EP3468861B1 - Closing device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a closure device for closing an outer skin opening of a surface ship, with a plurality of essentially vertically arranged closure slats and a drive device by means of which the closure slats can be acted upon for displacement between a closing position and an opening position.

Such closure devices are generally used in surface ships used for military purposes to close spaces arranged within the outer skin of the ship and, if necessary, to open them to the outside. These rooms serve, for example, as storage spaces for dinghies, which can be launched from the rooms with the locking device open, for which purpose, for example, a lifting device can be provided.

The closure device has to withstand the same loads in terms of water pressure and shock as the outer skin of the ship and must therefore be designed in accordance with the outer skin in terms of strength.

The JP 2004 026 091 A describes a cover for a helicopter hangar of a naval ship, which is designed using vertical shutter slats, the cover being designed with a low signature in mind. Furthermore, from the DE 102 56 984 B4 a covering device for a recess in an outer hull of a ship is known, the recess being part of a launcher for discharging mortar and/or rocket-like ammunition. This covering device is also designed with a good signature in mind. The DE 10 2004 035 640 A1 shows a closure for an entry opening to a cabin of a sailing boat with horizontally arranged closure slats. However, this prior art mentioned does not pay attention to the structural design of the closure or the cover with regard to the effects of sea impact or shock. From the FR 2 925 567 A1 For example, a device is known with an accordion-pleated shutter formed from a series of motorized blades pivotally connected with respect to each other by articulation units, ie hinges. Transverse edges of a wing have support and guide elements or rubble, each of which is guided by curved parallel sliders. The sliders consist of side posts or parallel lower or upper cross members of a peripheral frame. The slides have a length less than or equal to the sum of the width of the blades, so that the shutter has a zigzag or rectilinear shape when extended. From the US 2,753,828 A a device for closing ship hatches is known. From the FR 1 248 636 A is a method for articulately connecting movable elements and various movable elements, in particular panels of locking devices including the Application known. The method is used to connect two movable elements through a joint.

Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to improve a closure device in terms of resistance to the effects of sea impact or shock.

The object is achieved by a closure device for closing an outer skin opening of a surface ship, according to claim 1.

According to the invention it is now provided that the forces arising as a result of sea impact or a shock are introduced via the sliding elements into the upper and lower guide rails and from there into the ship structure. This means that there is no need to guide the shutter slats in the guide rails via rollers.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that an even number of closure slats is provided, each of which can be moved in equal parts to opposite sides of the outer skin opening into the opening position. On the one hand, this creates the prerequisite for the drive device to be of simple construction, since the applied loading can be applied symmetrically to both parts of the closure blades. On the other hand, this ensures that the closure slats are stowed equally on both sides of the outer skin opening in the open position.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that mutually facing end faces of the sliding elements of adjacent closure slats are in an operative connection to one another via a pressure transmission area in such a way that a longitudinal force applied to the closure slats in a displacement direction to assume the opening position generates a transverse force component on the pressure transmission area. This advantageously ensures that the kinematics initiated for unfolding the closure elements when moving into the opening position are controlled only via the shape of the sliding elements, in particular their end faces, and no additional movable and/or actuated components need to be provided. In particular, it can be provided that the pressure transmission area of the end faces the sliding elements are designed as a rounded contour, for mutual rolling of adjacent sliding elements when assuming the opening position. This ensures a low-wear relative movement between the sliding elements. Furthermore, the behavior of the closure slats when unfolded can be specifically influenced or changed by designing the contour in terms of curvature.

According to the invention, the sliding elements of adjacent closure blades are each connected to one another via connecting members. This ensures, in particular, a transmission of force between the closure slats when moving from the opening position to the closing position. Furthermore, the connecting links take on a guiding function between the closure slats when moving from the closed position to the open position.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the drive device acts on at least one of the closure slats for displacement between the closed position and the opening position and indirectly acts on the other closure slats via the at least one closure slat. This arrangement ensures that the closure slats, which are only indirectly connected to the drive device, can unfold into the open position independently of the drive device.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the drive device comprises at least one roller chain, via which the at least one closure lamella is acted upon for displacement between the closed position and the open position. A roller chain is an easy-to-use and robust drive means.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the upper and lower guide rails comprise sliding surfaces made of plastic for guiding the sliding elements in a lateral direction and a vertical direction. The plastic sliding surfaces make it possible for the locking slats to slide with little friction, as well as to transfer the loads in the event of a sea impact and in the event of a shock to the ship's structure.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the closure slats are made of a CFRP, GRP, steel or aluminum material. This means that the shutter slats are able to withstand the water pressure.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the guide rails have an inner and an outer lateral guide stop in the direction of displacement of the closure slats relative to the outer skin opening. This ensures that the locking slats are guided on both sides in the guide rails.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the inner lateral guide stop extends with a shorter course in the direction of the closed position of the closure slats than the outer lateral guide stop. This ensures that at least some of the closure slats can be released from the guide rails in the direction of the interior of the ship in such a way that they can be folded up and brought into the open position. An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the guide rails each have a guide groove running in a displacement direction. The guide groove ensures that the closure slats continue to be guided by the guide rails, even though they are in a displacement position in which they are already released from the guide rails towards the interior of the ship.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the sliding elements have a guide pin, via which the sliding elements are held in the guide grooves for guidance in the direction of displacement. The guide bolt ensures that the locking slats can pivot in a controlled manner with respect to the guide rails as soon as the locking slats are in a displacement position in which they are already released from the guide rails towards the interior of the ship.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the guide pin is arranged in the area of one of the end faces of the sliding elements, with adjacent sliding elements being arranged relative to one another in such a way that those end faces in whose area the guide pins are arranged, or the correspondingly opposite end faces, in their area no guide pins are arranged, each lying opposite one another. This ensures that two opposing end faces of the sliding elements are alternately guided in the guide groove or are not guided. This achieves the alternating folding of the closure slats against each other while taking the opening position, since the closure slats can pivot away in the direction of the interior of the ship in the area in which the end faces of the sliding elements are not guided in the guide groove by means of guide bolts, as soon as the sliding elements are removed from the Guide rails have been released towards the inside of the ship.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a pressing device by means of which the two outer closure slats can be pressed into a closed position towards the outside of the ship against an external stop.

Figur 1

ein Überwasserschiff mit zwei Außenhautöffnungen und diese abdeckende Verschlussvorrichtungen;

Figuren 2a, 2b

zwei Ausgestaltungen einer Verschlusslamelle;

Figur 3

eine Draufsicht einer Verschlussvorrichtung;

Figur 4

eine weitere Draufsicht einer Verschlussvorrichtung;

Figur 5

eine weitere Draufsicht einer Verschlussvorrichtung;

Figur 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Verschlussvorrichtung;

Figur 7

eine Detailansicht zweier Gleitelemente einer Verschlussvorrichtung und

Figuren 8a, 8b

zwei Detailansichten eines in einer Führungsschiene der Verschlussvorrichtung geführten Gleitelements.

The invention is explained below with further features, details and advantages using the attached figures. The figures merely illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention. Show here

Figure 1

a surface ship with two hull openings and closure devices covering them;

Figures 2a, 2b

two configurations of a closure lamella;

Figure 3

a top view of a closure device;

Figure 4

another top view of a closure device;

Figure 5

another top view of a closure device;

Figure 6

a perspective view of a closure device;

Figure 7

a detailed view of two sliding elements of a closure device and

Figures 8a, 8b

two detailed views of a sliding element guided in a guide rail of the closure device.

The Figure 1 shows a surface ship 2 in the form of a naval ship. Above a water surface that is not further marked, the surface ship 2 has two outer skin openings 4, this number being seen as an example in this case. The outer skin openings 4 are each covered with a closure device 10, wherein the closure device 10 can be moved between a closed position shown here and an open position. For this purpose, the closure device 10 has a plurality of essentially vertically aligned and movable closure slats 12. In the present case, a closure device 10 is shown purely as an example with eight closure blades 12, although any number deviating from this can be provided. However, it is preferred that an even number of shutter blades 12 is provided. Furthermore, it is preferred that the closure slats 12 can be moved equally to opposite sides of the outer skin opening 4 into the opening position, that is, starting from the closed position, the outer skin opening 4 is released in the middle and moved to the sides of the outer skin opening 4 into the opening position.

The Figure 2a ) shows a possible design of a closure lamella 12 ₁ in a perspective view. The Figure 2b ) shows a symmetrically designed closure lamella 12 ₂ . The shutter blades 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ are described together below. The closure lamella 12 has sliding elements 18 and 20 each mounted in an upper end region 14 and in a lower end region 16. The terms "top" and "bottom" in the present description refer to a normally prevailing position of the surface ship, in which it lies horizontally on a water surface. The sliding elements 18, 20 have pressure transmission areas 24 on their end faces 22, via which adjacent closure blades 12 can come into an operative connection, as will be described later. Furthermore, the sliding elements 18, 20 each have guide bolts 28 directed upwards or downwards on one side and connecting bolts 34 directed inwards on the other side, the function of which will also be described later.

The Figure 3 shows a top view of a closure device 10 according to the invention, of which only one half is shown for reasons of illustration and in which the second half adjoining the dash-dotted line L has been omitted. The top view is chosen such that the upper sliding elements 18 lie in the plane of the drawing. Furthermore, the inside of the ship is in the upper half of the picture and the outside of the ship is in the lower half of the picture. In addition, only half of the outer skin opening 4 is shown. The line L is not necessarily a line of symmetry, since it is preferably provided that a drive device is arranged in the area of one of the halves of the closure device 10, as will be explained later. The closure device 10 is shown in the closed position. Ten sliding elements 18 ₁ to 18 ₁₀ are initially shown, so that the corresponding closure slats 12 are directed into the plane of the drawing. The sliding elements 18 ₁ to 18 ₁₀ are arranged in pairs with respect to their pressure transmission areas 24 in such a way that they run symmetrically to one another with respect to a center line between the sliding elements 18. The arrangement requires that adjacent pressure transmission areas 24 have a contour that opens alternately towards the outside of the ship and the inside of the ship over the course of the sliding elements 18.

Adjacent sliding elements 18 are connected to one another via the connecting bolts 34 by means of connecting members 26. Here, each connecting member 26 can be pivoted about a vertical axis relative to the respective connecting bolts 34. Thus, adjacent sliding elements 18 are connected to one another like a chain link via the connecting links 26. The connecting links 26 are arranged on the inside of the sliding elements 18 in relation to the closure slats 12.

Furthermore, the closure device 10 comprises guide rails 50 and 52, of which in the Figure 3 only the upper guide rail 50 is shown. The upper guide rail 50 and the in Figure 6 lower guide rail 52 shown are designed to correspond to one another. The closure device 10 or the closure slats 12 of the closure device 10 can be guided from the closed position into the open position and in the opposite direction via the guide rails 50, 52. The guide rail 50 is essentially U-shaped when viewed in cross section, as shown in FIGS Figures 8a) and 8b ) shown. The guide rail 50 includes an inner guide stop 54, an outer guide stop 56 and a middle guide stop 58, through which the sliding elements 18 are guided in the lateral and vertical directions. Furthermore, the middle guide stop 58 includes a guide groove 60 into which the guide pins 28 of the sliding elements 18, 20 engage in order to be guided. For reasons of clarity, the guide bolts 28 are not shown Figure 3 shown, in this respect on the Figures 2a) and 2b ) is referred to. The sliding elements 18, 20 of the first closure lamella 12 ₁ therefore have guide bolts 28 projecting into the guide groove 60 on their left side, whereas the right side of the sliding elements 18, 20 of the first closure lamella 12 ₁ has no guide bolts and is not guided by the guide groove 60 . The second closure lamella 12 ₂ and its sliding elements 18, 20 are designed symmetrically to the first closure lamella 12 ₁ , that is, the sliding elements 18, 20 of the second closure lamella 12 ₂ have no guide pins on their left side and are not guided by the guide groove 60, whereas the right side of the sliding elements 18, 20 has guide bolts 28 projecting into the guide groove 60. These differences are in the detailed views of the Figures 8a) and 8b ) clarified. This alternating arrangement of the closure slats 12, their sliding elements 18, 20 and the guide bolts 28 on the sliding elements 18, 20 continues in the further closure slats 12 ₃ to 12 ₁₀ , although the guide bolts 28 of the closure slat 12 ₁₀ are no longer within the guide groove 60 is guided, but is merely rotatably held in the guide rail 50, so that a fixed pivot point for the closure blade 12 ₁₀ is thereby formed.

The inner guide stop 54 of the guide rail 50, viewed from the line L, has a shorter length than the outer guide stop 56 of the guide rail 50. In the area of this difference in length, a pressing device 40 is arranged inside the ship, by means of which the two closure slats 18 ₇ and 18 ₈ are inserted into the Closing position to the outside of the ship can be acted upon against the outer guide stop 56.

The Figure 4 shows the closure device 10 in a position in which the closure blades 12 have been moved to a certain extent from the closed position towards the open position. The pressing device 40 is in a retracted position in which it releases the closure blades 12 ₇ and 12 ₈ . The direction of displacement V is symbolized by an arrow, which has its point of attack in the guide pin 28 of the sliding element 18 ₁ of the first closure plate 12 ₁ . Furthermore, this arrow also symbolizes a longitudinal force F _V acting in the displacement direction V, which is applied to the sliding elements 18, 20 of the first closure blade 12 ₁ by a drive device 30 to be described in order to move the closure blades 12 from the closed position to the open position . In particular, it is provided according to the invention that this longitudinal force is applied directly to the sliding elements 18, 20 of the first Closure lamella 12 ₁ is applied, and is then successively and indirectly transferred to the subsequent closure lamellas 12 ₂ to 12 ₁₀ .

The Figure 5 shows the closure device 10 or the closure blades 12 ₁ to 12 ₁₀ completely moved into the opening position. In the open position, the closure slats 12 ₁ to 12 ₁₀ are folded out alternately against each other in order to be arranged in a storage area 42 in a space-saving manner. Alternately unfolded against each other means that in pairs, on the one hand, the ship's external surfaces of the closure slats 12 are directed towards each other and, on the other hand, the ship's inner surfaces of the closure slats 12 are directed towards each other. Also regarding the in the Figure 5 It should be mentioned that only one half of the closure device 10 is shown, as symbolized by the line L and already described above.

The Figure 6 shows the closure device 10 in a schematic and not to scale representation. Shown is the drive device 30, the upper and lower guide rails 50, 52 and two closure slats 12 ₁ and 12 ₁ '. The two closure slats 12 ₁ , 12 ₁ 'are the first test slats 12 of the two halves of the closure device 10, as already described above. The two shutter blades 12 ₁ , 12 ₁ 'can be moved to opposite sides into the opening position by the drive device 30. The drive device 30 comprises an upper 32 ₁ and a lower roller chain 32 ₂ , drive means 44, for example in the form of an electric motor or a pneumatic motor for driving the roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ and two deflections 46, 48 on opposite sides of the closure device 10, via which the Roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ are guided. Here, the deflection 46 is driven by the drive means 44 and the other deflection 48 is designed to be passive. The two roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ are driven via the deflection 46. Both roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ are designed as endless chains and are each drivingly connected to the two locking plates 12 ₁ and 12 ₁ '. Here, the upper roller chain 32 ₁ is connected to the upper sliding elements 18 ₁ and 18 ₁ 'and the lower roller chain 32 ₂ is connected to the lower sliding elements 20 ₁ and 20 ₁ ' of the closure plates 12 ₁ , 12 ₁ '. The outer strands, relative to the inside or outside of the ship, of both roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ are connected to one of the locking slats 12 ₁ , 12 ₁ ', in this case the locking slat 12 ₁ ', and the inner strands of the roller chain 42, 44 are connected to the other of the closure slats 12 ₁ ', 12 ₁ , in this case closure slat 12 ₁ , connected. The roller chains 42, 44 are connected to the sliding elements 18, 20 via driver elements 62, of which only those of the upper sliding elements 18 ₁ ', 18 ₁ are shown. The driver elements 62 are arranged with an undercut relative to one another when viewed in the displacement direction V, so that the two closure slats 12 ₁ , 12 ₁ ' experience tension relative to one another in the closed position.

In order to move the closure slats 12 from the closed position shown into the open position, the drive means 44 can be driven in the direction of rotation D symbolized by the arrow. As a result, a longitudinal force Fv is impressed on the roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ in the displacement direction V, so that the front strand of both roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ moves the locking plate 12 ₁ 'to the left, whereas the rear strand of both roller chains 32 ₁ , 32 ₂ , as a result of the 180° wrap on the deflection 48, the shutter blade 12 ₁ moves to the right. When the drive means 44 rotate in the opposite direction, the closure blades 12 are moved into the closed position. As already described, the closure slats 12 are guided over the sliding elements 18, 20 in the upper and lower guide rails 50, 52.

The Figure 7 shows a detailed representation of the process of folding the two sliding elements 18 ₉ and 18 ₁₀ against each other, as already shown in FIG Figure 4 was shown for the half of the closure device shown there. The sliding elements 18 ₁₀ is held at one end in a pivotable but immovable manner, for example on the guide rail 50 or directly on the ship structure. The sliding element 18 ₉ is held displaceably in the guide groove 60 at one end and is subjected to a longitudinal force F _R at this end, as is the case in connection with Figure 6 was described. The mutually facing ends of the sliding elements 18s, 18 ₁₀ are in contact via curved pressure transmission areas 24 and are therefore in an operative connection. At these ends, the sliding elements 18s, 18 ₁₀ are not guided in the guide groove 60, but are merely pivotally connected to one another via the connecting member 26. Due to the curved or rounded pressure transmission areas 24 on the end faces 22 of the sliding elements 18s, 18 ₁₀ , the closure slats 12 are automatically unfolded when the opening position is assumed. This unfolding movement is controlled by a transverse force component F _Q of the longitudinal force F _R , which acts at the point of contact of the pressure transmission areas 24 ₁ , 24 ₂ of the two sliding elements 18 ₁ , 18 ₂ .

The Figures 8a) and 8b ) show cross sections corresponding to those in the Figure 3 marked cutting lines AA and BB. The Figure 8a ) shows a connecting bolt 34 held in the sliding element 18, 20 with appropriate fastening means, via which the connecting member 26 is pivotally arranged on the sliding element 18, 20. The Figure 8b ) shows, in addition to the connecting bolt 34, a guide bolt 28, over which the sliding element 18, 20 is guided in the guide groove 60 of the guide rail 50, 52. In both Figures 8a) and 8b ) it can be seen that sliding surfaces 64 both on the middle guide stop 58, as well as on the inner and outer Guide stops 54, 56 are attached. These sliding surfaces 64 are preferably made of plastic and thus enable particularly low-friction sliding of the sliding elements 18, 20 in the guide rails 50, 52 when the closure device 10 moves between the closed position and the open position.

Reference symbol list

2

surface ship

4

Outer skin opening

10

Closure device

12

shutter blade

14

End area

16

End area

18

Sliding element

20

Sliding element

22

front side

24

Pressure transfer area

26

connecting link

28

Guide pin

30

Drive device

32

roller chain

34

connecting bolt

40

Pressing device

42

storage area

44

means of propulsion

46

Deflection

48

Deflection

50

Guide rail

52

Guide rail

54

Guide stop

56

Guide stop

58

Guide stop

60

Guide groove

62

Driver element

64

sliding surface

v

Shift direction

FR

Longitudinal force

FQ

Transverse force

Claims (13)

1. Closing device (10) for closing an outer skin opening (4) of a surface vessel (2), comprising

   a plurality of substantially vertically arranged closure lamellae (12₁ , 12₂ ), and

   a drive device (30) by means of which the closure plates (12₁ , 12₂ ) can be actuated for displacement between a closed position and an open position, and

   wherein the closure lamellae (12₁ , 12₂ ) are held in relation to one another in an upper (14) and a lower end region (16) via sliding elements (18, 20) in an upper (50) and a lower guide rail (52) of the closure device (10) respectively, in that, on displacement from the closed position into the open position, the closure lamellae (12₁ , 12₂) unfold alternately towards one another in order to assume the open position, characterized in that the sliding elements (18, 20) of adjacent closure lamellae (12₁ , 12₂ ) are connected to one another in each case via connecting links (26), adjacent sliding elements (18) being connected to one another via connecting pins (34) by means of the connecting links (26), each connecting link (26) being pivotable about a vertical axis with respect to the respective connecting pins (34), so that adjacent sliding elements (18) are connected to one another in the manner of chain links via the connecting links (26), the connecting links (26) being arranged on the inside of the sliding elements (18) with respect to the closure plates (12).
2. Closure device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that an even number of closure slats (12₁ , 12₂ ) is provided, each of which is displaceable in equal parts to opposite sides of the outer skin opening (4) into the opening position.
3. Closure device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that mutually facing end faces (22) of the sliding elements (18, 20) of adjacent closure plates (12₁ , 12₂ ) are in operative connection with one another via a pressure transmission region (24) in such a way that a longitudinal force (F_V ) applied to the closure plates in a displacement direction (V) in order to assume the open position generates a transverse force component on the pressure transmission region (24).
4. Closure device (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure transmission area (24) of the end faces (22) of the sliding elements (18, 20) is formed as a rounded contour for mutual rolling of adjacent sliding elements (18, 20) when assuming the open position.
5. Closure device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drive device (30) acts on at least one of the closure lamellae (12 , 12₁₂ ) for displacement between the closed position and the open position and indirectly acts on the other closure lamellae (12 , 12₂₁ ) via the at least one closure lamella (12 , 12 ).₁₂
6. Closure device (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the drive device (30) comprises at least one roller chain (32) via which at least one closure lamella (12₁ , 12₂ ) is acted upon for displacement between the closed position and the open position.
7. A closure device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper (50) and lower guide rails (52) comprise sliding surfaces (64) made of a plastic material for guiding the sliding elements (18, 20) in a lateral direction and a vertical direction.
8. Closure device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the closure plates (12₁ , 12₂ ) are made of a CFRP, GFRP, steel or aluminum material.
9. Closure device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the guide rails (50, 52) have an inner (54) and an outer lateral guide stop (56) in the displacement direction of the closure slats with respect to the outer skin opening (4).
10. Closure device (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the inner lateral guide stop (54) extends with a shorter course in the direction of the closed position of the closure blades (12₁ , 12₂ ) than the outer lateral guide stop (56).
11. Closure device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the guide rails (50, 52) each have a guide groove (60) extending in a displacement direction.
12. Closure device (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that the sliding elements (20) comprise a guide pin (28) via which the sliding elements (18, 20) are held in the guide grooves (60) for guidance in the direction of displacement.
13. Closure device (10) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the guide bolt (28) is arranged in the region of one of the end faces (22) of the sliding elements (18, 20), adjacent sliding elements (18, 20) being arranged with respect to one another in such a way that those end faces (22) in the region of which the guide bolts (28) are arranged, or the correspondingly opposite end faces (22) in the region of which no guide bolts (28) are arranged, are in each case opposite one another.

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