EP3473580A1 - Loading device - Google Patents
Loading device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3473580A1 EP3473580A1 EP18192250.1A EP18192250A EP3473580A1 EP 3473580 A1 EP3473580 A1 EP 3473580A1 EP 18192250 A EP18192250 A EP 18192250A EP 3473580 A1 EP3473580 A1 EP 3473580A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- leg
- support
- loading device
- semitrailer
- pivot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/22—Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
- B66C1/28—Duplicate, e.g. pivoted, members engaging the loads from two sides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/12—Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets
- B66C1/20—Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets specially adapted for handling vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/22—Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
- B66C1/28—Duplicate, e.g. pivoted, members engaging the loads from two sides
- B66C1/30—Duplicate, e.g. pivoted, members engaging the loads from two sides and also arranged to grip the sides of the loads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
- B66C13/08—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a loading device for loading a semitrailer of a truck on a railway bag wagon, wherein the loading device comprises a base support and the base support a support device for supporting a semitrailer plate of the semitrailer and Radgreifimplantation with two gripping brackets for attaching a respective wheel of the semitrailer on the base support of the loading device and each of the gripping jaws has a bearing limb for engagement with a running surface of the respective wheel of the semitrailer and a support leg.
- the necessary stiffening of the semi-trailer has the disadvantage that this means an additional weight, which, while maintaining the permissible total weight of the semi-trailer leads to less cargo can be transported by semi-trailer.
- the beats EP 1 582 496 B1 a loading device of the above type. This loading device supports the semi-trailer plate of the semitrailer and engages the kingpin and the wheels and thus components of the semitrailer, which are also provided in the ordinary driving with a truck for the transmission of forces. This can be dispensed with additional stiffening of the semitrailer.
- the object of the invention is to propose for loading devices of the type mentioned above gripping elements with which the above problems can be solved.
- the invention provides for loading devices of the type mentioned above, that at the respective gripper arm of the plant leg is permanently bent to support legs and rigidly fixed to the support legs and the plant leg with the support legs together about a pivot axis pivotally mounted on a pivot bearing of the respective Radgreifelements is stored. It is preferably provided that the pivot axis extends in the longitudinal direction of the support leg.
- the loading device according to the invention thus a kind of adapter is provided, which can be attached to the semi-trailer standard, components in the form of the trailer plate and the wheels, so that the semi-trailer then attached to him in the form of the loading device by means of an adapter known crane such as a gantry crane or a known lifting device can be lifted on a railway bag wagon or lifted from this.
- an adapter known crane such as a gantry crane or a known lifting device
- the semitrailers can be formed in various known ways and ways. These semi-trailers are often referred to as semi-trailers. Even the railway bag wagons known per se need not be modified for this purpose, but may be performed in a manner known per se.
- the base support of the loading device is preferably formed as a kind, preferably three-dimensional, frame, which is first brought to secure the semi-trailer to the loading device in a corresponding positions relative to the semitrailer. In this position, the frame-shaped base support in preferred embodiments surrounds the semi-trailer at least partially.
- the base support can be designed for this purpose one or more parts.
- the base support can identify front side support on which the support device can be arranged. However, the base support can also identify rear side support on which the wheel gripping elements can be arranged.
- the attachment of the loading device and thus its base support to a crane or other lifting device can be done by known in the prior art fastening devices without this needs to be explained in more detail.
- the kingpin of the semitrailer is often referred to as kingpins. It is the pin of the semi-trailer, with the semi-trailer is attached to the truck in the prior art.
- the so-called trailer plate In the front area of the semi-trailer is located at the bottom of the semitrailer in the prior art, the so-called trailer plate. This usually ranges from the front end of the semitrailer to the kingpin and beyond.
- the semi-trailer plate strengthens the semi-trailer so that the weight of the semi-trailer can be absorbed between the forward end of the semi-trailer and the kingpin without damaging the underside of the semi-trailer.
- the truck tractor pushes the truck tractor backwards so far under the front of the semitrailer until the kingpin of the semitrailer can engage in the designated opening of the fifth wheel of the truck tractor.
- the semi-trailer plate of the semitrailer is now used to the front part of the semitrailer when loading and unloading on and off the railway bag wagon by means of the support device of Support loading device by the support device is passed in the region of the trailer plate so under the front of the semitrailer that the weight of the front of the semitrailer can be supported on the trailer plate on the support device and thus on the loading device.
- the support device can basically be designed as in the prior art.
- a traverse such as in Fig. 2 the EP 1 582 496 B1 is shown, this traverse is a known per se in the prior art support device.
- Other possible variants of how such a support device can be configured in loading devices according to the invention are explained below in the description of the figures.
- Wheel gripping elements designed according to the invention generally comprise at least two, preferably exactly two, gripping brackets, which can engage with their respective abutment legs on two opposite sides of the running surface of a respective wheel of the semitrailer.
- the running surface of the wheel of the semi-trailer is the area with which the wheel of the semitrailer rolls on the ground.
- two wheel gripping elements of the loading device according to the invention are arranged opposite one another on opposite sides of the loading device, so that they can respectively grip one of the wheels of the semitrailer arranged opposite one another.
- loading devices according to the invention favorably have two, four or six wheel gripping elements, which are arranged in pairs opposite one another on the base carrier.
- each gripper bar are conveniently angled fixed to each other, that results in a total L-shaped gripping bracket thereof. It can be provided that the support leg and the abutment leg of the respective gripper arm are arranged relative to one another at an angle of 90 ° to 100 °, preferably from 92 ° to 98 °. In particular, such embodiments are also considered L-shaped. In preferred embodiments, the support leg and the abutment leg of a respective gripper arm are integrally formed. This means that they are made in one piece.
- the gripper bar is preferably a curved or correspondingly angled round steel body, preferably made of high-strength steel, in particular round steel.
- Support legs and / or plant leg is preferably between 55 and 90mm. In preferred embodiments of the plant leg forms the shorter and the support leg, the longer leg of the gripper bar.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention also provide that the abutment leg with the support leg together by a pivot angle of substantially 90 °, preferably of exactly 90 °, between a first end position and a second end position is pivotable back and forth.
- the first end position is the one in which the plant leg rests in its end position on the running surface of the wheel.
- the second end position is the one in which the plant leg completely releases the running surface of the wheel.
- 90 ° means an angular range of 90 ° +/- 10 °, preferably +/- 5 °.
- the width of the wheel gripping element at least in the region of the gripper arm and the pivot bearing, corresponds to the width of the support leg or of the support leg.
- the pivot bearing is not in the width direction over the plant leg or the Supporting leg survives.
- the second end position is the one in which the gripper bar and thus in particular the plant leg and the support leg is inserted into the relatively narrow region between the wheel of the semitrailer and the side wall of the railway pocket car and pulled out of this area again.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention provide that the plant leg in the second end position with its free end facing away from the supporting leg obliquely upwards.
- the pivot axes about which the support legs are each mounted pivotably on the pivot bearing of the respective Radgreifelements are arranged opposite the vertical.
- This arrangement at an acute angle to the vertical allows a good application of force of the load of the wheel on the plant leg on the support legs and the pivot bearing in the base support.
- the side view is a view in which one sees in a direction parallel to the axes of rotation of the wheels of the semitrailer attached to the loading device, ie from the side, on the loading device.
- the pivot axes are arranged in this side view at an acute angle of 10 ° to 20 ° relative to the vertical. All of these features preferred embodiments allow a particularly compact and stable design of Radgreifimplantation.
- Preferred variants of the invention provide that one arranges the pivot drive for the common pivoting of the abutment leg and the support leg about the pivot axis so that even when the loading device including semi-trailer is on the railway bag car, above the side wall of the bag cart.
- preferred embodiments of the invention provide that a pivot drive for common pivoting of the abutment leg engages with the support leg about the pivot axis on a side facing away from the plant leg on the support legs. In this sense, it is favorable if, seen in the operating position of the loading device, the vertical distance between the lower edge of the Semi-rotary drive and the upper edge of the support leg is at least 400 mm, preferably at least 500 mm.
- preferred variants of the invention also provide that the support leg in one of the plant leg of the each gripping bar remote from the pivot bearing to at least 270 °, preferably completely, circumferentially closed is encompassed and is supported in a the plant leg of the respective gripping bar facing portion exclusively with a portion of its circumference on the pivot bearing.
- the pivot bearing may be formed of an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate, wherein the upper bearing plate generally surrounds the support leg with the interposition of a corresponding bearing at least 270 °, preferably completely, circumferentially, while the support leg on the lower bearing plate at one of its narrow sides , preferably in a correspondingly rounded recess, is mounted.
- a corresponding bearing at least 270 °, preferably completely, circumferentially
- the support leg on the lower bearing plate at one of its narrow sides preferably in a correspondingly rounded recess
- the thickness of the lower bearing plate is conveniently at most as large, so less than or equal to the thickness of the support leg.
- the portion of the support leg facing the abutment leg is favorably supported at an angle between 140 ° and 180 °, preferably between 160 ° and 170 ° of its circumference on the pivot bearing, wherein 360 °, as stated above, equate to a completely circumferentially closed encompassing would.
- the pivot drive for common pivoting of the support leg and the support arm about the pivot axis can basically be designed very differently.
- a motor drive element which may be embodied, for example, as an oil motor, geared motor, worm wheel electric motor or the like.
- the drive shaft of the pivot drive is favorably aligned axially parallel to the pivot axis or to the supporting leg.
- drive elements and linear drives such as pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders or racks or spindle drives can be used.
- the pivot drive comprises a lever mechanism.
- one or the pivot drive for common pivoting of the abutment leg with the supporting leg about the pivot axis has a sequence of, preferably two or three, pivotally interconnected transmission levers, wherein arranged at one end of the sequence transmission lever rotationally fixed to the Carrying leg is connected and a drive element of the rotary actuator acts to pivot on one of the transmission lever.
- the drive element of the pivot drive can engage the transmission lever, which is arranged opposite the support leg in sequence.
- the drive element can just as well attack on another transmission lever.
- preferred variants provide that the transmission levers located at the ends of the sequence are in each case arranged around a stationary, for example, on the pivot bearing Axis are pivotable, while the pivot joints between the transmission levers need not be fixed in place.
- preferred embodiments provide that at least two of the transmission lever of the sequence in the first end position in a straight alignment arranged one behind the other or guided over a dead center and in the latter case are supported on a stop.
- a self-locking of the pivot drive is achieved, so that the drive element no longer has to muster forces to keep this end position of the plant leg.
- the successive straight aligned transmission lever behave like a stretched toggle.
- the transmission levers are guided over a dead center and supported on a stop, they favorably assume an angle between 181 ° and 195 °, preferably between 183 ° and 187 °, to each other.
- the transmission levers should not be aligned one behind the other. It is preferably provided that the transmission lever in this second end position are arranged at an obtuse angle between 120 ° and 175 °, preferably between 155 ° and 170 ° relative to each other.
- preferred variants of the pivoting drive provide that, starting from the second end position on the way to the first end position, the pivot drive initially generates relatively large pivot angles of the contact leg with a relatively low torque, while the closer the contact limb comes to its first end position, the rotational angle transmission decreases and the torque ratio increases. For the movement in the opposite Direction applies the reverse.
- Alternative embodiments of the rotary actuator would be, for example, gear transmission, timing belt, drive chains, drive shafts and the like. If in these alternative rotary actuators no self-locking, such as can be achieved by the stretched transmission legs, it may also be provided in addition to an additional locking device for holding the abutment leg in its first end position on the tread of the wheel.
- a pivot drive for example, it would also be conceivable to pivot the gripper bar and thus the plant leg by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder between the first and the second end position back and forth. Blocking in the first end position could then be achieved, for example, by shutting off the fluid acting in the cylinder.
- each gripper bar to have its own pivoting drive.
- preferred variants of loading devices provide that the wheel gripping elements are individually longitudinally displaceably mounted on the base carrier in a longitudinal direction of the loading device relative to the base carrier. Conveniently, this is a motor-driven adjustment.
- preferred variants provide that each gripper bar is mounted longitudinally displaceable relative to the base carrier individually on the base carrier in a longitudinal direction of the loading device, again preferably driven by a motor.
- the longitudinal direction of the loading device runs in an operating position of the loading device for attaching the semi-trailer to the base support, preferably horizontally.
- motor drives for lekssverstellen the Radgreifimplantation and / or the gripping arms in the longitudinal direction of the loading device can be different, known per se drive elements such as Rack and pinion, spindle gear, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder drives or other known linear actuators can be used. Further alternative drives are trapezoidal threaded spindles, ball screw drives, rack drives, drive train drives, etc ..
- each wheel gripping elements and preferably each gripper bar is assigned a separate drive for adjustment in the longitudinal direction of the loading device.
- the Radgreifetti along at least onecardinverstellbahn relative to the base support are mounted on the base support and the height adjustment, seen in a longitudinal view of the loading device, at an acute angle, preferably greater than 0 ° and at most 10 °, is arranged relative to the vertical.
- the traversnverstellbahnen seen in a view from behind and also from the front of the loading device in said acute angle relative to the vertical.
- the longitudinal view is in any case a view from a direction parallel to the longitudinal extent of the semitrailer when the loading device is attached to the semitrailer.
- Fig. 1 the situation is illustrated in which a semi-trailer 2 of a truck by means of its wheels 9 and the support legs known per se 44 or support feet on a railway bag wagon 3 and the example in Fig. 13 visible kingpin 6 of the semitrailer 2 is arranged in a corresponding opening of a scissor lift table 43 of the railway pocket cart 3.
- the scissor lift 43 when the semi-trailer 2 is on the railway bag wagon 3, also carry the load of the front part of the semitrailer 2.
- the support winds 44 can therefore also be retracted.
- the semitrailer 2 must now be unloaded from the railway bag wagon 3 so that it can be attached to a truck, not shown here, as usual by means of its kingpin 6 and can be transported with this.
- the loading device 1 by means of a crane, not shown here or the like still hanging over the semitrailer 2 arranged.
- Fig. 2 shows the vertical section along the section line AA Fig. 1 , Good to see is first on not shown here fasteners such as tabs or the like on the crane not shown attached base 4 of the loading device 1. This is here frame or cage-like design.
- a support device 5 for supporting the example in FIG.
- the wheel gripping elements 7 are located on the base support 4, here on the rear side supports 46.
- Each of the wheel gripping elements 7 has two gripping brackets 8 each.
- the two gripping arms 8 of the respective wheel gripping element 7 By means of the two gripping arms 8 of the respective wheel gripping element 7, in each case one wheel 9 of the semitrailer 2 can be fastened to the base carrier 4 of the loading device 1.
- this has a total of four wheel gripping elements 7, with each of which a wheel 9 of the semitrailer 2 can be used.
- the wheel gripping elements 7 are arranged in pairs opposite one another, so that they can grip opposing wheels of the semitrailer 2.
- each two arranged on the same page wheel gripping elements 7 can be seen.
- the sectional views according to the Fig. 2, 4, 6 . 7, 8, 10, 12 and 14 It can easily be seen that in each case two of the wheel gripping elements 7 are arranged opposite one another on opposite sides of the base carrier 4 so as to be able to fasten two oppositely arranged wheels 9 of the semitrailer 2 to the base carrier 4.
- wheel gripping elements 7 could also be provided on loading devices according to the invention. Conceivable here depending on the number of wheels 9 of a semitrailer 2, in particular two, four or six, preferably in pairs oppositely arranged, wheel gripping elements. 7
- Each of the gripper bar 8 has an abutment leg 10 for abutment with the running surface 11 of the respective wheel 9 of the semitrailer 2 and a support leg 12.
- the plant leg 10 is according to the invention, together with the support leg 12 about a, in this example in the longitudinal direction 13 of the support leg 12 extending, pivot axis 14 pivotally explained at a later still in detail Swivel bearing 15 of the respective Radgreifimplantations 7 stored.
- the wheel gripping elements 7 are mounted longitudinally adjustable on the base carrier 4 individually in the longitudinal direction 26 of the loading device 1 relative to the base carrier 4. Said longitudinal direction 26 of the loading device 1 runs in the operating position of the loading device 1 for attaching the semitrailer 2, as shown in the Fig. 5 to 13 is shown, at least substantially horizontally. Due to the longitudinal adjustability, the position of the wheel gripping elements 7 can be adapted to the respective center distance of the wheels 9 of the respective semitrailer 2.
- each gripper bar 8 of each Radgreifimplantations individually in said longitudinal direction 26 of the loading device 1 relative to the base support 4 is mounted longitudinally adjustable on this.
- the respective wheel gripping element 7 can also be adapted to the diameter of the wheels 9 of the respective semitrailer 2 by appropriate adjustment of the horizontal distance between the gripping brackets 8 of each wheel gripping element 7.
- one respective longitudinal adjustment path 33 arranged horizontally in said operating position is provided.
- each of these Leksverstellbahnen 33 four gripping arms 8 are individually slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction 26 in the illustrated embodiment, so that the Radgreifimplantation 7 each as a whole and in addition their gripping bar 8 also individually relative to each other in the longitudinal direction 26 can be moved. This allows both an adaptation to the center distance and to the diameter of the wheels 9 of the respective semitrailer. 2
- each is a motorized adjustment. It may, for example, rack-and-pinion, spindle gear, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder drives or other known linear actuators act.
- the 3 and 4 show the situation, as the loading device 1, starting from the situation according to Fig. 1 and 2 is lowered to the located on the railway bag wagon 3 semitrailer 2.
- Fig. 4 shows the section BB Fig. 3
- the loading device 1 is shown lowered to the semi-trailer 2 completely.
- Fig. 6 shows this in section along the section line CC Fig. 5 , Is this position according to FIGS. 5 and 6 reached, so on the one hand, the support device 5 can be arranged to support the front part of the semitrailer 2 under the trailer plate 42.
- the wheel gripping elements 7 can be attached to the respective wheels 9 of the semitrailer 2.
- Fig. 31 the situation is shown that the semitrailer 2 is parked with its wheels 9 and the known in the prior art, according to extended support legs 44 of the semitrailer 2 on a substrate, not shown.
- the base support 4 of the loading device 1 is lowered so far on the semitrailer 2 that the support device 5 can be used in the manner described below for supporting the trailer plate 42 of the semitrailer 2.
- the Fig. 32 shows a bottom view of the front of the semitrailer 2 in area II Fig. 31 , Good to see is here from the front end of the semitrailer 2 to the kingpin 6 addition extending trailer plate 42nd
- the support device 5 realized here has two pivotally mounted pivot arms 31. Each of these pivot arms 31 is pivotally mounted via a Schwenkarmgelenk 37 on one of the front side support 45 and thus on the base support 4.
- the pivoting of the pivot arms 31 about the pivot arm joints 37 can basically also be done by hand.
- preferred variants, such as those shown here have motor-operated pivoting drives 36 with which the pivoting arms 31 can be pivoted about the pivoting arm joints 37.
- Schwenkarmantriebe 36 come in the prior art known per se, suitable for this purpose engines and transmissions in question, without this must be discussed in detail.
- the advantage of the support device 5 realized here with respect to the aforementioned, known from the prior art support device 5 is that this realized here type of support 5 is an integral part of the loading device 1 and not as in the aforementioned prior art together with the Semitrailer 2 must be transported on the railway bag wagon 3.
- the support device 5 can have one or two or more pivot arms 31.
- FIGS. 31 and 32 When lowering the loading device 1 on the semitrailer 2 are the pivot arms 31, as in the FIGS. 31 and 32 shown in a position in which they are each aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction 26 of the loading device 1, so that they do not collide with the lowering of the loading device 1 on the semitrailer 2 with this. Is the lowered position of the loading device 1 according to the FIGS. 31 and 32 achieved, the pivot arms 31 can be pivoted in the Schwenkarmgelenken 37 toward each other.
- the swivel arm joints 37 are in the embodiment shown in each case on one of the front side support 45 and thus on the base support 4.
- Die FIGS. 33 and 34 show an intermediate position when successively pivoting the pivot arms 31, wherein Fig.
- FIGS. 35 and 36 show the end position in which the pivot arms 31 are pivoted toward each other.
- Fig. 36 shows the view from below on the front portion of the semitrailer 2 in the area KK Fig. 35 ,
- a latch 40 is slidably disposed in the longitudinal direction of this pivot arm 31, which can be retracted with the latch drive 39 from this pivot arm 31 and in this again.
- the bolt drive 39 may be, for example, rack drives, spindle drives, but also other known per se linear actuators.
- the bolt 40 can be extended from the one of the pivot arms 31 so that it can be inserted into a corresponding hollow portion of the oppositely arranged pivot arm 31.
- the two pivot arms 31 together form a very rigid support so that the support device 5 can support the weight of the front portion of the semitrailer 2, without this being larger in a corresponding extended from one pivot arm 31 and retracted into the other pivot arm 31 latch 40 Bending moments in the front side support 45 must be initiated.
- the front side support 45 and thus the base support 4 must then so in the front region of the semitrailer 2 only to bear its weight. In the in FIGS. 35 and 36 shown position can thus be raised by means of the loading device 1, the semitrailer 2, wherein the weight of the front part of the semitrailer 2 is supported by the trailer plate 42 on the supporting device 5 thus formed.
- the loading device 1 are released again from the semitrailer 2, it is based on the situation according to the FIGS. 35 and 36 First, the latch 40 by means of the latch drive 39 completely pulled out of the one of the pivot arms 31, so that the pivot arms 31 then starting from the situation according to the FIGS. 35 and 36 according to the situation FIGS. 31 and 32 can be swung back, whereby the support device 5 then releases the semi-trailer 2 in its front area.
- FIGS. 31 to 36 show the situation in which the semi-trailer 2 is free by means of its wheels 9 and the landing gear 44 on a substrate, not shown, show the FIGS. 37 and 38 the situation in which the semitrailer 2 is on the railway bag wagon 3.
- Fig. 38 again shows the bottom view of the front of the semitrailer 2 in the area of the trailer plate 42. Is shown in the FIGS. 37 and 38 the locked position, as in the FIGS. 35 and 36 , In the FIGS.
- the supporting device 5 realized here is arranged with its pivot arms 31 so that it does not collide with the scissor table 43 arranged on the railway bag wagon 3, in which the kingpin 6, as known per se, during the transport of the semitrailer 2 is introduced on the railway bag wagon 3.
- FIGS. 39 to 46 an alternative embodiment of a support device 5 is shown, which in turn also has two pivoting arms 31 pivotally mounted via corresponding pivot arm joints 37 on the front side supports 45 and thus on the base support 4.
- the end position is shown, in which the pivot arms 31 are pivoted into their setting parallel to the longitudinal direction 26 of the loading device 1.
- Fig. 40 shows the bottom view in the area MM Fig. 39
- the FIGS. 43 and 44 show the other end position in which the pivot arms 31 are pivoted toward each other and connected to the latch 40 together to form a rigid support, ie the position in which the means of Trailer plate 42 on the support device 5 resting front portion of the semitrailer 2 can be raised.
- FIG 44 shows the bottom view in the area NN according to Fig. 43 ,
- the FIGS. 41 and 42 show in corresponding lower views intermediate positions in which the pivot arms 31 are not yet locked.
- the difference from the first embodiment according to the FIGS. 31 to 38 is that the latch 40 is rigidly mounted in one of the pivot arms 31 and both pivot arms 31 are also slidably mounted in respective guide profiles 38 in addition to pivoting about the respective Schwenkarmgelenk 37 in its longitudinal direction. This makes it possible, based on the situation according to FIGS. 39 and 40 the pivot arms 31 are initially pivoted about their pivot arm joints 37 to each other via corresponding pivoting drives 36. Is the position according to Fig.
- both pivot arms 31 are so far along in their guide sections 38 until the latch 40 is inserted on the one of the pivot arms 31 in a corresponding cavity of the other pivot arm 31, so that in total results in a rigid support, which is suitable that on such a support device 5 alslagernde weight of the front part of the semitrailer 2 without the occurrence of bending moments in the front side support 45 of the base support 4 introduce.
- a separate latch drive 39 for moving the bolt 40 is not necessary in this alternative embodiment.
- the unlocking takes place here in reverse order starting from the position according to Fig. 44 over FIGS. 42 and 41 to the position according to Fig. 40 ,
- FIGS. 45 and 46 show also for this embodiment, the situation on the railway bag wagon 3. Again, the support device 5 is arranged so that it does not come to collision with the scissor lift 43 of the railroad car 3.
- the loading device 1, the wheels 9 of the semitrailer 2 by means of Wheel gripping elements 7 according to the invention, here in this example on the rear side beams 46 of the base support 4 and thus generally speaking on the base support 4 are attached.
- the Radgreifimplantation 7 along a height adjustment path 27 relative to Base support 4 or here the rear side supports 46 are mounted vertically adjustable on the base support 4.
- These height adjustment paths 27 are particularly well in the enlarged views according to FIGS. 7 and 8 to see. They are seen in a longitudinal view of the loading device 1, at an acute angle 28 (see Fig. 8 ) with respect to the vertical 29.
- Theracenverstellbahnen 27 which are arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the base support 4, are favorably inclined so that they run towards each other in the operating position downwards.
- the angle 28 between the respectiveêtnverstellbahn 27 and the vertical 29 is favorably greater than 0 ° and a maximum of 10 °.
- Fig. 7 shows in a vertical section, the situation in which the Radgreifimplantation 7 along theCNnverstellbahn 27 are still driven upwards. This is the position of the wheel gripping elements 7, in which the base support 4 and the loading device 1 can be lowered onto the semitrailer 2 or lifted from this.
- the Radgreifimplantation 7 are first driven along the tokenverstellbahn 27 down. Conveniently, this is done via a motorized height adjustment drive 32.
- height adjustment drives 32 all suitable linear drives such as the hydraulic cylinders shown here but also pneumatic cylinders, electric linear drives, spindle drives or the like can be used.
- the gripping arms 8 of the wheel gripping elements 7 can optimally be narrowed by the arrangement of the height adjustment path 27 that is slightly angled relative to the vertical 29 Space between the wheels 9 and the side walls 41 of the railway bag wagon 3 are retracted.
- the end position of this retraction movement along the spannverstellbahn 27 is in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 shown.
- the gripping brackets 8 can then be pivoted about their pivot axes 14 extending in their longitudinal directions 13, so that their abutment legs 10 come into contact with the running surface 11 of the respective wheel 9. This pivotal motion occurs between the situations Fig. 9 and10 on the one hand and FIGS. 11 and 12 on the other hand.
- Fig. 10 shows the one end position of this pivoting movement, Fig. 12 the other end position, where Fig. 10 the vertical section along the section line DD FIGS. 9 and 12 the vertical section along the section line EE Fig. 11 shows.
- Fig. 12 the first end position is shown, in which the abutment legs 10 rest against the running surfaces 11 of the wheels 9
- Fig. 10 shows the second end position in which the wheels 9 are released and the plant leg 10 does not abut the running surfaces 11 of the wheels 9.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 is thus the situation reached in which the front part of the semitrailer 2 is supported with its trailer plate 42 on the support device 5 and the wheels 9 of the semitrailer 2 by means of Radgreifimplantation 7 are also attached to the base support 4 and thus to the loading device 1. If this is achieved, the semitrailer 2 can be raised on the loading device 1 hanging from a crane and lifted out of the railway bag wagon 3, as shown in the FIGS. 13 and 14 is shown, where Fig. 14 a vertical section along the section line FF Fig. 13 shows. Starting from FIGS. 13 and 14 the semi-trailer 2 is then placed on a road surface with the loading device 1 of the crane, not shown here.
- the support device 5 and the wheel gripping elements 7 are released, so that then the loading device 1 lifted off the semitrailer 2 and the semi-trailer 2 attached to the truck and can be transported away with this.
- the loading device 1 is then available for a further loading operation.
- This may be the process of loading a semitrailer 2 onto a railway baggage cart 3 or the one shown and described hereinabove Be unloading.
- the procedure for loading a semitrailer 2 on the railway bag wagon 3 results in a corresponding manner in reverse order from the described unloading, so this need not be explained further.
- the 15 to 23 Now show in a detailed view of the first, in the previously described loading device 1 realized embodiment of a Radgreifimplantations 7, detached from the other components of the loading device 1.
- the permanently angled and rigid attachment of the support leg 10 on the support leg 12 achieved in that the supporting leg 12 and the bearing arm 10 of the respective gripper arm 8 are integrally formed. It may be, for example, as realized here, curved round steel body, preferably of high-strength steel act.
- the angle 16 between the supporting leg 12 and the bearing leg 10 of the respective gripping arm 8 is preferably a value of 90 ° to 100 °, more preferably from 92 ° to 98 °.
- the plant leg 10 and the supporting leg 12 are mounted so as to be pivotable about the longitudinal axis 13 of the supporting leg pivot axis 14 pivotally mounted on the pivot bearing 15 of the respective Radgreifimplantations 7.
- the in the FIGS. 16 and 18 indicated pivot angle 17 between the end positions according to FIGS. 15 and 16 and 19 and 20 is preferably substantially 90 °, more preferably exactly 90 °.
- the Fig. 19 shows in a side view and the Fig. 20 in a plan view, the first end position, in which the abutment leg 10 rests against the running surface 11 of the wheel 9 and thus the tread 11 of the wheel 9 rests on the plant leg.
- the Fig. 15 shows in a side view and the Fig.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 in a plan view, the second end position in which the tread 11 of the wheel 9 is released.
- the gripping jaws 8 are pivoted into a position in which the entire width of the gripping bar 8 corresponds to the diameter of the carrying leg 12. This is the position in which the gripper bar 8 can be moved to save space in the narrow space between the wheel 9 and side wall 41 of the railway pocket cart 3 and extended from this again.
- the Fig. 17 in a side view, and 18, in a plan view show an intermediate position of the pivotal movement of the respective gripping bracket 8 about its pivot axes 14. In the FIGS. 18 and 20 are not actually visible in these plan views areas of the respective plant leg 10 shown by dashed lines.
- the pivot drive 18 for the common pivoting of the abutment leg 10 with the supporting leg 12 about the pivot axis 14 on the side facing away from the plant leg 10 side on the support legs 12 engages. This is in the Fig. 15 to 21 good to see.
- the rotary actuator 18 a sequence of three pivotally interconnected transmission levers 21, 22 and 23, wherein arranged at one end of the sequence transmission lever 21 rotatably connected to the support legs 12 and the drive member 24 of the pivot drive 18 for pivoting on one of the transmission lever 21st , 22 or 23 acts.
- first embodiment according to the 15 to 23 are provided at the respective opposite ends of the sequence of transmission levers 21, 22, 23 pivot joints fixed to the pivot bearing 15 and its upper bearing plate 34, while the joints, by means of which the transmission lever 21, 22, 23 are interconnected, relative to Swivel bearings 15 are freely movable.
- the drive element 24 of the first embodiment according to the 15 to 23 can be an electric motor or another rotary drive. By turning by means of this drive element 24, the transmission levers 23, 22 and 21 are pivoted against each other, so that ultimately results in the pivotal movement of the respective gripper arm 8 about the respective pivot axis 14.
- the pivot axes 14, by which the support legs 12 and gripping arms 8 are each mounted pivotably on the pivot bearing 15 of the respective Radgreifimplantations 17, are arranged at an acute angle 30 relative to the vertical 29. This in turn is favorable to that in the first end position according to Fig. 20 in the direction of the second end position on the gripper bar 8 acting torques to minimize.
- the angle 30 between the pivot axes 14 and the vertical 29 is conveniently in the range between 5 ° and 25 °.
- the supporting leg 12 is circumferentially encompassed in a, away from the plant leg 10 of the respective gripper arm 8 section 19 from the pivot bearing 15 and in a, the plant leg 10 of the respective gripper bar 8 facing portion 20 exclusively with a portion its circumference is supported on the pivot bearing 15.
- FIGS. 21, 22 and 23 referenced, wherein Fig. 22 the section along the section line GG, ie in the region of the upper bearing plate 34 of the pivot bearing 15 and the Fig. 23 the section along the section line HH thus in the region of the lower bearing plate 35 of the pivot bearing 15 shows.
- FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 Now show a first alternative embodiment of a pivot drive 18 for pivoting the gripper arm 8 about the pivot axis 14th Fig. 24 again shows the first end position while Fig. 26 the second end position shows. Fig. 25 shows an intermediate position when pivoting the gripping arms 8 about their respective pivot axis 14.
- the difference of this second embodiment of a pivot drive 18 for an inventive gripping element 7 to the first embodiment according to the 15 to 23 lies in the nature and design of the drive element 24.
- the drive element 24 is a linear drive, here as an example in the form of a hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder drive.
- This drive element 24 engages in the variant shown here at one of the freely movable joints between the transmission levers 21, 22, 23 or here in the concrete example between the transmission levers 22 and 23 at. Apart from these differences corresponds to this second embodiment of the pivot drive 18 of the first in the 15 to 23 shown variant.
- Fig. 27 to 29 show by way of example a third variant of how a corresponding pivot drive 18 may be formed.
- transmission lever 21 and 22 are only two, interconnected via joints transmission lever 21 and 22 are present, wherein the transmission lever 21 is rotatably mounted on the support legs 12 and the second transmission lever 22 pivotally connected to a spindle drive or other Linear drive trained drive element 24 is attached.
- this spindle drive or linear drive can then ultimately the respective gripper bar 8 turn around its pivot axis 14 between the, in Fig. 27 shown, first end position and, in Fig. 29 shown, second end position to be pivoted back and forth.
- Fig. 28 again shows an intermediate position.
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Abstract
Verladevorrichtung (1) zum Verladen eines Sattelanhängers (2) eines Lastkraftwagens auf einen Eisenbahntaschenwagen (3), wobei die Verladevorrichtung (1) einen Grundträger (4) und am Grundträger (4) eine Stützvorrichtung (5) zur Abstützung einer Aufliegerplatte (42) des Sattelanhängers (2) und Radgreifelemente (7) mit jeweils zwei Greifbügeln (8) zum Befestigen jeweils eines Rades (9) des Sattelanhängers (2) am Grundträger (4) der Verladevorrichtung (1) aufweist und jeder der Greifbügel (8) einen Anlageschenkel (10) zur Anlage an einer Lauffläche (11) des jeweiligen Rades (9) des Sattelanhängers (2) und einen Tragschenkel (12) aufweist, wobei bei dem jeweiligen Greifbügel (8) der Anlageschenkel (10) permanent abgewinkelt zum Tragschenkel (12) angeordnet und starr am Tragschenkel (12) fixiert ist und der Anlageschenkel (10) mit dem Tragschenkel (12) gemeinsam um eine, vorzugsweise in Längsrichtung (13) des Tragschenkels (12) verlaufende, Schwenkachse (14) schwenkbar an einem Schwenklager (15) des jeweiligen Radgreifelements (7) gelagert ist. (Fig. 1) Loading device (1) for loading a semitrailer (2) of a truck onto a railway pocket wagon (3), wherein the loading device (1) comprises a base support (4) and at the base support (4) a support device (5) for supporting a trailer plate (42) of Sattelanhängers (2) and Radgreifelemente (7), each with two gripping arms (8) for attaching in each case a wheel (9) of the semitrailer (2) on the base support (4) of the loading device (1) and each of the gripping bracket (8) a plant leg ( 10) for engagement with a running surface (11) of the respective wheel (9) of the semitrailer (2) and a support leg (12), wherein at the respective gripper arm (8) of the support leg (10) permanently angled to the supporting leg (12) and rigidly fixed to the support leg (12) and the abutment leg (10) with the support leg (12) together about a, preferably in the longitudinal direction (13) of the support leg (12) extending pivot axis (14) pivotally connected to a em pivot bearing (15) of the respective Radgreifelements (7) is mounted. (Fig. 1)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Verladevorrichtung zum Verladen eines Sattelanhängers eines Lastkraftwagens auf einen Eisenbahntaschenwagen, wobei die Verladevorrichtung einen Grundträger und am Grundträger eine Stützvorrichtung zur Abstützung einer Aufliegerplatte des Sattelanhängers und Radgreifelemente mit jeweils zwei Greifbügeln zum Befestigen jeweils eines Rades des Sattelanhängers am Grundträger der Verladevorrichtung aufweist und jeder der Greifbügel einen Anlageschenkel zur Anlage an einer Lauffläche des jeweiligen Rades des Sattelanhängers und einen Tragschenkel aufweist.The present invention relates to a loading device for loading a semitrailer of a truck on a railway bag wagon, wherein the loading device comprises a base support and the base support a support device for supporting a semitrailer plate of the semitrailer and Radgreifelemente with two gripping brackets for attaching a respective wheel of the semitrailer on the base support of the loading device and each of the gripping jaws has a bearing limb for engagement with a running surface of the respective wheel of the semitrailer and a support leg.
Um vor allem in Europa gebräuchliche Sattelanhänger auch mit der Eisenbahn transportieren zu können, wurden spezielle Eisenbahntaschenwagen entwickelt. Diese weisen von Seitenwänden des Eisenbahntaschenwagens begrenzte Vertiefungen auf, in die die Räder des Sattelanhängers hineingestellt werden können. Die Sattelanhänger müssen mit einem Kran wie z.B. einem Portalkran oder einer sonstigen Hebevorrichtung auf den Eisenbahntaschenwagen hinaufgehoben und von diesem auch wieder heruntergehoben werden. Hierzu ist es beim Stand der Technik bekannt, den Rahmen der Sattelanhänger so zu versteifen und mit Greifkanten oder Greiföffnungen zu versehen, dass entsprechende Hebeseile oder Hebegurte oder Greifzangen zum Anheben des Sattelanhängers direkt an den genannten Greifkanten oder Greiföffnungen befestigt werden können. Die hierfür notwendige Versteifung der Sattelanhänger hat allerdings den Nachteil, dass dies ein Zusatzgewicht bedeutet, welches unter Einhaltung des zulässigen Gesamtgewichts des Sattelanhängers dazu führt, dass weniger Ladung mit dem Sattelanhänger transportiert werden kann. Um dies zu vermeiden, schlägt die
Bezüglich der Radgreifelemente schlägt die
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, für Verladevorrichtungen der oben genannten Art Radgreifelemente vorzuschlagen, mit denen die genannten Probleme gelöst werden können.The object of the invention is to propose for loading devices of the type mentioned above gripping elements with which the above problems can be solved.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung bei Verladevorrichtungen der oben genannten Art vor, dass bei dem jeweiligen Greifbügel der Anlageschenkel permanent abgewinkelt zum Tragschenkel angeordnet und starr am Tragschenkel fixiert ist und der Anlageschenkel mit dem Tragschenkel gemeinsam um eine Schwenkachse schwenkbar an einem Schwenklager des jeweiligen Radgreifelements gelagert ist. Bevorzugt ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die Schwenkachse in Längsrichtung des Tragschenkels verläuft.To solve this problem, the invention provides for loading devices of the type mentioned above, that at the respective gripper arm of the plant leg is permanently bent to support legs and rigidly fixed to the support legs and the plant leg with the support legs together about a pivot axis pivotally mounted on a pivot bearing of the respective Radgreifelements is stored. It is preferably provided that the pivot axis extends in the longitudinal direction of the support leg.
In anderen Worten wird im Rahmen der Erfindung somit vorgeschlagen, den Anlageschenkel und den Tragschenkel des jeweiligen Greifbügels starr miteinander zu verbinden und den gesamten Greifbügel, also Anlageschenkel und Tragschenkel gemeinsam, um eine, vorzugsweise in Längsrichtung des Tragschenkels verlaufende, Schwenkachse schwenkbar zu lagern. Durch die starre und permanente Verbindung des Tragschenkels mit dem Anlageschenkel können vom Greifbügel mit relativ geringem Platzbedarf große Kräfte sowie Biege- und Torsionsmomente aufgenommen werden. Es wird auf das beim Stand der Technik vorgeschlagene Schwenkgelenk zwischen Anlageschenkel und Tragschenkel vollständig verzichtet. Durch diese Maßnahme wird sowohl die Tragfähigkeit des Greifbügels erhöht, als auch der Platzbedarf gesenkt.In other words, it is thus proposed in the context of the invention to rigidly connect the bearing limb and the support leg of the respective gripper arm and the entire gripper bar, so plant leg and support leg together to pivot about a, preferably extending in the longitudinal direction of the support leg pivot axis. Due to the rigid and permanent connection of the support leg with the plant leg large forces and bending and torsional moments can be absorbed by the gripper bar with a relatively small footprint. It is completely dispensed with the proposed in the prior art pivot between the plant leg and support legs. By this measure, both the load capacity of the gripper bar is increased, and reduced the space requirement.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verladevorrichtung wird somit eine Art Adapter zur Verfügung gestellt, welcher an, am Sattelanhänger standartmäßig vorhandenen, Bauteilen in Form der Aufliegerplatte und der Räder befestigt werden kann, sodass der Sattelanhänger dann mit dem an ihm befestigten Adapter in Form der Verladevorrichtung mittels eines an sich bekannten Kranes wie z.B. einem Portalkran oder einer an sich bekannten Hebevorrichtung auf einen Eisenbahntaschenwagen hinaufgehoben oder von diesem herabgehoben werden kann. Mit dem Verladen des Sattelanhängers auf einen Eisenbahntaschenwagen ist sowohl die Möglichkeit des Aufladens als auch die des Abladens gemeint. Die Sattelanhänger können dabei in verschiedenen an sich bekannten Arten und Weisen ausgebildet werden. Man bezeichnet diese Sattelanhänger auch häufig als Sattelauflieger. Auch die an sich bekannten Eisenbahntaschenwagen müssen hierzu nicht modifiziert werden, sondern können in an sich bekannter Art und Weise ausgeführt sein.The loading device according to the invention thus a kind of adapter is provided, which can be attached to the semi-trailer standard, components in the form of the trailer plate and the wheels, so that the semi-trailer then attached to him in the form of the loading device by means of an adapter known crane such as a gantry crane or a known lifting device can be lifted on a railway bag wagon or lifted from this. By loading the semitrailer on a railway bag wagon is meant both the possibility of loading and unloading. The semitrailers can be formed in various known ways and ways. These semi-trailers are often referred to as semi-trailers. Even the railway bag wagons known per se need not be modified for this purpose, but may be performed in a manner known per se.
Der Grundträger der Verladevorrichtung ist bevorzugt als eine Art, vorzugsweise dreidimensionaler, Rahmen ausgebildet, welcher zur Befestigung des Sattelanhängers an der Verladevorrichtung zunächst eine in entsprechende Positionen relativ zum Sattelanhänger gebracht wird. In dieser Position umgreift der rahmenförmige Grundträger in bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsformen den Sattelanhänger zumindest bereichsweise. Der Grundträger kann hierzu ein- oder mehrteilig ausgebildet sein. Der Grundträger kann vordere Seitenträger ausweisen, an denen die Stützvorrichtung angeordnet sein kann. Der Grundträger kann aber auch hintere Seitenträger ausweisen, an denen die Radgreifelemente angeordnet sein können. Die Befestigung der Verladevorrichtung und damit ihres Grundträgers an einem Kran oder einer sonstigen Hebevorrichtung kann über beim Stand der Technik bekannte Befestigungsvorrichtungen erfolgen, ohne dass dies näher erläutert werden muss.The base support of the loading device is preferably formed as a kind, preferably three-dimensional, frame, which is first brought to secure the semi-trailer to the loading device in a corresponding positions relative to the semitrailer. In this position, the frame-shaped base support in preferred embodiments surrounds the semi-trailer at least partially. The base support can be designed for this purpose one or more parts. The base support can identify front side support on which the support device can be arranged. However, the base support can also identify rear side support on which the wheel gripping elements can be arranged. The attachment of the loading device and thus its base support to a crane or other lifting device can be done by known in the prior art fastening devices without this needs to be explained in more detail.
Der Königszapfen des Sattelanhängers wird häufig auch als Zugsattelzapfen bezeichnet. Es ist der Zapfen des Sattelanhängers, mit dem der Sattelanhänger beim Stand der Technik am Lastkraftwagen (LKW) angehängt wird. Im vorderen Bereich des Sattelanhängers befindet sich an der Unterseite des Sattelanhängers beim Stand der Technik die sogenannte Aufliegerplatte. Diese reicht in der Regel vom vorderen Ende des Sattelanhängers bis zum Königszapfen und über diesen hinaus. Die Aufliegerplatte verstärkt den Sattelanhänger so, dass das Gewicht des Sattelanhängers im Bereich zwischen dem vorderen Ende des Sattelanhängers und dem Königszapfen ohne Beschädigung der Unterseite des Sattelanhängers aufgenommen werden kann. Damit ist es beim Stand der Technik möglich, dass sich die LKW Zugmaschine rückwärts so weit unter die Vorderseite des Sattelanhängers schiebt, bis der Königszapfen des Sattelanhängers in der dafür vorgesehenen Öffnung der Sattelkupplung der LKW Zugmaschine einrasten kann. Bei erfindungsgemäßen Verladevorrichtungen wird nun die Aufliegerplatte des Sattelanhängers dazu genutzt, den vorderen Teil des Sattelanhängers beim Auf- und Abladen auf und von dem Eisenbahntaschenwagen mittels der Stützvorrichtung der Verladevorrichtung abzustützen, indem die Stützvorrichtung im Bereich der Aufliegerplatte so unter der Vorderseite des Sattelanhängers hindurchgeführt ist, dass sich das Gewicht der Vorderseite des Sattelanhängers über die Aufliegerplatte auf der Stützvorrichtung und damit an der Verladevorrichtung abstützen kann. Die Stützvorrichtung kann grundsätzlich wie beim Stand der Technik ausgebildet sein. Insbesondere ist es denkbar, am Grundträger der erfindungsgemäßen Verladevorrichtung eine Traverse, wie sie z.B. in
Erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Radgreifelemente umfassen in der Regel zumindest zwei, vorzugsweise genau zwei, Greifbügel, welche mit ihren jeweiligen Anlageschenkeln an zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Lauffläche eines jeweiligen Rades des Sattelanhängers angreifen können. Die Lauffläche des Rades des Sattelanhängers ist dabei die Fläche, mit der das Rad des Sattelanhängers auf dem Untergrund abrollt. Bevorzugt sind jeweils zwei Radgreifelemente der erfindungsgemäßen Verladevorrichtung einander gegenüberliegend auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Verladevorrichtung angeordnet, sodass sie entsprechend jeweils eines, von einander gegenüberliegend angeordneten Rädern des Sattelanhängers greifen können. Entsprechend haben erfindungsgemäße Verladevorrichtungen günstigerweise zwei, vier oder sechs Radgreifelemente, welche paarweise einander gegenüberliegend am Grundträger angeordnet sind.Wheel gripping elements designed according to the invention generally comprise at least two, preferably exactly two, gripping brackets, which can engage with their respective abutment legs on two opposite sides of the running surface of a respective wheel of the semitrailer. The running surface of the wheel of the semi-trailer is the area with which the wheel of the semitrailer rolls on the ground. Preferably, in each case two wheel gripping elements of the loading device according to the invention are arranged opposite one another on opposite sides of the loading device, so that they can respectively grip one of the wheels of the semitrailer arranged opposite one another. Accordingly, loading devices according to the invention favorably have two, four or six wheel gripping elements, which are arranged in pairs opposite one another on the base carrier.
Der Anlageschenkel und der Tragschenkel eines jeweiligen Greifbügels sind günstigerweise derart abgewinkelt aneinander fixiert, dass sich ein insgesamt L-förmiger Greifbügel hieraus ergibt. Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Tragschenkel und der Anlageschenkel des jeweiligen Greifbügels relativ zueinander in einem Winkel von 90° bis 100°, vorzugsweise von 92° bis 98° angeordnet sind. Insbesondere solche Ausgestaltungsformen werden auch als L-förmig angesehen. In bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsformen sind der Tragschenkel und der Anlageschenkel eines jeweiligen Greifbügels einstückig ausgebildet. Dies bedeutet, dass sie aus einem Stück gefertigt sind. Bevorzugt handelt es sich beim Greifbügel um einen gebogenen oder entsprechend abgewinkelten Rundstahlkörper, vorzugsweise aus hochfestem Stahl, insbesondere Rundstahl. Als hochfest werden Stähle mit Zugfestigkeiten zwischen 500 N/mm2 und 1.200 N/mm2, vorwiegend aber zwischen 700 N/mm2 und 1.000 N/mm2 bezeichnet. Der Durchmesser von Tragschenkel und/oder Anlageschenkel liegt bevorzugt zwischen 55 und 90mm. In bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsformen bildet der Anlageschenkel den kürzeren und der Tragschenkel den längeren Schenkel des Greifbügels.The plant leg and the support leg of each gripper bar are conveniently angled fixed to each other, that results in a total L-shaped gripping bracket thereof. It can be provided that the support leg and the abutment leg of the respective gripper arm are arranged relative to one another at an angle of 90 ° to 100 °, preferably from 92 ° to 98 °. In particular, such embodiments are also considered L-shaped. In preferred embodiments, the support leg and the abutment leg of a respective gripper arm are integrally formed. This means that they are made in one piece. The gripper bar is preferably a curved or correspondingly angled round steel body, preferably made of high-strength steel, in particular round steel. Steels with tensile strengths between 500 N / mm 2 and 1,200 N / mm 2 , but predominantly between 700 N / mm 2 and 1,000 N / mm 2 are referred to as high-strength. The diameter of support legs and / or plant leg is preferably between 55 and 90mm. In preferred embodiments of the plant leg forms the shorter and the support leg, the longer leg of the gripper bar.
Der Vollständigkeit halber wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Bezeichnung der permanent abgewinkelten Anordnung von Anlageschenkel und Tragschenkel relativ zueinander lediglich besagt, dass Anlageschenkel und Tragschenkel grundsätzlich in einem Winkel, also nicht parallel zueinander, angeordnet sind. Ob der Übergangsbereich zwischen Tragschenkel und Anlageschenkel dabei tatsächlich in Form eines scharfen Winkels oder in Form eines gebogenen Übergangs ausgeführt ist, ist nicht weiter erheblich. Beides ist möglich und fällt unter den Begriff abgewinkelt.For the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that the designation of the permanently angled arrangement of bearing limb and support leg relative to one another merely states that the support limb and support leg are basically arranged at an angle, ie not parallel to one another. Whether the transition region between support leg and plant leg is actually executed in the form of a sharp angle or in the form of a curved transition, is not significant. Both is possible and falls under the term angled.
Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsformen der Erfindung sehen auch vor, dass der Anlageschenkel mit dem Tragschenkel gemeinsam um einen Schwenkwinkel von im Wesentlichen 90°, vorzugsweise von exakt 90°, zwischen einer ersten Endlage und einer zweiten Endlage hin und her schwenkbar ist. Die erste Endlage ist dabei die, in der der Anlageschenkel in seiner Endstellung an der Lauffläche des Rades anliegt. Die zweite Endlage ist die, in der der Anlageschenkel die Lauffläche des Rades vollständig freigibt. Im Wesentlichen 90° bedeutet dabei ein Winkelbereich von 90° +/- 10°, vorzugsweise +/- 5°. In der zweiten Endlage ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Breite des Radgreifelementes zumindest im Bereich des Greifbügels und des Schwenklagers der Breite des Tragschenkels bzw. des Anlageschenkels entspricht. In anderen Worten ist in dieser zweiten Endlage günstigerweise vorgesehen, dass das Schwenklager nicht in der Breitenrichtung über den Anlageschenkel oder den Tragschenkel übersteht. Die zweite Endlage ist dabei die, in der der Greifbügel und damit insbesondere der Anlageschenkel und auch der Tragschenkel in den relativ engen Bereich zwischen dem Rad des Sattelanhängers und der Seitenwand des Eisenbahntaschenwagens eingeführt und aus diesem Bereich auch wieder herausgezogen wird. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsformen der Erfindung sehen vor, dass der Anlageschenkel in der zweiten Endlage mit seinem vom Tragschenkel abgewandten freien Ende schräg nach oben zeigt. Bevorzugte Varianten der Erfindung sehen in diesem Zusammenhang vor, dass die Schwenkachsen, um die die Tragschenkel jeweils schwenkbar an dem Schwenklager des jeweiligen Radgreifelements gelagert sind, in einer Seitenansicht auf die Verladevorrichtung gesehen in einem spitzen Winkel, vorzugsweise in einem Winkel von 5° bis 25°, gegenüber der Vertikalen angeordnet sind. Diese Anordnung in einem spitzen Winkel gegen die Vertikale ermöglicht eine gute Krafteinleitung der Last des Rades am Anlageschenkel über den Tragschenkel und das Schwenklager in den Grundträger. Die Seitenansicht ist dabei eine Ansicht, bei der man in einer Richtung parallel zu den Rotationsachsen der Räder des an der Verladevorrichtung befestigten Sattelanhängers, also von der Seite her, auf die Verladevorrichtung sieht. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Schwenkachsen in dieser Seitenansicht in einem spitzen Winkel von 10° bis 20° gegenüber der Vertikalen angeordnet. All diese Merkmale bevorzugter Ausgestaltungsformen erlauben eine besonders kompakte und stabile Ausführung der Radgreifelemente.Preferred embodiments of the invention also provide that the abutment leg with the support leg together by a pivot angle of substantially 90 °, preferably of exactly 90 °, between a first end position and a second end position is pivotable back and forth. The first end position is the one in which the plant leg rests in its end position on the running surface of the wheel. The second end position is the one in which the plant leg completely releases the running surface of the wheel. Essentially 90 ° means an angular range of 90 ° +/- 10 °, preferably +/- 5 °. In the second end position, it is preferably provided that the width of the wheel gripping element, at least in the region of the gripper arm and the pivot bearing, corresponds to the width of the support leg or of the support leg. In other words, it is advantageously provided in this second end position that the pivot bearing is not in the width direction over the plant leg or the Supporting leg survives. The second end position is the one in which the gripper bar and thus in particular the plant leg and the support leg is inserted into the relatively narrow region between the wheel of the semitrailer and the side wall of the railway pocket car and pulled out of this area again. Preferred embodiments of the invention provide that the plant leg in the second end position with its free end facing away from the supporting leg obliquely upwards. Preferred variants of the invention provide in this context that the pivot axes about which the support legs are each mounted pivotably on the pivot bearing of the respective Radgreifelements, viewed in a side view of the loading device at an acute angle, preferably at an angle of 5 ° to 25 °, are arranged opposite the vertical. This arrangement at an acute angle to the vertical allows a good application of force of the load of the wheel on the plant leg on the support legs and the pivot bearing in the base support. The side view is a view in which one sees in a direction parallel to the axes of rotation of the wheels of the semitrailer attached to the loading device, ie from the side, on the loading device. Particularly preferably, the pivot axes are arranged in this side view at an acute angle of 10 ° to 20 ° relative to the vertical. All of these features preferred embodiments allow a particularly compact and stable design of Radgreifelemente.
Bevorzugte Varianten der Erfindung sehen vor, dass man den Schwenkantrieb zum gemeinsamen Verschwenken des Anlageschenkels und des Tragschenkels um die Schwenkachse so anordnet, dass er auch dann, wenn die Verladevorrichtung samt Sattelanhänger auf dem Eisenbahntaschenwagen steht, oberhalb der Seitenwand des Taschenwagens angeordnet ist. In diesem Sinne sehen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsformen der Erfindung vor, dass ein Schwenkantrieb zum gemeinsamen Verschwenken des Anlageschenkels mit dem Tragschenkel um die Schwenkachse auf einer vom Anlageschenkel abgewandten Seite am Tragschenkel angreift. In diesem Sinne ist es günstig, wenn, in der Betriebsstellung der Verladevorrichtung gesehen, der vertikale Abstand zwischen der Unterkante des Schwenkantriebs und der Oberkante des Anlageschenkels zumindest 400 mm, vorzugsweise zumindest 500 mm beträgt.Preferred variants of the invention provide that one arranges the pivot drive for the common pivoting of the abutment leg and the support leg about the pivot axis so that even when the loading device including semi-trailer is on the railway bag car, above the side wall of the bag cart. In this sense, preferred embodiments of the invention provide that a pivot drive for common pivoting of the abutment leg engages with the support leg about the pivot axis on a side facing away from the plant leg on the support legs. In this sense, it is favorable if, seen in the operating position of the loading device, the vertical distance between the lower edge of the Semi-rotary drive and the upper edge of the support leg is at least 400 mm, preferably at least 500 mm.
Um den Platzbedarf, in dem Bereich des Radgreifelementes, in dem es in den engen Raum zwischen Rad des Sattelanhängers und Außenwand des Eisenbahntaschenwagens eingeführt werden muss, möglichst gering zu halten, sehen bevorzugte Varianten der Erfindung auch vor, dass der Tragschenkel in einem vom Anlageschenkel des jeweiligen Greifbügels abgewandten Abschnitt vom Schwenklager zu zumindest 270°, vorzugsweise vollständig, umfangsgeschlossen umgriffen ist und in einem dem Anlageschenkel des jeweiligen Greifbügels zugewandten Abschnitt ausschließlich mit einem Teilbereich seines Umfangs am Schwenklager abgestützt ist. Dadurch, dass man den Tragschenkel in dem, dem Anlageschenkel zugewandten Abschnitt ausschließlich bzw. nur mit einem Teilbereich seines Umfangs und damit eben nicht umfangsgeschlossen am Schwenklager abstützt, ergibt sich in diesem Bereich wiederum eine sehr schlanke Bauweise des Radgreifelementes, was wiederum das Einführen und das Herausnehmen dieses Teils des Radgreifelementes aus dem engen Bereich zwischen dem Rad des Sattelaufliegers und der Seitenwand des Eisenbahntaschenwagens erleichtert. Zu zumindest 270° umfangsgeschlossen bedeutet, dass der Tragschenkel an dieser Stelle zumindest über ¾ seines Umfangs umgriffen ist. Vollständig umfangsgeschlossen entspricht einem vollständigen Umgreifen um 360°. In dem, dem Anlageschenkel zugewandten Abschnitt ist der Tragschenkel hingegen nur in einem Teilbereich seines Umfangs, vorzugsweise über höchstens 180°, am Schwenklager abgestützt. Das Schwenklager kann aus einer oberen Lagerplatte und einer unteren Lagerplatte ausgebildet sein, wobei die obere Lagerplatte den Tragschenkel in der Regel unter Zwischenlage eines entsprechenden Lagers zu zumindest 270°, vorzugsweise vollständig, umfangsgeschlossen umgreift, während der Tragschenkel an der unteren Lagerplatte an einer deren Schmalseiten, vorzugsweise in einer entsprechend gerundeten Ausnehmung, gelagert ist. Um die Reibungskräfte zwischen unterer Lagerplatte und Tragschenkel aber auch zwischen oberer Lagerplatte und Tragschenkel möglichst gering zu halten, kann gegebenenfalls jeweils eine entsprechende Schmierung oder aber auch ein anderes Gleitlager wie z.B. ein Kunststoffgleitlager oder Metallgleitlager vorgesehen sein. Die Dicke der unteren Lagerplatte ist günstigerweise höchstens so groß, also kleiner oder gleich groß, wie die Dicke des Tragschenkels. In Winkeln ausgedrückt, ist der dem Anlageschenkel zugewandte Abschnitt des Tragschenkels günstigerweise über einen Winkel zwischen 140° und 180°, vorzugsweise zwischen 160° und 170° seines Umfangs am Schwenklager abgestützt, wobei 360°, wie oben bereits ausgeführt, einem vollkommen umfangsgeschlossenen Umgreifen gleichkommen würde. Durch diese Ausgestaltungsform wird eine sehr schlanke und trotzdem sehr stabile Abstützung des jeweiligen Greifbügels erreicht.In order to keep the space required in the area of the wheel gripping element, in which it must be inserted into the narrow space between the wheel of the semitrailer and the outer wall of the railroad car, as low as possible, preferred variants of the invention also provide that the support leg in one of the plant leg of the each gripping bar remote from the pivot bearing to at least 270 °, preferably completely, circumferentially closed is encompassed and is supported in a the plant leg of the respective gripping bar facing portion exclusively with a portion of its circumference on the pivot bearing. The fact that one supports the support legs in the, the plant leg-facing portion exclusively or only with a portion of its circumference and thus not circumferentially closed on the pivot bearing, in turn results in this area a very slim design of the Radgreifelementes, which in turn the insertion and the Removing this part of the Radgreifelementes made easier from the narrow area between the wheel of the semi-trailer and the side wall of the railway bag wagon. To at least 270 ° circumferentially closed means that the supporting leg is encompassed at least over ¾ of its circumference at this point. Completely circumferentially closed corresponds to a complete encompassing 360 °. In the, the plant leg facing portion of the support leg, however, is supported only in a portion of its circumference, preferably over at most 180 °, the pivot bearing. The pivot bearing may be formed of an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate, wherein the upper bearing plate generally surrounds the support leg with the interposition of a corresponding bearing at least 270 °, preferably completely, circumferentially, while the support leg on the lower bearing plate at one of its narrow sides , preferably in a correspondingly rounded recess, is mounted. In order to keep the frictional forces between the lower bearing plate and support legs but also between upper bearing plate and support legs as low as possible, one can optionally each appropriate lubrication or even another plain bearing such as a plastic plain bearing or metal plain bearings may be provided. The thickness of the lower bearing plate is conveniently at most as large, so less than or equal to the thickness of the support leg. Expressed in angles, the portion of the support leg facing the abutment leg is favorably supported at an angle between 140 ° and 180 °, preferably between 160 ° and 170 ° of its circumference on the pivot bearing, wherein 360 °, as stated above, equate to a completely circumferentially closed encompassing would. By this embodiment, a very slim, yet very stable support of the respective gripper bar is achieved.
Der Schwenkantrieb zum gemeinsamen Verschwenken des Tragschenkels und des Anlageschenkels um die Schwenkachse kann grundsätzlich sehr unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Günstigerweise weist er ein motorisches Antriebselement, welches z.B. als Ölmotor, Getriebemotor, Schneckenradelektromotor oder dergleichen ausgeführt sein kann, auf. Die Antriebswelle des Schwenkantriebs ist günstigerweise achsparallel zur Schwenkachse bzw. zum Tragschenkel ausgerichtet. Alternativ können als Antriebselemente auch Linearantriebe wie z.B. pneumatische oder hydraulische Zylinder oder Zahnstangen oder Spindelantriebe eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugte Varianten sehen vor, dass der Schwenkantrieb einen Hebelmechanismus umfasst. Es kann z.B. vorgesehen sein, dass ein bzw. der Schwenkantrieb zum gemeinsamen Verschwenken des Anlageschenkels mit dem Tragschenkel um die Schwenkachse eine Abfolge von, vorzugsweise zwei oder drei, schwenkbar miteinander verbundenen Übertragungshebeln aufweist, wobei ein an einem Ende der Abfolge angeordneter Übertragungshebel drehfest mit dem Tragschenkel verbunden ist und ein Antriebselement des Schwenkantriebs zum Verschwenken auf einen der Übertragungshebel einwirkt. Das Antriebselement des Schwenkantriebs kann an dem Übertragungshebel angreifen, welcher in der Abfolge dem Tragschenkel gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist. Das Antriebselement kann aber genauso gut an einem anderen Übertragungshebel angreifen. Bevorzugte Varianten sehen jedenfalls vor, dass die sich an den Enden der Abfolge befindenden Übertragungshebel jeweils um eine ortsfeste, z.B. am Schwenklager angeordnete Achse schwenkbar sind, während die Schwenkgelenke zwischen den Übertragungshebeln nicht ortsfest fixiert sein müssen.The pivot drive for common pivoting of the support leg and the support arm about the pivot axis can basically be designed very differently. Conveniently, it has a motor drive element, which may be embodied, for example, as an oil motor, geared motor, worm wheel electric motor or the like. The drive shaft of the pivot drive is favorably aligned axially parallel to the pivot axis or to the supporting leg. Alternatively, as drive elements and linear drives such as pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders or racks or spindle drives can be used. Preferred variants provide that the pivot drive comprises a lever mechanism. It can be provided, for example, that one or the pivot drive for common pivoting of the abutment leg with the supporting leg about the pivot axis has a sequence of, preferably two or three, pivotally interconnected transmission levers, wherein arranged at one end of the sequence transmission lever rotationally fixed to the Carrying leg is connected and a drive element of the rotary actuator acts to pivot on one of the transmission lever. The drive element of the pivot drive can engage the transmission lever, which is arranged opposite the support leg in sequence. The drive element can just as well attack on another transmission lever. In any case, preferred variants provide that the transmission levers located at the ends of the sequence are in each case arranged around a stationary, for example, on the pivot bearing Axis are pivotable, while the pivot joints between the transmission levers need not be fixed in place.
Um den Schwenkantrieb bzw. das vorzugsweise motorische Antriebselement in der ersten Endlage, in der der Anlageschenkel an der Lauffläche des Rades anliegt, zu entlasten, sehen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsformen vor, dass zumindest zwei der Übertragungshebel der Abfolge in der ersten Endlage in einer geraden Ausrichtung hintereinander angeordnet oder über einen Totpunkt hinweg geführt und im letzteren Fall an einem Anschlag abgestützt sind. Hierdurch wird eine Selbstarretierung des Schwenkantriebes erreicht, sodass das Antriebselement keine Kräfte mehr aufbringen muss, um diese Endlage des Anlageschenkels zu halten. Die hintereinander gerade ausgerichteten Übertragungshebel verhalten sich dabei wie ein gestreckter Kniehebel. Durch diese Anordnung wird erreicht, dass das auf den Anlageschenkel des Greifbügels durch die Spreizkraft der Radlast erzeugte Schwenkmoment so aufgenommen wird, dass auf das Antriebselement kein oder nur noch ein unwesentliches Drehmoment einwirkt. Durch die gestreckt angeordneten Übertragungshebel wird also eine Art Drehmomentsperre erreicht. In dem Fall, in dem die Übertragungshebel über einen Totpunkt hinweg geführt und an einem Anschlag abgestützt sind, nehmen sie günstigerweise einen Winkel zwischen 181° und 195°, bevorzugt zwischen 183° und 187°, zueinander ein.In order to relieve the pivot drive or the preferably motor drive element in the first end position in which abuts the plant leg on the tread of the wheel, preferred embodiments provide that at least two of the transmission lever of the sequence in the first end position in a straight alignment arranged one behind the other or guided over a dead center and in the latter case are supported on a stop. As a result, a self-locking of the pivot drive is achieved, so that the drive element no longer has to muster forces to keep this end position of the plant leg. The successive straight aligned transmission lever behave like a stretched toggle. By this arrangement it is achieved that the pivotal moment generated on the contact leg of the gripper arm by the spreading force of the wheel load is absorbed so that no or only an insignificant torque acts on the drive element. Due to the stretched arranged transfer lever so a kind of torque lock is achieved. In the case where the transmission levers are guided over a dead center and supported on a stop, they favorably assume an angle between 181 ° and 195 °, preferably between 183 ° and 187 °, to each other.
Befindet sich hingegen der Anlageschenkel in seiner anderen, als der zweiten Endlage zur Freigabe der Lauffläche des Rades, so sollten die Übertragungshebel nicht gerade hintereinander ausgerichtet sein. Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Übertragungshebel in dieser zweiten Endlage in einem stumpfen Winkel zwischen 120° und 175°, vorzugsweise zwischen 155° und 170° relativ zueinander angeordnet sind. Bevorzugte Varianten des Schwenkantriebs sehen jedenfalls vor, dass ausgehend von der zweiten Endlage auf dem Weg hin zur ersten Endlage der Schwenkantrieb zunächst mit relativ geringem Drehmoment relativ große Schwenkwinkel des Anlageschenkels erzeugt, während, je näher der Anlageschenkel zu seiner ersten Endlage kommt, die Drehwinkelübersetzung ab und die Drehmomentübersetzung zunimmt. Für die Bewegung in die entgegengesetzte Richtung gilt das Umgekehrte. Dies kann auch durch alternative Ausgestaltungsformen des Schwenkantriebs erreicht werden. Alternative Ausgestaltungsformen des Schwenkantriebs wären z.B. Zahnradgetriebe, Zahnriemen, Antriebsketten, Gelenkwellen und dergleichen. Wenn bei diesen alternativen Schwenkantrieben keine Selbstarretierung, wie z.B. durch die gestreckten Übertragungsschenkel erreicht werden kann, so kann auch eine zusätzliche Sperrvorrichtung zum Festhalten des Anlageschenkels in seiner ersten Endlage an der Lauffläche des Rades zusätzlich vorgesehen sein. Als Schwenkantrieb wäre es z.B. auch denkbar, die Greifbügel und damit den Anlageschenkel mittels eines Hydraulik- oder Pneumatikzylinders zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Endlage hin und her zu schwenken. Eine Sperrung in der ersten Endlage könnte dann z.B. durch Absperren des in dem Zylinder wirkenden Fluides erreicht werden.If, on the other hand, the bearing limb is in its other position than the second end position for releasing the running surface of the wheel, then the transmission levers should not be aligned one behind the other. It is preferably provided that the transmission lever in this second end position are arranged at an obtuse angle between 120 ° and 175 °, preferably between 155 ° and 170 ° relative to each other. In any case, preferred variants of the pivoting drive provide that, starting from the second end position on the way to the first end position, the pivot drive initially generates relatively large pivot angles of the contact leg with a relatively low torque, while the closer the contact limb comes to its first end position, the rotational angle transmission decreases and the torque ratio increases. For the movement in the opposite Direction applies the reverse. This can also be achieved by alternative embodiments of the rotary actuator. Alternative embodiments of the rotary actuator would be, for example, gear transmission, timing belt, drive chains, drive shafts and the like. If in these alternative rotary actuators no self-locking, such as can be achieved by the stretched transmission legs, it may also be provided in addition to an additional locking device for holding the abutment leg in its first end position on the tread of the wheel. As a pivot drive, for example, it would also be conceivable to pivot the gripper bar and thus the plant leg by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder between the first and the second end position back and forth. Blocking in the first end position could then be achieved, for example, by shutting off the fluid acting in the cylinder.
Unabhängig von der jeweiligen Ausgestaltungsform sehen bevorzugte Varianten der Erfindung jedenfalls vor, dass jedem Greifbügel ein eigener Schwenkantrieb zugeordnet ist.Regardless of the particular embodiment, preferred variants of the invention provide, in any case, for each gripper bar to have its own pivoting drive.
Um die Position der Radgreifelemente relativ zum Grundträger der Verladevorrichtung an die Radabstände des jeweiligen Sattelanhängers anpassen zu können, sehen bevorzugte Varianten erfindungsgemäßer Verladevorrichtungen vor, dass die Radgreifelemente einzeln in einer Längsrichtung der Verladevorrichtung relativ zum Grundträger längsverstellbar am Grundträger gelagert sind. Günstigerweise handelt es sich dabei um eine motorisch angetriebene Verstellung. Um die Radgreifelemente auch an die jeweiligen Durchmesser der Räder anpassen zu können, sehen bevorzugte Varianten vor, dass jeder Greifbügel einzeln in einer Längsrichtung der Verladevorrichtung, wiederum vorzugsweise motorisch angetrieben, relativ zum Grundträger längsverstellbar am Grundträger gelagert ist. Die Längsrichtung der Verladevorrichtung verläuft dabei in einer Betriebsstellung der Verladevorrichtung zum Befestigen des Sattelanhängers an dem Grundträger, vorzugsweise horizontal. Als motorische Antriebe zum längsverstellen der Radgreifelemente und/oder der Greifbügel in Längsrichtung der Verladevorrichtung können verschiedene, an sich bekannte Antriebselemente wie z.B. Zahnstangengetriebe, Spindelgetriebe, pneumatische oder hydraulische Zylinderantriebe oder andere an sich bekannte Linearantriebe eingesetzt werden. Weitere alternative Antriebe sind Trapezgewindespindeln, Kugelspindelantriebe, Zahnstangenantriebe, Triebstockantriebe usw.. Vorzugsweise ist jedenfalls jedem Radgreifelemente und bevorzugt jedem Greifbügel ein eigener Antrieb zur Verstellung in Längsrichtung der Verladevorrichtung zugeordnet.In order to be able to adapt the position of the wheel gripping elements relative to the base carrier of the loading device to the wheel spacings of the respective semitrailer, preferred variants of loading devices according to the invention provide that the wheel gripping elements are individually longitudinally displaceably mounted on the base carrier in a longitudinal direction of the loading device relative to the base carrier. Conveniently, this is a motor-driven adjustment. In order to be able to adapt the wheel gripping elements to the respective diameters of the wheels, preferred variants provide that each gripper bar is mounted longitudinally displaceable relative to the base carrier individually on the base carrier in a longitudinal direction of the loading device, again preferably driven by a motor. The longitudinal direction of the loading device runs in an operating position of the loading device for attaching the semi-trailer to the base support, preferably horizontally. As motor drives for längsverstellen the Radgreifelemente and / or the gripping arms in the longitudinal direction of the loading device can be different, known per se drive elements such as Rack and pinion, spindle gear, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder drives or other known linear actuators can be used. Further alternative drives are trapezoidal threaded spindles, ball screw drives, rack drives, drive train drives, etc .. Preferably, each wheel gripping elements and preferably each gripper bar is assigned a separate drive for adjustment in the longitudinal direction of the loading device.
Um das Einbringen der Greifbügel und insbesondere deren Anlageschenkel in den beengten Raum zwischen den Rädern des auf dem Eisenbahntaschenwagens stehenden Sattelanhängers und den Seitenwandungen des Eisenbahntaschenwagens zu erleichtern, sehen besonders bevorzugte Varianten der Erfindung vor, dass die Radgreifelemente entlang zumindest einer Höhenverstellbahn relativ zum Grundträger, vorzugsweise motorisch angetrieben, höhenverstellbar am Grundträger gelagert sind und die Höhenverstellbahn, in einer Längsansicht auf die Verladevorrichtung gesehen, in einem spitzen Winkel, vorzugsweise größer 0° und von höchstens 10°, gegenüber der Vertikalen angeordnet ist. In anderen Worten verlaufen die Höhenverstellbahnen, in einer Ansicht von hinten und auch von vorne auf die Verladevorrichtung gesehen, in den genannten spitzen Winkel relativ zur Vertikalen. Betrachtet man die einander gegenüberliegenden Höhenverstellbahnen für einander gegenüberliegend angeordnete Radgreifelemente, so sind die Höhenverstellbahnen nach unten aufeinander zu gerichtet. Die Längsansicht ist jedenfalls eine Ansicht aus einer Richtung parallel zur Längserstreckung des Sattelanhängers, wenn die Verladevorrichtung am Sattelanhänger befestigt ist.In order to facilitate the introduction of the gripper arms and in particular their investment legs in the cramped space between the wheels of the stationary on the railway bag trailer semitrailer and the side walls of the railway bag wagon, particularly preferred variants of the invention provide that the Radgreifelemente along at least one Höhenverstellbahn relative to the base support, preferably motor-driven, height-adjustable are mounted on the base support and the height adjustment, seen in a longitudinal view of the loading device, at an acute angle, preferably greater than 0 ° and at most 10 °, is arranged relative to the vertical. In other words, the Höhenverstellbahnen seen in a view from behind and also from the front of the loading device, in said acute angle relative to the vertical. If you consider the opposing Höhenverstellbahnen for oppositely arranged Radgreifelemente, the Höhenverstellbahnen are directed towards each other down. The longitudinal view is in any case a view from a direction parallel to the longitudinal extent of the semitrailer when the loading device is attached to the semitrailer.
Weitere Merkmale und Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand von bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsformen in der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung erläutert. Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 verschiedene Darstellungen zu einem Verladevorgang eines Sattelanhängers mittels einer erfindungsgemäßen Verladevorrichtung;bis 14 -
Fig. 15 Detaildarstellungen zu einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Radgreifelementes einer solchen Verladevorrichtung;bis 21 -
Fig. 22 den Schnitt GG ausFig. 21 ; -
Fig. 23 den Schnitt HH ausFig. 21 ; -
Fig. 24 Detaildarstellungen zu einer alternativen Ausgestaltungsform eines Radgreifelementes für erfindungsgemäße Verladevorrichtungen;bis 26 -
Fig. 27 Darstellungen einer weiteren Alternative für ein Radgreifelement einer erfindungsgemäßen Verladevorrichtung;bis 29 -
Fig. 30 eine Alternative zuFig.22 ; -
Fig. 31 eine erste Variante einer Stützvorrichtung zur Abstützung einer Aufliegerplatte eines Sattelanhängers, so wie sie in denbis 38Fig. 1 realisiert ist undbis 14 -
Fig. 39 Darstellungen zu einer alternativen Ausführungsform einer Stützvorrichtung.bis 46
-
Fig. 1 to 14 various illustrations of a loading operation of a semitrailer by means of a loading device according to the invention; -
Fig. 15 to 21 Detailed views of a first embodiment of a Radgreifelementes such a loading device; -
Fig. 22 the cut GGFig. 21 ; -
Fig. 23 the cut HH offFig. 21 ; -
FIGS. 24 to 26 Details of an alternative embodiment of a Radgreifelementes for loading devices according to the invention; -
Fig. 27 to 29 Representations of another alternative for a Radgreifelement a loading device according to the invention; -
Fig. 30 an alternative toFigure 22 ; -
FIGS. 31 to 38 a first variant of a support device for supporting a semi-trailer plate of a semitrailer, as in theFig. 1 to 14 is realized and -
FIGS. 39 to 46 Representations of an alternative embodiment of a support device.
In
Jeder der Greifbügel 8 weist einen Anlageschenkel 10 zur Anlage an der Lauffläche 11 des jeweiligen Rades 9 des Sattelanhängers 2 und einen Tragschenkel 12 auf. Gemäß der Erfindung ist nun, wie eingangs bereits erläutert, vorgesehen, dass bei jedem Greifbügel 8 der Anlageschenkel 10 permanent abgewinkelt zum Tragschenkel 12 angeordnet und starr am Tragschenkel 12 fixiert ist. Der Anlageschenkel 10 ist gemäß der Erfindung gemeinsam mit dem Tragschenkel 12 um eine, in diesem Beispiel in Längsrichtung 13 des Tragschenkels 12 verlaufende, Schwenkachse 14 schwenkbar an einem weiter hinten noch im Detail erläuterten Schwenklager 15 des jeweiligen Radgreifelementes 7 gelagert.Each of the
Wie bereits eingangs erläutert, ist es günstig, wenn die Radgreifelemente 7 einzeln in Längsrichtung 26 der Verladevorrichtung 1 relativ zum Grundträger 4 längsverstellbar am Grundträger 4 gelagert sind. Besagte Längsrichtung 26 der Verladevorrichtung 1 verläuft in der Betriebsstellung der Verladevorrichtung 1 zum Befestigen des Sattelanhängers 2, wie sie in den
Zur Realisierung dieser Längsverschiebbarkeit entlang der Längsverstellbahn 33 sind verschiedenste, eingangs bereits genannte, Antriebsmöglichkeiten beim Stand der Technik bekannt. Günstigerweise handelt es sich jeweils um eine motorisch angetriebene Verstellmöglichkeit. Es kann sich z.B. um Zahnstangengetriebe, Spindelgetriebe, pneumatische oder hydraulische Zylinderantriebe oder andere an sich bekannte Linearantriebe handeln.To realize this longitudinal displacement along the Längsverstellbahn 33 a variety of, initially mentioned, drive options in the prior art are known. Conveniently, each is a motorized adjustment. It may, for example, rack-and-pinion, spindle gear, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder drives or other known linear actuators act.
Die
Im Folgenden wird nun zunächst auf die Abstützung des Vorderteils des Sattelanhängers 2 mittels der Stützvorrichtung 5 eingegangen. Wie bereits eingangs erläutert, kann diese Abstützung des Vorderteils des Sattelanhängers 2 grundsätzlich auch, wie im vorab genannten Stand der Technik gezeigt, realisiert werden. Im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist allerdings eine spezielle Form der Stützvorrichtung 5 gezeigt, zu deren genauerer Beschreibung nun auf die
Die nachfolgende Schilderung des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Stützvorrichtung 5 gemäß der
In
Die hier realisierte Stützvorrichtung 5 weist zwei schwenkbar gelagerte Schwenkarme 31 auf. Jeder dieser Schwenkarme 31 ist über ein Schwenkarmgelenk 37 an einem der vorderen Seitenträger 45 und damit am Grundträger 4 schwenkbar gelagert. Das Verschwenken der Schwenkarme 31 um die Schwenkarmgelenke 37 kann grundsätzlich auch von Hand erfolgen. Bevorzugte Varianten, wie die hier gezeigte, weisen jedoch motorische Schwenkantriebe 36 auf, mit denen die Schwenkarme 31 um die Schwenkarmgelenke 37 geschwenkt werden können. Als Schwenkarmantriebe 36 kommen dabei alle beim Stand der Technik an sich bekannten, hierfür geeigneten Motoren und Getriebe in Frage, ohne dass hierauf im Detail eingegangen werden muss. Der Vorteil der hier realisierten Stützvorrichtung 5 gegenüber der eingangs genannten, aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Stützvorrichtung 5 liegt darin, dass diese hier realisierte Art der Stützvorrichtung 5 ein fester Bestandteil der Verladevorrichtung 1 ist und nicht wie beim eingangs genannten Stand der Technik zusammen mit dem Sattelanhänger 2 auf dem Eisenbahntaschenwagen 3 mittransportiert werden muss.The
Grundsätzlich kann die Stützvorrichtung 5 einen oder auch zwei oder mehr Schwenkarme 31 aufweisen.In principle, the
Beim Absenken der Verladevorrichtung 1 auf den Sattelanhänger 2 befinden sich die Schwenkarme 31, wie in den
In einem der beiden Schwenkarme 31 ist in Längsrichtung dieses Schwenkarmes 31 verschiebbar ein Riegel 40 angeordnet, welcher mit dem Riegelantrieb 39 aus diesem Schwenkarm 31 aus und in diesen wieder eingefahren werden kann. Beim Riegelantrieb 39 kann es sich z.B. um Zahnstangenantriebe, Spindelantriebe, aber auch um andere an sich bekannte Linearantriebe handeln. In der Endstellung gemäß der
Während die
In den
Die Entriegelung erfolgt auch hier in umgekehrter Reihenfolge ausgehend von der Stellung gemäß
Die
Im Nachfolgenden wird nun beschrieben, wie im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der Verladevorrichtung 1 die Räder 9 des Sattelanhängers 2 mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Radgreifelemente 7, hier in diesem Beispiel an den hinteren Seitenträgern 46 des Grundträgers 4 und damit allgemein gesprochen am Grundträger 4 befestigt werden. Um ausgehend von der Stellung gemäß der
In
Die
Um den Bereich des jeweiligen Radgreifelementes 7, welcher in den schmalen Zwischenraum zwischen Rad 9 und Seitenwand 41 des Eisenbahntaschenwagens 3 eingefahren wird, möglichst schmal zu halten, ist vorgesehen, dass der Schwenkantrieb 18 zum gemeinsamen Verschwenken des Anlageschenkels 10 mit dem Tragschenkel 12 um die Schwenkachse 14 auf der vom Anlageschenkel 10 abgewandten Seite am Tragschenkel 12 angreift. Dies ist in den
Im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß einsetzbaren Radgreifelementes 7 gemäß der
In der ersten Endlage gemäß der
In den Seitenansichten gemäß der
Darüber hinaus ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel auch vorgesehen, dass der Tragschenkel 12 in einem, vom Anlageschenkel 10 des jeweiligen Greifbügels 8 abgewandten Abschnitt 19 vom Schwenklager 15 umfangsgeschlossen umgriffen wird und in einem, dem Anlageschenkel 10 des jeweiligen Greifbügels 8 zugewandten Abschnitt 20 ausschließlich mit einem Teilbereich seines Umfangs am Schwenklager 15 abgestützt ist. Hierzu wird auf die
Die
Die
- 11
- VerladevorrichtungA loading
- 22
- Sattelanhängersemitrailer
- 33
- EisenbahntaschenwagenRailway pocket wagon
- 44
- Grundträgerbase support
- 55
- Stützvorrichtungsupport device
- 66
- Königszapfenkingpin
- 77
- RadgreifelementRadgreifelement
- 88th
- Greifbügelcross bow
- 99
- Radwheel
- 1010
- Anlageschenkelcontact leg
- 1111
- Laufflächetread
- 1212
- Tragschenkelsupporting leg
- 1313
- Längsrichtunglongitudinal direction
- 1414
- Schwenkachseswivel axis
- 1515
- Schwenklagerpivot bearing
- 1616
- Winkelcorner
- 1717
- Schwenkwinkelswivel angle
- 1818
- SchwenkantriebRotary actuator
- 1919
- Abschnittsection
- 2020
- Abschnittsection
- 2121
- Übertragungshebeltransmission lever
- 2222
- Übertragungshebeltransmission lever
- 2323
- Übertragungshebeltransmission lever
- 2424
- Antriebselementdriving element
- 2525
- Anschlagattack
- 2626
- Längsrichtunglongitudinal direction
- 2727
- HöhenverstellbahnHöhenverstellbahn
- 2828
- spitzer Winkelacute angle
- 2929
- Vertikalevertical
- 3030
- spitzer Winkelacute angle
- 3131
- Schwenkarmswivel arm
- 3232
- Höhenverstellantriebvertical adjustment
- 3333
- LängsverstellbahnLängsverstellbahn
- 3434
- obere Lagerplatteupper bearing plate
- 3535
- untere Lagerplattelower bearing plate
- 3636
- SchwenkantriebRotary actuator
- 3737
- Schwenkarmgelenkswivel arm
- 3838
- Führungsprofilguide profile
- 3939
- Riegelantrieblock drive
- 4040
- Riegelbars
- 4141
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 4242
- Aufliegerplatteskid plate
- 4343
- ScherenhubtischScissor
- 4444
- Stützwindesupport jack
- 4545
- vorderer Seitenträgerfront side support
- 4646
- hinterer Seitenträgerrear side support
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA407/2017A AT520569A1 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2017-10-16 | A loading |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3473580A1 true EP3473580A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
Family
ID=63490328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18192250.1A Withdrawn EP3473580A1 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2018-09-03 | Loading device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3473580A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109665440A (en) |
AT (1) | AT520569A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110285871A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-27 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司运输及经济研究所 | Weighing device and system for rolling stock |
CN112850457B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-11-28 | 芜湖中瑞汽车零部件有限公司 | Flexible protection lifting appliance |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2920917A (en) * | 1955-03-24 | 1960-01-12 | Gen Steel Castings Corp | Lifting structure for shipping container |
FR2853641A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-15 | Andre Leonard | Ordinary semi-trailer holding device for transporting trailer between transport tractor and wagon, has detachable frame that is attached with set of two arms in which horizontal branch slides under support runner of crutch |
EP1582496B1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-04-14 | ISU-System GmbH | Method for handling a semi-trailer and engaging means for carrying out this method |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0007924B1 (en) * | 1978-08-16 | 1981-09-30 | Auto-Weber GmbH & Co. KG | Device for lifting a vehicle equipped with rubber-tired wheels, especially a motor vehicle |
DE3705101C1 (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-09-15 | Goetz Siegmann | Device for lifting, lowering and horizontal transport of cars |
CN202164034U (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2012-03-14 | 天津港第二港埠有限公司 | Adjustable chemical fiber net |
CN105645251B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-11-03 | 戴光耀 | Vehicle upending frame |
-
2017
- 2017-10-16 AT ATA407/2017A patent/AT520569A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2018
- 2018-09-03 EP EP18192250.1A patent/EP3473580A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-10-16 CN CN201811202986.5A patent/CN109665440A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2920917A (en) * | 1955-03-24 | 1960-01-12 | Gen Steel Castings Corp | Lifting structure for shipping container |
FR2853641A1 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2004-10-15 | Andre Leonard | Ordinary semi-trailer holding device for transporting trailer between transport tractor and wagon, has detachable frame that is attached with set of two arms in which horizontal branch slides under support runner of crutch |
EP1582496B1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-04-14 | ISU-System GmbH | Method for handling a semi-trailer and engaging means for carrying out this method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AT520569A1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
CN109665440A (en) | 2019-04-23 |
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