EP3440032A1 - Dispositif comprenant un câble ou un accessoire pour câble contenant une couche composite résistante au feu - Google Patents
Dispositif comprenant un câble ou un accessoire pour câble contenant une couche composite résistante au feuInfo
- Publication number
- EP3440032A1 EP3440032A1 EP17719664.9A EP17719664A EP3440032A1 EP 3440032 A1 EP3440032 A1 EP 3440032A1 EP 17719664 A EP17719664 A EP 17719664A EP 3440032 A1 EP3440032 A1 EP 3440032A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- composition
- aluminosilicate
- composite
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/40—Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium or other organo-metallic compounds; Organo-clays; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B24/42—Organo-silicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00844—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for electronic applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device comprising a cable and / or a cable accessory, said cable and / or said cable accessory comprising at least one composite layer obtained from a composite composition based on at least one geopolymer aluminosilicate and at least one organic polymer or oligomer of low viscosity, and a method of manufacturing such a device.
- electrical and / or optical cables intended for the transmission of energy and / or data transmission, in particular to electrical and / or optical safety cables resistant to fire, in particular halogen-free, susceptible to operate for a given period of time in fire conditions, without being a fire propagator or significant smoke generator; as well as their accessories such as junctions and / or terminations.
- These safety cables are in particular medium-voltage power transmission cables (in particular from 6 to 45-60 kV) or low-frequency transmission cables, such as control or signaling cables.
- An energy and / or telecommunication cable is a cable intended for the transport of electrical energy and / or the transmission of data. It conventionally comprises one or more insulated conductor elements, or in other words one or more elongated electrical and / or optical conductors surrounded by at least one electrically-layered layer. insulating.
- the electrically insulating layer may typically be an electrically insulating polymer layer in physical contact with the electrical (s) and / or optical (s) conductor (s).
- Said insulated conductor element or elements are surrounded by an outer protective sheath for mechanically protecting the isolated conductive element (s).
- the materials generally used to form the electrically insulating layer and / or said protective sheath are composite materials based on polymers, for example silicone polymers, and various additives, especially reinforcing fillers such as silica, and flame retardant fillers (or flame retardants) for improving their fire resistance.
- the geopolymers are essentially inorganic chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds consisting of silico-oxide (-Si-O-Si-O), silico-aluminate (-Si-O-Al-O), ferro -silico-aluminate (-Fe-O-Si-O-Al-O), or alumino-phosphate (- ⁇ -O- ⁇ -O-), created by a process of geopolymerization (ie polycondensation).
- Geopolymers can be used alone or mixed with organic polymers, mineral, metallic or organic fibers (eg glass fibers, ceramic fibers, etc.), carbon, graphite, etc. depending on the type of application sought.
- Geopolymers are generally capable of polymerizing and curing at room temperature (geopolymer cements). It is also possible to accelerate the polymerization rate and thus the hardening of the geopolymers by subjecting them to a heat treatment. The exact mechanism of geopolymerization is still unknown, particularly because of the rapidity of the reaction.
- the most common geopolymers are those based on aluminosilicates referred to as “poly (sialate)" [or “poly (silico-oxo-aluminate” or (-Si-O-AI-O-) n with n designating the degree
- poly (sialate) or “poly (silico-oxo-aluminate” or (-Si-O-AI-O-) n with n designating the degree
- aluminosilicate geopolymers result from the polycondensation of oligomers of the oligo (sialate) type generally formed from a mixture of at least one aluminosilicate, an alkaline reagent (eg sodium or potassium silicate).
- the geopolymers based on the aluminosilicates have been grouped into three families according to the Si / Al atomic ratio, which may be equal to 1, 2 or 3.
- Geopolymers are used in many applications: design of new materials in the fields of civil engineering and construction, creation of sculptures, manufacture of walls and fire doors for fire protection, manufacture of coatings of a Substrate, mortar, adhesive or molding material, making flexible fire-resistant boards used for fire protection of openings in walls, and also cable passages, and most recently as a "black box" structure embedded in planes.
- the solutions described in the prior art are not suitable, in particular in terms of flexibility, adhesion and thermal protection, to be able to serve as a fire-resistant layer in an electrical cable and / or data transmission and / or in a cable accessory, especially during a fire.
- they are not necessarily compatible with the preservation of the good mechanical and dielectric properties of the other components of a cable accessory or a cable (electrical and / or optical conductive element, other layers, especially electrically insulating, screens, etc.).
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by providing a cable or cable accessory comprising at least one layer having good fire resistance, while ensuring good mechanical properties, especially in terms of flexibility, and an advantageous cost price.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, easy to implement method for driving a cable or a cable accessory comprising at least one layer which avoids the propagation of the flame, resists the fire so to operate as long as possible, and limits its degradation in extreme thermal conditions such as fire, while ensuring good mechanical properties, especially in terms of flexibility.
- the present invention firstly relates to a device comprising an energy and / or telecommunication cable and / or an accessory for an energy and / or telecommunication cable, characterized in that said cable and / or said cable accessory comprises at least one composite layer obtained from a composite composition comprising at least one liquid organic polymer or oligomer at room temperature and at least one aluminosilicate geopolymer in the form of a gel, said aluminosilicate geopolymer in the form of a gel being obtained from an aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprising an alkali aluminate or an aluminosilicate, an alkali silicate, water and optionally an alkaline base.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer in the form of a gel preferably comprises water, silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), oxygen (O), and at least one element selected from potassium ( K), sodium (Na), lithium (Li), cesium (Cs) and calcium (Ca), and preferably selected from potassium (K) and sodium (Na).
- the silicon of the aluminosilicate geopolymer is derived from the alkali silicate of the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition and the aluminum of the aluminosilicate geopolymer is derived from the alkali aluminate of the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition.
- the alkali aluminate is not a source of silicon to form the aluminosilicate geopolymer and the alkali silicate is not a source of aluminum to form the aluminosilicate geopolymer.
- the silicon of the aluminosilicate geopolymer is derived from the alkali silicate and aluminosilicate of the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition
- the aluminum of the aluminosilicate geopolymer is from the aluminosilicate of the composition aluminosilicate geopolymer.
- room temperature means a temperature of from about 18 to about 25 ° C.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition is capable of forming an aluminosilicate geopolymer.
- the ingredients of the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition can thus undergo polycondensation to form an aluminosilicate geopolymer.
- the geopolymers result from a reaction of inorganic polycondensation by alkaline activation, called geosynthesis, as opposed to traditional hydraulic binders in which the hardening is the result of a hydration of calcium aluminates and calcium silicates.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition of the invention is different from a ceramic composition or powder or a composition comprising a conventional anhydrous cement (eg cements classified according to EN-197-1-2000, for example Portland cement such as white cement or slag and ash cement) and water.
- a conventional anhydrous cement eg cements classified according to EN-197-1-2000, for example Portland cement such as white cement or slag and ash cement
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition of the invention has the advantage of being able to conduct during the polycondensation to an aluminosilicate geopolymer in the form of a gel.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer is therefore not in the form of a powder or solid particles after the geopolymerization. Indeed, it can make the mixture of the aluminosilicate geopolymer with the oligomer or the organic polymer difficult.
- the gel state of the geopolymer makes it possible to improve the mixture of the aluminosilicate geopolymer with the oligomer or the organic polymer, and thus to obtain a homogeneous composite composition.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer in the form of a gel is preferably obtained from an aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprising an alkali aluminate, an alkali silicate, water and optionally an alkaline base.
- the gel obtained is uniform or homogeneous, that is to say without formation of micron grains during geopolymerization.
- the composite composition does not include the silicon and aluminum precursors used in the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition (i.e. the alkali silicate and the alkali aluminate). Indeed, said precursors reacted during geopolymerization to form a homogeneous gel.
- the alkali silicate may be chosen from sodium silicates, potassium silicates and a mixture thereof.
- the alkali silicates sold by Silmaco and PQ Corporation are preferred.
- the alkali aluminate may be potassium or sodium aluminate.
- the aluminate is a sodium aluminate.
- the aluminosilicate may be chosen from kaolin such as metakaolin (ie calcined kaolin), fly ash (well known under the Anglicism fly ash), blast furnace slag (well known under the Anglicism blast furnace). slag "), swelling clays such as bentonite, calcined clays, any type of compound comprising aluminum and fumed silica, zeolites and a mixture thereof.
- aluminosilicates can induce the formation of a heterogeneous gel, ie a gel comprising micrometric grains comprising aluminosilicate residues which have not reacted completely during geopolymerization.
- metakaolin sold by the company Imerys because it makes it possible to reduce the proportion of micrometric grains within the gel.
- the alkaline base can be selected from KOH, NaOH and mixtures thereof.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprises from 0.5 to 20% by weight of an alkaline aluminate, from 15 to 50% by weight of an alkali silicate, from 0 to About 3% by weight of an alkaline base and about 50 to about 90% by weight of water.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprises from 0.5 to 20% by weight of an aluminosilicate, from 15 to 40% by weight of an alkali silicate, from 0 to 3 about 50% by weight of an alkaline base and about 40 to 80% by weight of water.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprises from about 0.5 to about 15% by weight of an alkaline aluminate, from about 15 to about 40% by weight of an alkali silicate, from about 0 to about About 3% by weight of an alkaline base and about 55 to 85% by weight of water.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprises from 0.5 to 15% by weight of an aluminosilicate, from 15 to 40% by weight of an alkaline silicate, from 0 to 3 about 50% by weight of an alkaline base and about 50 to 70% by weight of water.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprises from 15 to 50% by weight of solids (alkali aluminate or aluminosilicate, alkali silicate and alkaline base when present), and of preferably about 15 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of said composition.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer is in the form of a gel at room temperature.
- an alkali aluminate in place of an aluminosilicate generally used in the geopolymeric compositions of the prior art is preferred. Indeed, it makes it possible to substantially reduce the formation and the presence of micrometric grains within said geopolymers.
- the composite composition further comprises a liquid organic polymer or oligomer at room temperature.
- the organic polymer or oligomer is therefore not in the solid form or in the form of a dispersion of solid particles in an aqueous phase such as a latex or an organic phase. Indeed, this can make the mixture of the oligomer or the organic polymer with the aluminosilicate geopolymer difficult.
- Said organic polymer that is liquid at room temperature can have a molecular weight of at least about 10,000 g / mol.
- Said organic oligomer that is liquid at room temperature can have a molecular weight of at least about 1000 g / mol, and preferably at least about 2000 g / mol.
- the oligomer or the organic liquid polymer at room temperature may be chosen from polyorganosiloxanes, polyethylenes, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, polyethylene glycols, epoxy resins and acrylic resins.
- Polyorganosiloxanes and polyethylene glycols are preferred.
- the polyorganosiloxanes, and in particular the silicone oils can have a viscosity ranging from 5000 cP (or 6000 cP) to 50000 cP at about 25 ° C.
- the composite composition may further comprise a crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent may be chosen from peroxides, especially organic peroxides.
- the crosslinking agent is preferably from about 0.2 to about 5 weight percent, and preferably from about 0.2 to about 3 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composite composition.
- the composite composition may further comprise at least one cellulosic compound, in particular at a proportion of from 0.01 to 20% by weight, and more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composite composition.
- the composite composition may further comprise at least one starch.
- the starch generally comprises amylose, amylopectin, and optionally phytoglycogen.
- the starch comprises from 15 to 30% by weight of amylose, from 70 to 85% by weight of amylopectin, and from 0 to 20% by weight of phytoglycogen, relative to the total mass of the starch.
- the starch may be a native starch or a modified starch, and preferably a native starch.
- the native starch can be a starch of cereals (eg wheat, maize, barley, triticale, sorghum or rice), tubers (eg potato or cassava), legumes (eg peas or soya), roots, bulbs, stems, fruit or a mixture thereof.
- cereals eg wheat, maize, barley, triticale, sorghum or rice
- tubers eg potato or cassava
- legumes eg peas or soya
- roots bulbs, stems, fruit or a mixture thereof.
- the modified starch can be a physically, chemically or enzymatically modified starch.
- the modified starch may be chosen from oxidized starches, starches hydrolysed by the acidic, oxidizing or enzymatic route, modified starches (eg functionalized) by physico-chemical means, such as, in particular, esterified and / or etherified starches.
- the functionalization can be obtained by acetylation in aqueous phase with acetic anhydride, reactive extrusion of acid anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, fatty acid chlorides, oligomers of caprolactones or lactides, by hydroxypropylation in the glue phase, by cationization in dry phase or glue phase, by crosslinking, by anionization by phosphatation or by succinylation, by silylation, by butadiene telomerization, etc.
- Oxidized starches are preferred.
- the starch preferably represents from 0.01 to 20% by weight, and more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of said composite composition.
- the composite composition may further comprise at least one plasticizer.
- the plasticizer may be intended to improve the dispersion of the starch within the composite layer or be used as an implementing agent (well known under the "processing aid" language).
- the plasticizer may be a metal stearate, an ethylene glycol, a polyol such as glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol, a sucrose such as glucose or fructose, a plasticizer containing amide groups, any type of plasticizer based on modified polysaccharide (s) or a mixture thereof.
- a polyol such as glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol
- sucrose such as glucose or fructose
- plasticizer containing amide groups any type of plasticizer based on modified polysaccharide (s) or a mixture thereof.
- the preferred plasticizer is a metal stearate such as zinc stearate.
- the plasticizer preferably represents from 0.01 to 20% by weight approximately, and more preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight approximately, relative to the total mass of said composite composition.
- the composite composition may also comprise at least one inert filler, especially chosen from talc, phyllosilicates, hydrated hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide (ATH) or magnesium hydroxide (MDH), silicas, borates, micas and kaolins.
- the inert filler preferably represents about 0.01 to 18% by weight, and more preferably about 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite composition.
- the composite composition may further comprise at least one dye, in particular chosen from dyes that are liquid at room temperature.
- the dye When used, the dye preferably represents about 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite composition.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer preferably represents from 20 to 90% by weight approximately, and even more preferably from 50 to 85% by mass approximately, relative to the total mass of the composite composition.
- the organic polymer or oligomer preferably represents from 10 to 80% by weight approximately, and even more preferably from 15 to 50% by mass approximately, relative to the total mass of the composite composition.
- the composite layer is preferably fire resistant.
- the liquid organic polymer at ambient temperature of the composite composition makes it possible to ensure the cohesion of the composite layer and its adhesion on the layer of the cable with which it is intended to be in direct physical contact.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer of the composite composition provides the fire resistance of the composite layer.
- the composite layer of the device of the invention is a homogeneous organic / inorganic hybrid layer.
- this homogeneity is obtained thanks to the combination within the composition composite of an aluminosilicate geopolymer which is in the form of a gel and an organic polymer in liquid form at room temperature.
- the resulting composite layer is flexible.
- the device according to the invention satisfies at least one of the following fire resistance standards: EN50200, IEC60331-1, EN50399, IEC60331-11, IEC60331-21, IEC60331-23, IEC60331-25, DIN4102 , NBN713020 Addendum 3, EN50577, NFC32070 CRI, IEC600332-1 and BS6387CWZ.
- the composite layer defined above satisfies the IEC 60331-11 fire resistance standard, with electrical cables at a voltage of 10 kV exposed to a temperature of approximately 750 ° C. for 120 minutes.
- the composite layer preferably has a substantially constant thickness and in particular constitutes a continuous protective envelope.
- the composite layer preferably has a thickness of from about 0.5 to 4 mm, and more preferably from about 1.5 to 3 mm.
- the thermal protection of the device of the invention is not sufficient.
- the composite layer preferably comprises an aluminosilicate geopolymer having an Si / Al molar ratio of from 1 to 35, and preferably from 1.9 to 3.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer of the composite layer may be chosen from poly (sialates) corresponding to the formula (I) M n (-Si-O-Al-O-) n [(M) -PS], the poly (sialates) siloxos) corresponding to the formula (II) M n (-Si-O-Al-O-Si-O-) n [(M) -PPS], and the poly (sialate-disiloxos) corresponding to the formula (III) M n (-Si-O-Al-O-Si-O-Si-O) n [(M) -PSDS], formulas in which M represents at least one alkaline cation K, Na, Li, Cs or one of their mixtures, and n denoting the degree of polymerization.
- the molar ratio Si / Al is 1, in the compound of formula (II), the ratio Si / Al molar
- the composite layer of the invention is preferably non-porous.
- the composite layer of the invention is preferably an extruded layer, especially by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the composite layer of the invention is preferably an electrically insulating layer.
- the term "electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity can be at most 1.10 -9 S / m, and preferably at most 1.10 -10 S / m (siemens per meter). (at 25 ° C).
- the device according to the invention has excellent fire resistance while having good mechanical properties.
- the composite layer is sufficiently flexible to allow the manipulation of the cable (e.g., winding, folding, twisting) without entailing any crippling alteration of said layer which would have the effect of reducing its cohesion and fire resistance.
- the composite layer remains intact from ambient temperature to the operating temperature of the cable under charge (ie under tension) and has the advantage of forming an ordered porous structure as early as 450 ° C., thus making it possible to provide enhanced protection against the diffusion of heat for at temperatures greater than or equal to 1000 ° C for a duration of up to 120 min, especially reached during a fire.
- This porous and rigid structure contains air which by nature is an excellent thermal insulator.
- the composite layer is transformed under the effect of a high temperature, especially a temperature ranging from 450 ° C. to 1000 ° C., generally reached during a fire, to form a cohesive residual layer. and porous which protects the cable or cable accessory, and in particular the underlying layers and / or the elongate conductive element.
- the device comprises an energy and / or telecommunication cable.
- An energy and / or telecommunication cable generally comprises at least one elongated conductive element and at least one outer protective sheath, in particular electrically insulating sheath.
- the device comprises an accessory for power cable and / or telecommunication.
- An accessory for a cable may be a junction or a termination which may comprise an assembly of several layers of materials (eg of polymeric materials) generally of the silicone rubber type, one or more reinforcing layers, for example one or more metal layers, as well as an outer protective sheath (eg anti-fire) such as for example an elastomeric tape or a strip of mica.
- materials eg of polymeric materials
- reinforcing layers for example one or more metal layers
- an outer protective sheath eg anti-fire
- the composite layer is preferably an inner layer of said cable or cable accessory.
- the term "inner layer” means a layer which does not constitute the outermost layer of the cable or cable accessory, and more particularly:
- the composite layer of the cable of the invention generally covers one or more elongated conductive elements or is positioned on an inner sheath or layer of the cable or cable accessory, it then acts as a stuffing.
- the device is a cable.
- the cable comprises at least one elongated conductive element and the composite layer as defined in the invention surrounds said elongated conductive element.
- the composite layer is preferably in direct physical contact with the elongated conductive member.
- the cable may include a plurality of elongated conductive elements.
- the composite layer can then surround the plurality of elongated conductive elements of the cable.
- the composite layer of the invention is preferably in direct physical contact with the elongated conductive elements.
- the cable may comprise a plurality of composite layers as defined in the invention.
- the cable comprises one or more elongated conductive elements and the plurality of composite layers surrounds the elongated conductive element or the plurality of elongated conductive elements.
- the cable may comprise two composite layers as defined in the adjacent invention.
- the cable comprises a plurality of elongated conductive elements and each of the composite layers individually surrounds each of the elongated conductive elements to form insulated elongated conductive elements.
- each of the composite layers of the invention is preferably in direct physical contact with each of the elongate conductive elements which it surrounds.
- the elongated conductive element (s) of the cable of the invention are preferably elongated electrically conductive elements.
- the cable is therefore an electric cable.
- the cable of the invention may further comprise an outer protective sheath, in particular electrically insulating, surrounding the layer (s) composite (s).
- the outer protective sheath is preferably made of a halogen-free material. It can be carried out conventionally from materials which retard the propagation of the flame or resist the propagation of the flame. In particular, if they do not contain halogen, it is called cladding type HFFR (for the Anglicism "Halogen Free Flame Retardant").
- the sheath is the outermost layer of the cable (i.e. also known as the outer protective sheath).
- It comprises at least one organic or inorganic polymer.
- organic or inorganic polymer is not limiting and these are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the organic or inorganic polymer is chosen from crosslinked and non-crosslinked polymers.
- the organic or inorganic polymer may be a homo- or co-polymer having thermoplastic and / or elastomeric properties.
- the inorganic polymers may be polyorganosiloxanes.
- the organic polymers may be polyurethanes or polyolefins.
- the polyolefins may be chosen from ethylene and propylene polymers.
- ethylene polymers By way of example of ethylene polymers, mention may be made of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), copolymers of d ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), copolymers of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA), methyl acrylate (EMA), 2-hexylethyl acrylate (2HEA), ethylene copolymers and alpha-olefins such as, for example, polyethylene octene (PEO), ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPR), terpolymers of ethylene and propylene (EPT) such as for example terpolymers of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) or a mixture thereof.
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- MDPE medium density polyethylene
- the sheath polymer is preferably an organic polymer, more preferably an ethylene polymer, and more preferably a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, linear low density polyethylene, or a mixture thereof.
- the outer protective sheath may further comprise a hydrated flame retardant mineral filler.
- This hydrated flame retardant mineral filler acts primarily physically by decomposing endothermically (e.g. water release), which results in lowering the sheath temperature and limiting the spread of flame along the cable.
- endothermically e.g. water release
- flame retardancy properties well known under the Anglicism "flame retardant”.
- the hydrated flame retardant inorganic filler may be a metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide or aluminum trihydroxide.
- the outer protective sheath may further comprise an inert filler, especially chosen from talc, micas, dehydrated clays and a mixture thereof.
- the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a device comprising an energy and / or telecommunication cable and / or an accessory for an energy and / or telecommunication cable as defined according to the first object of the invention.
- invention characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:
- aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprising an alkali aluminate or an aluminosilicate, an alkali silicate, water and optionally an alkaline base, to form an aluminosilicate geopolymer, said aluminosilicate geopolymer composition and the aluminosilicate geopolymer being as defined in the first subject of the invention, ii) mixing a liquid organic polymer or oligomer at room temperature as defined in the first subject of the invention with the aluminosilicate geopolymer of step i), and
- the process according to the invention is fast, simple and economically advantageous. It allows to manufacture in a few steps a device with excellent fire resistance, while ensuring good mechanical properties, especially in terms of flexibility.
- the alkali silicate, the alkali aluminate and the aluminosilicate are as defined in the first subject of the invention.
- step iii) a crosslinking agent as defined in the invention is used.
- An inert filler and / or a dye and / or a starch and / or a plasticizer and / or a cellulosic compound as defined in the invention may be added to the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition during step i), to the aluminosilicate geopolymer during step ii) or the composite composition after step ii) and before step iii) if it exists.
- step i) The preparation of an aluminosilicate geopolymer composition according to step i) is generally carried out at a high pH, in particular ranging from 10 to 13.
- step i) preferably comprises the following substeps:
- ib the preparation of an aqueous solution of alkali aluminate, the mass concentration of alkali aluminate in water ranging from about 1.2 to 20%, and ic) the mixing of the aqueous solutions from the substeps ia) and ib).
- step i) preferably comprises the following substeps:
- i-a ' the preparation of an aqueous solution of alkali silicate of molar ratio SiO ⁇ M ⁇ O ranging from 1.6 to about 35, and preferably from 1.6 to about 4, M' being an alkali metal, the mass concentration of the alkali silicate in water can range from 30 to 60%, and preferably from 40 to 60% approximately, and i-b ') the mixture of an aluminosilicate in the form of Al 2 molar ratio powder 0 3 / Si0 2 ranging from 0.4 to about 0.8 with the aqueous alkali silicate solution prepared in the preceding step, the mass concentration of the aluminosilicate in the aqueous alkali silicate solution prepared in the previous substep ranging from about 10 to about 80%, and preferably from about 25% to about 65%.
- aqueous alkali silicate solution and the alkali aluminate solution or the aqueous alkali silicate and aluminosilicate solution allows the formation of a low to high viscosity gel depending on the respective alkaline aluminate contents. or aluminosilicate, water and alkali silicate.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer composition at the end of substep ic) or i-b ') forms an aluminosilicate geopolymer in the form of a gel.
- the step 1) of preparing the composite composition may comprise (instead of steps i), ii) and iii)), the following steps:
- An inert filler and / or a dye and / or a starch and / or a plasticizer and / or a cellulosic compound as defined in the invention may be added to the first composition of step a) or the second composition of the invention. step b), or the mixture of step c).
- the aqueous alkali silicate solution of sub-step ia) or i-a ') or of step b) can be prepared by mixing SiO 2 silicon dioxide or an alkali silicate with an M'OH base in which M is preferably K, Na or a mixture thereof.
- the silicon dioxide SiO 2 may be chosen from fumed silica (well known under the Anglicism "fumed silica”), quartz, and mixtures thereof.
- the alkaline base M'OH can be dissolved in water resulting in a release of heat (exothermic reaction), then the SiO 2 silicon dioxide or the alkali silicate can be added.
- the alkali silicate is preferably sodium silicate.
- the aqueous alkali aluminate solution of sub-step ib) or step a) may be prepared by mixing an alkali aluminate in the form of a powder and water.
- step 2) can be carried out by extruding said composite composition at room temperature or at a temperature, in particular at a temperature ranging from 60 ° C. to 110 ° C., and preferably from 70 ° C. to About 95 ° C.
- the method may further comprise a step 3) of crosslinking the polymer or organic oligomer liquid at room temperature, when the composite composition of step 1) comprises a crosslinking agent.
- This step 3) can be performed by any means known to those skilled in the art.
- the method may furthermore comprise, before, during or after step 2), a step 4) of application of an outer protective sheath, in particular electrically insulating, around the composite layer.
- this outer protective sheath may in particular be carried out by extrusion.
- Step 4) is generally carried out at room temperature since the geopolymerization is carried out at ambient temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an electric cable of the prior art not according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an electric cable according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an electric cable according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the essential elements for understanding the invention have been shown schematically in these figures, and this without respect of the scale.
- the electric cable 10, illustrated in Figure 1 corresponds to a fire-resistant medium voltage electrical cable type SHXCHX for marine type applications.
- This electric cable 10 comprises: an elongated central electrically conductive element 1 and, successively and coaxially around this central conductive element 1, an internal semiconductor screen 1.1, an electrically insulating layer 2 (eg of ethylene and propylene elastomer) cross-linked, EPR), an external semiconductor screen 2.1, a semiconducting banded layer 3, a metal braid 4 (eg consisting of tinned copper wire of circular section), an inner sheath comprising a polyester tape 5 and tinned copper wire 6, a polyester tape 7, and an outer sheath 8 (eg of elastomer).
- the electric cable 11, illustrated in FIG. 2 corresponds to an electrical cable of structure similar to that of the cable of FIG. 1 but in which two composite layers as defined in the invention have been incorporated.
- This electric cable 11 comprises: an elongate central electrically conductive element 1 and, successively and coaxially around this central conducting element 1, an internal semiconductor screen 1.1, an electrically insulating layer 2 (eg of ethylene and propylene elastomer) crosslinked, EPR), an external semiconductor screen 2.1, a semiconducting banded layer 3, a metal braid 4 (eg consisting of tinned copper wires of circular section), a composite layer 9 as defined in the invention , an inner sheath comprising a polyester ribbon 5 and tinned copper wires 6, a polyester ribbon 7, a composite layer 9 as defined in the invention, and an outer sheath 8 (eg of elastomer).
- An aluminosilicate geopolymer composition was prepared in the following manner: an alkali silicate solution was prepared by dissolving 900 g of sodium aluminate in 9 kg of H 2 O. To this solution, 9 kg of aqueous solution of sodium silicate.
- Said aluminosilicate geopolymer composition comprised about 28.6% by weight of solids relative to the total weight of said composition.
- aluminosilicate geopolymer in the form of a gel was obtained.
- the aluminosilicate geopolymer was then mixed with 5 kg of liquid EVA to form a composite composition.
- the composite composition was hot-extruded around an elongated copper electrically conductive element having a cross-section of 20 mm 2 using a extruder sold under the trade name FAIREX.
- the temperature within the extruder ranged from about 60 ° C to about 135 ° C.
- the composite layer was about 2.5 mm thick.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1653074A FR3049948B1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Couche composite resistante au feu pour cable ou accessoire pour cable |
PCT/FR2017/050821 WO2017174941A1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-06 | Dispositif comprenant un câble ou un accessoire pour câble contenant une couche composite résistante au feu |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3440032A1 true EP3440032A1 (fr) | 2019-02-13 |
Family
ID=56263905
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17719664.9A Pending EP3440032A1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-04-06 | Dispositif comprenant un câble ou un accessoire pour câble contenant une couche composite résistante au feu |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10919806B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3440032A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20180127492A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN108883987A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3049948B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017174941A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3072496B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-11-08 | Nexans | Cable resistant au feu |
FR3087574B1 (fr) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-06-25 | Nexans | Couche bourrante pour cable basse tension ayant une protection au feu amelioree |
FR3098636B1 (fr) * | 2019-07-12 | 2023-10-13 | Nexans | Câble comprenant une couche résistante au feu |
FR3103958B1 (fr) * | 2019-11-29 | 2023-06-30 | Nexans | câble comprenant une couche résistante au feu |
KR20220116456A (ko) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-08-23 | 루브리졸 어드밴스드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 하이브리드 코팅 시스템 |
FR3108913B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-06 | 2022-07-29 | Nexans | Cable comportant une composition résistante et/ou retardante au feu |
CN112002476B (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-04-15 | 安徽瑞昊缆业有限公司 | 一种抗拉伸耐磨电缆 |
FR3113979A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-11 | Nexans | Câble électrique limitant les décharges partielles |
IT202000032015A1 (it) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-23 | Prysmian Spa | Cavo elettrico di media tensione con miglior comportamento al fuoco |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0680461A (ja) * | 1991-08-03 | 1994-03-22 | Yasuo Yokoi | 耐熱性断熱組成物と耐熱性断熱材 |
NL1033269C2 (nl) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-24 | Ertecee B V | Werkwijze ter vervaardiging van een brandvertragende samenstelling, samenstelling en de toepassing hiervan. |
CN101544484B (zh) * | 2009-04-20 | 2011-09-28 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 无机铝硅酸盐聚合物与有机高分子复合胶凝材料的制备方法 |
FR3001574B1 (fr) | 2013-01-28 | 2017-01-27 | Nexans | Cable d'energie et/ou de telecommunication comportant au moins une couche electriquement isolante |
EP2868637A1 (fr) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-06 | Construction Research & Technology GmbH | Formulation de mousse géopolymère |
CN104327614B (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-09-28 | 芜湖县双宝建材有限公司 | 一种高性能水性膨胀型防火涂料 |
WO2016074172A1 (fr) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-19 | Abb Technology Ltd | Matériau d'isolation électrique et procédé de préparation d'élément de matériau d'isolation |
CN105400131B (zh) * | 2015-12-12 | 2017-11-14 | 盐城市科恒达材料有限公司 | 一种特种电缆用复合材料、其制备方法及特种电缆 |
-
2016
- 2016-04-07 FR FR1653074A patent/FR3049948B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-04-06 WO PCT/FR2017/050821 patent/WO2017174941A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2017-04-06 EP EP17719664.9A patent/EP3440032A1/fr active Pending
- 2017-04-06 KR KR1020187032121A patent/KR20180127492A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2017-04-06 CN CN201780022024.9A patent/CN108883987A/zh active Pending
- 2017-04-06 US US16/090,735 patent/US10919806B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10919806B2 (en) | 2021-02-16 |
KR20180127492A (ko) | 2018-11-28 |
WO2017174941A1 (fr) | 2017-10-12 |
US20190112230A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
FR3049948A1 (fr) | 2017-10-13 |
CN108883987A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
FR3049948B1 (fr) | 2019-07-19 |
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