EP3440266B1 - Procédé et appareil de détermination du couple d'une tarière, et appareil de battage de pieux - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de détermination du couple d'une tarière, et appareil de battage de pieux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3440266B1
EP3440266B1 EP16723398.0A EP16723398A EP3440266B1 EP 3440266 B1 EP3440266 B1 EP 3440266B1 EP 16723398 A EP16723398 A EP 16723398A EP 3440266 B1 EP3440266 B1 EP 3440266B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
auger
rotator
torque
frame
force
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP16723398.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3440266A1 (fr
Inventor
Juhani HYTÖNEN
Tapio KORPIJAAKKO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Junttan Oy
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Junttan Oy
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining the torque of an auger, and a pile driving rig.
  • pile driving as a method for foundation of buildings and constructions has become more common in recent years, because land for building sites is becoming sparse in the vicinity of many large cities.
  • piles driven into the ground By means of piles driven into the ground, a strong foundation can be built also in areas in which construction is otherwise not possible, due to the low bearing capacity of the soil.
  • the piles are installed by drilling a hole of a desired depth by the auger of a drilling rig.
  • concrete is pumped into the hole via the auger.
  • Reinforcing structures of metal can also be included in the pile.
  • the auger When drilling the pile hole, the auger is driven into the ground at a suitable rate to minimize the disturbance to the soil.
  • the rate of penetration of the auger should be selected according to the soil to be drilled, to cause as little disturbance as possible.
  • information about the nature of the soil to be drilled that is, its quality and stiffness, can be obtained by measuring the torque of the auger.
  • Publication US 2014/0193208 A1 discloses a load cell for measuring torque applied to a screw piling by a rotary drive.
  • Publication WO 01/90488 A1 discloses a monitoring device for a continuous flight auger.
  • the aim of the invention is achieved by a method according to claim 1, in which the torque of the auger is determined by measuring loads effective on the structures of the pile driving rig on the basis of the rotation of the auger.
  • the force effected by the torque of the auger on structures of the pile driving rig is measured by a force sensor, and the torque is determined on the basis of the force.
  • the force sensor may be, for example, a load pin, a load pin comprising a strain gauge transducer, or a strain gauge transducer.
  • the direction of the torque is determined.
  • an auger rotator for a pile driving rig for determining a torque of an auger of the pile driving rig according to claim 7, comprising means for measuring loads effective on the structures of the pile driving rig on the basis of the rotation of the auger, and means for determining the torque of the auger by using the measured loads.
  • the apparatus comprises a force sensor for measuring the force effective on the auger, the torque being determined on the basis of the force.
  • the force sensor is configured to measure the supporting force between the frame of the driving motor of the auger rotator and the frame of the auger rotator.
  • the force sensor may be, for example, a load pin, a load pin comprising a strain gauge transducer or a strain gauge transducer.
  • the auger rotator comprises means for determining the direction of the torque.
  • the pile driving rig is a drilling rig.
  • the aim of the invention is further achieved through an advantageous embodiment, where the auger rotator comprises software means for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pile driving rig 10 according to an embodiment.
  • This pile driving rig 10 is a so-called combined pile driving rig for the installation of auger drilled piles, rammed piles or grooved/steel piles into the ground by vibration or pressing.
  • an auger motor as shown in Fig. 1 is installed in the slide 22 for an implement 26 on the leader 17.
  • the hammer of the pile driving apparatus is installed in the slide 22, and when grooved/steel piles are driven into the ground by vibration, a vibrator is installed in the slide 22.
  • the pile driving rig 10 of Fig. 1 comprises a base machine 11 and a pile driving apparatus 12 mounted on it.
  • the base machine 11 consists of an undercarriage 13 movable on the ground by a crawler track 16, by which the pile driving apparatus 12 is moved along the ground surface to a desired location where a pile is to be driven.
  • the undercarriage 13 comprises the crawler track 16 and the required apparatus for moving the pile driving rig 10 by them.
  • an upper carriage 14 is mounted on the undercarriage 13 to be swivelled in the horizontal direction by means of a swivel 15.
  • a driving engine 27 is placed in the rear section of the upper carriage 14, and a cabin 18 as well as the required mounting structures and devices for mounting and moving the different parts of the pile driving apparatus 12 are placed in the front section.
  • the different functions of the base machine 11 and the pile driving apparatus 12 as well as e.g. the transmission for moving the crawler track 16 and changing the travel direction of the base machine 11 are configured to be hydraulically operated by a hydraulic system in the base machine 11.
  • the driving engine 27 powers hydraulic pumps that belong to the hydraulic system and generate the flow and the pressure of pressurized medium in the hydraulic system, for driving actuators that belong to the hydraulic system and effect the various functions.
  • the cabin 18 is equipped with control devices to be applied by the driver of the pile driving rig 10 for controlling the different functions of the pile driving rig.
  • the cabin 18 is equipped with, inter alia, an electronic control unit for controlling the control valves (magnet and/or servo valves) of the hydraulic system for adjusting and controlling the supply of pressurized medium to the different actuators of the hydraulic system.
  • the pile driving apparatus 12 comprises a leader 17 and an implement 26 to be installed on it, for example a piling auger or the hammer of an impact pile driving apparatus.
  • the implement 26 connected to the leader 17 is a piling auger.
  • a slide 22 is movably connected to the leader in its longitudinal direction and equipped with the necessary fastening members for fastening the implement 26 to the slide 22, as well as with the necessary connecting means and hoses for connecting the implement 26 to the hydraulic system of the base machine 11.
  • the slide is mounted on guide tracks 23 on the leader 17.
  • the slide 22 is moved along the guide tracks 23 by means of pulling ropes driven by a pull-down winch and a hoisting winch in the base machine 11.
  • Idlers 25 are provided at different locations by the side of the leader 17 and at the cathead 24 at the top of the leader 17, for guiding the pulling ropes from the pull-down and hoisting winches to the slide 22. According to the implement in question, the pulling ropes are guided via the different idlers so that in the case of different types of implements, the slide 22 is given the desired velocity and force according to the requirements of the piling work to be carried out by said implement.
  • the auger rotator 200 comprises a driving motor 201 for rotating the auger.
  • the auger comprises a hollow shaft, around which the rock bit is fixed.
  • the auger rotator 200 rotates the auger and moves downwards as the auger bores into the ground.
  • the auger rotator 200 is moved upwards to pull up the auger from the hole formed.
  • a pump is applied to pump concrete via a hollow shaft inside the auger into the hole formed by the auger, thereby building up a pile.
  • the auger rotator 200 comprises at least one transmission member, to which a driving engine 201 is connected for rotating the auger.
  • the transmission member may be, for example, a planetary gear, a cogwheel gear, or a worm gear.
  • the auger rotator 200 comprises a force sensor 202, by which the torque of the auger can be determined.
  • the force effective on the auger can be measured by the force sensor 202 and used for determining the torque.
  • the force to be measured may be a force supporting the motor 201 and caused by the force opposing the rotation of the auger.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 An auger rotator according to an embodiment is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 .
  • the auger rotator 200 fixed to the slide 22 movably mounted on the leader 17 is equipped with two planetary gears 203 to which driving motors 201 are connected for rotating the auger fixed to the auger rotator 200 by means of a cogwheel.
  • the driving motors 201 are hydraulic motors.
  • a lever arm 204 is fixed to the frame of one of the driving motors 201 and fastened, in turn, to the frame of the auger rotator 200 by means of a load pin used as the force sensor 202.
  • the load pin prevents the rotation of the motor upon rotation of the auger.
  • the torsional force effective on the auger is transmitted to the load pin, whereby the torque of the auger can be determined by means of the load pin.
  • the distance of the load pin from the rotation shaft (the vertical shaft of the motor 201) is known; that is, the radius r, and the force F effective on the load pin is measured.
  • the torque effective on the load pin is obtained by multiplying the force F by the length of the radius r, that is, F ⁇ r . Because there are two driving motors 201, the load pin is subjected to half of the torque of the auger.
  • the torque M (Nm) of the auger is thus obtained by multiplying the torque effective on the load pin by two; that is, ( F ⁇ r ) ⁇ 2.
  • the auger rotator 200 fixed to a slide 22 movably mounted on the leader 17 is equipped with one planetary gear 203 to which a driving motor 201 is connected for rotating the auger fixed to the auger rotator 200 via a cogwheel.
  • the driving motor 201 is a hydraulic motor.
  • a lever arm 204 is fixed to the frame of the driving motor and fastened, on the other hand, to the frame of the auger rotator 200 by means of the load pin used as the force sensor 202.
  • the load pin 202 prevents the rotation of the frame of the driving motor 201 upon rotation of the auger.
  • the torsional force effective on the auger is transmitted to the load pin 202, whereby the load pin 202 can be used to determine the torque of the auger.
  • the distance of the load pin 202 from the rotation shaft (the vertical shaft of the driving motor 201) is known; that is, the radius r, and the force F effective on the load pin 202 is measured.
  • the torque effective on the load pin 202 is obtained by multiplying the force F by the length of the radius r, that is, F ⁇ r .
  • the method and the apparatus according to the invention for determining the torque of the auger can be implemented, in many respects, in ways different from the example embodiments presented above.
  • the torque of the auger of the pile driving rig can be determined by measuring loads effective on the structures of the pile driving rig on the basis of the rotation of the auger. The magnitude and the direction of the loads can be measured.
  • the torque of the auger can be determined by measuring the loads caused by a force opposing the rotation of the auger.
  • a force sensor similar to the force sensor 202 can be used for the measurement. In examples not according to the invention, such a force sensor may also be placed elsewhere than in the auger rotator.
  • the force sensor may be a load pin or any other means suitable for measuring the force.
  • the force sensor instead of the force sensor, also another sensor than a sensor measuring the force directly can be used for determining the torque.
  • the torque can be determined by measuring, for example, strains caused by the torque of the auger (by a strain gauge or another strain measuring method/sensor) at a suitable location, for example in the structures of the auger rotator or elsewhere in the pile driving rig 10, in a location to which the torque caused by the auger, or the force caused by it, is transmitted (such as the leader, to which the torque caused by the auger is transmitted).
  • the torque can also be determined, for example, from a measurement result obtained by a mechanical or optical measuring device for measuring deformations in the structures of the auger rotator or elsewhere in the pile driving rig.
  • the measurement can be calibrated by taking reference measurements e.g. in the above described way by a load pin placed between the motor of the auger rotator and the frame of the auger, whereby a relationship (e.g. an empirical model or exact mathematical model) can be calculated between a measurement taken from such a location and a measurement taken by the load pin so that the torque can be determined by the other above described measuring methods (without measurement by a load pin between the motor of the auger rotator and the frame of the auger) at an accuracy similar to applying the above described method based on the load pin.
  • a relationship e.g. an empirical model or exact mathematical model
  • the auger rotator according to the invention for determining the torque of the auger of a pile driving rig comprises means for measuring loads effective on the structures of the pile driving rig caused by rotation of the auger, and preferably software means for determining the torque of the auger by means of the measured loads.
  • the apparatus may comprise means for measuring the direction of the torque.
  • the apparatus may comprise the strain gauge of a force sensor, a mechanical sensor, or an optical sensor for providing a measurement result to be used as a basis for determining the torque.
  • the force sensor is configured to measure the supporting force between the frame of the driving motor of the auger rotator and the frame of the auger rotator.
  • Determining the magnitude of the torque of the auger is essential for evaluating the bearing capacity of the pile and thereby the success of the final result of the piling.
  • the operation of the pile driving rig can be controlled, for example by controlling the transmission ratio of the gear or the angle of the slant plate of the motor.
  • the torque of the auger is determined on the basis of the efficiency of the hydraulic motor powering the auger.
  • the volume flow and the pressure of the hydraulic oil and the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor are known, making it possible to calculate the efficiency of the hydraulic motor.
  • the efficiency in turn, it is possible to calculate the torque.
  • this is a relatively uncertain and inaccurate method for determining the torque.
  • the transmission ratio of the gear between the hydraulic motor used as the driving motor and the auger, or the displacement of the hydraulic motor is changed (e.g. by changing the angle of the slant plate)
  • the effect of these changes on the measurement of the pressure of hydraulic oil or other pressurized medium has to be taken into account.
  • it may be difficult to take into account the effect of the control of the displacement because the real displacement corresponding to a given control value may vary in different hydraulic motors, and/or the change may be non-linear with respect to the set control value.
  • the torque of the auger can be determined more easily and more accurately by directly measuring the force effective on the auger rotator, elongations, deformations or strains, because the above mentioned factors affecting the ratio between the pressure of the hydraulic oil or other pressurized medium and the torque do not need to be taken into account.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé permettant de déterminer un couple d'une tarière d'un mât de battage de pieux (10),
    dans lequel le mât de battage de pieux (10) comprend un rotateur de tarière (200) comprenant un châssis du rotateur de tarière, un moteur d'entraînement (201), un châssis du moteur d'entraînement et un bras de levier (204),
    dans lequel le procédé comprend la détermination du couple de la tarière en mesurant au moins l'un des éléments suivants dans les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10) :
    une force exercée par le couple sur au moins un point dans les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10), ou
    un allongement causé par la force exercée par le couple sur au moins un point dans les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10), ou
    une contrainte causée par la force exercée par le couple sur au moins un point dans les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10), ou
    une déformation causée par la force exercée par le couple sur au moins un point dans les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10) ;
    mais également en calculant le couple de la tarière à partir d'un résultat de mesure ainsi obtenu,
    dans lequel la force devant être mesurée pour déterminer le couple est une force d'appui entre le châssis du moteur d'entraînement (201) du rotateur de tarière (200) et le châssis du rotateur de tarière, et ladite force d'appui est mesurée par un capteur de force (202) placé dans le bras de levier (204) placé entre le châssis du moteur d'entraînement (201) du rotateur de tarière (200) et le châssis du rotateur de tarière (200).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la force, l'allongement, la contrainte ou la déformation mesurée sont utilisés pour déterminer une direction du couple.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le capteur de force est une goupille de charge.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel une jauge de contrainte est utilisée pour mesurer l'allongement engendré dans le châssis du rotateur de tarière (200), et par là même de déterminer le couple de la tarière.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la jauge de contrainte est utilisée pour mesurer l'allongement du bras de levier entre le châssis du moteur d'entraînement (201) du rotateur de tarière (200) et le châssis du rotateur de tarière (200), et par là même de déterminer le couple de la tarière.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel un capteur optique ou mécanique permettant de mesurer une déformation est utilisé pour mesurer la déformation du bras de levier (204) entre le châssis du moteur d'entraînement (201) du rotateur de tarière (200) et le châssis du rotateur de tarière (200), et par là même de déterminer le couple de la tarière.
  7. Rotateur de tarière (200) pour un mât de battage de pieux (10), destiné à déterminer un couple de la tarière du mât de battage de pieux (10), dans lequel le rotateur de tarière (200) comprend
    un châssis du rotateur de tarière, un moteur d'entraînement (201), un châssis du moteur d'entraînement et un bras de levier (204), des moyens pour mesurer au moins l'un des éléments suivants :
    une force efficace sur les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10) par rotation de la tarière, ou
    un allongement entraîné par la force efficace sur les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10) par rotation de la tarière, ou
    une contrainte causée par la force efficace sur les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10) par rotation de la tarière, ou
    une déformation causée par la force efficace sur les structures du mât de battage de pieux (10) par rotation de la tarière, et
    des moyens permettant de déterminer le couple de la tarière à l'aide des résultats de mesure ainsi obtenus,
    un capteur de force (202) permettant de mesurer la force efficace sur la tarière, et par là même de déterminer le couple, et le capteur de force (202) étant conçu pour mesurer une force d'appui entre le châssis du moteur d'entraînement (201) du rotateur de tarière (200) et le châssis du rotateur tarière (200) comme la force devant être mesurée pour déterminer le couple, et le capteur de force (202) étant placé dans le bras de levier (204) placé entre le châssis du moteur d'entraînement (201) du rotateur de tarière (200) et le châssis du rotateur de tarière (200).
  8. Rotateur de tarière (200) selon la revendication 7, comprenant des moyens pour déterminer une direction du couple.
  9. Rotateur de tarière (200) selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel le capteur de force (202) est une goupille de charge.
  10. Rotateur de tarière (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel le rotateur de tarière (200) comprend au moins une jauge de contrainte.
  11. Rotateur de tarière (200) selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la jauge de contrainte est conçue pour mesurer les allongements causés par le couple sur le bras de levier (204) entre le châssis du moteur d'entraînement (201) du rotateur de tarière (200) et le châssis du rotateur de tarière (200).
  12. Rotateur de tarière (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, comprenant des moyens logiciels pour exécuter un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
  13. Mât de battage de pieux (10), le mât de battage de pieux (10) comprenant un rotateur de tarière (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12.
  14. Mât de battage de pieux selon la revendication 13, le mât de battage de pieux (10) étant un mât de battage de pieux combiné.
EP16723398.0A 2016-04-08 2016-04-08 Procédé et appareil de détermination du couple d'une tarière, et appareil de battage de pieux Active EP3440266B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2016/050224 WO2017174860A1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2016-04-08 Procédé et appareil de détermination du couple d'une tarière, et appareil de battage de pieux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3440266A1 EP3440266A1 (fr) 2019-02-13
EP3440266B1 true EP3440266B1 (fr) 2020-06-24

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EP16723398.0A Active EP3440266B1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2016-04-08 Procédé et appareil de détermination du couple d'une tarière, et appareil de battage de pieux

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Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0013015D0 (en) * 2000-05-26 2000-07-19 Balfour Beatty Ltd Auger piling
US8943904B2 (en) * 2013-01-05 2015-02-03 Wayne McILravey Load cell for screw piling power head

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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WO2017174860A1 (fr) 2017-10-12
EP3440266A1 (fr) 2019-02-13

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