EP3437759A1 - Continuous casting of a metallic strand - Google Patents
Continuous casting of a metallic strand Download PDFInfo
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- EP3437759A1 EP3437759A1 EP17184936.7A EP17184936A EP3437759A1 EP 3437759 A1 EP3437759 A1 EP 3437759A1 EP 17184936 A EP17184936 A EP 17184936A EP 3437759 A1 EP3437759 A1 EP 3437759A1
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- Prior art keywords
- strand
- mold
- cooling
- continuous casting
- actual
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- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 113
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 108091060210 Heavy strand Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/161—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for automatic starting the casting process
Definitions
- the present invention relates to continuous casting, preferably semi-continuous, continuous casting of a metallic strand in a continuous casting machine.
- the generic method and a suitable system are from WO 2015/079071 known.
- the cooling rate of the strand can be fine-tuned from bottom to top.
- the formation of cavities in the strand is prevented, so that liquid molten steel can compensate for the solidification-induced volume jumps between the solid and liquid phase.
- the internal quality of the strand is thereby significantly improved.
- the disadvantage of this is that the continuous casting takes until the complete solidification very long. How the continuous casting can be accelerated without negatively affecting the internal quality of the strand, is not apparent from the Scriptures.
- the object of the invention is to modify known continuous casting so that a strand quickly shed and yet the formation of voids or cracks in the strand is prevented. This should increase the efficiency and increase the internal quality of the cast strand.
- the solution is carried out by a generic method, wherein after the start of the extraction, the drawing speed v of the dummy bar from the mold is increased to a second drawing speed v 2 , wherein v 2 > v 1 .
- a strand typically a steel strand or a strand of a so-called superalloy (see https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superleg réelle, for example, a nickel-based alloy), produced with a pronounced V-shaped configuration of the strand shells.
- the thickness growth of the strand shells in the casting direction increases rapidly, so that the strand shell at the lower end of the strand is substantially thicker than at the upper end.
- liquid molten metal can directly fill any voids caused by the solidification, which improves the internal quality of the strand.
- the increase in the casting speed also has an advantageous effect on the cost-effectiveness of the continuous casting process.
- the extraction speed v is increased steadily, preferably at least once continuously differentiable.
- increasing the pull-out speed v may also be unsteady, eg in discrete stages.
- the withdrawal speed of the dummy bar from the mold is set so that the actual position of a time-dependent desired position of the sump tip corresponds as possible.
- the intensity of the cooling performance of the cooling nozzles in the secondary cooling is advantageous to set the intensity of the cooling performance of the cooling nozzles in the secondary cooling as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip.
- the intensity of the cooling power of the cooling nozzles in the secondary cooling over time or over the strand length s decreases and / or the strand is thermally insulated in the Tertiärksselzone by insulation, wherein a heat transfer coefficient U of the insulation increases in the casting direction , This will cause the lower end of the strand, i. the strand head, more cooled than the top of the strand, i. the string foot.
- a further improvement in the internal quality of the strand can be achieved if the continuous casting machine comprises a strand-movable in the casting direction, the strand agitator during the extraction and after completing the extraction of the cold strand from the mold, the region of the sump tip of the strand is electromagnetically stirred.
- the solution is carried out by a generic continuous casting machine, which has a control or regulating device for time- or strand-length-dependent control or regulation of a drawing speed v when pulling the dummy bar from the mold.
- the secondary cooling can be done for example by folding spray register, which are brought in continuous casting in the strand guide and are folded away after the pouring end. The area thus liberated can be used to isolate the strand.
- an intensity of the cooling capacity of the cooling nozzles in the secondary cooling and / or a heat transfer coefficient U of an insulation in the tertiary cooling zone are set as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip can.
- FIGS. 1a ... 1h is the continuous casting, specifically the so-called semi-continuous continuous casting, a strand 1 shown in steel.
- the continuous casting machine is designed as a vertical installation and has as main components a water-cooled mold 2, a strand guide 3 comprising a plurality of strand guide rollers 3a engageable with the strand 1 and a secondary cooling 4 with a plurality of cooling nozzles 4a and a tertiary cooling zone 5 with a thermal insulation 9 and several insulation panels 9a on.
- the machine head of the continuous casting machine comprising the mold 2 and the strand guide 3, are movable relative to the tertiary cooling zone 5, so that a single machine head can supply strands to several tertiary cooling zones.
- the strand guide rollers 3a need not necessarily be adjustable via an actuator to the strand 1. It is sufficient if these can be adjusted mechanically, eg via washers or so-called shims.
- Fig. 1a the situation is shown before casting the continuous casting machine.
- a cold strand 6 was introduced into the mold 2, so that the stationary cold strand 6, the mold in the casting direction G fluid-tight seals.
- In 1b is the casting of the continuous casting machine shown.
- a molten steel or a melt of a so-called superalloy is fed into the mold 2 either directly or via a distributor vessel, so that a casting level M is formed in the mold 2 and a strand 1 due to the primary cooling of the mold 2.
- the drawing off takes place relatively slowly with a first drawing speed v 1 of 0.12 m / min (see Fig. 3a ).
- the extraction speed v is increased according to the invention (see Fig. 3a ), so that a strand 1 with a pronounced V-shape of the strand shells is formed (see Fig.
- the strand 1 in prior art continuous casting processes does not have a pronounced V-shape, resulting in poor internal quality (such as cracks, voids, etc.). Due to the pronounced V-shape of the strand shells 11 of the strand 1 (see Fig. 2b ), the strand 1 during cooling in the Tertiärkssel 5 molten liquid melt from the upper portion of the partially solidified strand 1b so that any caused by the solidification cavities or cracks are refilled by melt. A thin strand shell 11 at the upper end of the strand 1c facilitates this crucial.
- the mold 2 is oscillated by an oscillator, not shown, in the vertical direction.
- a stirring coil also not shown below the mold 2 stirs the partially solid strand. Both details are customary and eg from the WO 2015/079071 known.
- Fig. 1c the continuous casting is more advanced, wherein the strand 1 is supported and guided in the strand guide 3 by the strand guide rollers 3a and further cooled by the cooling nozzles 4a of the secondary cooling 4.
- the solid line of Fig. 3a is the extraction speed at the time of Fig. 1c in about 0.2 m / min.
- Fig. 1d is the time in continuous casting shown, in which the supply of molten steel was just stopped in the mold.
- the drawing speed v corresponds to the second drawing speed v 2 of 0.36 m / min. This pull-out speed of the strand 1 is maintained until the end of the pull-out operation (see Fig. 3a ).
- the pouring mirror G in the mold 2 drops (see Fig. 1e ).
- the strand 1 has a strand length L of typically 6 to 12m.
- the diameter of the strand 1 is 600 mm.
- the Fig. 1f shows the situation after the strand end 1c has passed the strand guide 3 and the secondary cooling 4 has been switched off.
- the partially solided strand 1b is then in the Tertiärksselzone 5 and is slowly controlled or controlled cooled.
- the machine head can serve several tertiary cooling zones 5 and, for example, can be moved in a horizontal direction to a further tertiary cooling zone 5.
- the strand end 1 c can be heated by a head heater 13.
- the head heater 13 can be made, for example, inductively or by an exothermic powder (the process is referred to as "hot topping"), wherein the powder generates heat energy with the liquid molten steel. Since the partially solidified strand 1b in the region of the sump tip is particularly susceptible to cracks or cavities, it is advantageous if a strand agitator 14 in particular electromagnetically stirs this region.
- the Fig. 2a shows a continuous cast semi-solid strand 1b according to the prior art.
- the strand end is almost completely solidified, so that any voids or cracks in the strand can not be filled by liquid melt 12.
- FIG. 2b shows a strand of the invention.
- the strand end 1 c is still largely liquid, so that any voids or cracks in the strand can be filled by liquid melt 12. As a result, the strand has a better internal quality.
- the Fig. 3b shows another diagram for the extraction speed v, where v depends not on the time t but on the strand length s. This ensures that the strand beginning 1a is cooled more strongly than the strand end 1c, regardless of any interruptions in the casting process.
- the internal quality of the strand can also be adjusted by adjusting the intensity of secondary cooling 4 as a function of time or strand length s (see Fig. 1c ) respectively. In both cases, this means that the strand beginning 1a is cooled more strongly in the secondary cooling 4 than the strand end 1c. This measure can be done in addition to increasing the Auszieh Anthony v of the dummy bar 6 from the mold 2 or instead of it.
- the intensity of the secondary cooling is varied as a function of the time t or the strand length s.
- the time-dependent change in the intensity of the secondary cooling by a change in the flow rate Q through the cooling nozzles 4a of the secondary cooling 4 is in Fig. 4a shown.
- the decrease of the flow rate Q or the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 can be linear (continuous line) but also sub-linear or superlinear (see dashed lines).
- the intensity of the secondary cooling can also be varied as a function of the strand length s (see 4b ). In this case, the strand length s during casting is calculated and the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 is determined according to the characteristic of 4b set.
- Fig. 5 schematically shows the accumulated on the different areas of a teilerstarrten strand 1b amounts of coolant in the time or strand length-dependent adjustment of the intensity of the secondary cooling (see Fig. 4a or 4b ).
- Fig. 6 Another way to improve the internal quality of the strand is shown.
- the heat insulation 9 is set in the tertiary cooling zone 5 as a function of the strand length L, wherein a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the casting direction G increases.
- the strand beginning 1a is cooled more strongly in the teritary cooling 5 than the strand end 1c.
- This measure can be done either in addition to or instead of increasing the Auszieh educa v of the dummy bar 6 from the mold 2.
- the change in the thermal insulation 9 in the tertiary cooling zone 5 to take place in addition to or instead of adjusting the intensity of the secondary cooling 4.
- the change in the heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 is in Fig. 6 represented by a variable thickness of the insulation.
- Fig. 7a the strand length-dependent change of the thermal insulation 9 in the tertiary cooling zone 5 is represented by insulation panels 9a.
- the pivotable flaps of the insulation panels are set differently, the upper flaps are largely closed and the lower flaps are largely open.
- a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the casting direction G increases.
- the change in the opening angle of the flaps can be preset either statically or dynamically, for example via pivoting drives for pivoting the flaps, during the cooling in the tertiary cooling zone 5.
- the Fig. 7b shows an alternative to Fig. 7a , wherein the degree of coverage of the insulating flaps 9a of the strand at the strand end 1c is higher than at the strand beginning. This also increases the heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the casting direction G.
- Fig. 8a a continuous casting machine according to the invention with a control or regulating device 10 for controlling or regulating the pullout speed v is shown.
- the control unit 10 taking into consideration the chemical composition 15 of the molten metal, the primary cooling 2a in the mold 2, the secondary cooling 4 and the strand length s, calculates the temperature field and the sump tip in the cast strand 1 and sets the extraction speed of the motor 16 as a function of Swamp tip.
- it would also be possible to consider other parameters such as the position of the insulating panels 9a in the tertiary cooling zone.
- the Fig. 8b shows a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control or regulating device 10 for controlling or regulating the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 as a function of the strand length s.
- the controller 10 calculates, considering the chemical composition 15 of the molten metal and the primary cooling 2a in the mold and the strand length s, the temperature field and the sump tip in the cast strand 1 and adjusts the intensity of the secondary cooling 4 as a function of the sump tip.
- the sump tip is calculated in real time in a thermal calculation model.
- the Fig. 8c also shows a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control or regulating device 10 for controlling a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9 in the Tertiärkühlzone 5.
- the control unit 10 calculated taking into account the chemical composition 15 of the molten metal and the primary cooling 2a in the Kokille the temperature field and the sump tip in the cast strand 1 and sets the opening angle of the Isolierpanele 9 a depending on the sump tip.
- the sump tip is calculated in real time in a thermal calculation model.
- FIG. 9a we poured a strand 1 in the mold 2 and pulled out with variable withdrawal speed v from the mold.
- the strand 1 is supported and guided in the strand guide 3 and cooled by the secondary cooling.
- Fig. 9b the casting in the mold was stopped and the strand 1 is located in a radiation area 17, where it can radiate heat to the environment over a certain time.
- the strand passes through a stirring coil 14 and is electromagnetically stirred by this, see Fig. 9c ,
- the strand is then introduced into the tertiary cooling zone 5, where it is cooled or controlled by the thermal insulation 9. Since, in particular, the strand end 1 c is particularly sensitive, it is again thermally insulated by a lid, see 9d and 9e ,
- FIG. 10 schematically a head insulation 18 of a strand 1 is shown.
- the head insulation has a heat insulation 9 for the strand end 1c of the strand 1, so that the strand end 1c remains liquid longer.
- an exothermic powder 19 can be applied to the liquid strand end 1c, which additionally heats the strand 1.
- Fig. 11 is schematically shown the result of the time- or distance-dependent adjustment of the extraction speed v and / or the time- or distance-dependent adjustment of the intensity of the secondary cooling and / or the setting of a heat transfer coefficient U of the heat insulation 9.
- All of these measures have the effect of slowing down the solidification of the partially solidified strand (see the dashed line indicating the position of the sump tip in the strand over time).
- the solid line indicates the comparison with the prior art.
- these measures lead to the inventive strand has a pronounced V-shape of the strand shell (see Fig. 11 right) in contrast to strands of the prior art without pronounced V-shape of the strand shell (see Fig. 11 Left).
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zum Stranggießen eines metallischen Strangs (1) in einer Stranggießmaschine. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bekannte Stranggießverfahren so zu verändern, dass ein Strang (1) rasch vergossen und dennoch die Ausbildung von Hohlräumen bzw. Rissen im Strang (1) verhindert wird. Dadurch soll die Wirtschaftlichkeit erhöht und die Innenqualität des vergossenen Strangs gesteigert werden. Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst, wobei nach dem Beginnen des Ausziehens die Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v eines Kaltstrangs (6) aus der Kokille (2) erhöht wird. The invention relates to a method and a plant for continuous casting of a metallic strand (1) in a continuous casting machine. The object of the invention is to modify known continuous casting so that a strand (1) quickly shed and yet the formation of voids or cracks in the strand (1) is prevented. This should increase the efficiency and increase the internal quality of the cast strand. This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1, wherein after the start of the extraction, the extraction speed v of a cold strand (6) from the mold (2) is increased.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft das Stranggießen, vorzugsweise das semi-kontinuierliche Stranggießen, eines metallischen Strangs in einer Stranggießmaschine.The present invention relates to continuous casting, preferably semi-continuous, continuous casting of a metallic strand in a continuous casting machine.
Konkret betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Stranggießen, vorzugsweise zum semi-kontinuierlichen Stranggießen, eines Strangs in einer Stranggießmaschine, wobei die Stranggießmaschine eine Kokille mit einer Primärkühlung, in Gießrichtung nachfolgend eine Strangführung mit mehreren, vorzugsweise an den Strang anstellbaren, Strangführungsrollen zum Führen und einer Sekundärkühlung zum Abkühlen des Strangs, und wiederum nachfolgend eine Tertiärkühlzone zum gesteuerten oder geregelten Abkühlen des Strangs aufweist, umfassend die Verfahrensschritte:
- Einführen eines Kaltstrangs in die Kokille;
- Halten des Kaltstrangs in der Kokille, sodass ein Kopf des Kaltstrangs die Kokille fluiddicht verschließt;
- Angießen der Stranggießmaschine, wobei Metallschmelze in die Kokille gegossen wird und sich in der Kokille ein Gießspiegel und ein teilerstarrter Strang ausbildet;
- Beginnen des Ausziehens des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille, wobei der Kaltstrang mit einer ersten Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v1 aus der Kokille ausgezogen wird;
- Stützen und Führen des teilerstarrten Strangs in der Strangführung, wobei der teilerstarrte Strang durch die Strangführungsrollen gestützt, geführt und durch Kühldüsen der Sekundärkühlung abgekühlt wird; und
- gesteuertes oder geregeltes Abkühlen des teilerstarrten Strangs bis zur Durcherstarrung des Strangs in der Tertiärkühlzone.
- Introducing a cold strand into the mold;
- Holding the dummy bar in the mold, so that a head of the dummy bar closes the mold fluid-tight;
- Casting the continuous casting machine, wherein molten metal is poured into the mold and forms in the mold a casting mirror and a partially solidified strand;
- Commencing the drawing of the cold strand from the mold, wherein the cold strand is drawn out of the mold at a first drawing speed v 1 ;
- Supporting and guiding the semi-solid strand in the strand guide, wherein the semi-solid strand is supported by the strand guide rollers, guided and cooled by cooling nozzles of the secondary cooling; and
- Controlled or controlled cooling of the partially solidified strand until the solidification of the strand in the tertiary cooling zone.
Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine Stranggießmaschine zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, die
- eine Kokille mit einer Primärkühlung,
- in Gießrichtung nachfolgend eine Strangführung mit mehreren, vorzugsweise an den Strang anstellbaren, Strangführungsrollen zum Führen und Stützen des Strangs, sowie eine Sekundärkühlung zum Abkühlen des Strangs, und
- wiederum nachfolgend eine Tertiärkühlzone zum gesteuerten oder geregelten Abkühlen des Strangs aufweist.
- a mold with a primary cooling,
- in the casting direction below a strand guide with several, preferably engageable with the strand, strand guide rollers for guiding and supporting the strand, and a secondary cooling to cool the strand, and
- in turn subsequently has a Tertiärkühlzone for controlled or controlled cooling of the strand.
Das gattungsgemäße Verfahren sowie eine geeignete Anlage sind aus der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, bekannte Stranggießverfahren so zu verändern, dass ein Strang rasch vergossen und dennoch die Ausbildung von Hohlräumen bzw. Rissen im Strang verhindert wird. Dadurch soll die Wirtschaftlichkeit erhöht und die Innenqualität des vergossenen Strangs gesteigert werden.The object of the invention is to modify known continuous casting so that a strand quickly shed and yet the formation of voids or cracks in the strand is prevented. This should increase the efficiency and increase the internal quality of the cast strand.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgabe wird durch den Gegenstand von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The output according to the invention is solved by the subject matter of
Konkret erfolgt die Lösung durch ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren, wobei nach dem Beginnen des Ausziehens die Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille auf eine zweite Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v2 erhöht wird, wobei gilt v2 > v1.Specifically, the solution is carried out by a generic method, wherein after the start of the extraction, the drawing speed v of the dummy bar from the mold is increased to a second drawing speed v 2 , wherein v 2 > v 1 .
Durch diese Maßnahme wird ein Strang, typischerweise ein Stahlstrang oder ein Strang aus einer sog. Superlegierung (siehe https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlegierung, z.B. einer Nickelbasislegierung), mit einer ausgeprägten V-förmigen Ausbildung der Strangschalen erzeugt. Mit anderen Worten nimmt das Dickenwachstum der Strangschalen in Gießrichtung rasch zu, sodass die Strangschale am unteren Ende des Strangs wesentlich dicker ist als am oberen Ende. Dadurch kann flüssige Metallschmelze etwaige durch die Erstarrung bedingte Hohlräume unmittelbar auffüllen, wodurch die Innenqualität des Strangs verbessert wird. Die Erhöhung der Gießgeschwindigkeit wirkt sich außerdem vorteilhaft auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Stranggießverfahrens aus.By this measure, a strand, typically a steel strand or a strand of a so-called superalloy (see https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlegierung, for example, a nickel-based alloy), produced with a pronounced V-shaped configuration of the strand shells. In other words, the thickness growth of the strand shells in the casting direction increases rapidly, so that the strand shell at the lower end of the strand is substantially thicker than at the upper end. As a result, liquid molten metal can directly fill any voids caused by the solidification, which improves the internal quality of the strand. The increase in the casting speed also has an advantageous effect on the cost-effectiveness of the continuous casting process.
Um eine ausgeprägte V-Form der Strangschalen zu erreichen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Erhöhen der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v in Abhängigkeit der Zeit oder der Stranglänge erfolgt. Durch eine Beschränkung der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v nach oben mit vmax ist sichergestellt, dass die Strangschale am oberen Ende des Strangs eine Mindestdicke aufweist. Dadurch können Ausbrücke verhindert werden.In order to achieve a pronounced V-shape of the strand shells, it is advantageous if the raising of the drawing-out speed v takes place as a function of the time or the strand length. By limiting the extraction speed v upwards with v max, it is ensured that the strand shell has a minimum thickness at the upper end of the strand. This can prevent jerking.
Um Stöße in der Anlage zu verhindern, ist es günstig, wenn die Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v stückweise stetig, bevorzugt zumindest einmal stetig differenzierbar, erhöht wird. Alternativ dazu kann das Erhöhen der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v auch unstetig, z.B. in diskreten Stufen, erfolgen.In order to prevent impacts in the system, it is favorable if the extraction speed v is increased steadily, preferably at least once continuously differentiable. Alternatively, increasing the pull-out speed v may also be unsteady, eg in discrete stages.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn ein thermisches Rechenmodell während des Stranggießens in Abhängigkeit
- einer chemischen Zusammensetzung der Metallschmelze,
- der Primärkühlung in der Kokille,
- der Sekundärkühlung des Strangs in der Strangführung, ständig das Ist-Temperaturfeld des Strangs einschließlich der Ist-Phasengrenzen zwischen den festen, teigigen und flüssigen Phasen im Strang berechnet, wobei die Ausziehgeschwindigkeit des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille in Abhängigkeit des Ist-Temperaturfelds und/oder der Ist-Phasengrenzen, insbesondere der Ist-Position der Sumpfspitze, eingestellt wird.
- a chemical composition of the molten metal,
- the primary cooling in the mold,
- the secondary cooling of the strand in the strand guide, constantly calculates the actual temperature field of the strand including the actual phase boundaries between the solid, doughy and liquid phases in the strand, wherein the Ausziehgeschwindigkeit of the dummy strand from the mold depending on the actual temperature field and / or Actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip is set.
Die Berechnung des Ist-Temperaturfelds ist z.B. aus der
Zusätzlich zur Veränderung der Auszieh- bzw. der Gießgeschwindigkeit während des Gießprozesses ist es vorteilhaft, die Intensität der Kühlleistung der Kühldüsen in der Sekundärkühlung in Abhängigkeit des Ist-Temperaturfelds und/oder der Ist-Phasengrenzen, insbesondere der Ist-Position der Sumpfspitze, einzustellen.In addition to changing the pull-out or casting speed during the casting process, it is advantageous to set the intensity of the cooling performance of the cooling nozzles in the secondary cooling as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip.
Außerdem ist es äußerst günstig, einen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient U der Isolierung in der Tertiärkühlzone in Abhängigkeit des Ist-Temperaturfelds und/oder der Ist-Phasengrenzen, insbesondere der Ist-Position der Sumpfspitze, einzustellen.Moreover, it is extremely favorable to set a heat transfer coefficient U of the insulation in the tertiary cooling zone as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip.
Die beiden letztgenannten Maßnahmen wirken sich ebenfalls sehr positiv auf die V-förmige Ausbildung der Strangschale aus.The latter two measures also have a very positive effect on the V-shaped design of the strand shell.
Im Allgemeinen ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Intensität der Kühlleistung der Kühldüsen in der Sekundärkühlung über der Zeit bzw. über der Stranglänge s abnimmt und/oder der Strang in der Tertiärkühlzone durch eine Isolierung thermisch isoliert wird, wobei ein Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient U der Isolierung in Gießrichtung zunimmt. Dadurch wird das untere Ende des Strangs, d.h. der Strangkopf, stärker abgekühlt als das obere Ende des Strangs, d.h. der Strangfußes.In general, it is advantageous if the intensity of the cooling power of the cooling nozzles in the secondary cooling over time or over the strand length s decreases and / or the strand is thermally insulated in the Tertiärkühlzone by insulation, wherein a heat transfer coefficient U of the insulation increases in the casting direction , This will cause the lower end of the strand, i. the strand head, more cooled than the top of the strand, i. the string foot.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Innenqualität des Strangs kann erreicht werden, wenn die Stranggießmaschine einen in Gießrichtung verfahrbaren Strangrührer umfasst, wobei der Strangrührer während des Ausziehens und nach dem Beenden des Ausziehens des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille den Bereich der Sumpfspitze des Strangs elektromagnetisch rührt.A further improvement in the internal quality of the strand can be achieved if the continuous casting machine comprises a strand-movable in the casting direction, the strand agitator during the extraction and after completing the extraction of the cold strand from the mold, the region of the sump tip of the strand is electromagnetically stirred.
Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird ebenfalls durch eine Stranggießmaschine nach Anspruch 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The object of the invention is also achieved by a continuous casting machine according to
Konkret erfolgt die Lösung durch eine gattungsgemäße Stranggießmaschine, die eine Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung zur zeit- oder stranglängenabhängigen Steuerung oder Regelung einer Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v beim Ausziehen des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille aufweist.Specifically, the solution is carried out by a generic continuous casting machine, which has a control or regulating device for time- or strand-length-dependent control or regulation of a drawing speed v when pulling the dummy bar from the mold.
Hierbei ist es nicht zwingend notwendig, dass die gesamte Teritärkühlzone nach den Sekundärkühlzone angeordnet ist. Die Sekundärkühlung kann z.B. durch klappbare Spritzregister erfolgen, die beim Stranggießen in die Strangführung gebracht werden und nach dem Gießende weggeklappt werden. Der dadurch frei werdende Bereich kann zur Isolierung des Strangs verwendet werden.In this case, it is not absolutely necessary for the entire tertiary cooling zone to be arranged after the secondary cooling zone. The secondary cooling can be done for example by folding spray register, which are brought in continuous casting in the strand guide and are folded away after the pouring end. The area thus liberated can be used to isolate the strand.
Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung ein thermisches Rechenmodell umfasst, das geeignet ist während des Stranggießens in Abhängigkeit
- einer chemischen Zusammensetzung der Metallschmelze,
- der Primärkühlung in der Kokille,
- der Sekundärkühlung des Strangs in der Strangführung, ständig das Ist-Temperaturfeld des Strangs einschließlich der Ist-Phasengrenzen zwischen den festen, teigigen und flüssigen Phasen im Strang zu berechnen, wobei die Ausziehgeschwindigkeit des Kaltstrangs aus der Kokille in Abhängigkeit des Ist-Temperaturfelds und/oder der Ist-Phasengrenzen, insbesondere der Ist-Position der Sumpfspitze, eingestellt werden kann.
- a chemical composition of the molten metal,
- the primary cooling in the mold,
- the secondary cooling of the strand in the strand guide to continuously calculate the actual temperature field of the strand including the actual phase boundaries between the solid, doughy and liquid phases in the strand, wherein the Ausziehgeschwindigkeit of the dummy strand from the mold depending on the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip, can be adjusted.
Außerdem ist es vorteilhaft, wenn eine Intensität der Kühlleistung der Kühldüsen in der Sekundärkühlung und/oder ein Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient U einer Isolierung in der Tertiärkühlzone in Abhängigkeit des Ist-Temperaturfelds und/oder der Ist-Phasengrenzen, insbesondere der Ist-Position der Sumpfspitze, eingestellt werden kann.Moreover, it is advantageous if an intensity of the cooling capacity of the cooling nozzles in the secondary cooling and / or a heat transfer coefficient U of an insulation in the tertiary cooling zone are set as a function of the actual temperature field and / or the actual phase boundaries, in particular the actual position of the sump tip can.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung nicht einschränkender Ausführungsbeispiele. Die nachfolgenden schematisch dargestellten Figuren zeigen:
-
Fig 1a bis 1h die Verfahrensschritte bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens, -
Fig 2a ein stranggegossener Strang nach dem Stand der Technik, -
Fig 2b ein stranggegossener Strang, der gemäß der Erfindung hergestellt wurde, -
Fig 3a ein Verlauf einer Ausziehgeschwindigkeit eines Strangs aus einer Kokille über der Zeit t, -
Fig 3b ein Verlauf einer Ausziehgeschwindigkeit eines Strangs aus einer Kokille über der Stranglänge s, -
Fig 4a ein Verlauf einer Durchflussrate Q eines Kühlmittels durch eine Kühldüse über der Zeit t, -
Fig 4b ein Verlauf einer Durchflussrate Q eines Kühlmittels durch eine Kühldüse über der Stranglänge s, -
Fig 5 ein Darstellung einer auf einen Strang akkumulierten Kühlmittelmenge, -
Fig 6 eine Darstellung einer variablen Isolierung in der Tertiärkühlzone, -
Fig 7a eine Darstellung einer variablen Wärmeisolation in der Tertiärkühlzone durch verschwenkbare Isolierklappen, -
Fig 7b eine Darstellung einer variablen Wärmeisolation in der Tertiärkühlzone durch verschiebbare Isolierklappen, -
Fig 8a eine Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Stranggießmaschine mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung zur Einstellung der Auszugsgeschwindigkeit v, -
Fig 8b eine Darstellung einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Stranggießmaschine mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung zur Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung, -
Fig 8c eine Darstellung einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Stranggießmaschine mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung zur Einstellung der Wärmeisolierung in der Tertiärkühlzone, -
Fig 9a bis 9e eine Darstellung von Verfahrensschritten auf einer alternativen Stranggießmaschine zu denFig 1a ...1h , -
Fig 10 eine Darstellung einer Kopfisolierung, und -
Fig 11 eine Darstellung der Position der Sumpfspitze im Strang über der Zeit gemäß dem Stand der Technik und der Erfindung.
-
Fig 1a to 1h the process steps in carrying out the process, -
Fig. 2a a continuous casting strand according to the prior art, -
Fig. 2b a continuously cast strand made according to the invention, -
Fig. 3a a course of a withdrawal speed of a strand from a mold over the time t, -
Fig. 3b a course of a withdrawal speed of a strand from a mold over the strand length s, -
Fig. 4a a profile of a flow rate Q of a coolant through a cooling nozzle over the time t, -
4b a profile of a flow rate Q of a coolant through a cooling nozzle over the strand length s, -
Fig. 5 an illustration of a quantity of coolant accumulated on a line, -
Fig. 6 a representation of a variable insulation in the tertiary cooling zone, -
Fig. 7a a representation of a variable heat insulation in the tertiary cooling zone by means of pivotable insulating flaps, -
Fig. 7b a representation of a variable heat insulation in the tertiary cooling zone by sliding insulating flaps, -
Fig. 8a a representation of a continuous casting machine according to the invention with a control and regulating device for adjusting the pull-out speed v, -
Fig. 8b a representation of a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control and regulating device for adjusting the intensity of the secondary cooling, -
Fig. 8c a representation of a non-inventive continuous casting machine with a control and regulating device for adjusting the thermal insulation in the tertiary cooling zone, -
9a to 9e a representation of process steps on an alternative continuous casting machine to theFig. 1a ...1h . -
FIG. 10 a representation of a head insulation, and -
Fig. 11 a representation of the position of the sump tip in the strand over time according to the prior art and the invention.
In den
In
In
In
In
Nachdem die Zufuhr von Stahlschmelze gestoppt wurde, sinkt der Gießspiegel G in der Kokille 2 ab (siehe
Die
In den
Die
Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt
Wie oben angeführt, zeigt die
Die
In beiden Fällen wird durch die Erhöhung der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v nicht nur die Innenqualität des Strangs 1 erhöht, sondern auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Stranggießverfahrens verbessert, da mehr Stränge innerhalb derselben Zeit vergossen werden können.In both cases, increasing the extraction speed v not only increases the internal quality of the
Die Innenqualität des Strangs kann auch durch eine Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung 4 in Abhängigkeit der Zeit oder der Stranglänge s (siehe
Für den Fall, dass die Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung 4 zusätzlich zur Änderung der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v erfolgt, ist die Beschreibung der
Für den Fall, dass die Einstellung der Intensität der Sekundärkühlung 4 anstelle der Änderung der Ausziehgeschwindigkeit v erfolgt, ist die Beschreibung der
In
In
In
Die
In
Die
Die
In den
In
In
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch die bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.While the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
- 11
- Strangstrand
- 1a1a
- Stranganfangtrain early
- 1b1b
- teilerstarrter Strangpartially solid strand
- 1c1c
- Strangendestrand end
- 22
- Kokillemold
- 2a2a
- Primärkühlungprimary cooling
- 33
- Strangführungstrand guide
- 3a3a
- StrangführungsrollenStrand guide rolls
- 44
- Sekundärkühlung, SekundärkühlzoneSecondary cooling, secondary cooling zone
- 4a4a
- Kühldüsecooling nozzle
- 55
- Tertiärkühlung, TertiärkühlzoneTertiary cooling, tertiary cooling zone
- 66
- Kaltstrangdummy bar
- 77
- Rechenmodellcomputer model
- 88th
- Sumpfspitzecrater tip
- 99
- Wärmeisolationthermal insulation
- 9a9a
- Isolationspanelinsulation panel
- 1010
- Steuer- oder RegeleinrichtungControl or regulating device
- 1111
- Strangschalestrand shell
- 1212
- flüssiger Bereich des Strangsliquid area of the strand
- 1313
- KopfheizungHeating head
- 1414
- StrangrührerStrangrührer
- 1515
- chemische Zusammensetzungchemical composition
- 1616
- Motorengine
- 1717
- Strahlungsbereichradiation range
- 1818
- Kopfisolierunghead insulation
- 1919
- exothermes Pulverexothermic powder
- GG
- Gießrichtungcasting
- LL
- Stranglängestrand length
- MM
- Gießspiegelmeniscus
- DurchflussrateFlow rate
- SS
- Stranglängestrand length
- tt
- ZeitTime
- UU
- WärmedurchgangskoeffizientHeat transfer coefficient
- vv
- Ausziehgeschwindigkeit, GießgeschwindigkeitExtraction speed, casting speed
Claims (14)
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WO2023156116A1 (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2023-08-24 | Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH | Dry casting in a combined casting-rolling installation |
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