EP3467214B1 - Method and device for grinding kitchen waste and/or food remnants - Google Patents
Method and device for grinding kitchen waste and/or food remnants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3467214B1 EP3467214B1 EP17194956.3A EP17194956A EP3467214B1 EP 3467214 B1 EP3467214 B1 EP 3467214B1 EP 17194956 A EP17194956 A EP 17194956A EP 3467214 B1 EP3467214 B1 EP 3467214B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- kitchen waste
- hopper
- grinder
- grinding
- food
- Prior art date
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 144
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 64
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 41
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2225—Feed means
- B02C18/2275—Feed means using a rotating arm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
- B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2225—Feed means
- B02C18/2291—Feed chute arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/36—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy the crushing or disintegrating zone being submerged in liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/38—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy in apparatus having multiple crushing or disintegrating zones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
- E03C1/26—Object-catching inserts or similar devices for waste pipes or outlets
- E03C1/266—Arrangement of disintegrating apparatus in waste pipes or outlets; Disintegrating apparatus specially adapted for installation in waste pipes or outlets
- E03C1/2665—Disintegrating apparatus specially adapted for installation in waste pipes or outlets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or leftover food, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or leftover food.
- Organic kitchen waste such as preparation and cleaning waste, and leftover food
- Organic kitchen waste and food leftovers can be used as a raw material for generating renewable energy in biogas reactors and for producing fertilizers. To do this, it is necessary to treat the organic kitchen waste and leftover food so that it can be stored and transported.
- a device in which kitchen waste and food leftovers to be shredded are placed in a funnel-shaped receptacle, at the bottom of which a grinder for shredding the kitchen waste is arranged, which is downstream of a pump.
- the kitchen waste and food leftovers are shredded in the grinder and sucked in by means of the pump downstream of the grinder.
- the suction of the pump creates a suction in the direction of the pump, so that a flow of shredded kitchen waste and food scraps is generated from the grinder in the direction of the pump. Due to the pumping out of the shredded kitchen waste and leftover food, further kitchen waste and leftover food can enter the grinder, so that essentially all of the kitchen waste and leftover food in the receptacle can be gradually shredded and pumped out.
- a pre-shredding unit protruding into the receptacle in the form of a driver provided with shredding knives is attached to a rotor of the grinder, which moves when the rotor rotates rotates synchronously with this.
- some of the leftover food and kitchen waste is pre-shredded before it hits the grinder. Due to the volume flow from the grinder towards the pump, uncrushed as well as sticky and fibrous materials get into the grinder and further into the product line connecting the grinder and the pump, which leads to agglomerations of the aforementioned materials and/or blockages in the grinder, the product line and/or or the pump. To avoid this, a more or less large amount of process water is always supplied during operation of the device in order to prevent agglomerations.
- the AU 2010200304 A1 shows a system for treating organic waste WO 2012/134289 A1 shows a device for shredding and discharging large household waste and/or medical waste, which EP 2962771 A1 shows a method for controlling a kitchen waste shredder WO 2007/086344 A1 shows a waste treatment device that GB1040699 shows a waste disposal device that EP 1136449 A1 shows a wastewater processing system, and the US 8,584,976 B1 and the US 2016/0040413 A1 each show a kitchen waste shredder for a sink.
- a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or food leftovers comprising the step of loading a funnel for receiving kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, which is attached to a funnel base with a grinder for shredding the Kitchen waste and/or food leftovers are provided and are connected from the grinder via a product line to a pump for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers kitchen waste and/or food leftovers to be shredded, and the step of pumping out the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers shredded by the grinder using the pump.
- the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers located in the funnel are pre-shredded by means of a pre-shredding unit projecting into the funnel, with the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers being transformed into a homogenized mass in the funnel (2nd) in the pre-shredding step ) is formed, with the pump (5) only being switched on after the pre-crushing step in order to start pumping out.
- the activated pre-shredding unit ensures that the kitchen waste and/or leftover food is already cut and/or smashed in the hopper. Since the pre-shredded kitchen waste and food scraps are not pumped out by the switched off pump during pre-shredding, the kitchen waste and/or food scraps initially remain in the hopper and can be further shredded there.
- the cell structures of this organic waste are already largely shattered in the funnel to such an extent that the water contained in the kitchen waste and leftover food is released in the funnel.
- Many kitchen waste and food leftovers have a high content of their own water, which is made usable through the pre-shredding step before the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers are shredded in the grinder. This utilization of the water contained in kitchen waste and leftover food reduces the need for externally added process water, which in turn reduces the volume of biomass to be disposed of and thus reduces disposal costs.
- the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers in the hopper are already homogenized in the hopper. Consequently, a homogenized mass, preferably an aqueous suspension with a preferably porridge-like consistency, which is composed of the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food as well as the dissolved out water, is already formed in the hopper by the pre-shredding that precedes the pumping out and therefore the crushing by the grinder .
- the kitchen waste and/or food scraps pre-shredded in this way make it easier for them to be later shredded by the grinder when they are sucked out of the funnel through the grinder due to the onset of the pumping action of the pump.
- the kitchen waste and/or leftover food is already shredded in such a way that a mass that can be pumped out is created.
- the mass resulting from the pre-shredding of the kitchen waste and/or leftover food is sufficiently watery and homogeneous that it essentially covers the bottom of the funnel, at least in the area of the grinder, so tightly that a suction generated by the pump extends in the direction of the pump the funnel area in which the aqueous suspension is present, thus extending into the bottom area of the funnel.
- the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers or their homogenized suspension are sucked in before the grinder and sucked into the grinder by the resulting stream, so they can be further shredded particularly efficiently.
- the occurrence of agglomerations in the grinder can be reduced or even completely avoided due to the current that already begins in the funnel.
- the flow distribution created in the grinder is more uniform.
- the pre-shredding takes place for a specific period of time before the pump is started.
- pumping can begin with a manual input or a control command.
- a maelstrom circulating in the hopper is generated, the pre-shredding unit preferably generating the circulating maelstrom in the hopper by a rotational movement about an axis of rotation of the pre-shredding unit.
- the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers in the hopper are therefore additionally stirred or mixed by the pre-shredding unit.
- This creates a maelstrom in the hopper which circulates the material in the hopper preferably in a horizontal and at the same time also in a vertical direction.
- the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers rotate at different speeds depending on their position in the hopper.
- the speed decreases, with the particles being slowed down in particular by friction on the hopper walls and among each other.
- the parts or mass flows moving at different speeds as well as the friction between each other cause the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers to be further shredded in the maelstrom, which further increases the pre-shredding or pre-homogenization of the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers already done in the funnel.
- a relatively homogeneous biomass is formed in the hopper, with the entire contents of the hopper gradually being moved through the maelstrom and shredded.
- kitchen waste and food leftovers are preferably crushed so finely that the cell structures of the substances are destroyed, their own water is released and a homogeneous, flowable mass is created.
- a predetermined amount of process water is introduced into the funnel and/or into the product line before and/or during the pre-shredding, preferably via a nozzle and/or a water inlet arranged in the funnel and/or in the product line.
- This can increase the homogenization of the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food.
- the water content of the mass resulting from the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers through pre-shredding can be increased or adjusted in order to achieve a consistency that is favorable for subsequent shredding in the grinder and pumping out via the pump.
- a certain amount of process water is preferably introduced at least into the product line before the start of pre-shredding.
- the amount is preferably dimensioned such that the product line is completely filled, with the process water filled in preferably reaching up to the upper area of the grinder.
- this ensures that the pump arranged at the end of the product line can pump fluid directly, and a negative pressure does not have to be generated by displacing air.
- agglomerations in the grinder and in the product line as well as the pump due to adhesion of powdery, sticky and/or fibrous materials can be avoided.
- such an amount of process water can be introduced into the product line so that the water level rises above the upper edge of the grinder rotor into the funnel.
- this method of water supply has the advantage that the materials receive enough process water even in the lowest zone of the funnel to produce a mass with a mushy, pumpable consistency.
- solid substances that are deposited between the blade ring and the rotor of the grinder and thereby potentially block the start of the processing cycle are washed out.
- additional process water is introduced into the processing cycle, which slightly increases the water content of the mass produced by pre-shredding based on the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, but significantly improves process reliability.
- the water content of the mass located in the funnel or in the product line is preferably measured using a water content sensor, preferably using an inductive measuring method, a microwave resonance method or a photometric method. Alternatively, other methods for determining the water content can also be used. Based on the results of the water content measurement, additional process water can be added accordingly, preferably until a predetermined water content is present, preferably during pre-shredding. Alternatively or additionally, the process sequence, the duration of the individual steps and/or the total cycle time can be set and/or adjusted based on the determined water content.
- non-organic substances are separated during the pre-shredding, preferably by entangling and/or winding up the non-organic substances at least a projection, preferably a pre-shredding knife, particularly preferably an at least partially blunt-edged pre-shredding knife, of the pre-shredding unit.
- any pumped-out biomass used to produce biogas is less contaminated with inorganic contaminants.
- ferromagnetic substances are sorted out of the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers by applying a magnetic force at least in a region of a funnel wall of the funnel, preferably at least during pre-shredding, as provided in a preferred embodiment of the method, these substances can be prevented block the grinder and cause damage to the pre-shredding unit, the grinder and/or the pump.
- any pumped-out biomass used for biogas production is less contaminated with inorganic contaminants.
- the rotational movement of the pre-shredding unit creates a flow, i.e. the maelstrom, which moves the relatively heavy ferromagnetic materials, such as cutlery items, essentially due to a centrifugal force in the direction of the funnel wall, on which they are held and fixed by the magnetic force.
- the separated substances and/or the sorted out substances are removed from the hopper after the crushing and pumping has been completed. This means that the entire funnel volume is available for refilling with kitchen waste and/or leftover food that needs to be shredded.
- the funnel and/or a lid covering the funnel during operation is pre-cleaned using injected process water.
- the process water is preferably injected in the last phase of homogenization when the input funnel is already largely emptied, with the process water preferably being supplied via a nozzle directed at the cover of the input station. This means that the process water is sprayed widely over the biomass still in the hopper and the lid and the hopper area are roughly cleaned.
- the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder rotate at a speed of 700 to 2800 revolutions per minute, preferably at a speed of 1400 revolutions per minute, with the pre-shredding unit and the grinder preferably rotating synchronously.
- the speed can preferably be set on a corresponding controller or specified by it.
- the higher the speed of the rotating grinder and the rotating pre-shredding unit the smaller the particle size created when shredding the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers.
- the desired particle size of the shredded kitchen waste and food leftovers can be adjusted by controlling the speed. If the particle size is very small, a suspension is formed in which solids and liquid are bound. The resulting mass is then particularly easy to pump and, due to gravity, can flow away in a slightly inclined pipeline in the direction of gravity, which enables the hopper, grinder and/or product line to be almost completely emptied.
- the speed of the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder can be varied following a further preferred development and/or the rotation of the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder can be interrupted and /or the direction of rotation of the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder can be reversed.
- the varying of the speed, the interruption of the rotation and/or the reversal of the direction of rotation preferably take place according to a predetermined time sequence, the sequence preferably being controlled/regulated by means of a controller.
- the method can be at least partially automated, with at least the start of the pre-shredding and/or the termination of the pumping preferably taking place automatically, with a sensor signal preferably indicating the start of the pre-shredding and/or or triggers the start and/or stop of pumping.
- a sensor is preferably used to determine when the funnel is completely filled or filled to a predetermined value.
- the level can be determined based on weight, inductively and/or optically. Alternatively, the level can also be measured using other types of sensors that are already known. If the filling of the hopper corresponds to the specified value and/or exceeds it, the sensor emits a corresponding signal, which triggers the start of pre-shredding.
- a speed and/or a torque and/or a rotational resistance of a drive driving at least the pre-shredding unit are preferably determined at least in sections or intermittently, preferably continuously.
- a change over time of at least one of the determined values, preferably the change over time in the torque or rotational resistance is compared with a predetermined limit value and/or preset value.
- the aforementioned temporal change can be used as a measure of the degree of homogenization of the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, whereby if the temporal change is less than the limit and/or default value and/or lies within a predetermined range, then the change resulting from the pre-shredding
- the mass is sufficiently homogeneous so that it can be pumped out effectively by the pump and simultaneously crushed in the grinder. This can be used as a trigger signal to start pumping.
- an empty level of the funnel and/or a liquid level in the product line can be detected, whereby when the empty level is reached and/or the liquid level falls below a predetermined level, an injection or subsequent injection of process water can be triggered or the pumping out can be stopped.
- the vacancy level can be determined based on weight, inductively and/or optically.
- a device for shredding kitchen waste and/or food leftovers comprising a funnel for receiving kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, a grinder arranged on a funnel bottom of the funnel for shredding, preferably homogenizing , kitchen waste and/or leftover food and a product line a pump connected to the grinder for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food, with a pre-shredding unit extending from the bottom of the funnel into the interior of the funnel being arranged in the funnel for pre-shredding the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers located in the funnel.
- a control is provided which is set up to control pre-shredding by means of the pre-shredding unit and then switching on the pump for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers.
- Control here is understood to mean a device that enables the behavior of technical systems to be influenced in a directed manner both by specifying a default value and by adapting the default value as a result of a returned comparison signal or measurement signal or measuring element. The control is therefore set up to control and/or regulate the device.
- a controller which is set up to control pre-shredding by means of the pre-shredding unit and then switching on the pump for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, the advantages described with regard to the method can be achieved in an analogous manner.
- At least one funnel wall preferably all funnel walls, has an inclination of at least 45°, preferably at least 50°, particularly preferably at least 55° and very particularly preferably at least 60° relative to the horizontal.
- the funnel wall and the direction of gravitational acceleration form an angle of a maximum of 45°, preferably a maximum of 40°, particularly preferably a maximum of 35° and very particularly preferably a maximum of 30°.
- the high gradient of the funnel wall makes it possible for the solids and liquids in the funnel or their suspension to flow or move essentially independently towards the bottom of the funnel due to gravity.
- the funnel bottom has an inclination of at least 60° compared to the horizontal.
- the pump is preferably connected via a transport line to a tank for receiving and/or storing the shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food.
- At least one sensor is provided for detecting a fill level in the funnel and/or in the product line, the controller being set up to receive a sensor signal from the sensor.
- the sensor is preferably used to determine if or whether the funnel and/or the product line is complete or is filled to a specified value. The level can be determined based on weight or visually. Alternatively, the fill level can also be determined using other types of sensors that are already known. If the filling of the hopper corresponds to the specified value and/or exceeds it, the sensor sends a corresponding signal to the control, which preferably triggers the start of pre-shredding by the control.
- At least two sensors are provided, with a first sensor being provided for detecting an empty level of the funnel and a second sensor being provided for detecting a predetermined fill level, preferably a start-of-operation fill level, the control being set up to do so. Receive sensor signals from the first and second sensors.
- an empty level of the funnel can also be detected, whereby when the empty level is reached, the control can preferably trigger an injection or re-injection of process water or the pumping can be stopped.
- a further sensor is provided for detecting a liquid level in the product line, with the controller being set up to receive a sensor signal from the further sensor.
- a liquid level in the product line can also be detected, whereby when a predetermined liquid level is reached or falls below, an injection or subsequent injection of process water can be stopped or triggered via the control or the pumping out can be stopped.
- the control is set up to detect a torque and/or a rotational resistance of a drive driving the grinder and/or the pre-shredding unit, preferably an electric motor, wherein the control is preferably further set up to do so when the value falls below a predetermined limit a temporal change in the torque and/or the rotational resistance of the drive to switch on the pump.
- a speed and/or a torque and/or a rotational resistance of a drive driving at least the pre-shredding unit are preferably determined at least in sections or intermittently, preferably continuously.
- a change over time of at least one of the determined values is compared with a predetermined limit value and/or preset value.
- the aforementioned temporal change can be used as a measure of the degree of homogenization of the Kitchen waste and/or food leftovers are used, whereby, if the change over time is less than the limit value and/or default value and/or is within a predetermined range, the mass resulting from the pre-shredding is sufficiently homogeneous so that effective pumping out by the pump and simultaneous shredding in the grinder is possible.
- This can be used as a trigger signal to start the pumping step.
- the control is preferably connected to at least one sensor for detecting the speed, the torque and/or the rotational resistance.
- At least one of the sensors is preferably designed as an inductively measuring sensor, as a weight sensor or as an optical sensor.
- a rotor of the grinder has at least one pump element on its underside, preferably in the form of a web, for introducing a movement impulse to a mass located below the grinder in the direction of the pump.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective schematic representation of a device 1, which is used to shred kitchen waste and/or leftover food.
- the device 1 comprises a receiving device in the form of a funnel 2, which initially serves to receive the unshredded organic kitchen waste and food leftovers.
- the funnel 2 is in Figure 1 shown in the form of a funnel 2 with a rectangular cross section.
- other cross-sections can of course also be used, such as square cross-sections, round cross-sections or oval cross-sections.
- the funnel 2 can also have non-funnel-shaped sections, for example cylindrical sections.
- a grinder 3 to which organic kitchen waste and food waste are fed via the funnel 2.
- the grinder 3 is used to shred the organic kitchen waste and food leftovers fed via the funnel 2.
- the grinder 3 can, for example, in the in Figure 3 shown and described below.
- a pre-shredding unit 4 is arranged on the grinder 3 and projects at least partially into the funnel 2 from the grinder 3. In other words, the pre-shredding unit 4 projects at least partially into the volume V defined by the dimensions of the funnel 2 (see also Figure 2 ) inside.
- the pre-shredding unit 4 serves, on the one hand, for the improved feeding of kitchen waste and food scraps to the grinder 3. Feeding here means both the actual conveying of the organic kitchen waste and food scraps, for example by means of a screw conveyor, and also the making of the organic kitchen waste conveyable by pre-shredding or mechanical shaking in order to be able to feed light, loose, fibrous and/or dry kitchen waste and food scraps that were previously stuck in the funnel 2 to the grinder 3.
- the pre-shredding unit 4 therefore prepares the organic kitchen waste and/or moves it in such a way that it is fed to the grinder 3 or slides into it.
- the pre-shredding unit 4 can be provided with pre-shredding knives 46 in order to pre-shred the kitchen waste and leftover food.
- the device 1 further comprises a lid 10, by means of which the funnel 2 can be covered.
- the funnel 2 must advantageously be covered with the lid 10 before the grinder 3 and the pre-shredding unit 4 are put into operation and begin to rotate.
- the lid 10 prevents the comminuted or to-be-comminuted mass from spraying out of the device 1 during operation. Furthermore, the lid 10 is there to prevent users from reaching into the funnel 2 when the grinder 3 and/or the pre-shredding unit 4 is being operated.
- the lid 10 is advantageously connected to a control, not shown in this view, which is equipped in such a way that the grinder 3 and the pre-shredding unit 4 can only be operated when the lid 10 is closed.
- the control also has a schematically shown operating unit 80, by means of which a user can make inputs to the control and receive information from it.
- a nozzle 14 for feeding process water into the funnel 2 is provided on a funnel wall 20 of the funnel 2 in order to be able to produce sufficient water content in dry organic kitchen waste to enable subsequent pumping out of the biomass shredded by the grinder 3.
- an appropriately sized pump 5 is provided after the grinder 3, for example in Figure 2 is shown.
- the nozzle 14 can also be used to clean the funnel 2 as well as the grinder 3, the pre-shredding unit 4 and/or the lid 10.
- at least one further nozzle can also be provided at another location in the funnel 2 and/or in a product line described later.
- the pre-shredding unit 4 is arranged coaxially to the grinder 3, with the axis of rotation 400 of the pre-shredding unit 4 extending coaxially along the axis of rotation 300 of the grinder 3 or both axes of rotation 300, 400 coincide.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the device 1 in a schematic sectional view.
- the pre-shredding unit 4 partially, although not completely, extends into the funnel 2 and in particular extends into the volume V formed inside the funnel 2.
- the volume V is defined here by the volume located between the lid 10, the funnel bottom 22 and the funnel walls 20 of the funnel 2.
- the depth to which the pre-shredding unit 4 extends into the hopper 2 depends, among other things, on which organic kitchen waste and food leftovers are to be treated. Furthermore, the depth in this embodiment variant depends on how far the pre-shredding knives 46 of the driver 4 are from the funnel wall of the funnel 2. This distance D must be dimensioned so that even larger, light kitchen waste can still slip between the rapidly rotating pre-shredding knives 46 and the wall of the funnel 2, and in particular that a maelstrom, described in more detail later, can be generated in the funnel 2.
- the grinder 3 arranged on the hopper bottom 22 is connected via a product line 7 to a pump 5 for pumping out the comminuted biomass via a transport line 15 into a tank 6 for receiving the pumped-out biomass.
- the product line 7 has a water inlet 16 through which process water can be introduced into the product line 7.
- the side funnel walls 20 have an angle of inclination ⁇ of 60° relative to the horizontal 13. In other words, the funnel wall and the direction of gravitational acceleration 12 form an angle ⁇ of 30°.
- the high inclination or gradient of the funnel wall 20 makes it possible for the solids and liquids or their suspension located in the funnel 1 to flow or move essentially independently towards the funnel bottom 22 due to gravity.
- a magnetic element 9 is arranged on the funnel wall 20, by means of which ferromagnetic substances can be sorted out of the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers by applying a magnetic force.
- a first sensor 81 for detecting an empty level of the funnel 2 and a second sensor 82 for detecting a predetermined start-of-operation filling level in the funnel 2 are arranged on the funnel wall 20.
- the sensors 81, 82 are optically measuring sensors.
- the fill level can also be determined via a weight sensor or at least one acceleration sensor, with the fill level being determined based on weight.
- the controller 8 is set up to receive sensor signals from the first and second sensors 81, 82.
- the controller 8 is set up to detect a rotational resistance of a drive driving the grinder 3 and the pre-shredding unit 4.
- a sensor 84 for detecting the rotational resistance is arranged on the grinder 3.
- a pump 5 is connected to the output of the grinder 3 via a product line 7.
- the pump 5 is set up to pump out shredded kitchen waste and leftover food into a tank 6 via the transport line 15.
- the shredded kitchen waste and food leftovers are preferably conveyed a certain distance in the transport line 15 by the pressure of the pump 5.
- the shredded kitchen waste and leftover food then flow further into tank 6 due to gravity.
- FIG. 3 shows the grinder 3 in a schematic perspective view.
- the grinder 3 comprises a rotor 30, which rotates about an axis of rotation 300 and is driven by a drive 32 in the form of an electric motor, to the motor shaft of which the rotor 30 is correspondingly connected.
- the drive 32 is advantageously provided with a strong brake, which immediately stops the cover 10 when the drive 3 is in operation.
- the rotor 30 includes differently shaped drivers 34, which can carry the organic kitchen waste and food leftovers to be shredded and set them in rotation accordingly.
- a knife ring 36 is provided, which surrounds the rotor 30 and which serves as a stator.
- the organic kitchen waste and food leftovers set into a rotational movement by the rotor 30 are accordingly pressed against the knife ring 36 by centrifugal forces and guided along it in such a way that comminution takes place in the corresponding spaces between the knives.
- the drivers 34 in turn move along the knife ring 36, so that organic kitchen waste and food scraps extending through the spaces between the knives 36 can be sheared off by the driver 34.
- Other versions of the grinder 3 are also conceivable.
- the sensor 84 detects the speed, the torque and the rotational resistance of the drive 32.
- FIG 4 a perspective side view of a detail of the rotor 30 of the grinder 3 can be seen schematically.
- the rotor 30 has on its underside 37 a plurality of pump elements in the form of webs 38 extending downwards from the underside 37, which are set up to introduce a movement impulse to a mass located below the grinder 3 in the direction of the pump 5.
- a movement impulse can be transmitted to the kitchen waste and food leftovers homogenized by means of the grinder 3, which supports the conveying of the aforementioned mass in the direction of the pump 5.
- a first step kitchen waste and food scraps to be shredded are placed in the funnel 2 and the lid 10 is then closed. After the lid 10 has been brought into the closed state, the controller 8 receives a corresponding signal and starts the processing cycle by the device 1.
- a certain amount of process water is introduced into the product line 7 via the water inlet 16 provided in the product line 7. If the third sensor 83 detects that the product line 7 is filled with water to a certain level, the controller 8 receives a corresponding signal and stops introducing the process water into the product line 7. In addition, the controller 8 starts the drive 32. This will the rotor 30 and the pre-shredding unit 4 attached to it are set in rotation. By rotating the pre-shredding unit 4, it begins to shred or pre-shred the kitchen waste and food leftovers located in the hopper 2, essentially by the pre-shredding knives 46 cutting and smashing the kitchen waste and food leftovers.
- the pump 5 Since the pump 5 is switched off, the kitchen waste and leftover food are not sucked out through the grinder 4, but remain in the funnel 2 and are further chopped there.
- the cell structures of the organic waste are already largely destroyed in the funnel 2 to such an extent that the water contained in the kitchen waste and food leftovers is released in the funnel 2, which is thereby made usable before the kitchen waste and / or food leftovers are in the Grinder 3 can be shredded.
- an aqueous suspension with a mushy consistency is formed in the funnel 2 from the shredded kitchen waste and leftover food and the water that has been knocked out.
- the kitchen waste and/or food scraps pre-shredded in this way make it easier to later chop them up by the grinder 3 if they are sucked out of the funnel 2 through the grinder 3 due to the insertion of the pump 5.
- process water can be added via the nozzle 14.
- the pre-shredding unit 4 Due to the rotation of the pre-shredding unit 4, in addition to the shredding effect, energy is also transferred to the kitchen waste and food leftovers and these are set in rotation in the hopper 2. As a result, the pre-shredding unit 4 generates a circulating grinding stream 13 in the hopper 2. The kitchen waste and/or food leftovers in the hopper are consequently additionally stirred or mixed by the pre-shredding unit 4. This creates the maelstrom 13 in the hopper 2, which allows the material to circulate in the hopper 2 in both the horizontal and vertical directions. In the circulating maelstrom 13 generated by the pre-shredding unit 4, the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers rotate at different speeds depending on their position in the hopper 2.
- the speed decreases, with the particles being braked in particular by friction on the funnel walls 20 and among themselves.
- the parts or mass flows moving at different speeds and their friction with one another cause the kitchen waste and food leftovers to be further shredded in the maelstrom 13, which means that the kitchen waste and food leftovers are already in the hopper 2.
- a relatively homogeneous biomass is formed in the hopper 2, with the entire contents of the hopper 2 gradually being moved and comminuted by the grinding stream 13.
- Figure 5 shows schematically a sectional view of the funnel 2.
- the maelstrom is indicated by the arrows numbered 13.
- the strength or thickness of the arrows is a measure of the speed.
- Figure 6 shows schematically a perspective side view of the device 1. Again, the maelstrom is indicated by the arrows numbered with the reference number 13. The strength or thickness of the arrows is in turn a measure of the speed of the moving substances.
- the pre-shredding unit 4 forms a grinding stream 13 in the hopper 2 in the horizontal and at the same time in the vertical direction.
- Non-organic substances such as textiles, plastic items such as films or gloves, are caught and wound up on the pre-shredding knives 46 during pre-shredding and are thus separated from the organic components.
- ferromagnetic materials such as knives or forks
- ferromagnetic substances are sorted out of the maelstrom 13 by applying a magnetic force using the magnetic element 9.
- the ferromagnetic substances remain stuck to the funnel wall 20 due to the magnetic force in the area of the magnetic element 9.
- the pre-shredding takes place for a period of time previously selected on the control unit 80 before the pump 5 is started and the pre-shredded kitchen waste and food leftovers are pumped out of the hopper 2 and thus the shredding by the grinder 3 is started.
- the funnel 2 and the lid 10 are sprayed through the nozzle 14 using injected process water. This means that the process water is sprayed widely over the biomass still in the hopper and the lid and the hopper area are roughly cleaned.
- the liquid level in the product line is recorded, and pumping out is stopped when the liquid level falls below a predetermined level.
- a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or leftover food, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or leftover food, according to an alternative embodiment, is described below.
- the method according to the alternative embodiment essentially corresponds to the method described above, with the operating cycle having a higher degree of automation.
- the pre-shredding is not started here when the lid 10 is closed, but only when the second sensor 82 also detects that a predetermined filling level has been reached. The second sensor 82 then transmits a corresponding signal to the controller 8, which then starts the pre-shredding 4.
- the speed of the pre-shredding unit 4 is varied during the pre-shredding between a speed of 700 and 2800 revolutions per minute in order to achieve an improved mixing ratio and good comminution of different materials.
- the direction of rotation of the pre-shredding unit 4 is changed several times during pre-shredding.
- the pre-shredding is not operated for a predetermined period of time, but begins when a change in the rotational resistance of the drive 32 determined by the sensor 84 and the controller 8 in a predetermined speed range is below a certain limit value or limit amount.
- the aforementioned change in time is used here as a measure of the degree of homogenization of the kitchen waste and/or leftover food, whereby, if the change in time is less than the limit value, the mass resulting from the pre-shredding is sufficiently homogeneous so that effective pumping is possible Pump and simultaneous grinding in the grinder is possible.
- the injection of the process water for pre-cleaning is also triggered by a signal from the first sensor 81 when it detects a predetermined empty level in the funnel 2. After pumping has ended, process water is again fed through the nozzle 14 into the funnel 2 until the first sensor 81 detects that the water level is above the grinder 3. This prevents residues of shredded kitchen waste and leftover food from drying and becoming crusty in the grinder.
- the present description also relates to a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, comprising the step of loading a hopper 2 for receiving kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, which is attached to a hopper bottom 22 with a grinder 3 for shredding, preferably homogenizing, the kitchen waste and / or food leftovers and is connected from the grinder 3 via a product line 7 to a pump 5 for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and / or food leftovers, with kitchen waste and / or food leftovers to be shredded, and the step of pumping out the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers shredded by the grinder 3 by means of the pump 5, ferromagnetic substances being extracted from the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers by applying a magnetic force at least in a region of a funnel wall 20 of the funnel 2, preferably at least be sorted out during pre-shredding.
- the device 1 accordingly preferably has a magnetic device, by means of which the magnetic force is applied in at least one area of the funnel wall 20 of the funnel 2 can be.
- the magnetic device can be provided, for example, in the form of an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zum Homogenisieren von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten.The present invention relates to a device and a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or leftover food, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or leftover food.
Organische Küchenabfälle, wie Rüst- und Putzabfälle, und Speisereste fallen beispielsweise in Großküchen, Kantinen, Hotels, Gemeinschaftsverpflegungseinrichtungen, der übrigen Gastronomie und in Supermärkten täglich in großen Mengen an. Diese organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste können als Grundstoff für die Erzeugung regenerativer Energie in Biogasreaktoren und zur Herstellung von Düngemitteln verwendet werden. Hierzu ist es notwendig, die organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste so zu behandeln, dass sie lagerfähig und transportfähig sind.Organic kitchen waste, such as preparation and cleaning waste, and leftover food, is generated in large quantities every day, for example in commercial kitchens, canteens, hotels, communal catering facilities, other catering establishments and in supermarkets. These organic kitchen waste and food leftovers can be used as a raw material for generating renewable energy in biogas reactors and for producing fertilizers. To do this, it is necessary to treat the organic kitchen waste and leftover food so that it can be stored and transported.
Zur Entsorgung und Lagerung der organischen Küchenabfälle sind Systeme bekannt, bei welchen die organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste in eine Entsorgungsvorrichtung gegeben werden, in welcher sie mittels einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in Form eines Mahlwerks, teilweise unter Zugabe von Wasser, so zerkleinert werden, dass sie anschließend in einer weitgehend homogenisierten Form in entsprechende Lagertanks abgepumpt werden können. Von diesen Lagertanks aus wird die dann weitgehend homogenisierte Biomasse mittels eines Transportfahrzeuges zu einer Biogasanlage transportiert, in welcher die Biomasse fermentiert wird, wobei die bei der Fermentierung entstehenden Faulgase, insbesondere Methangas, zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie und/oder Wärmeenergie verwendet wird. Auf diese Weise können organische Küchenabfälle recycelt werden und aus diesen umweltfreundlich erneuerbare Energie gewonnen werden. Zudem kann der verbleibende, meist dünnflüssige Gärrest im Landbau als Dünge- oder Bodenverbesserungsmittel verwertet werden.For the disposal and storage of organic kitchen waste, systems are known in which the organic kitchen waste and food leftovers are placed in a disposal device, in which they are shredded using a shredding device in the form of a grinder, sometimes with the addition of water, so that they are then in a largely homogenized form can be pumped into appropriate storage tanks. From these storage tanks, the largely homogenized biomass is then transported by means of a transport vehicle to a biogas plant in which the biomass is fermented, the digester gases resulting from the fermentation, in particular methane gas, being used to generate electrical energy and/or heat energy. In this way, organic kitchen waste can be recycled and renewable energy can be generated from it in an environmentally friendly way. In addition, the remaining, usually thin digestate can be used in agriculture as fertilizer or soil improver.
Aus der
Um während des Zerkleinerns und Abpumpens ein verbessertes Zuführen der Küchenabfälle und Speisereste in der Aufnahme zum Mahlwerk hin zu erzielen, ist an einem Rotor des Mahlwerks eine in die Aufnahme ragende Vorzerkleinerungseinheit in Form eines mit Zerkleinerungsmessern versehenen Mitnehmers befestigt, welche sich bei einer Drehung des Rotors synchron mit diesem mitdreht. Dadurch werden die Speisereste und Küchenabfälle zum Teil bereits vor dem Auftreffen auf das Mahlwerk vorzerkleinert. Aufgrund des Volumenstroms aus dem Mahlwerk in Richtung der Pumpe gelangen unzerkleinerte sowie klebrige und faserige Materialien in das Mahlwerk und weiter in die das Mahlwerk und die Pumpe verbindende Produktleitung, was zu Agglomerationen der vorgenannten Materialien und/oder zu Verstopfungen im Mahlwerk, der Produktleitung und/oder der Pumpe führen kann. Um dies zu vermeiden, wird während des Betriebs der Vorrichtung stets eine mehr oder minder große Menge an Prozesswasser zugeführt, um Agglomerationen zu verhindern.In order to achieve an improved feeding of the kitchen waste and food leftovers in the receptacle to the grinder during shredding and pumping, a pre-shredding unit protruding into the receptacle in the form of a driver provided with shredding knives is attached to a rotor of the grinder, which moves when the rotor rotates rotates synchronously with this. As a result, some of the leftover food and kitchen waste is pre-shredded before it hits the grinder. Due to the volume flow from the grinder towards the pump, uncrushed as well as sticky and fibrous materials get into the grinder and further into the product line connecting the grinder and the pump, which leads to agglomerations of the aforementioned materials and/or blockages in the grinder, the product line and/or or the pump. To avoid this, a more or less large amount of process water is always supplied during operation of the device in order to prevent agglomerations.
Die
Ausgehend von dem bekannten Stand der Technik ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein verbessertes Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung bereitzustellen.Based on the known prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for shredding kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, as well as a corresponding device.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie der vorliegenden Beschreibung und den Figuren.The task is solved by a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or leftover food with the features of
Entsprechend wird ein Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zum Homogenisieren von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten vorgeschlagen, umfassend den Schritt des Beschickens eines Trichters zum Aufnehmen von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, welcher an einem Trichterboden mit einem Mahlwerk zum Zerkleinern der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste versehen und von dem Mahlwerk über eine Produktleitung mit einer Pumpe zum Abpumpen zerkleinerter Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste verbunden ist, mit zu zerkleinernden Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, und den Schritt des Abpumpens der durch das Mahlwerk zerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste mittels der Pumpe. Erfindungsgemäß wird vor dem Schritt des Abpumpens in dem Trichter ein Vorzerkleinern der in dem Trichter befindlichen Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste mittels einer in den Trichter ragenden Vorzerkleinerungseinheit durchgeführt, wobei im Schritt des Vorzerkleinerns aus den Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten eine homogenisierte Masse im Trichter (2) gebildet wird, wobei die Pumpe (5) erst nach dem Schritt des Vorzerkleinerns eingeschaltet wird, um das Abpumpen zu starten.Accordingly, a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, is proposed, comprising the step of loading a funnel for receiving kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, which is attached to a funnel base with a grinder for shredding the Kitchen waste and/or food leftovers are provided and are connected from the grinder via a product line to a pump for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers kitchen waste and/or food leftovers to be shredded, and the step of pumping out the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers shredded by the grinder using the pump. According to the invention, before the step of pumping out in the funnel, the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers located in the funnel are pre-shredded by means of a pre-shredding unit projecting into the funnel, with the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers being transformed into a homogenized mass in the funnel (2nd) in the pre-shredding step ) is formed, with the pump (5) only being switched on after the pre-crushing step in order to start pumping out.
Dadurch, dass vor dem Schritt des Abpumpens in dem Trichter ein Vorzerkleinern der in dem Trichter befindlichen Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste mittels einer in den Trichter ragenden Vorzerkleinerungseinheit durchgeführt wird, kann ein verbessertes Zerkleinerungsergebnis erzielt und der Wartungsaufwand einer Vorrichtung, welche gemäß dem Verfahren betrieben wird, verringert werden. Die aktivierte Vorzerkleinerungseinheit sorgt dafür, dass die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste bereits im Trichter zerschnitten und/oder zerschlagen werden. Da während des Vorzerkleinerns kein Abpumpen der vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und Speisereste durch die ausgeschaltete Pumpe erfolgt, verbleiben die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste zunächst im Trichter und können dort weiter zerkleinert werden.Because the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers located in the hopper are pre-shredded before the step of pumping out the hopper by means of a pre-shredder unit projecting into the hopper, an improved shredding result can be achieved and the maintenance effort of a device which is operated according to the method , be reduced. The activated pre-shredding unit ensures that the kitchen waste and/or leftover food is already cut and/or smashed in the hopper. Since the pre-shredded kitchen waste and food scraps are not pumped out by the switched off pump during pre-shredding, the kitchen waste and/or food scraps initially remain in the hopper and can be further shredded there.
Durch das Vorzerkleinern der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste werden die Zellstrukturen dieser Bioabfälle bereits im Trichter derart weitgehend zertrümmert, dass bereits im Trichter das in den Küchenabfällen und Speiseresten enthaltene Wasser ausgelöst wird. Viele Küchenabfälle und Speisereste haben einen hohen Gehalt an Eigenwasser, welches durch den Schritt des Vorzerkleinerns nutzbar gemacht wird, bevor die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste im Mahlwerk zerkleinert werden. Durch diese Nutzbarmachung des in den Küchenabfällen und Speiseresten enthaltenen Eigenwassers verringert sich der Bedarf an extern zugegebenem Prozesswasser, was wiederum das Volumen der zu entsorgenden Biomasse verringert und damit die Entsorgungskosten senkt.By pre-shredding the kitchen waste and/or leftover food, the cell structures of this organic waste are already largely shattered in the funnel to such an extent that the water contained in the kitchen waste and leftover food is released in the funnel. Many kitchen waste and food leftovers have a high content of their own water, which is made usable through the pre-shredding step before the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers are shredded in the grinder. This utilization of the water contained in kitchen waste and leftover food reduces the need for externally added process water, which in turn reduces the volume of biomass to be disposed of and thus reduces disposal costs.
Zudem werden die im Trichter befindlichen Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste bereits im Trichter homogenisiert. Folglich wird bereits im Trichter durch das dem Abpumpen und mithin dem Zerkleinern durch das Mahlwerk zeitlich vorgelagerte Vorzerkleinern eine homogenisierte Masse, bevorzugt eine wässrige Suspension mit einer bevorzugt breiartigen Konsistenz, welche sich aus den vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten sowie dem herausgelösten Eigenwasser zusammensetzt, gebildet. Die so vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste erleichtern ein späteres Zerkleinern durch das Mahlwerk, wenn diese aufgrund eines Einsetzens der Pumpwirkung der Pumpe aus dem Trichter durch das Mahlwerk hindurch abgesaugt werden.In addition, the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers in the hopper are already homogenized in the hopper. Consequently, a homogenized mass, preferably an aqueous suspension with a preferably porridge-like consistency, which is composed of the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food as well as the dissolved out water, is already formed in the hopper by the pre-shredding that precedes the pumping out and therefore the crushing by the grinder . The kitchen waste and/or food scraps pre-shredded in this way make it easier for them to be later shredded by the grinder when they are sucked out of the funnel through the grinder due to the onset of the pumping action of the pump.
Die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste werden beim Schritt des Vorzerkleinerns bereits derart zerkleinert, dass eine abpumpfähige Masse entsteht. Mit anderen Worten ist die durch das Vorzerkleinern der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste entstandene Masse hinreichend wässrig und homogen, dass sie den Trichterboden zumindest im Bereich des Mahlwerks im Wesentlichen derart dicht abdeckt, dass sich ein durch die Pumpe erzeugter Sog in Richtung der Pumpe bis in den Trichterbereich, in dem die wässrige Suspension vorliegt, mithin in den Bodenbereich des Trichters, erstreckt. Dadurch werden die vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste beziehungsweise deren homogenisierte Suspension bereits vor dem Mahlwerk angesaugt und durch den so entstehenden Strom in das Mahlwerk gesaugt, sie können darin mithin besonders effizient weiterzerkleinert werden. Zudem kann durch den bereits im Trichter beginnenden Strom das Auftreten von Agglomerationen im Mahlwerk reduziert oder sogar gänzlich vermieden werden. Insbesondere ist dadurch die im Mahlwerk entstehende Strömungsverteilung gleichmäßiger.During the pre-shredding step, the kitchen waste and/or leftover food is already shredded in such a way that a mass that can be pumped out is created. In other words, the mass resulting from the pre-shredding of the kitchen waste and/or leftover food is sufficiently watery and homogeneous that it essentially covers the bottom of the funnel, at least in the area of the grinder, so tightly that a suction generated by the pump extends in the direction of the pump the funnel area in which the aqueous suspension is present, thus extending into the bottom area of the funnel. As a result, the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers or their homogenized suspension are sucked in before the grinder and sucked into the grinder by the resulting stream, so they can be further shredded particularly efficiently. In addition, the occurrence of agglomerations in the grinder can be reduced or even completely avoided due to the current that already begins in the funnel. In particular, the flow distribution created in the grinder is more uniform.
Das Vorzerkleinern erfolgt für eine bestimmbare Zeitspanne, bevor die Pumpe gestartet wird. Alternativ kann der Beginn des Abpumpens auch durch eine manuelle Eingabe oder einen Steuerbefehl beginnen.The pre-shredding takes place for a specific period of time before the pump is started. Alternatively, pumping can begin with a manual input or a control command.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung des Verfahrens wird beim Vorzerkleinern durch die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit ein im Trichter zirkulierender Mahlstrom erzeugt, wobei die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit bevorzugt durch eine Drehbewegung um eine Drehachse der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit den zirkulierenden Mahlstrom im Trichter erzeugt. Die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste im Trichter erfahren folglich durch die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit zusätzlich ein Verrühren beziehungsweise Vermischen. Im Trichter entsteht dadurch ein Mahlstrom, der bevorzugt in horizontaler und gleichzeitig auch in vertikaler Richtung das Material im Trichter zirkuliert.According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, during pre-shredding by the pre-shredding unit, a maelstrom circulating in the hopper is generated, the pre-shredding unit preferably generating the circulating maelstrom in the hopper by a rotational movement about an axis of rotation of the pre-shredding unit. The kitchen waste and/or food leftovers in the hopper are therefore additionally stirred or mixed by the pre-shredding unit. This creates a maelstrom in the hopper, which circulates the material in the hopper preferably in a horizontal and at the same time also in a vertical direction.
Im durch die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit erzeugten zirkulierenden Mahlstrom drehen die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste je nach Position im Trichter mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten. Je näher sich Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste an der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit befinden, desto höher ist deren Geschwindigkeit. Mit zunehmendem Abstand zur Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und abnehmenden Abstand zur Trichterwand nimmt die Geschwindigkeit ab, wobei die Teilchen insbesondere durch Reibung an den Trichterwänden und untereinander gebremst werden. Die unterschiedlich schnell bewegten Teile beziehungsweise Masseströme sowie die Reibung untereinander bewirken ein weiteres Zerkleinern der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste im Mahlstrom, wodurch eine nochmals verstärkte Vorzerkleinerung beziehungsweise Vorhomogenisierung der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste bereits im Trichter erfolgt. Durch die Vorzerkleinerung beziehungsweise Vorhomogenisierung bildet sich im Trichter mithin eine relativ homogene Biomasse aus, wobei nach und nach der gesamte Inhalt des Trichters durch den Mahlstrom bewegt und zerkleinert wird.In the circulating maelstrom generated by the pre-shredding unit, the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers rotate at different speeds depending on their position in the hopper. The closer kitchen waste and/or leftover food is to the pre-shredding unit, the higher its speed. As the distance to the pre-shredding unit increases and the distance to the hopper wall decreases, the speed decreases, with the particles being slowed down in particular by friction on the hopper walls and among each other. The parts or mass flows moving at different speeds as well as the friction between each other cause the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers to be further shredded in the maelstrom, which further increases the pre-shredding or pre-homogenization of the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers already done in the funnel. As a result of the pre-shredding or pre-homogenization, a relatively homogeneous biomass is formed in the hopper, with the entire contents of the hopper gradually being moved through the maelstrom and shredded.
In diesem Verfahren werden die Küchenabfälle und Speisereste bevorzugt so fein zerkleinert, dass die Zellstrukturen der Stoffe zerstört werden, deren Eigenwasser freigesetzt wird und eine homogene, fließfähige Masse entsteht.In this process, kitchen waste and food leftovers are preferably crushed so finely that the cell structures of the substances are destroyed, their own water is released and a homogeneous, flowable mass is created.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung wird vor und/oder während des Vorzerkleinerns eine vorgegebene Menge an Prozesswasser in den Trichter und/oder in die Produktleitung eingeleitet, bevorzugt über eine im Trichter und/oder in der Produktleitung angeordnete Düse und/oder einen Wassereinlass. Dadurch kann die Homogenisierung der vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste verstärkt werden. Zudem kann so der Wassergehalt der aus den Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten durch das Vorzerkleinern entstehenden Masse erhöht beziehungsweise angepasst werden, um eine für das anschließende Zerkleinern im Mahlwerk und Abpumpen über die Pumpe günstige Konsistenz zu erzielen.According to a further preferred embodiment, a predetermined amount of process water is introduced into the funnel and/or into the product line before and/or during the pre-shredding, preferably via a nozzle and/or a water inlet arranged in the funnel and/or in the product line. This can increase the homogenization of the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food. In addition, the water content of the mass resulting from the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers through pre-shredding can be increased or adjusted in order to achieve a consistency that is favorable for subsequent shredding in the grinder and pumping out via the pump.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung wird eine bestimmte Menge an Prozesswasser bevorzugt vor dem Beginn des Vorzerkleinerns zumindest in die Produktleitung eingeleitet. Bevorzugt ist die Menge derart bemessen, dass die Produktleitung komplett gefüllt wird, wobei bevorzugt das eingefüllte Prozesswasser bis zum oberen Bereich des Mahlwerks reicht. Dadurch ist zum einen bereitgestellt, dass die am Ende der Produktleitung angeordnete Pumpe unmittelbar Fluid pumpen kann, und nicht erst durch ein Verdrängen von Luft ein Unterdruck erzeugt werden muss. Zum anderen können dadurch Agglomerationen im Mahlwerk und in der Produktleitung sowie der Pumpe aufgrund von Anhaften pulverförmiger, klebriger und/oder faserförmiger Materialien vermieden werden. Alternativ kann in die Produktleitung auch eine derartige Menge an Prozesswasser eingeführt werden, dass der Wasserpegel über die Oberkante des Mahlwerk-Rotors in den Trichter hinein steigt. Insbesondere bei pulverförmigen und/oder trockenen Stoffen hat diese Methode der Wasserzuführung den Vorteil, dass die Stoffe auch in der untersten Zone des Trichters genügend Prozesswasser für die Herstellung einer Masse mit breiförmiger, pumpfähiger Konsistenz erhält. Zudem werden feste Stoffe, die sich zwischen Messerkranz und Rotor des Mahlwerks ablagern und dadurch möglicherweise das Anfahren des Verarbeitungszyklus blockieren, ausgeschwemmt. In diesem Fall wird zusätzlich Prozesswasser in den Verarbeitungszyklus eingebracht, welches zwar den Wasseranteil der durch das Vorzerkleinern erzeugten Masse basierend auf den vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten etwas erhöht, jedoch die Prozesssicherheit deutlich verbessert.According to a further development, a certain amount of process water is preferably introduced at least into the product line before the start of pre-shredding. The amount is preferably dimensioned such that the product line is completely filled, with the process water filled in preferably reaching up to the upper area of the grinder. On the one hand, this ensures that the pump arranged at the end of the product line can pump fluid directly, and a negative pressure does not have to be generated by displacing air. On the other hand, agglomerations in the grinder and in the product line as well as the pump due to adhesion of powdery, sticky and/or fibrous materials can be avoided. Alternatively, such an amount of process water can be introduced into the product line so that the water level rises above the upper edge of the grinder rotor into the funnel. Particularly for powdery and/or dry materials, this method of water supply has the advantage that the materials receive enough process water even in the lowest zone of the funnel to produce a mass with a mushy, pumpable consistency. In addition, solid substances that are deposited between the blade ring and the rotor of the grinder and thereby potentially block the start of the processing cycle are washed out. In this case, additional process water is introduced into the processing cycle, which slightly increases the water content of the mass produced by pre-shredding based on the pre-shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, but significantly improves process reliability.
Bevorzugt wird der Wassergehalt des sich im Trichter oder in der Produktleitung befindlichen Masse mittels eines Wassergehalt-Sensors, bevorzugt mittels eines induktiven Messverfahrens, eines Mikrowellenresonanz-Verfahrens oder eines photometrischen Verfahrens gemessen. Alternativ können aber auch andere Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Wassergehalts Anwendung finden. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Wassergehaltsmessung kann entsprechend zusätzliches Prozesswasser zugegeben werden, bevorzugt bis ein vorgegebener Wassergehalt, bevorzugt während des Vorzerkleinerns, vorliegt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können basierend auf den ermittelten Wassergehalt der Verfahrensablauf, die Dauer der einzelnen Schritte und/oder die Gesamtzykluszeit eingestellt und/oder angepasst werden.The water content of the mass located in the funnel or in the product line is preferably measured using a water content sensor, preferably using an inductive measuring method, a microwave resonance method or a photometric method. Alternatively, other methods for determining the water content can also be used. Based on the results of the water content measurement, additional process water can be added accordingly, preferably until a predetermined water content is present, preferably during pre-shredding. Alternatively or additionally, the process sequence, the duration of the individual steps and/or the total cycle time can be set and/or adjusted based on the determined water content.
Um zu verhindern, dass nichtorganische Stoffe, wie Textilien, Kunststoffartikel wie Folien und/oder Handschuhe in das Mahlwerk gelangen, erfolgt gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung während des Vorzerkleinerns ein Separieren von nichtorganischen Stoffen, bevorzugt durch Verfangen und/oder Aufwickeln der nichtorganischen Stoffe an zumindest einem Vorsprung, bevorzugt einem Vorzerkleinerungsmesser, besonders bevorzugt einem zumindest teilweise stumpfkantiges Vorzerkleinerungsmesser, der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit. Zudem ist die etwaige für die Biogaserzeugung genutzte abgepumpte Biomasse dadurch weniger mit anorganischen Störstoffen durchsetzt.In order to prevent non-organic substances such as textiles, plastic articles such as films and/or gloves from getting into the grinder, according to a further preferred embodiment, non-organic substances are separated during the pre-shredding, preferably by entangling and/or winding up the non-organic substances at least a projection, preferably a pre-shredding knife, particularly preferably an at least partially blunt-edged pre-shredding knife, of the pre-shredding unit. In addition, any pumped-out biomass used to produce biogas is less contaminated with inorganic contaminants.
Wenn ferromagnetische Stoffe durch ein Aufbringen einer magnetischen Kraft zumindest in einem Bereich einer Trichterwand des Trichters aus den Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zumindest während des Vorzerkleinerns, aussortiert werden, wie in einer bevorzugten Ausbildung des Verfahrens vorgesehen, kann verhindert werden, dass diese Stoffe das Mahlwerk blockieren und Schäden an der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit, dem Mahlwerk und/oder der Pumpe verursachen. Zudem ist die etwaige für die Biogaserzeugung genutzte abgepumpte Biomasse dadurch weniger mit anorganischen Verunreinigungen durchsetzt. Durch die Drehbewegung der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit entsteht eine Strömung, mithin der Mahlstrom, der die relativ schweren ferromagnetische Stoffe, wie Besteckteile, im Wesentlichen aufgrund einer Zentrifugalkraft in Richtung der Trichterwand bewegt, an welcher sie durch die magnetische Kraft gehalten und fixiert werden.If ferromagnetic substances are sorted out of the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers by applying a magnetic force at least in a region of a funnel wall of the funnel, preferably at least during pre-shredding, as provided in a preferred embodiment of the method, these substances can be prevented block the grinder and cause damage to the pre-shredding unit, the grinder and/or the pump. In addition, any pumped-out biomass used for biogas production is less contaminated with inorganic contaminants. The rotational movement of the pre-shredding unit creates a flow, i.e. the maelstrom, which moves the relatively heavy ferromagnetic materials, such as cutlery items, essentially due to a centrifugal force in the direction of the funnel wall, on which they are held and fixed by the magnetic force.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterführung werden die separierten Stoffe und/oder die aussortierten Stoffe nach Beendigung des Zerkleinerns und Abpumpens aus dem Trichter entnommen. So steht das gesamte Trichtervolumen einem erneuten Befüllen mit zu zerkleinernden Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten zur Verfügung.According to a preferred continuation, the separated substances and/or the sorted out substances are removed from the hopper after the crushing and pumping has been completed. This means that the entire funnel volume is available for refilling with kitchen waste and/or leftover food that needs to be shredded.
Entsprechend einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung wird in einer Schlussphase des Abpumpens der Trichter und/oder ein den Trichter während des Betriebs bedeckender Deckel mittels eingespritzten Prozesswassers vorgereinigt. Bevorzugt erfolgt das Einspritzen des Prozesswassers in der letzten Phase der Homogenisierung bei schon weitgehend geleertem Eingabetrichter, wobei bevorzugt das Prozesswasser über eine auf den Deckel der Eingabestation gerichtete Düse zugeführt wird. Das hat zur Folge, dass das Prozesswasser breit über die noch im Trichter befindliche Biomasse versprüht wird und der Deckel und der Trichterbereich grob gereinigt werden.According to a further preferred embodiment, in a final phase of pumping out, the funnel and/or a lid covering the funnel during operation is pre-cleaned using injected process water. The process water is preferably injected in the last phase of homogenization when the input funnel is already largely emptied, with the process water preferably being supplied via a nozzle directed at the cover of the input station. This means that the process water is sprayed widely over the biomass still in the hopper and the lid and the hopper area are roughly cleaned.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung rotieren die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und/oder das Mahlwerk mit einer Drehzahl von 700 bis 2800 Umdrehungen pro Minute, bevorzugt mit einer Drehzahl von 1400 Umdrehungen pro Minute, wobei die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und das Mahlwerk bevorzugt synchron rotieren. Die Drehzahl kann bevorzugt an einer entsprechenden Steuerung eingestellt oder durch diese vorgegeben werden. Je höher die Drehzahl des rotierenden Mahlwerks sowie der rotierenden Vorzerkleinerungseinheit ist, desto kleiner wird die beim Zerkleinern der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste entstehende Partikelgröße. Mit der Steuerung/Regelung der Drehzahl lässt sich die gewünschte Partikelgröße der zerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und Speisereste einstellen. Bei sehr kleiner Partikelgröße bildet sich eine Suspension, in der Feststoffe und Flüssigkeit gebunden sind. Die so entstandene Masse ist dann besonders leicht zu pumpen und kann aufgrund der Gravitation bereits in einer leicht geneigten Rohrleitung in Gravitationsrichtung abfließen, was ein nahezu vollständiges Entleeren von Trichter, Mahlwerk und/oder Produktleitung ermöglicht.According to a further preferred embodiment, the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder rotate at a speed of 700 to 2800 revolutions per minute, preferably at a speed of 1400 revolutions per minute, with the pre-shredding unit and the grinder preferably rotating synchronously. The speed can preferably be set on a corresponding controller or specified by it. The higher the speed of the rotating grinder and the rotating pre-shredding unit, the smaller the particle size created when shredding the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers. The desired particle size of the shredded kitchen waste and food leftovers can be adjusted by controlling the speed. If the particle size is very small, a suspension is formed in which solids and liquid are bound. The resulting mass is then particularly easy to pump and, due to gravity, can flow away in a slightly inclined pipeline in the direction of gravity, which enables the hopper, grinder and/or product line to be almost completely emptied.
Um ein verbessertes Zerkleinerungs- und/oder Durchmischungsverhältnis beziehungsweise einen höheren Grad an Homogenisierung zu erzielen, kann die Drehzahl der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und/oder des Mahlwerks einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung folgend variiert werden und/oder die Drehung der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und/oder des Mahlwerks unterbrochen werden und/oder der Drehsinn der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und/oder des Mahlwerks umgekehrt werden. Bevorzugt erfolgen das Variieren der Drehzahl, das Unterbrechen der Drehung und/oder die Umkehrung des Drehsinns gemäß einem vorgegebenen zeitlichen Ablauf, wobei der Ablauf bevorzugt mittels einer Steuerung gesteuert/geregelt wird.In order to achieve an improved shredding and/or mixing ratio or a higher degree of homogenization, the speed of the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder can be varied following a further preferred development and/or the rotation of the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder can be interrupted and /or the direction of rotation of the pre-shredding unit and/or the grinder can be reversed. The varying of the speed, the interruption of the rotation and/or the reversal of the direction of rotation preferably take place according to a predetermined time sequence, the sequence preferably being controlled/regulated by means of a controller.
Um die Effizienz des Verfahrens zu erhöhen und das Verletzungsrisiko für Bedienpersonal zu reduzieren, kann das Verfahren zumindest teilweise automatisiert sein, wobei bevorzugt zumindest der Beginn des Vorzerkleinerns und/oder das Beenden des Abpumpens automatisch erfolgen, wobei bevorzugt ein Sensorsignal den Beginn des Vorzerkleinern und/oder den Beginn und/oder die Beendigung des Abpumpens auslöst.In order to increase the efficiency of the method and reduce the risk of injury to operating personnel, the method can be at least partially automated, with at least the start of the pre-shredding and/or the termination of the pumping preferably taking place automatically, with a sensor signal preferably indicating the start of the pre-shredding and/or or triggers the start and/or stop of pumping.
Bevorzugt wird mittels eines Sensors ermittelt, wenn der Trichter vollständig beziehungsweise bis zu einem vorgegebenen Wert gefüllt ist. Die Ermittlung des Füllstands kann gewichtsbezogen, induktiv und/oder optisch erfolgen. Alternativ kann die Messung des Füllstandes aber auch durch an sich bereits bekannte andere Arten von Sensoren erfolgen. Entspricht die Befüllung des Trichters dem Vorgabewert und/oder überschreitet diesen, gibt der Sensor ein entsprechendes Signal ab, welches einen Beginn des Vorzerkleinerns auslöst.A sensor is preferably used to determine when the funnel is completely filled or filled to a predetermined value. The level can be determined based on weight, inductively and/or optically. Alternatively, the level can also be measured using other types of sensors that are already known. If the filling of the hopper corresponds to the specified value and/or exceeds it, the sensor emits a corresponding signal, which triggers the start of pre-shredding.
Weiterhin werden bevorzugt während des Vorzerkleinerns eine Drehzahl und/oder ein Drehmoment und/oder ein Drehwiderstand eines zumindest die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit antreibenden Antriebs zumindest abschnittsweise oder intermittierend, bevorzugt kontinuierlich ermittelt. In einer Weiterführung wird eine zeitliche Änderung zumindest eines der ermittelten Werte, bevorzugt die zeitliche Änderung des Drehmoments beziehungsweise des Drehwiderstands, mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzwert und/oder Vorgabewert verglichen. Die vorgenannte zeitliche Änderung kann als Maß für den Grad der Homogenisierung der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste genutzt werden, wobei, wenn die zeitliche Änderung geringer ist als der Grenzwert und/oder Vorgabewert und/oder innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Bereichs liegt, die durch das Vorzerkleinern entstandene Masse hinreichend homogen ist, so dass ein effektives Abpumpen durch die Pumpe und ein gleichzeitig erfolgendes Zerkleinern im Mahlwerk möglich ist. Dies kann als Auslösesignal für einen Beginn des Abpumpens genutzt werden.Furthermore, during the pre-shredding, a speed and/or a torque and/or a rotational resistance of a drive driving at least the pre-shredding unit are preferably determined at least in sections or intermittently, preferably continuously. In a continuation, a change over time of at least one of the determined values, preferably the change over time in the torque or rotational resistance, is compared with a predetermined limit value and/or preset value. The aforementioned temporal change can be used as a measure of the degree of homogenization of the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, whereby if the temporal change is less than the limit and/or default value and/or lies within a predetermined range, then the change resulting from the pre-shredding The mass is sufficiently homogeneous so that it can be pumped out effectively by the pump and simultaneously crushed in the grinder. This can be used as a trigger signal to start pumping.
Ferner kann entsprechend einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung ein Leerstand des Trichters und/oder ein Flüssigkeitsstand in der Produktleitung erfasst werden, wobei bei Erreichen des Leerstandes und oder Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Flüssigkeitsstands ein Einspritzen beziehungsweise Nachspritzen von Prozesswasser ausgelöst werden oder das Abpumpen beendet werden kann. Die Ermittlung des Leerstandes kann gewichtsbezogen, induktiv und/oder optisch erfolgen.Furthermore, according to a further preferred embodiment, an empty level of the funnel and/or a liquid level in the product line can be detected, whereby when the empty level is reached and/or the liquid level falls below a predetermined level, an injection or subsequent injection of process water can be triggered or the pumping out can be stopped. The vacancy level can be determined based on weight, inductively and/or optically.
Die oben gestellte Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zum Homogenisieren von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie der vorliegenden Beschreibung und den Figuren.The above object is further achieved by a device for shredding kitchen waste and/or leftover food, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or leftover food, with the features of
Entsprechend wird eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zum Homogenisieren von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, vorgeschlagen, umfassend einen Trichter zum Aufnehmen von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, ein an einem Trichterboden des Trichters angeordnetes Mahlwerk zum Zerkleinern, bevorzugt Homogenisieren, der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste und eine über eine Produktleitung mit dem Mahlwerk verbundene Pumpe zum Abpumpen zerkleinerter Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste, wobei in dem Trichter eine sich von dem Trichterboden in das Innere des Trichters erstreckende Vorzerkleinerungseinheit zum Vorzerkleinern der in dem Trichter befindlichen Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste angeordnet ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Steuerung vorgesehen, die dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Vorzerkleinern mittels der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und anschließend ein Einschalten der Pumpe zum Abpumpen zerkleinerter Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste zu steuern.Accordingly, a device for shredding kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, is proposed, comprising a funnel for receiving kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, a grinder arranged on a funnel bottom of the funnel for shredding, preferably homogenizing , kitchen waste and/or leftover food and a product line a pump connected to the grinder for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food, with a pre-shredding unit extending from the bottom of the funnel into the interior of the funnel being arranged in the funnel for pre-shredding the kitchen waste and/or food leftovers located in the funnel. According to the invention, a control is provided which is set up to control pre-shredding by means of the pre-shredding unit and then switching on the pump for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers.
Unter "Steuerung" wird hier eine Einrichtung verstanden, die die gerichtete Beeinflussung des Verhaltens technischer Systeme sowohl durch Vorgabe eines Vorgabewertes als auch durch Anpassung des Vorgabewertes infolge eines rückgeführten Vergleichssignals oder Messsignals beziehungsweise Messgliedes ermöglicht. Die Steuerung ist mithin zum Steuern und/oder Regeln der Vorrichtung eingerichtet.“Control” here is understood to mean a device that enables the behavior of technical systems to be influenced in a directed manner both by specifying a default value and by adapting the default value as a result of a returned comparison signal or measurement signal or measuring element. The control is therefore set up to control and/or regulate the device.
Dadurch, dass eine Steuerung vorgesehen ist, die dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Vorzerkleinern mittels der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit und anschließend ein Einschalten der Pumpe zum Abpumpen zerkleinerter Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste zu steuern, können die hinsichtlich des Verfahrens beschriebenen Vorteile analog erzielt werden.Because a controller is provided which is set up to control pre-shredding by means of the pre-shredding unit and then switching on the pump for pumping out shredded kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, the advantages described with regard to the method can be achieved in an analogous manner.
Bevorzugt weist zumindest eine Trichterwand, bevorzugt alle Trichterwände, eine Neigung von zumindest 45°, bevorzugt zumindest 50°, besonders bevorzugt zumindest 55° und ganz besonders bevorzugt von zumindest 60° gegenüber der Horizontalen auf. Mit anderen Worten schließen die Trichterwand und die Richtung der Erdbeschleunigung einen Winkel von maximal 45°, bevorzugt maximal 40°, besonders bevorzugt maximal 35° und ganz besonders bevorzugt von maximal 30° ein. Durch die hohe Steigung der Trichterwand ist ermöglicht, dass die sich im Trichter befindlichen Festkörper und Flüssigkeiten beziehungsweise deren Suspension gravitationsbedingt im Wesentlichen selbstständig in Richtung zum Trichterboden hin fließen beziehungsweise sich bewegen. Um den Selbstfluss der vorgenannten Stoffe besonders sicher gewährleisten zu können, weist der Trichterboden eine Neigung von zumindest 60° gegenüber der Horizontalen auf.Preferably, at least one funnel wall, preferably all funnel walls, has an inclination of at least 45°, preferably at least 50°, particularly preferably at least 55° and very particularly preferably at least 60° relative to the horizontal. In other words, the funnel wall and the direction of gravitational acceleration form an angle of a maximum of 45°, preferably a maximum of 40°, particularly preferably a maximum of 35° and very particularly preferably a maximum of 30°. The high gradient of the funnel wall makes it possible for the solids and liquids in the funnel or their suspension to flow or move essentially independently towards the bottom of the funnel due to gravity. In order to be able to ensure the self-flow of the aforementioned substances particularly safely, the funnel bottom has an inclination of at least 60° compared to the horizontal.
Bevorzugt ist die Pumpe über eine Transportleitung mit einem Tank zum Aufnehmen und/oder Lagern der zerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste verbunden.The pump is preferably connected via a transport line to a tank for receiving and/or storing the shredded kitchen waste and/or leftover food.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist mindestens ein Sensor zum Erfassen eines Füllstands in dem Trichter und/oder in der Produktleitung vorgesehen, wobei die Steuerung dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Sensorsignal des Sensors zu empfangen. Bevorzugt wird mittels des Sensors ermittelt, wenn beziehungsweise ob der Trichter und/oder die Produktleitung vollständig beziehungsweise zu einem vorgegebenen Wert gefüllt ist. Die Ermittlung des Füllstands kann gewichtsbezogen oder optisch erfolgen. Alternativ kann der Füllstand aber auch durch an sich bereits bekannte andere Arten von Sensoren ermittelt werden. Entspricht die Befüllung des Trichters dem Vorgabewert und/oder überschreitet diesen, gibt der Sensor ein entsprechendes Signal an die Steuerung ab, welches bevorzugt einen Beginn des Vorzerkleinerns durch die Steuerung auslöst.According to a further preferred embodiment, at least one sensor is provided for detecting a fill level in the funnel and/or in the product line, the controller being set up to receive a sensor signal from the sensor. The sensor is preferably used to determine if or whether the funnel and/or the product line is complete or is filled to a specified value. The level can be determined based on weight or visually. Alternatively, the fill level can also be determined using other types of sensors that are already known. If the filling of the hopper corresponds to the specified value and/or exceeds it, the sensor sends a corresponding signal to the control, which preferably triggers the start of pre-shredding by the control.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind zumindest zwei Sensoren vorgesehen, wobei ein erster Sensor zum Erfassen eines Leerstandes des Trichters und vorgesehen ist und ein zweiter Sensor zum Erfassen eines vorgegebenen Füllstands, bevorzugt eines Betriebsbeginn-Füllstands, vorgesehen ist, wobei die Steuerung dazu eingerichtet ist, Sensorsignale des ersten und zweiten Sensors zu empfangen. Neben dem oben genannten Ermitteln des Füllstandes kann so ferner ein Leerstand des Trichters erfasst werden, wobei bei Erreichen des Leerstandes durch die Steuerung bevorzugt ein Einspritzen beziehungsweise Nachspritzen von Prozesswasser ausgelöst oder das Abpumpen beendet werden kann.According to a further preferred embodiment, at least two sensors are provided, with a first sensor being provided for detecting an empty level of the funnel and a second sensor being provided for detecting a predetermined fill level, preferably a start-of-operation fill level, the control being set up to do so. Receive sensor signals from the first and second sensors. In addition to the above-mentioned determination of the fill level, an empty level of the funnel can also be detected, whereby when the empty level is reached, the control can preferably trigger an injection or re-injection of process water or the pumping can be stopped.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein weiterer Sensor zum Erfassen eines Flüssigkeitsstands in der Produktleitung vorgesehen, wobei die Steuerung dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Sensorsignal des weiteren Sensors zu empfangen. Neben dem oben genannten Ermitteln des Füllstandes kann so ferner ein Flüssigkeitsstand in der Produktleitung erfasst werden, wobei bei Erreichen oder Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Flüssigkeitsstands ein Einspritzen beziehungsweise Nachspritzen von Prozesswasser via der Steuerung beendet oder ausgelöst werden oder das Abpumpen beendet werden kann.According to a further preferred embodiment, a further sensor is provided for detecting a liquid level in the product line, with the controller being set up to receive a sensor signal from the further sensor. In addition to the above-mentioned determination of the fill level, a liquid level in the product line can also be detected, whereby when a predetermined liquid level is reached or falls below, an injection or subsequent injection of process water can be stopped or triggered via the control or the pumping out can be stopped.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Steuerung dazu eingerichtet, ein Drehmoment und/oder einen Drehwiderstand eines das Mahlwerk und/oder die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit antreibenden Antriebs, bevorzugt eines Elektromotors, zu erfassen, wobei die Steuerung bevorzugt ferner dazu eingerichtet ist, bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwerts einer zeitlichen Änderung des Drehmoments und/oder des Drehwiderstands des Antriebs die Pumpe einzuschalten. Weiterhin werden bevorzugt während des Vorzerkleinerns eine Drehzahl und/oder ein Drehmoment und/oder ein Drehwiderstand eines zumindest die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit antreibenden Antriebs zumindest abschnittsweise oder intermittierend, bevorzugt kontinuierlich ermittelt. In einer Weiterführung wird eine zeitliche Änderung zumindest eines der ermittelten Werte, bevorzugt die zeitliche Änderung des Drehmoments beziehungsweise des Drehwiderstands mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzwert und/oder Vorgabewert verglichen. Die vorgenannte zeitliche Änderung kann als Maß für den Grad der Homogenisierung der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste genutzt werden, wobei, wenn die zeitliche Änderung geringer ist als der Grenzwert und/oder Vorgabewert und/oder innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Bereichs liegt, die durch das Vorzerkleinern entstandene Masse hinreichend homogen ist, so dass ein effektives Abpumpen durch die Pumpe und ein gleichzeitig erfolgendes Zerkleinern im Mahlwerk möglich ist. Dies kann als Auslösesignal für einen Beginn den Schritt des Abpumpens genutzt werden. Bevorzugt ist die Steuerung mit zumindest einem Sensor zum Erfassen der Drehzahl, des Drehmoments und/oder des Drehwiderstands verbunden.According to a further preferred embodiment, the control is set up to detect a torque and/or a rotational resistance of a drive driving the grinder and/or the pre-shredding unit, preferably an electric motor, wherein the control is preferably further set up to do so when the value falls below a predetermined limit a temporal change in the torque and/or the rotational resistance of the drive to switch on the pump. Furthermore, during the pre-shredding, a speed and/or a torque and/or a rotational resistance of a drive driving at least the pre-shredding unit are preferably determined at least in sections or intermittently, preferably continuously. In a continuation, a change over time of at least one of the determined values, preferably the change over time in the torque or rotational resistance, is compared with a predetermined limit value and/or preset value. The aforementioned temporal change can be used as a measure of the degree of homogenization of the Kitchen waste and/or food leftovers are used, whereby, if the change over time is less than the limit value and/or default value and/or is within a predetermined range, the mass resulting from the pre-shredding is sufficiently homogeneous so that effective pumping out by the pump and simultaneous shredding in the grinder is possible. This can be used as a trigger signal to start the pumping step. The control is preferably connected to at least one sensor for detecting the speed, the torque and/or the rotational resistance.
Bevorzugt ist zumindest einer der Sensoren als induktiv messender Sensor, als Gewichtssensor oder als optischer Sensor ausgebildet.At least one of the sensors is preferably designed as an inductively measuring sensor, as a weight sensor or as an optical sensor.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist ein Rotor des Mahlwerks an seiner Unterseite zumindest ein Pumpelement, bevorzugt in Form eines Steges, zum Einbringen eines Bewegungsimpulses auf eine unterhalb des Mahlwerks befindliche Masse in Richtung der Pumpe auf. Dadurch kann den mittels des Mahlwerks homogenisierten Küchenabfällen und Speiseresten ein Impuls übertragen werden, welcher ein Fördern der vorgenannten Masse in Richtung der Pumpe unterstützt.According to a further preferred embodiment, a rotor of the grinder has at least one pump element on its underside, preferably in the form of a web, for introducing a movement impulse to a mass located below the grinder in the direction of the pump. As a result, an impulse can be transmitted to the kitchen waste and food leftovers homogenized by the grinder, which supports the conveying of the aforementioned mass in the direction of the pump.
Bevorzugte weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden durch die nachfolgende Beschreibung der Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
Figur 1- schematisch eine perspektivische Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten;
Figur 2- schematisch eine Schnittdarstellung der Vorrichtung aus
Figur 1 ; Figur 3- schematisch eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines Mahlwerks der Vorrichtung aus
Figur 1 ; Figur 4- schematisch eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines Details eines Rotors des Mahlwerks aus
Figur 3 ; Figur 5- schematisch eine Schnittansicht eines Trichters der Vorrichtung aus
Figur 1 mit einem angedeuteten Mahlstrom; und Figur 6- schematisch eine perspektivische Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung aus
Figur 1 mit einem angedeuteten Mahlstrom.
- Figure 1
- schematically a perspective side view of a device for shredding kitchen waste and/or leftover food;
- Figure 2
- schematically a sectional view of the device
Figure 1 ; - Figure 3
- schematically a perspective side view of a grinder of the device
Figure 1 ; - Figure 4
- schematically a perspective side view of a detail of a rotor of the grinder
Figure 3 ; - Figure 5
- schematically a sectional view of a funnel of the device
Figure 1 with a hint of a maelstrom; and - Figure 6
- schematically a perspective side view of the device
Figure 1 with an implied maelstrom.
Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Figuren beschrieben. Dabei werden gleiche, ähnliche oder gleichwirkende Elemente in den unterschiedlichen Figuren mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen, und auf eine wiederholte Beschreibung dieser Elemente wird teilweise verzichtet, um Redundanzen zu vermeiden.Preferred exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the figures. The same, similar or identical elements in the different figures are given identical reference numbers, and a repeated description of these elements is partly omitted in order to avoid redundancies.
Am unteren Ende des Trichters 2 ist ein Mahlwerk 3 vorgesehen, welchem über den Trichter 2 organische Küchenabfälle und Speisereise und zugeführt werden. Das Mahlwerk 3 dient zur Zerkleinerung der über den Trichter 2 zugeführten organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste. Das Mahlwerk 3 kann beispielsweise in der in
An dem Mahlwerk 3 ist eine Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 angeordnet, welche von dem Mahlwerk 3 aus zumindest teilweise in den Trichter 2 hereinragt. Mit anderen Worten ragt die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 zumindest teilweise in das durch die Dimensionen des Trichters 2 definierte Volumen V (siehe auch
Die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 dient einerseits zum verbesserten Zuführen von Küchenabfällen und Speiseresten zu dem Mahlwerk 3. Unter Zuführen wird hier sowohl das tatsächliche Fördern der organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste beispielsweise mittels einer Förderschnecke, als auch das Förderbarmachen des organischen Küchenabfalls durch ein Vorzerkleinern oder ein mechanisches Rütteln verstanden, um entsprechend auch leichte, lockere, faserförmige und/oder trockene Küchenabfälle und Speisereste, die bisher im Trichter 2 verklemmten, zum Mahlwerk 3 zuführen zu können. Die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 bereitet also die organischen Küchenabfälle so auf und/oder bewegt sie derart, dass sie dem Mahlwerk 3 zugeführt werden beziehungsweise in dieses hereinrutschen. Die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 kann mit Vorzerkleinerungsmessern 46 versehen ein, um die Küchenabfälle und Speisereste vorzuzerkleinern.The
Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst weiterhin einen Deckel 10, mittels welchem der Trichter 2 abgedeckt werden kann. Vorteilhaft muss der Trichter 2 mit dem Deckel 10 abgedeckt werden, bevor das Mahlwerk 3 und die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 in Betrieb versetzt werden und zu rotieren beginnen. Der Deckel 10 verhindert ein Herausspritzen der zerkleinerten oder zu zerkleinernden Masse aus der Vorrichtung 1 während des Betriebs. Weiterhin ist der Deckel 10 dazu da, zu vermeiden, dass Nutzer in den Trichter 2 herein greifen, wenn das Mahlwerk 3 und/oder die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 betrieben wird. Der Deckel 10 ist vorteilhaft mit einer in dieser Ansicht nicht gezeigten Steuerung verbunden, welche derart ausgerüstet ist, dass das Mahlwerk 3 sowie die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 nur dann betrieben werden können, wenn der Deckel 10 geschlossen ist.The
Die Steuerung weist ferner eine schematisch gezeigte Bedieneinheit 80 auf, mittels welcher ein Nutzer Eingaben an die Steuerung machen und Informationen von dieser erhalten kann.The control also has a schematically shown operating
Eine Düse 14 zum Einspeisen von Prozesswasser in den Trichter 2 ist an einer Trichterwand 20 des Trichters 2 vorgesehen, um bei trockenen organischen Küchenabfällen hinreichend viel Wassergehalt herstellen zu können, um ein nachfolgendes Abpumpen der durch das Mahlwerk 3 zerkleinerten Biomasse zu ermöglichen. Zum Abpumpen der durch das Mahlwerk 3 zerkleinerten, feuchten und weitgehend homogenisierten Biomasse ist nach dem Mahlwerk 3 eine entsprechend dimensionierte Pumpe 5 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise in
Die Düse 14 kann weiterhin auch zur Reinigung des Trichters 2 sowie des Mahlwerks 3, der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 und/oder des Deckels 10 verwendet werden. Zur Reinigung oder zur Zuführung von Prozesswasser kann aber auch mindestens eine weitere Düse an einer anderen Stelle im Trichter 2 und/oder in einer später beschriebenen Produktleitung vorgesehen sein.The
Wie sich beispielsweise aus
Die Tiefe, um welche sich die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 in den Trichter 2 herein erstreckt, ist unter anderem abhängig davon, welche organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste behandelt werden sollen. Weiterhin ist die Tiefe in dieser Ausführungsvariante abhängig davon, wie weit die Vorzerkleinerungsmesser 46 des Mitnehmers 4 von der Trichterwand des Trichters 2 entfernt sind. Dieser Abstand D muss so bemessen sein, dass auch größere leichte Küchenabfälle noch zwischen den schnell rotierenden Vorzerkleinerungsmessern 46 und der Wand des Trichters 2 hindurchrutschen können, sowie insbesondere, dass ein später noch eingehender beschriebener Mahlstrom im Trichter 2 erzeugt werden kann.The depth to which the
Das am Trichterboden 22 angeordnete Mahlwerk 3 ist über eine Produktleitung 7 mit einer Pumpe 5 zum Abpumpen der zerkleinerten Biomasse über eine Transportleitung 15 in einen Tank 6 zur Aufnahme der abgepumpten Biomasse verbunden.The
Die Produktleitung 7 weist einen Wassereinlass 16 auf, durch welchen Prozesswasser in die Produktleitung 7 eingeleitet werden kann.The
Die seitlichen Trichterwände 20 weisen einen Neigungswinkel α von 60° gegenüber der Horizontalen 13 auf. Mit anderen Worten schließen die Trichterwand und die Richtung der Erdbeschleunigung 12 einen Winkel β von 30° ein. Durch die hohe Neigung beziehungsweise Steigung der Trichterwand 20 ist ermöglicht, dass die im Trichter 1 befindlichen Festkörper und Flüssigkeiten beziehungsweise deren Suspension gravitationsbedingt im Wesentlichen selbstständig in Richtung zum Trichterboden 22 hin fließen beziehungsweise sich bewegen.The
An der Trichterwand 20 ist ein Magnetelement 9 angeordnet, mittels welchem ferromagnetische Stoffe durch ein Aufbringen einer magnetischen Kraft aus den Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten aussortiert werden können.A magnetic element 9 is arranged on the
Ferner sind ein erster Sensor 81 zum Erfassen eines Leerstandes des Trichters 2 und ein zweiter Sensor 82 zum Erfassen eines vorgegebenen Betriebsbeginn-Füllstands in dem Trichter 2 an der Trichterwand 20 angeordnet. Die Sensoren 81, 82 sind optisch messende Sensoren. Alternativ kann der Füllstand auch über einen Gewichtssensor beziehungsweise zumindest einen Beschleunigungssensor ermittelt werden, wobei der Füllstand gewichtsbezogen ermittelt wird. Die Steuerung 8 ist dazu eingerichtet, Sensorsignale der ersten und zweiten Sensoren 81, 82 zu empfangen.Furthermore, a
Zudem ist die Steuerung 8 dazu eingerichtet, einen Drehwiderstand eines das Mahlwerk 3 und die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 antreibenden Antriebs zu erfassen. Hierzu ist an dem Mahlwerk 3 ein Sensor 84 zum Erfassen des Drehwiderstands angeordnet.In addition, the
Eine Pumpe 5 ist über eine Produktleitung 7 mit dem Ausgang des Mahlwerks 3 verbunden. Die Pumpe 5 ist dazu eingerichtet, abgepumpte zerkleinerte Küchenabfälle und Speisereste über die Transportleitung 15 in einen Tank 6 abzupumpen. Bevorzugt werden die zerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und Speisereste durch den Druck der Pumpe 5 eine gewisse Strecke in der Transportleitung 15 gefördert. Anschließend fließen die zerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und Speisereste schwerkraftbedingt weiter in den Tank 6.A
Der Rotor 30 umfasst unterschiedlich geformte Mitnehmer 34, welche die zu zerkleinernden organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste mitführen und entsprechend in eine Rotationsbewegung versetzen kann. Ein Messerkranz 36 ist vorgesehen, welcher den Rotor 30 umgibt und welcher als Stator dient. Die von dem Rotor 30 in eine Rotationsbewegung versetzten organischen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste werden entsprechend durch Zentrifugalkräfte an den Messerkranz 36 gedrückt und an diesem so entlang geführt, dass eine Zerkleinerung in den entsprechenden Zwischenräumen zwischen den Messern stattfindet. Die Mitnehmer 34 streichen ihrerseits an dem Messerkranz 36 entlang, so dass sich durch die zwischen den Messern 36 befindlichen Zwischenräume hindurch erstreckende organische Küchenabfälle und Speisereste durch den Mitnehmer 34 abgeschert werden können. Andere Ausführungen des Mahlwerks 3 sind ebenfalls denkbar. Der Sensor 84 erfasst die Drehzahl, das Drehmoment und den Drehwiderstand des Antriebs 32.The
Im Folgenden wird ein Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zum Homogenisieren von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten beispielhaft anhand der vorgenannten Vorrichtung 1 beschrieben, und in den
In einem ersten Schritt werden zu zerkleinernde Küchenabfälle und Speisereste in den Trichter 2 eingebracht und anschließend der Deckel 10 geschlossen. Nachdem der Deckel 10 in den geschlossenen Zustand gebracht wurde, erhält die Steuerung 8 ein entsprechendes Signal und startet den Bearbeitungszyklus durch die Vorrichtung 1.In a first step, kitchen waste and food scraps to be shredded are placed in the
Zunächst wird eine bestimmte Menge an Prozesswasser über den in der Produktleitung 7 vorgesehenen Wassereinlass 16 in die Produktleitung 7 eingebracht. Wenn der dritte Sensor 83 detektiert, dass die Produktleitung 7 bis zu einem bestimmten Niveau mit Wasser gefüllt ist, erhält die Steuerung 8 ein entsprechendes Signal und beendet das Einleiten des Prozesswassers in die Produktleitung 7. Zudem startet die Steuerung 8 den Antrieb 32. Dadurch werden der Rotor 30 und die daran befestigte Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 in Rotation versetzt. Durch die Drehung der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 beginnt diese, die im Trichter 2 befindlichen Küchenabfälle und Speisereste zu zerkleinern beziehungsweise vorzuzerkleinern, im Wesentlichen, in dem die Vorzerkleinerungsmesser 46 die Küchenabfälle und Speisereste zerschneiden und zerschlagen.First, a certain amount of process water is introduced into the
Da die Pumpe 5 sich im ausgeschalteten Zustand befindet, werden die Küchenabfälle und Speisereste nicht durch das Mahlwerk 4 hindurch abgesaugt, sondern verbleiben im Trichter 2 und werden dort weiter zerkleinert. Durch das Vorzerkleinern der Küchenabfälle und Speisereste werden die Zellstrukturen der Bioabfälle bereits im Trichter 2 derart weitgehend zertrümmert, dass bereits im Trichter 2 das in den Küchenabfällen und Speiseresten enthaltene Wasser ausgelöst wird, welches dadurch nutzbar gemacht wird, bevor die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste im Mahlwerk 3 zerkleinert werden.Since the
Aus den zerkleinerten Küchenabfällen und Speiseresten und dem herausgeschlagenen Eigenwasser bildet sich im Trichter 2 aufgrund der Drehbewegung der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 eine wässrige Suspension mit einer breiartigen Konsistenz. Die so vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste erleichtern ein späteres Zerkleinern durch das Mahlwerk 3, wenn diese aufgrund eines Einsetzens der Pumpe 5 aus dem Trichter 2 durch das Mahlwerk 3 hindurch abgesaugt werden. Um den Wasseranteil dieser Suspension zu erhöhen, kann über die Düse 14 Prozesswasser hinzugegeben werden.Due to the rotary movement of the
Aufgrund der Rotation der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 wird neben dem Effekt des Zerkleinerns zudem Energie auf die Küchenabfälle und Speisereste übertragen und diese im Trichter 2 in Rotation versetzt. Dadurch erzeugt die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 im Trichter 2 einen zirkulierenden Mahlstrom 13. Die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste im Trichter erfahren folglich durch die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 zusätzlich ein Verrühren beziehungsweise Vermischen. Im Trichter 2 entsteht dadurch der Mahlstrom 13, der in horizontaler und gleichzeitig in vertikaler Richtung das Material im Trichter 2 zirkulieren lässt. Im durch die Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 erzeugten zirkulierenden Mahlstrom 13 drehen die Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste je nach Position im Trichter 2 mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten. Je näher sich Küchenabfälle und Speisereste an der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 befinden, desto höher ist deren Geschwindigkeit. Mit zunehmenden Abstand zur Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 und abnehmenden Abstand zur Trichterwand 20 nimmt die Geschwindigkeit ab, wobei die Teilchen insbesondere durch Reibung an den Trichterwänden 20 und untereinander gebremst werden. Die unterschiedlich schnell bewegten Teile beziehungsweise Masseströme sowie deren Reibung untereinander bewirken ein weiteres Zerkleinern der Küchenabfälle und Speisereste im Mahlstrom 13, wodurch eine nochmals verstärkte Vorhomogenisierung der Küchenabfälle und Speisereste bereits im Trichter 2 erfolgt. Durch die Vorzerkleinerung bildet sich im Trichter 2 mithin eine relativ homogene Biomasse aus, wobei nach und nach der gesamte Inhalt des Trichters 2 durch den Mahlstrom 13 bewegt und zerkleinert wird.Due to the rotation of the
Wie aus den
Nichtorganische Stoffe, wie Textilien, Kunststoffartikel wie Folien oder Handschuhe werden während des Vorzerkleinerns an den Vorzerkleinerungsmessern 46 gefangen und aufgewickelt und so von den organischen Bestandteilen separiert.Non-organic substances, such as textiles, plastic items such as films or gloves, are caught and wound up on the
Ferner werden ferromagnetische Stoffe, wie Messer oder Gabeln, durch ein Aufbringen einer magnetischen Kraft mittels des Magnetelements 9 aus dem Mahlstrom 13 aussortiert. Die ferromagnetischen Stoffe bleiben dabei aufgrund der magnetischen Kraft im Bereich des Magnetelements 9 an der Trichterwand 20 haften.Furthermore, ferromagnetic materials, such as knives or forks, are sorted out of the
Um den Wassergehalt der Suspension aus den vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfällen und Speiseresten zu erhöhen, kann über die Düse 14 zusätzlich Prozesswasser beigemengt werden.In order to increase the water content of the suspension from the pre-shredded kitchen waste and food leftovers, additional process water can be added via the
Das Vorzerkleinern erfolgt für die Dauer einer zuvor an der Bedieneinheit 80 gewählten Zeitspanne, bevor die Pumpe 5 gestartet und so das Abpumpen der vorzerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und Speisereste aus dem Trichter 2 und somit das Zerkleinern durch das Mahlwerk 3 gestartet wird.The pre-shredding takes place for a period of time previously selected on the
Nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne des Abpumpens wird durch die Düse 14 der Trichter 2 und der Deckel 10 mittels eingespritzten Prozesswassers bespritzt. Das hat zur Folge, dass das Prozesswasser breit über die noch im Trichter befindliche Biomasse versprüht wird und der Deckel und der Trichterbereich grob gereinigt werden.After a predetermined period of pumping, the
Während des Abpumpens wird der Flüssigkeitsstand in der Produktleitung erfasst, wobei bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Flüssigkeitsstands das Abpumpen beendet wird.During pumping out, the liquid level in the product line is recorded, and pumping out is stopped when the liquid level falls below a predetermined level.
Im Folgenden wird ein Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zum Homogenisieren von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, gemäß einer alternativen Ausbildung beschrieben. Das Verfahren gemäß der alternativen Ausbildung entspricht im Wesentlichen dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren, wobei der Betriebszyklus einen höheren Automatisierungsgrad aufweist.A method for shredding kitchen waste and/or leftover food, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or leftover food, according to an alternative embodiment, is described below. The method according to the alternative embodiment essentially corresponds to the method described above, with the operating cycle having a higher degree of automation.
Das Vorzerkleinern wird hier nicht bereits bei geschlossenem Deckel 10 gestartet, sondern erst, wenn zusätzlich der zweite Sensor 82 erkennt, dass ein vorgegebener Füllstand erreicht ist. Der zweite Sensor 82 übermittelt dann ein entsprechendes Signal an die Steuerung 8, welche darauf die Vorzerkleinerung 4 startet.The pre-shredding is not started here when the
Die Drehzahl der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 wird während des Vorzerkleinerns zwischen einer Drehzahl von 700 und 2800 Umdrehungen pro Minute variiert, um ein verbessertes Durchmischungsverhältnis und eine gute Zerkleinerung unterschiedlicher Stoffe zu erzielen. Zudem wird der Drehsinn der Vorzerkleinerungseinheit 4 während des Vorzerkleinerns mehrfach gewechselt.The speed of the
Ferner wird die Vorzerkleinerung nicht für eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne betrieben, sondern beginnt, wenn eine durch den Sensor 84 und die Steuerung 8 ermittelte Änderung des Drehwiderstands des Antriebs 32 in einem vorgegebenen Drehzahlbereich unterhalb eines bestimmten Grenzwerts beziehungsweise Grenzbetrags liegt. Die vorgenannte zeitliche Änderung wird hier als Maß für den Grad der Homogenisierung der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste genutzt, wobei, wenn die zeitliche Änderung geringer ist als der Grenzwert, die durch das Vorzerkleinern entstandene Masse hinreichend homogen ist, so dass ein effektives Abpumpen durch die Pumpe und ein gleichzeitig erfolgendes Zerkleinern im Mahlwerk möglich ist.Furthermore, the pre-shredding is not operated for a predetermined period of time, but begins when a change in the rotational resistance of the
Das Einspritzen des Prozesswassers zum Vorreinigen wird ferner ausgelöst durch ein Signal des ersten Sensors 81, wenn dieser einen vorgegebenen Leerstand im Trichter 2 ermittelt. Nach dem Beendigen des Abpumpens wird zudem erneut Prozesswasser durch die Düse 14 in den Trichter 2 geleitet, bis der erste Sensor 81 detektiert, dass der Wasserpegel oberhalb des Mahlwerks 3 ist. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass im Mahlwerk 4 Reste der zerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und Speisereste antrocknen und verkrusten.The injection of the process water for pre-cleaning is also triggered by a signal from the
Die vorliegende Beschreibung bezieht sich auch auf ein Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zum Homogenisieren von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, umfassend den Schritt des Beschickens eines Trichters 2 zum Aufnehmen von Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, welcher an einem Trichterboden 22 mit einem Mahlwerk 3 zum Zerkleinern, bevorzugt Homogenisieren, der Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste versehen und von dem Mahlwerk 3 über eine Produktleitung 7 mit einer Pumpe 5 zum Abpumpen zerkleinerter Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste verbunden ist, mit zu zerkleinernden Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, und den Schritt des Abpumpens der durch das Mahlwerk 3 zerkleinerten Küchenabfälle und/oder Speisereste mittels der Pumpe 5, wobei ferromagnetische Stoffe durch ein Aufbringen einer magnetischen Kraft zumindest in einem Bereich einer Trichterwand 20 des Trichters 2 aus den Küchenabfällen und/oder Speiseresten, bevorzugt zumindest während des Vorzerkleinerns, aussortiert werden.The present description also relates to a method for shredding kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, preferably for homogenizing kitchen waste and/or food leftovers, comprising the step of loading a
Die Vorrichtung 1 weist entsprechend bevorzugt eine Magnetvorrichtung auf, mittels welcher die magnetische Kraft in zumindest einem Bereich der Trichterwand 20 des Trichters 2 aufgebracht werden kann. Die Magnetvorrichtung kann beispielsweise in Form eines Elektromagneten oder eines Permanentmagneten vorgesehen sein.The
Soweit anwendbar, können alle einzelnen Merkmale, die in den Ausführungsbeispielen dargestellt sind, miteinander kombiniert und/oder ausgetauscht werden, ohne den Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen.To the extent applicable, all individual features shown in the exemplary embodiments can be combined and/or exchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the invention.
- 11
- Vorrichtungcontraption
- 22
- Trichterfunnel
- 2020
- Trichterwandfunnel wall
- 2222
- Trichterbodenfunnel bottom
- 33
- Mahlwerkgrinder
- 3030
- Rotorrotor
- 3232
- Antriebdrive
- 3434
- Mitnehmertaker
- 3636
- MesserkranzKnife wreath
- 3737
- Unterseitebottom
- 3838
- Stegweb
- 300300
- DrehachseAxis of rotation
- 44
- VorzerkleinerungseinheitPre-shredding unit
- 4646
- VorzerkleinerungsmesserPre-shredding knife
- 400400
- DrehachseAxis of rotation
- 55
- Pumpepump
- 66
- Tanktank
- 77
- ProduktleitungProduct management
- 88th
- Steuerungsteering
- 8080
- BedieneinheitControl unit
- 8181
- Sensorsensor
- 8282
- Sensorsensor
- 8383
- Sensorsensor
- 8484
- Sensorsensor
- 99
- Magnetmagnet
- 1010
- DeckelLid
- 1111
- Horizontalehorizontal
- 1212
- Erdbeschleunigungsrichtungdirection of gravitational acceleration
- 1313
- MahlstromMaelstrom
- 1414
- Düsejet
- 1515
- TransportleitungTransport line
- 1616
- WassereinlassWater inlet
- αα
- NeigungswinkelAngle of inclination
- ββ
- Winkelangle
Claims (15)
- Method for grinding kitchen waste and/or food remnants, preferably for homogenising kitchen waste and/or food remnants, comprising the step of feeding a hopper (2) for receiving kitchen waste and/or food remnants, which is provided on a hopper base (22) with a grinder (3) for grinding, preferably homogenising, the kitchen waste and/or food remnants, and is connected from the grinder (3) via a product line (7) to a pump (5) for pumping out ground kitchen waste and/or food remnants, with kitchen waste and/or food remnants to be ground, and the step of pumping out the kitchen waste and/or food remnants ground by the grinder (3) by means of the pump (5),
characterised in that
before the step of pumping out, in the hopper (2), pre-grinding of the kitchen waste and/or food remnants located in the hopper (2) is performed by means of a pre-grinding unit (4) projecting into the hopper (2), wherein a homogenised mass is formed from the kitchen waste and/or food remnants in the hopper (2) during the step of pre-grinding, wherein the pump (5) is only switched on after the step of pre-grinding, in order to start pumping out. - Method according to claim 1, characterised in that during pre-grinding by the pre-grinding unit (4), a vortex (13) circulating in the hopper (2) is produced, wherein the pre-grinding unit (4) preferably produces the circulating vortex (13) in the hopper (2) by means of a rotational movement about an axis of rotation (400) of the pre-grinding unit (4).
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that before and/or during pre-grinding, a predetermined quantity of process water is introduced into the hopper (2) and/or into the product line (7), preferably via a nozzle (14) arranged in the hopper (2) and/or in the product line (7) and/or a water inlet (16).
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that during pre-grinding, a separation of inorganic materials takes place, preferably by entangling and/or winding the inorganic materials on at least one projection, preferably a pre-grinding blade (46), most preferably an at least partially blunt-edged pre-grinding blade (46), of the pre-grinding unit (4).
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that ferromagnetic materials are sorted from the kitchen waste and/or food remnants by applying a magnetic force at least in a region of a hopper wall (20) of the hopper (2), preferably at least during pre-grinding.
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that in a final phase of pumping out, the hopper (2) and/or a lid (10) covering the hopper (2) during operation is/are pre-cleaned by means of injected process water.
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pre-grinding unit (4) and/or the grinder (3) rotate at a speed of 700 to 2800 revolutions per minute, preferably at a speed of 1400 revolutions per minute, wherein the pre-grinding unit (4) and the grinder (3) preferably rotate synchronously.
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the speed of the pre-grinding unit (4) and/or the grinder (3) is varied and/or the rotation of the pre-grinding unit (4) and/or the grinder (3) is interrupted and/or the direction of rotation of the pre-grinding unit (4) and/or the grinder (3) is reversed.
- Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the method is at least partially automated, wherein preferably at least the start of pre-grinding and/or the end of pumping out take place automatically, wherein preferably a sensor signal triggers the start of pre-grinding and/or the start and/or the end of pumping out.
- Device (1) for grinding of grinding of kitchen waste and/or food remnants, preferably for homogenising kitchen waste and/or food remnants, comprising a hopper (2) for receiving kitchen waste and/or food remnants, a grinder (3) arranged on a hopper base (22) of the hopper (2) for grinding, preferably homogenising, the kitchen waste and/or food remnants and a pump (5) connected to the grinder (3) via a product line (7) for pumping out ground kitchen waste and/or food remnants, wherein a pre-grinding unit (4) extending from the hopper base (22) into the inside of the hopper (2) for pre-grinding the kitchen waste and/or food remnants located in the hopper (2) is arranged in the hopper (2),
characterised in that
a controller (8) is provided, which is designed to control pre-grinding to form a homogenised mass from the kitchen waste and/or food remnants in the hopper (2) by means of the pre-grinding unit (4) and subsequent switching on of the pump (5) to pump out ground kitchen waste and/or food remnants. - Device (1) according to claim 10, characterised in that at least one sensor (81, 82, 83) is provided for detecting a fill-level in the hopper (2) and/or in the product line, wherein the controller (8) is designed to receive a sensor signal from the sensor.
- Device (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that at least two sensors (81, 82) are provided, wherein a first sensor (81) is provided for detecting an empty state of the hopper (2) and a second sensor (82) is provided for detecting a predetermined fill-level, preferably a start of operation fill-level, wherein the controller (8) is designed to receive sensor signals from the first and second sensors (81, 82).
- Device (1) according to claim 10 to 12, characterised in that a further sensor (83) is provided for detecting a liquid level in the product line, wherein the controller (8) is designed to receive a sensor signal from the further sensor (83).
- Device (1) according to any of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the controller (8) is designed to detect a torque and/or a rotational resistance of a drive (23) driving the grinder (3) and/or the pre-grinding unit (4), preferably of an electric motor, wherein the controller (8) is preferably further designed to switch on the pump (5) when the torque and/or the rotational resistance of the drive (32) falls below a predetermined threshold for a change over time.
- Device (1) according to any of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that a rotor (30) of the grinder (3) has at least one pump element on its underside (37), preferably in the form of a rib (38), for introducing a movement impulse to a mass located below the grinder (3) in the direction of the pump (5).
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK17194956.3T DK3467214T3 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FINDING KITCHEN WASTE AND/OR FOOD LEFTOVERS |
PL17194956.3T PL3467214T3 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | Method and device for grinding kitchen waste and/or food remnants |
EP17194956.3A EP3467214B1 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | Method and device for grinding kitchen waste and/or food remnants |
ES17194956T ES2959621T3 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | Procedure and device for shredding kitchen waste and/or food remains |
SG10201808836WA SG10201808836WA (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2018-10-05 | Method and device for comminuting kitchen waste and/or food residues |
US16/153,583 US10994279B2 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2018-10-05 | Method and device for comminuting kitchen waste and/or food residues |
CN201811168336.3A CN109622168B (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2018-10-08 | Method and device for comminuting kitchen waste and/or food waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17194956.3A EP3467214B1 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | Method and device for grinding kitchen waste and/or food remnants |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3467214A1 EP3467214A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
EP3467214B1 true EP3467214B1 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17194956.3A Active EP3467214B1 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-05 | Method and device for grinding kitchen waste and/or food remnants |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US10994279B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3467214B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109622168B (en) |
DK (1) | DK3467214T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2959621T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3467214T3 (en) |
SG (1) | SG10201808836WA (en) |
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CN110374171A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-25 | 谈立伟 | A kind of rubbish from cooking diversion trench |
EP3815534B1 (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2022-10-19 | Rondo Burgdorf AG | Spinning machine and method for operating same |
CN111719646A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-29 | 东莞市森菲环保科技有限公司 | Intelligent system for food waste treatment and control method |
CN111921645A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-13 | 玉林市玉博机械有限公司 | Pulverizer with magnetic screening function and use method thereof |
CN113616128A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-11-09 | 华帝股份有限公司 | Food residue treatment method of dish washing machine, food residue treatment module and dish washing machine |
CN118223575B (en) * | 2024-05-24 | 2024-08-16 | 杭州老板电器股份有限公司 | Integrated discharge mechanism and integrated kitchen |
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- 2017-10-05 PL PL17194956.3T patent/PL3467214T3/en unknown
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EP3467214A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
CN109622168A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
SG10201808836WA (en) | 2019-05-30 |
CN109622168B (en) | 2022-09-13 |
DK3467214T3 (en) | 2023-10-30 |
US10994279B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
US20190105660A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
PL3467214T3 (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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