EP3452344A1 - Cylindre hydraulique, en particulier maître-cylindre d'un système de freinage hydraulique - Google Patents

Cylindre hydraulique, en particulier maître-cylindre d'un système de freinage hydraulique

Info

Publication number
EP3452344A1
EP3452344A1 EP17719808.2A EP17719808A EP3452344A1 EP 3452344 A1 EP3452344 A1 EP 3452344A1 EP 17719808 A EP17719808 A EP 17719808A EP 3452344 A1 EP3452344 A1 EP 3452344A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
coupling element
sensor
guide shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17719808.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Graner
Steve SELCH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FTE Automotive GmbH
Original Assignee
FTE Automotive GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FTE Automotive GmbH filed Critical FTE Automotive GmbH
Publication of EP3452344A1 publication Critical patent/EP3452344A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • B60T11/16—Master control, e.g. master cylinders
    • B60T11/20—Tandem, side-by-side, or other multiple master cylinder units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2220/00—Monitoring, detecting driver behaviour; Signalling thereof; Counteracting thereof
    • B60T2220/04—Pedal travel sensor, stroke sensor; Sensing brake request

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydraulic cylinder according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a master cylinder for hydraulic brake systems, as they are used in masses in the automotive industry. STATE OF THE ART
  • a master cylinder is used in the hydraulic brake system of a motor vehicle for generating the hydraulic pressure with which the hydraulic Zuspannorgane (wheel brake cylinders or calipers) are applied to the wheel brakes. It generally comprises a cylinder housing with a cylinder bore, in which at least one piston is accommodated, which delimits a pressure chamber. It is in the case of a single-circuit or step master cylinder for a single-circuit brake system, as e.g.
  • a tandem master cylinder for a dual-circuit brake system such as is used in passenger cars
  • two pistons - a primary piston and a secondary piston - are added in a series arrangement in the cylinder bore, which each associated with a pressure chamber.
  • the (or the) piston are displaceable to generate a pressure in the (respective) pressure chamber along a central axis of the cylinder bore from a non-pressurized rest position to a working position, be it directly via a
  • the signal element is held in a parallel to the cylinder bore near the sensor in the cylinder housing extending guide shaft on a coupling element, via which the signal element is operatively connected to a piston, so that in accordance with a displacement of the piston from the rest position, the signal element is displaced relative to the sensor to detect a working position of the piston.
  • the secondary piston in its initial position with the signal element (measuring member in the parlance of this publication) mechanically coupled via a pin-shaped actuator as a coupling element which extends through a transverse to the central axis of the cylinder housing connecting bore between the guide shaft and the cylinder bore therethrough.
  • the measuring element is spring-biased in the guide shaft in such a way that the pin-shaped actuating element connected to the measuring element is supported on the abutment surface on the secondary piston in the starting position of the secondary piston. If the secondary piston moves away from its initial position as a result of actuation of the tandem master cylinder, the spring-biased measuring element follows over a short section. portion of the movement of the secondary piston, so that a brake operation is detected.
  • a disadvantage of this embodiment of the master cylinder has already been seen in the preamble of claim 1 forming document DE 10 2008 020 934 AI in that due to the required coupling of signal element (position sensing device in the linguistic usage of the latter document) and secondary piston a connection between the cylinder bore the guide shaft is provided, in which the position detecting member is displaceably guided, resulting in an elaborate production of at least the cylinder housing.
  • the primary piston for common movement with a position sensing rod permanently - although loose - to couple, in a cylinder bore parallel guide slot in the cylinder housing is displaceably guided, wherein the position detection rod has the position detecting member (magnetic body), whose position within the guide shaft by means of a mounted on the cylinder housing position detection sensor (Hall sensor) can be detected.
  • the position detection rod has the position detecting member (magnetic body), whose position within the guide shaft by means of a mounted on the cylinder housing position detection sensor (Hall sensor) can be detected.
  • a free, over a first end face of the cylinder housing from the cylinder bore projecting end of the primary piston is formed with a flange.
  • a free, also on the first end face of the cylinder housing projecting, diameter-tapered end of the position detection rod is loosely.
  • the position detection rod itself is displaceably guided in the stepped guide shaft of the cylinder housing, which is introduced from a first end face opposite, the second end face of the cylinder housing in the cylinder housing.
  • the guide shaft is connected to the second end face of the cylinder housing. closed a plant plug.
  • a return spring in the form of a helical compression spring is further received between the ⁇ nfeestopfen and the Positionserfas- rod, which presses the position sensing rod in abutment with the flange of the primary piston.
  • a disadvantage of this prior art is the fact that there is a risk that the relative to the central axis of the cylinder housing eccentrically arranged, clamped between the return spring and the flange of the primary piston position sensing rod tilted at a displacement of the primary piston in the guide shaft, so that the movement the primary piston is opposed to a considerable resistance, which then has to be overcome, and / or sets as a result of the tilting another relative position between the position detection member and the position detection sensor, which can be detrimental to the detection accuracy.
  • the invention has for its object, especially for braking applications in motor vehicles to provide a simple and inexpensive constructed hydraulic cylinder with an integrated Betschistssenstechnik means of a sensor arrangement which avoids the above disadvantages and in which in particular the sensor arrangement does not adversely affect the actuation forces and a cylinder actuation exactly to capture.
  • a hydraulic cylinder in particular a master brake cylinder for hydraulic brake systems, which has a cylinder housing which has a center axis cylinder bore, in which at least one pressure chamber limiting piston is accommodated, which for generating a pressure in the pressure chamber along the central axis of a non-pressurized Rest position is displaceable in a working position
  • a sensor arrangement is provided with a relative to the cylinder housing stationary sensor and a signal element which is held in a parallel to the cylinder bore near the sensor in the cylinder housing extending guide shaft on a coupling element, via which the signal element with the Piston is operatively connected, so that in accordance with a displacement of the piston from the rest position, the signal element is displaceable relative to the sensor to detect a working position of the piston;
  • the coupling element is guided centered with respect to the central axis of the cylinder bore
  • the coupling element thus behaves (at least) neutral in force during actuation of the hydraulic cylinder, thus does not lead to an increase in the actuating forces, as may be the case, for example, in the generic state of the art, if in an axial movement of the piston as a result of simultaneous rotation of the piston Transverse forces occur around the central axis of the cylinder bore between the piston flange and the position detection rod, which forces or reinforces a tilting of the position detection rod in the guide shaft, which in turn causes a tilting of the position sensing rod increased movement resistance in the guide shaft conditionally.
  • a hydraulic cylinder in particular a master cylinder for hydraulic brake systems, comprising a cylinder housing having a central axis having a cylinder bore in which at least one pressure chamber bounding piston is accommodated, which for generating a Pressure in the pressure chamber along the central axis of a non-compressible rest position is displaced to a working position, wherein a sensor arrangement is provided with a relative to the cylinder housing stationary sensor and a signal element in a parallel to the cylinder bore near the sensor in the cylinder housing extending guide shaft at a coupling - Is held element, via which the signal element is operatively connected to the piston, so that in accordance with a displacement of the piston from the rest position, the signal element is displaceable relative to the sensor to a working position of the piston to detect ns;
  • the cylinder housing can thus be provided in a simple and cost-effective manner with said openings or recesses (cylinder bore, guide shaft, connecting region therebetween, if present) starting from one and the same side, without the cylinder housing having to be re-clamped during machining.
  • Umspann myselfe positional and dimensional deviations in the parallelism of the cylinder bore and guide shaft or their radial distance from each other are thus avoided, which in turn is the ease of movement of the coupling element in the guide shaft conducive.
  • the assembly of the piston / piston and the sensor arrangement in or on the cylinder housing is simplified. Another advantage compared to the generic state of the art here is that different plugs, closures, covers or the like. for said openings or recesses in the cylinder housing are not necessary.
  • these openings or recesses in the cylinder housing can be covered or closed on one and the same end face of the cylinder housing in a manner that is easy to assemble, which - compared to the generic state of the art - at this point not least also leads to a reduction in the number the items of the hydraulic cylinder leads.
  • Cylinder bore substantially concentrically arranged centering portion, a holding portion which extends into the guide shaft and holds the signal element in the guide shaft, and having a connecting portion which connects the holding portion rigidly connected to the centering.
  • Such Coupling element can be injection molded in one piece from a " plastic in a cost effective and easy manner.
  • the coupling element can be guided centered directly on the cylinder housing with respect to the central axis of the cylinder bore.
  • the configuration can be made such that the centering section of the coupling element in a concentric with respect to the central axis of the cylinder bore ring recess in the cylinder housing in
  • the coupling element can be guided centered indirectly via the piston on the cylinder housing with respect to the central axis of the cylinder bore.
  • the sealed relative to the cylinder housing piston is already centered in the cylinder bore.
  • the piston may be provided on its side facing away from the pressure chamber with a central blind bore, in which the centering portion of the coupling element is received substantially free of radial play. Is axially fixed in this development, the centering of the coupling element in the blind bore of the piston, however, rotatable relative to the piston, can be advantageously dispensed with an anti-rotation of the piston in the cylinder housing.
  • the coupling element is attached by means of a snap connection on the piston, wherein the
  • Centering is annular and slotted to form spring arms, which are provided on the outer peripheral side with nose-shaped projections seen in cross-section, which engage in a formed on an inner peripheral surface of the blind bore, circumferential radial groove.
  • the stroke or travel of the piston in the cylinder housing can be detected by means of the sensor arrangement.
  • the configuration of the hydraulic cylinder can also be such that the coupling element in the rest position of the piston by means of a is supported against the cylinder housing spring with a force against the piston and thereby holds the signal element in a basic position in which the signal element is not detected by the sensor, and upon displacement of the piston from the rest position to a working position of the piston the force of the spring following the piston can be displaced into a sensing position, in which the signal element held by the coupling element can be detected by the sensor.
  • the signal element does not have to travel along the entire piston stroke, so that the guide shaft in the cylinder housing can be made relatively short.
  • the guide shaft has a substantially cylindrical inner peripheral surface with a predetermined diameter
  • the holding section of the coupling element is a substantially cylindrical Outer peripheral surface whose diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the guide Shaft is, wherein the holding portion is provided on its outer peripheral surface on a side facing away from the sensor with a longitudinally extending web which rests against the réelleurafangs- surface of the guide slot to push the signal element in the direction of the sensor.
  • the guide shaft can be ventilated in a simple manner over the holding section of the coupling element, for which purpose the holding section is provided on the outside circumference with at least one groove which extends from a free end of the holding section along the holding section to a point which extends into each position of the signal element is located outside the guide shaft, and / or what the holding portion is formed as a hollow body which is open at the end remote from the Signalele- element of the holding portion and communicates with the guide shaft via at least one opening, in particular a slot at the free end the holding portion is formed.
  • any principle which is suitable for detecting a relative movement between the signal element and the sensor for example an inductive principle, is conceivable as the measuring principle of the sensor arrangement.
  • the signal element of the sensor arrangement is a magnet
  • the sensor of the sensor arrangement is a Hall sensor.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is finally a tandem master cylinder which has a direct circulation piston and a floating circuit piston connected in series
  • the signal element is preferably operatively connected via the coupling element to the direct circulation piston, so that any actuation of the master brake cylinder can be detected, even if a Brake circuit fails.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a tandem master cylinder for a hydraulic motor vehicle brake system according to the first embodiment of the invention in its unactuated basic or rest position in the unassembled state.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the tandem master cylinder of FIG. 1 corresponding to the sectional line II-II in Fig. 1, with a cylinder bore having a cylinder housing in which a piston assembly is received longitudinally displaceable, the working position can be detected in the cylinder housing by means of a sensor arrangement , wherein a signal element of the sensor arrangement by means of a coupling element operatively connected to the piston assembly and guided in a parallel to the cylinder bore guide shaft;
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged scale compared to FIG. 2
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the tandem master cylinder of Figure 1 obliquely from above / front left. 1, for a better illustration of a through-connected by the coupling element in its mounted state connecting region between the cylinder bore and the.
  • FIG Guide shaft all of which are introduced from one and the same end face in the cylinder housing
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the coupling element of the tandem master cylinder according to FIG. 1, which is reduced in scale relative to FIG. 2 and viewed obliquely from above / at the rear;
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the coupling element according to
  • FIG. 9 is a front view of the coupling element according to FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 shows a sectional view of the coupling element according to FIG. 7 corresponding to the section line X-X in FIG. 9;
  • Figure 11 is a plan view of a tandem master cylinder for a hydraulic vehicle brake system according to the second embodiment of the invention in its unactuated basic or rest position in the unassembled state.
  • Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional view of the tandem master brake
  • Fig. 13 is an enlarged scale compared to FIG. 12
  • FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the actuated tandem master cylinder according to FIG. 11 which is essentially corresponding in scale to FIG. 13 but cut away to the left in FIG. 13, with the piston arrangement in a working position for further illustration of the direct Operative connection between piston arrangement and signal element of the sensor arrangement by means of the coupling element;
  • FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of the tandem master cylinder of Figure 11 from obliquely laterally / front left ..;
  • Main brake cylinder of Figure 11 for better illustration of the cylinder bore and the guide shaft, which are both introduced from one and the same end face in the cylinder housing.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the coupling element of the tandem master cylinder according to FIG. 11, as viewed in the scale of FIG. 12, from obliquely upwards / rearwards at the right; FIG.
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective view of the coupling element according to
  • FIG. 19 is a plan view of the coupling element according to FIG. 17; FIG.
  • FIG. 20 shows a sectional view of the coupling element according to FIG. 17 corresponding to the section line XX-XX in FIG.
  • a master cylinder for a hydraulic motor vehicle brake system - here in the form of a tandem master cylinder - generally by the reference numeral 10 (first embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 10) and 10 '(second embodiment according to FIG Figs. 11 to 20).
  • the master cylinder 10, 10 ' has a cylinder housing 12, 12', which has a cylinder bore 14, 14 ', which has a central axis 15, 15' and
  • piston assembly 16 In the cylinder bore 14, 14 'is a piston assembly 16, 16' longitudinally displaceably received, in a conventional manner, a direct-circuit piston 17, 17 '(also called primary piston ben) and a series-connected floating circuit piston 18, 18' (also secondary piston or intermediate piston).
  • a direct-circuit piston 17, 17 '(also called primary piston ben) and a series-connected floating circuit piston 18, 18' also secondary piston or intermediate piston.
  • Each of the pistons 17, 17 ', 18, 18' is used for the variable limitation of a respective pressure chamber 19, 19 'or 20, 20'.
  • a sensor arrangement 22, 22' is provided (see in particular FIGS. 2 to 4 for the first exemplary embodiment and FIGS. 12 to 14 for the second exemplary embodiment).
  • the sensor arrangement 22, 22 ' comprises a relative to the cylinder the housing 12, 12 'fixed sensor 23, 23' and a relative to the cylinder housing 12, 12 'movable signal element 24, 24'. The latter is held in a parallel to the cylinder bore 14, 14 'near the sensor 23, 23' in the cylinder housing 12, 12 'extending guide shaft 26, 26' on a coupling element 28, 28 '.
  • the signal element 24, 24' in a manner to be described with the direct-circuit piston 17, 17 'operatively connected, so that in accordance with a displacement of the direct-circuit piston 17, 17' from the rest position in the cylinder housing 12, 12 'The signal element 24, 24' relative to the sensor 23, 23 'can be displaced to detect a working position of the direct-circuit piston 17, 17'.
  • a special feature of the master cylinder 10, 10 ' is that, as will be explained in detail below, the coupling element 28, 28' with respect to the central axis 15, 15 'of the cylinder bore 14, 14' centered out to a substantially transverse force-free motion transmission from the direct-circuit piston 17, 17 'to the signal element 24, 24' to effect.
  • Another special feature of the master cylinder 10, 10 ' is the fact that the cylinder bore 14, 14' for the piston assembly 16, 16 ', the guide shaft 26, 26' for the signal element 24, 24 'and - if present - one of the coupling element 28, 28 'through-engaged connecting region 30, 30' between the cylinder bore 14, 14 'and the guide shaft 26, 26' starting from one and the same end face 32, 32 'of the cylinder housing 12, 12' in the cylinder housing 12, 12 'are introduced which allows a particularly simple processing of the cylinder housing 12, 12 'in one clamping.
  • the master brake cylinders 10, 10 ' is also common that - in a conventional manner - between a bottom 34, 34' of the cylinder housing 12, 12 'and the floating circuit piston 18, 18' in Schwi m Vietnameseraum 20, 20 'a Wegnikfeder 35, 35 'is arranged, which is the swimming pool circular piston 18, 18 'in the Fig. 2 and 12 biases to the right.
  • a direct-circle spring 36, 36 ' is arranged in the direct-circuit pressure chamber 19, 19' whose spring force is greater than the spring force of the floating-circle spring 35, 35 'and the direct-circuit piston 17 , 17 'and the swimming-pool piston 18, 18' is able to spread apart.
  • both embodiments initially agree that the cylinder housing 12, 12' near its end face 32, 32 'is provided with a mounting flange 38, 38', by means of which Master cylinder 10, 10 'suitably sealed at a vacuum brake booster (not shown) can be flanged.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17, 17 'starting from its free, over the cylinder housing 12, 12' projecting end with a central blind bore 40, 40 'is provided at the bottom in the mounted state of the master cylinder 10, 10' a plunger (not shown) provides) can act as an output member of the vacuum brake booster operating effective, which in turn in a conventional manner manually via a brake pedal (not shown) can be actuated.
  • the cylinder housing 12, 12' is initially provided on its upper side as a hydraulic input with a primary-side equalizing and trailing port 42, 42 'and a secondary-side compensating and trailing port 43, 43'. provided, via which the master cylinder 10, 10 'by means of seals 44, 44' sealed with a reservoir (not shown) can be connected for hydraulic fluid.
  • This atmospherically ventilated vessel contains hydraulic fluid which is required in order to reduce the additional volume required in the brake system, eg due to wear of the brake linings, to the brake system.
  • Motor vehicle brake system has the master cylinder 10, 10 'also provide the necessary for the braking fluid volume to bring the hydraulic Zuspannorgane from the rest position after overcoming the clearance at the wheel brakes in the plant position. Additional volume must be available to the main brake cylinders 10, 10 'for compensating for elastic deformations and hose expansion, setting of sealing elements and compression of residual air remaining in the system.
  • the piston arrangement 16, 16 In order for a temperature change of the hydraulic fluid not to lead to a change in pressure in the system when the brake is not actuated, and the pressure in the master brake cylinder 10, 10 'subsequently to be reduced to the ambient pressure, the piston arrangement 16, 16 must be at rest be provided for the possibility of this pressure equalization.
  • the master cylinder 10 according to the first embodiment differs from the master cylinder 10 'according to the second embodiment, as will be explained below.
  • the respective central valve 50 is open in the rest position of the pistons 17, 18 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 in order to open the respective pressure chamber 19 or 20 via a piston channel 51 in the respective one
  • each central valve 50 has a valve body 54 which is spring-biased against a sealing seat 52 on the piston channel 51 by means of a valve spring 53 and guided on the respective piston 17, 18, with one in a receiving bore 55 of the respective piston 17, 18th arranged head part 56, which has an elastomeric sealing portion, and the piston channel 51 through- Crossing valve tappet 57.
  • Last acts - indirectly (am
  • Cylinder housing 12 is sealed by means of a static seal in the form of an O-ring 61.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17 extends through a central opening of the lid 60 in Figs. 2 to 4 to the right and is dynamically sealed relative to the cover 60 by means of a lip ring 62.
  • the lid 60 holds at the same time in the direction of the cylinder bore 14 with a collar 63 annular disk 64 at a stage 65 of the cylinder housing 12, wherein the cylinder bore 14 facing annular end face of the collar 63, the abovementioned stop 58 for the valve body 54 of the central valve 50 on Direct-circuit piston 17 is formed.
  • each of the pistons 17, 18 carries a sealing element 66 or 67, here in the form of a groove.
  • the grooved ring 66 on the direct-circuit piston 17 seals the pressure chamber 19 in FIGS. 2 to 4 to the right, while the grooved ring 67 on the floating-circle piston 18 seals the pressure chamber 20 in Fig. 2 to the right.
  • the floating-circle piston 18 also carries a Trennnutring 68, which seals the pressure chamber 19 in Fig. 2 to the left.
  • the primary-side compensating and follow-up region 69 communicates with the primary-side compensating and follow-up port 42 via a compensating and follow-up bore 71, which obliquely with respect to the central axis 15 of the cylinder bore 14 from the end face 32 of the cylinder housing 12 forth, rising toward the compensation and caster terminal 42 is introduced into the cylinder housing 12.
  • the connection between the cylinder bore 14 and the compensating and follow-up borehole 71 is produced by the relative bore of the cylinder bore 14 concentric, partially annular connecting portion 30 in the cylinder housing 12 (see also Fig. 6).
  • the secondary-side compensating and trailing region 70 is hydraulically connected to the secondary-side compensating and trailing port 43 via a compensating and trailing bore 72, which is introduced transversely to the cylinder bore 14 into the cylinder housing 12 and opens into it.
  • both the direct-circular piston 17 and the floating-circle piston 18 are provided with a longitudinal slot 73 or 74 extending transversely through the respective piston.
  • the primary-side longitudinal slot 73 is penetrated by a stop pin 75, on which the valve stem 57 of the valve body 54 in the primary-side central valve 50 can engage centrally. With its ends of the stop pin 75 cooperates with the stop 58 on the annular disc 64 to hold the primary-side central valve 50 in the rest position shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 of the direct-circuit piston 17 against the force of the valve spring 53 open.
  • the secondary-side longitudinal slot 74 is penetrated by a cross-pin fixedly mounted on the cylinder housing 12, which forms the stop 59 with which the remote from the pressure chamber 20 end of the valve stem 57 of the valve body 54 in the secondary-side central valve 50 cooperates to the central valve 50 in the in Fig 2 illustrated rest position of the floating-circle piston 18th keep open against the force of the corresponding valve spring 53.
  • the direct-circuit spring 36 arranged in the pressure chamber 19 is prestressed by means of a tethering device 76, which can be surrounded by the hydraulic fluid and flowed through by two telescopically movable connecting members 77, 78. More specifically, the primary-side connecting member 77 for receiving a pressure-chamber-side end of the direct-circuit piston 17, to which the receiving bore 55 of the direct-circuit piston 17 opens, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a pot portion 79 with a bottom 80, to which one of the hydraulic fluid flow-through pipe section 81 connects, via which the primary-side connecting member 77 is operatively connected to the secondary-side connecting member 78. As best seen in Figs.
  • the bottom 80 at the pot portion 79 of the connecting member 77 also serves as an abutment for the valve spring 53.
  • the pot portion 79 of the primary-side connecting member 77 is finally with a radially outward cranked abutment portion 82 provided for the direct circuit spring 36.
  • the secondary-side connecting member 78 is also cup-shaped, with an abutment region 83 (see Fig. 2) facing the floating-circle piston 18 for the direct-circle spring 36 and a bottom opening 84 (see Fig. 3), through which the tube section 81 of the primary-side connecting member 77 passes extends. Behind the bottom opening 84, the primary-side connecting member 77 is bent over to form a flange 85 in order to secure the primary-side connecting member 77 on the secondary-side connecting member 78. It can be seen that the connecting members 77, 78 are thus telescopically displaceable under compression of the direct-circle spring 36. According to FIGS.
  • the assembly consisting of direct-circuit spring 36 and restraint device 76 is finally supported by the abutment region 83 of the secondary-side connecting member 78 on a crown-shaped end part 86 which points to an end of the floating-circle piston projecting beyond the separating-ring 68 in the direction of the pressure chamber 19 18 is firmly attached, wherein the interior of the connecting member 78 communicates with a cavity 87 in the floating circuit piston 18.
  • the cavity 87 in turn is connected to the pressure chamber 19 via a plurality of openings 88 in the floating-circle piston 18 and the closure part 86.
  • FIG. 2 As far as the central valve 50 in the floating-circuit piston 18 is concerned, this is also secured according to FIG. 2 by means of a cup part 89 on the floating-circle piston 18, which is plugged onto the left-hand end of the floating-circle piston 18 in FIG. 2 and has a right-hand collar 90 as well has a left bottom 91 in FIG. 2.
  • the collar 90 of the pot portion 89 is used for a limitation of a receiving space for the grooved ring 67 on the floating piston 18, on the other hand as an abutment for the bottom 34 of the cylinder housing 12 supporting floating circle spring 35.
  • the bottom 91 of the pot portion 89 forms an abutment for the Valve spring 53 of the central valve 50 and is provided with at least one of the hydraulic fluid flow-through opening (not visible in Fig. 2).
  • the described so far master cylinder 10 operates as follows.
  • the pressure chamber 19 communicates between the direct-circuit piston 17 and the floating-circuit piston 18 via the central valve 50 in the direct-circuit piston 17, indirectly opened by the stop 58 indirectly via the stopper pin 75, the longitudinal slot 73 in the direct-circuit piston 17, the connecting region 30 and the compensation and follow-up bore 71 in the cylinder housing 12 with sen primary side balancing and caster port 42 and thus the reservoir, not shown here.
  • the hydraulic fluid pending without pressure in the compensating and follow-up bore 71 can follow the connecting region 30, the primary-side compensating and trailing region 69 and the opened central valve 50 in the direct-circuit piston 17 into the pressure chamber 19.
  • the pressure chamber 20 between the floating circuit piston 18 and the bottom 34 of the cylinder housing 12, however, is about the means of the stopper 59 positively opened central valve 50 in the floating piston 18, the longitudinal slot 74 in the floating circuit piston 18 comprehensive, secondary side compensation and trailing area 70 and the compensation and lag bore 72 in the cylinder housing 12 with its secondary side compensating and lagging port 43 and thus the reservoir in fluid communication.
  • the hydraulic fluid pressurelessly present in the compensating and follow-up borehole 72 can follow the secondary-side compensating and trailing region 70 through the opened central valve 50 in the floating-circuit piston 18 into the pressure chamber 20.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17 is displaced to the left via the abovementioned ram (not shown) engaging in the blind bore 40 in FIG. 2.
  • the stop pin 75 comes free from the stop 58, whereupon the valve spring 53 closes the central valve 50 in the direct-circuit piston 17, more precisely presses the valve body 54 with its head part 56 against the sealing seat 52 on the piston channel 51.
  • the direct-circuit spring 36 between the direct-circuit piston 17 and the floating-circuit piston 18 is biased by the tether 76 so strong that the direct-circuit spring 36 acts as a rigid connection between the direct-circuit piston 17 and the floating-circuit piston 18 at the beginning of movement of the direct-circuit piston 17.
  • the floating-circuit piston 18 moves together with the direct-circular piston 17, ie, the entire piston assembly 16 against the Force of the floating circuit spring 35.
  • the valve stem 57 of the valve body 54 of the central valve 50 comes in
  • Floating circle spring 35 is pushed back into its rest position. Since the piston 17, 18 faster return to its rest position under the action of the floating spring 35 as the liquid column flows back from the Zuspannorganen, creates a negative pressure in the pressure chambers 19, 20, whereby the valve body 54 of the respective central valve 50 opens against the force of the valve spring 53 , Via the opened central valves 50, hydraulic fluid can now flow from the compensating and follow-up areas 69, 70 permanently communicating with the reservoir into the respective pressure chamber 19, 20. After completion of the Nachsaugvorgangs the rest position of the piston 17, 18 is reached, the central valves 50 remain open, as described.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17 is displaced until the bottom 80 of the connecting member 77 comes into abutment against the bottom of the connecting member 78 which is penetrated by its tube section 81.
  • the floating-circuit piston 18 is now moved mechanically by the direct-circuit piston 17.
  • the hydraulic pressure can be built as intact brake system.
  • master brake cylinder 10 according to the second exemplary embodiment according to Figures 11 to 20, but without central valves in pistons 17 ', 18' of piston arrangement 16 ' , as will be described below.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17 ' like the floating-circle piston 18' in plunger construction, has a piston running surface 92 'or 93' on the outer circumference, which cooperates with the sealing elements 62 ', 66' or 67 ', 68' arranged on the cylinder housing side. More specifically, the cylinder housing 12 'in the region of the cylinder bore 14' with four radial grooves 94 ', 95', 96 ', 97' provided, seen in Figs. 12 and 16 from right to left the recording of the lip ring 62 ', the sealing element 66', the Trennnutring 68 'and the sealing element 67' are used.
  • the primary side compensating and trailing region 69 ' is delimited on the piston running surface 92' of the direct circular piston 17 ', which comprises a ring recess 98' in the cylinder housing 12 ', in which the transversal to the central axis 15'. extending compensating and follow-up bore 71 'to the primary side compensating and lagging connection 42' opens.
  • the separating groove ring 68 'and the sealing element 67' delimit between the piston running surface 93 'of the floating-circle piston 18' the secondary-side compensating and trailing region 70 ', which likewise comprises an annular recess 99' in the cylinder housing 12 ', into which the compensation and follow-up bore 72 'opens to the secondary-side equalizing and overflow connection 43'.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17 'at its end facing the pressure chamber 19' has a central recess 100 'open towards the pressure chamber 19', in which the right-hand end of the direct-circle spring 36 'is received is tied by means of the tether 76 'analogous to the description of the first embodiment telescopically.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17' is further provided with a plurality of compensating bores 101 '(also indicated by dashed lines in FIGS. 13 and 14), which are angularly uniformly angularly angularly eccentric with respect to the central axis 15' according to FIG in the recess 100 'of the direct-circuit piston 17' open.
  • the axial position of the compensation bores 101 'on the direct-circuit piston 17' is selected such that the compensation bores 101 'in the rest position of the direct-circuit piston 17' (see FIGS.
  • the parallel to the central axis 15 ', starting from the end face of the Wegnikkolbens 18' in the piston running surface 93 'extending into compensation grooves 102' are also with respect to the central axis 15 'uniformly angularly from each other.
  • the length of the compensation grooves 102 ' is in this case dimensioned such that, in the rest position of the floating-circle piston 18' shown in FIG. 12, the pressure chamber 20 'extends beneath the sealing element 67' with the annular recess 99 'of the secondary-side compensation and follow-up region 70'.
  • the compensation grooves 102' move under the sealing element 67 'until the sealing element 67' in a working position of the floating-circle piston 18 'cooperates sealingly with its piston running surface 93' to move the pressure chamber 20 'from secondary side compensation and trailing area 70 'to separate, so that a pressure in the pressure chamber 20' can be constructed.
  • the master cylinder 10 'of the second embodiment operates in an analogous manner to the master cylinder 10 of the first embodiment.
  • any actuation movement of the direct-circuit piston 17, 17 ' can be sensed, for example, to control a brake light, for which the sensor arrangement 22 to be described in more detail below , 22 'is provided, which the cylinder housing 12, 12' attached to the sensor 23, 23 ', in the guide shaft 26, 26' of the cylinder housing 12, 12 'guided signal element 24, 24' and the operative connection to the direct-circuit piston 17, 17 ' producing coupling element 28, 28 '.
  • the signal element 24, 24 'of the sensor arrangement 22, 22' is a rod-shaped or cylindrical magnet
  • the sensor 23, 23 'of the sensor arrangement 22, 22' is a Hall sensor.
  • the sensor 23, 23 ' has a sensor housing 104, 104' which is separate from the cylinder housing 12, 12 'and which is positively accommodated in an associated recess 105, 105' of the cylinder housing 12, 12 'extending toward the guide shaft 26, 26'. around the sensor housing 104, 104 'held on a circuit board
  • Hall element 106, 106 'of the sensor 23, 23' to achieve a high signal quality as close to the guide shaft 26, 26 'and thus the signal element 24, 24' to place.
  • the cylinder housing 12, 12 ' is adjacent to the recess 105, 105' with a Attachment projection 107, 107 'is provided, on which the sensor 23, 23' by means of a fastening screw 108, 108 'is secured.
  • the main brake cylinders 10, 10 'in accordance with both exemplary embodiments are also common in that the coupling elements 28, 28' shown separately in FIGS. 7 to 10 or 17 to 20 show a mounted state of the coupling element 28, 28 'with respect to the central axis 15 , 15 'of the cylinder bore 14, 14' substantially concentrically arranged centering portion 110, 110 ', a holding portion 111, 111', which extends into the guide shaft 26, 26 'and the signal element 24, 24' in the guide shaft 26, 26 ' holds, and a connecting portion 112, 112 ', which connects the holding portion 111, III 1 rigidly connected to the centering portion 110, 110'.
  • Entrance of the recess 115, 115 ', this' is provided on the inner peripheral side with snap lugs 116, 116, which form an undercut for fixing the signal element 24, 24' against a bottom 117, 117 'of the recess 115, 115'.
  • the holding section 111, 111' is furthermore provided starting from its front side with a slot 118, 118 ', so that the free end 113, 113' of the holding section 111, III 'during the joining of the signal element 24, 24 'in the recess 115, 115' resiliently Milanfedern.
  • the guide shaft 26, 26 'designed as a blind bore also has a substantially cylindrical inner circumferential surface with a while the holding portion 111, 111 'of the coupling element 28, 28' has a substantially cylindrical outer peripheral surface whose diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the inner peripheral surface of the guide shaft 26, 26 '.
  • the holding portion 111, III 1 is provided on its outer peripheral surface on a side remote from the sensor 23, 23 'side with a longitudinally extending web 119, 119', as best seen in Figs.
  • this venting is realized in that the holding portion 111 is formed as a hollow body, at the end remote from the signal element 24 of the holding portion III to the connecting portion 30th is open and communicates with the guide shaft 26 via at least one opening, here the slot 118, which is formed at the free end 113 of the holding portion 111.
  • the slot 118 which is formed at the free end 113 of the holding portion 111.
  • the retaining portion 111 ' which is designed primarily as a solid body, is provided on the outer peripheral side with at least one, here two diametrically opposed (longitudinal) grooves 120' which extend from the base free end 113 'of the holding portion 111' along the holding portion 111 'extend to a point which is in any position of the signal element 24' outside the guide shaft 26 'to open in the connection region 30' of the cylinder housing 12 '.
  • longitudinal grooves on the holding section could additionally be provided in the first embodiment.
  • the two exemplary embodiments differ.
  • the coupling element 28 lying completely in the primary-side compensating and trailing region 69 of the master brake cylinder 10 and thus "wet-running" is guided centered directly on the cylinder housing 12 with respect to the central axis 15 of the cylinder bore 14. More precisely, as can be seen from FIGS.
  • the hollow-cylindrical centering section 110 of the coupling element 28 is substantially radially playable in a ring recess 121 in the cylinder housing 12 (see also FIG. 6) concentrically with respect to the center axis 15 of the cylinder bore 14. guided freely, with the existing in the primary-side compensation and trailing area 69 hydraulic fluid also provides some lubrication.
  • the coupling element 28 in the rest position of the recti-circuit piston 17 is biased against the direct-circuit piston 17 by means of a spring 122 (helical compression spring) which is supported relative to the cylinder housing 12 and holds the signal element 24 with its holding section 111 in a basic position (FIG and 3) in the guide shaft 26, in which the signal element 24 is not detected by the sensor 23 or the signal detected by the sensor 23 indicates the rest position of the direct-circuit piston 17.
  • the spring 122 is at its in Figs. 2 to 4 right end of the attached in the cylinder housing 12 annular disc 64 at.
  • the left end of the spring 122 in these figures is in a ringför- formed receiving space 123 on the coupling element 28 which is formed between an inner peripheral surface of the centering 110 and the connecting portion 112, more precisely four double-bent, with respect to the central axis 15 uniformly angularly spaced arms 124 of the connecting portion 112, the central, annular hub portion 125 of the connecting portion 112 hold, as best seen in Figs. 7 to 9 can be seen.
  • the lower arm in the latter figures is in a ringför- formed receiving space 123 on the coupling element 28 which is formed between an inner peripheral surface of the centering 110 and the connecting portion 112, more precisely four double-bent, with respect to the central axis 15 uniformly angularly spaced arms 124 of the connecting portion 112, the central, annular hub portion 125 of the connecting portion 112 hold, as best seen in Figs. 7 to 9 can be seen.
  • the lower arm in the latter figures is in a ringför- formed receiving space 123 on
  • annular piston projection 126 (see also FIG concentrically surrounds, which extends through the collar 63 of the annular disc 64, the lip ring 62 and the cover 60 from the cylinder housing 12 also and in which the blind bore 40 is formed.
  • the piston projection 126 and the piston extension 127 in this case limit an annular space 128 into which the collar 63 of the annular disc 64 is able to submerge so that the stop pin 75 accommodated in the longitudinal slot 73 is in abutment with the stop 58 of the annular disc 64 for actuating the central valve 50 in the direct-circuit piston 17 can get.
  • the coupling element 28 can be displaced into a sensing position as a result of the force of the spring 122 in the rectifying piston 17 (FIG. 4), in which the signal element 24 held by the coupling element 28 can be detected by the sensor 23 and the signal detected by the sensor 23 indicates a working position of the direct-circuit piston 17.
  • the axial depths of the guide shaft 26 and the annular recess 121 in the cylinder housing 12 are in this case dimensioned that the spring-biased coupling element 28 comes with its hub portion 125 at a resulting between the cylinder bore 14 and the annular recess 121, annular end face 129 of the cylinder housing 12 to the plant, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the signal element 24 thus follows a movement of the direct-circuit piston 17 only over a very small path, which is sufficient to detect a movement of the direct-circuit piston 17 by means of the sensor 23.
  • the coupling element 28 ' is completely outside the "wet areas" of the master cylinder 10', "runs” in the cylinder housing 12 'so "dry”.
  • the direct-circuit piston 17 'on its side remote from the pressure chamber 19' at the beginning of the central blind bore 40 'with a cylindrical inlet portion 130' is provided, in which the hollow cylindrical centering portion 110 'of the coupling element 28' is taken up substantially free of radial play.
  • the centering portion 110 'of the coupling element 28' is in the input area 130 'of the blind bore 40' tensile and pressure-resistant, ie axially fixed, nevertheless with respect to the direct-circular piston 17 'rotatable.
  • the coupling element 28 ' by means of a snap connection 131' attached to the direct-circuit piston 17 ', wherein the annular centering portion 110' to form spring arms 132 'multiple, here four times slotted, the outer peripheral side with nose-shaped projections 133' are provided in cross-section, which engage in a form-fitting manner in a circumferential radial groove 134 'of the direct circular piston 17' formed on an inner circumferential surface of the input region 130 'of the blind bore 40'.
  • the signal element 24 'held on the holding section III' of the coupling element 28 ' forms the entire stroke of the direct-circuit piston 17' in a suitably deeply formed Guide shaft 26 'mithay what the master cylinder 10' allows a Huber charged on the sensor assembly 22 '.
  • a hydraulic cylinder in particular master brake cylinder for hydraulic brake systems, has a cylinder housing which has a cylinder bore having a central axis, in which less a piston limiting a pressure chamber is received, which is displaceable to generate a pressure in the pressure chamber along the central axis of a non-pressurized rest position into a working position.
  • the hydraulic cylinder further has a sensor arrangement with a stationary relative to the cylinder housing sensor and a signal element, which is held in a parallel to the cylinder bore near the sensor in the cylinder housing extending guide shaft on a coupling element, via which the signal element is operatively connected to the piston, so that in accordance with a displacement of the piston from the rest position, the signal element is displaceable relative to the sensor to detect a working position of the piston.
  • the coupling element is in this case centered with respect to the central axis of the cylinder bore in order to effect a substantially transverse force-free motion transmission from the piston to the signal element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Of Braking Force In Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un cylindre hydraulique présentant un carter de cylindre (12) qui présente un alésage de cylindre (14) doté d'un axe médian (15) et dans lequel est logé un piston (17) qui délimite une chambre de pression (19) et qui peut se déplacer le long de l'axe médian pour générer une pression dans la chambre de pression. Le maître-cylindre est par ailleurs muni d'un système de détection (22) comportant un capteur (23) fixe par apport au carter de cylindre (12) et un élément de signalisation (24) qui est maintenu dans un logement de guidage (26) s'étendant dans le carter de cylindre parallèlement à l'alésage de cylindre à proximité du capteur au niveau d'un élément d'accouplement (28) par lequel l'élément de signalisation coopère avec le piston de sorte qu'en fonction d'un déplacement du piston hors de la position de repos, l'élément de signalisation puisse être déplacé par rapport au capteur pour détecter une position de travail du piston. L'élément d'accouplement est guidé centré par rapport à l'axe médian de l'alésage de cylindre pour assurer une transmission du mouvement du piston sur l'élément de signalisation sensiblement exempte de force transversale.
EP17719808.2A 2016-05-04 2017-04-28 Cylindre hydraulique, en particulier maître-cylindre d'un système de freinage hydraulique Withdrawn EP3452344A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016005377.1A DE102016005377A1 (de) 2016-05-04 2016-05-04 Hydraulikzylinder, insbesondere Hauptbremszylinder für hydraulische Bremsanlagen
PCT/EP2017/000529 WO2017190829A1 (fr) 2016-05-04 2017-04-28 Cylindre hydraulique, en particulier maître-cylindre d'un système de freinage hydraulique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3452344A1 true EP3452344A1 (fr) 2019-03-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17719808.2A Withdrawn EP3452344A1 (fr) 2016-05-04 2017-04-28 Cylindre hydraulique, en particulier maître-cylindre d'un système de freinage hydraulique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3452344A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109415039A (fr)
DE (1) DE102016005377A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017190829A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3620754B1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2022-01-05 KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Support d'aimant et capteur de course avec le support d'aimant
DE102018218608A1 (de) 2018-10-31 2020-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydraulikzylindereinheit für eine hydraulische Bremsanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs, hydraulische Bremsanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer hydraulischen Bremsanlage
DE102020113523A1 (de) * 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH Gehäuseeinrichtung für eine Bremsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug, Stößel für eine Bremsvorrichtung, Bremsvorrichtung mit einer Gehäuseeinrichtung und einem Stößel und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bremsvorrichtung
CN113107971A (zh) * 2021-05-06 2021-07-13 东台市远洋船舶配件有限公司 具有减振活塞的推力轴承

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10352589B4 (de) 2003-11-11 2005-09-08 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Hauptbremszylinder mit einer Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines eine Betätigung des Hauptbremszylinders anzeigenden elektrischen Signals
DE102008020934A1 (de) 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Hauptbremszylinderanordnung mit Betätigungserfassung für eine Kraftfahrzeugbremsanlage und Kraftfahrzeugbremsanlage
FR2962391A1 (fr) * 2010-07-12 2012-01-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Dispositif maitre-cylindre pour vehicule automobile
DE102010027308A1 (de) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Sensorbaugruppe für einen Hauptzylinder
DE102012022519A1 (de) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-22 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Hauptbremszylinderanordnung mit Betätigungserfassung für eine Kraftfahrzeugbremsanlage
DE102012025249A1 (de) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-10 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Elektrohydraulische Fahrzeug-Bremsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben
FR3037548B1 (fr) * 2015-06-22 2019-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Maitre-cylindre tandem
FR3037547B1 (fr) * 2015-06-22 2019-07-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Maitre-cylindre tandem equipe d'un commutateur de feux de stop

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WO2017190829A1 (fr) 2017-11-09
DE102016005377A1 (de) 2017-11-09
CN109415039A (zh) 2019-03-01

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