EP3423210B1 - Forging press and method for forging a workpiece in a forging press - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a forging press with a forging press frame, with an upper saddle and a lower saddle as well as a primary drive, effective in relation to the forging press frame, for applying primary forming forces to a workpiece between the upper saddle and the lower saddle, and with a secondary drive for applying secondary forming forces to the workpiece. The invention also relates to a method for forging a workpiece in a forging press with an upper saddle and a lower saddle as well as a primary drive, via which a primary movement with a forming effect is driven between the upper saddle and the lower saddle, the workpiece not only undergoing the deformation caused by the primary movement but also via a secondary movement of a secondary caliper that is effective and driven by a secondary drive is transformed.

In drop forging in particular, primary drives and secondary drives are already known in generic forging presses, with the primary drive, for example, serving to close a die and thus have a forming effect on a workpiece, while secondary drives are then used for piercing processes or further forming processes in the die. In this case, however, the corresponding secondary drives drive perforated rods or slides, which are not to be regarded as forged saddles. Even with drawing presses, for example from the DE 11 2014 001 453 T5 However, in which, unlike forging presses, the workpieces are relatively thin and therefore lower pressing forces are required, it is known to realize different drawing depths with different drives.

The pamphlet DE 13 01 298 B forms the basis for the preamble of claims 1 and 2.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a generic forging press and a generic forging method with which different types of forging processes, such as open-die forging, die forging and/or finishing, can be carried out in an energy-saving manner.

The object of the invention is achieved by a forging press and a forging method having the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous configurations, which may also be independent of this, can be found in the subclaims and the following description.

In this way, different types of forging processes can be carried out in an energy-efficient manner on a forging press with a forging press frame, with an upper saddle and a lower saddle as well as a primary drive effective in relation to the forging press frame for applying primary forming forces to a workpiece between the upper saddle and the lower saddle and with a secondary drive for applying secondary forming forces to the Workpiece can be carried out if the forging press is characterized in that the secondary drive is supported on an assembly loaded by the primary drive with primary forming forces in the direction of the workpiece.

With suitable coordination between the primary drive and the secondary drive, the secondary drive can then be designed to save energy, for example by using cylinders that require less oil. The masses that have to be moved by the secondary drive can also be made smaller without further ado, which is correspondingly economical in terms of energy.

In particular, the primary drive can be used, for example, as a forging drive and the secondary drive as a finishing drive, so that the energy required for finishing is significantly lower if only the oil volume absolutely necessary for finishing has to be moved or only the masses necessary for finishing have to be moved.

In this respect, in a forging press in which the secondary drive is supported by an assembly loaded by the primary drive with primary forming forces in the direction of the workpiece, it is easily possible to optimally adapt the secondary drive to the conditions that are necessary for applying the secondary forming forces .

In the case of sizing processes, in particular smaller volumes and smaller masses can be provided for forging saddles and the like, since sizing processes generally take place with a higher number of strokes and lower forces.

The same is also possible with drop forging, for example, if the secondary drive is used for open-die forging and the primary drive for drop forging, with the workpiece being forged via the secondary drive, for example for the purpose of distributing the mass, which in drop forging is only possible under certain circumstances to the necessary or advantageous extent. In this case, however, it will often be the case that the movements required for mass distribution require smaller strokes and smaller forces than This is usually the case for the drop forging process, which requires significantly more complex material movements in the workpiece.

In particular, the secondary drive can be supported on a moving beam driven by the primary drive. Ultimately, this arrangement enables a sequence of operations that corresponds to a conventional forging press. A conventional forging press can thus be used without further ado for forging and finishing, with undesirably high volume flows for freely rotating cylinders and possibly also unnecessarily high strokes occurring for finishing. If the secondary drive is supported on a crosshead driven by the primary drive, the motion sequences during forging and finishing remain the same, which also applies to a transition between open-die forging and drop forging, except that the secondary drive is used for fast and/or weaker forging process types can be.

The secondary drive can also be supported on a transverse beam that interacts with the primary drive via tie rods. The secondary drive then usually acts on the respective workpiece from the side opposite the primary drive, which should not be critical in view of the force balances that occur in forging presses, as long as the mass of the workpieces is not too significant or the workpieces are not damaged, for example external holding devices are positioned in a certain way anyway. However, this configuration requires a certain deviation in the movement sequences of the forging press itself, which must then be taken into account accordingly. After concrete implementation, however, supporting the secondary drive on a transverse beam interacting with the primary drive via tie rods leaves more space for the secondary drive, since more installation space is available here in the direction pointing away from the primary drive and there is a saving in aggregates on the primary drive side .

In this respect, a moving beam or a transverse beam, which interacts with the primary drive via tie rods, can be considered as a subassembly that is subjected to primary forming forces by the primary drives in the direction of the workpiece.

The assembly loaded by the primary drive with primary forming forces in the direction of the workpiece is designed to be fixed via fixing means so that when the secondary drive acts on the workpiece, these forces at least do not have to be applied entirely by the primary drive. Accordingly, the The forge press preferably includes locating means for selectively locating the assemblies relative to the forge press frame.

Such fixing means can be, for example, clamping bushes or clamping wedges, with which a corresponding assembly is designed to be fixed. In particular, such fixing means are suitable for selectively fixing a moving beam on the forging press frame, for example on tie rods or columns, in order in this way to relieve the primary drive.

It goes without saying that, if necessary, the secondary drive can also be correspondingly relieved if a secondary saddle, which is driven by the secondary drive, can be optionally fixed in relation to the forging press frame in order to relieve the secondary drive when the primary drive is working. On the other hand, the secondary saddle can certainly be fixed to the assembly on which the secondary drive is supported, particularly if this assembly is then loaded by the primary drive with primary forming forces in the direction of the workpiece. A corresponding setting is particularly preferably carried out in different ways, depending on the direction. In this way, the secondary saddle can be fixed in the effective direction of the forces that act on the secondary saddle during the primary movement, so that the secondary drive no longer has to apply corresponding forces. Such a contact can be made, for example, on a moving beam or a transverse beam or on the subassembly loaded by the primary drive with primary forming forces in the direction of the workpiece, which very effectively and in a structurally simple manner leads to a corresponding relief. In the opposite direction, it can be sufficient if the secondary drive applies appropriate fixing forces, since these are significantly lower than the forming forces applied by the primary drive.

According to the invention, the forging press has a secondary saddle driven by the primary drive and an additional saddle, the secondary saddle and the additional saddle together forming the lower saddle and the upper saddle of the forging press. This configuration directly requires that the mass of the secondary saddle is smaller than the mass of the lower saddle or upper saddle formed from the secondary saddle and additional saddle, which accordingly brings advantages in terms of energy. In addition, the combination of secondary saddle and additional saddle is then available for primary movements, which is accordingly advantageous because of the greater mass and also—possibly—because of the larger area.

Different types of forging processes, such as open-die forging, drop forging and/or finishing, can also be carried out using a method for forging a workpiece in a forging press with an upper saddle and a lower saddle as well as a primary drive, via which a primary movement with a forming effect is driven between the upper saddle and the lower saddle. where the workpiece is formed not only by the forming effected by the primary movement but also by a secondary movement that has a forming effect and is driven by a secondary drive, if the forging process is characterized in that the secondary drive drives a secondary saddle and the secondary saddle is independent for the secondary movement of the secondary saddle is moved by the assemblies of the primary drive that drive the primary movement.

In contrast to drop forging presses, in which a secondary drive can drive hole rods or other slides, the driven secondary saddle enables direct forging movements for an open-die forge, particularly in conjunction with a drop forge, or finishing movements, particularly in conjunction with an open-die forge, to be energy-efficient as a secondary movement can be carried out if the secondary drive is matched to the movements provided for the secondary movement.

According to the invention, the secondary drive is supported on an assembly loaded by the primary drive from primary forming forces in the direction of the workpiece, this assembly being fixed before the forming via the secondary saddle or before the secondary movement and released before the primary movement. This enables the primary drive in particular to be relieved of forces that occur during the secondary movement or a deformation via the secondary saddle.

According to the invention, it is fixed to a forging press frame, which in this respect enables a particularly effective relief of the primary drive.

Depending on the specific implementation, it may be conceivable that the fixing means or the fixing is not entirely sufficient to absorb all forces that occur during forming via the secondary saddle or during the secondary movement - or should - so that some of these forces may must also be applied by the primary drive. Nevertheless, the fixing or the fixing means then require a corresponding proportional relief of the primary drive with the corresponding advantages.

According to the invention, the upper saddle or the lower saddle is divided into a secondary saddle and an additional saddle. Then only the secondary saddle is moved during the secondary movement of the secondary saddle, and the secondary saddle and the additional saddle are moved together during the primary movement, so that a larger mass and a larger area are available for the primary movement, which is particularly the case in open-die forging processes, which may need to be combined with finishing , is beneficial.

The mass moved by the secondary drive is preferably smaller than the mass moved by the primary drive, so that corresponding energy advantages can be achieved in a structurally simple manner. Cumulatively or alternatively, it is advantageous if the forming forces that can be applied via the secondary drive are smaller than the forming forces that can be applied via the primary drive. This means that the secondary drive can be made correspondingly smaller and correspondingly more economical in terms of energy. In particular, so-called volumes of fluids, which are used for cylinder-piston arrangements and have to be moved, can be reduced to a minimum in this way in the secondary drive, even though no other measures are provided that stand in the way of this.

As already explained above, the primary drive can be used as a forging drive, in particular for open-die forging, and the secondary drive can be used as a finishing drive. It goes without saying that, as is also the case with conventional forging presses, finishing is preferably carried out after forging or open-die forging.

The secondary drive can also be used for open-die forging and the primary drive for die forging, as already indicated above. In this case, the workpiece is preferably first pre-forged via the secondary drive for the purpose of distributing the mass of the workpiece and then finish-forged via the primary drive by means of the die or by means of the die function. It goes without saying that—possibly—open-die forging or even finishing using the secondary drive is also conceivable after drop forging.

In order to be able to achieve sufficiently high pressing forces, it is advantageous if at least the primary drive is hydraulic, so that the pressing forces required for forging can be applied. It is conceivable, for example, to design the secondary drive mechanically or electromechanically if lower forces are to be applied here, since this appears to be more cost-effective. However, it is also particularly preferred Secondary drive designed hydraulically in order to be able to apply correspondingly high forces via this drive and thus also to be able to forge on the workpieces in a reliable manner.

It goes without saying that the features of the solutions described above or in the claims can also be combined if necessary in order to be able to cumulatively implement the advantages accordingly.

Figur 1

eine erste Schmiedepresse in schematischer Seitenansicht teilweise aufgebrochen;

Figur 2

eine zweite Schmiedepresse in schematischer Seitenansicht, teilweise aufgebrochen; und

Figur 3

eine dritte Schmiedepresse in schematischer Seitenansicht; teilweise aufgebrochen.

Further advantages, goals and properties of the present invention are explained using the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are also shown in particular in the attached drawing. Show in the drawing:

figure 1

a first forging press partially broken away in a schematic side view;

figure 2

a second forging press in a schematic side view, partially broken away; and

figure 3

a third forging press in a schematic side view; partially broken.

The forging presses 10 shown in the figures each have a forging press frame 11 which, in a manner known per se, comprises an upper transverse beam 12 and a lower transverse beam or foundation beam 14 which are operatively connected to each other via columns 16 and tie rods 18 . Depending on the specific embodiment, these columns 16 and tie rods 18 can be made in one piece or in several pieces. It is also understood that, ultimately, different numbers and symmetries of columns 16 and tie rods 18, as are known from the prior art, can be provided. In particular, however, two or four columns 16 or tie rods 18 are customary. It is also understood that--depending on the specific embodiment--the columns 16 and tie rods 18 do not necessarily have to be provided coaxially to one another.

The forging presses 10 also have a moving beam 20 in a manner known per se, which is driven by a primary drive 30 and carries an upper saddle 22 .

A lower saddle 24 is provided opposite the upper saddle 22 and is supported on the lower transverse beam or foundation beam 14 .

The primary drive 30, on the other hand, is supported on the upper transverse beam 12, as a result of which forging forces and forging movements can be applied between the upper saddle 22 and the lower saddle 24 in a manner known per se.

At the in figure 2 In the variant illustrated, a die 26 is additionally provided, which can be optionally attached to the upper saddle 22 with its upper half of the die and to the lower saddle 24 with its lower half of the die. It is understood that in variant embodiments, the die 26 or portions thereof may be permanently attached to or integrally formed with the upper saddle 22 or the lower saddle 24 .

It goes without saying that other forging presses can be reversed in their effect, so that, for example, the foundation bar is an upper cross bar, or the primary drive is supported on the lower cross bar. Ultimately, this only requires or at most a reversal of the directions of movement, since an equilibrium of forces is ultimately established via the forging press frame 11, the directions of which are independent of the direction in which the primary drive 30 acts.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the primary drive 30 has a primary cylinder 32 which is provided on the upper transverse beam 12 and in which a primary piston 34 runs, which can exert force on the upper saddle 22 . It goes without saying that in different embodiments, several primary cylinders 32 and primary pistons 34 can also be provided without further ado, without thereby deviating from the basic functionality of the present exemplary embodiments.

In all of the exemplary embodiments, the upper saddle 22 and the lower saddle 24 have a forging effect on a workpiece 50.

At the in figures 1 and 2 Forging presses 10 shown, a secondary drive 40 is provided, the secondary cylinder 42 is arranged within the crosshead 23 and also within the primary piston 34. This configuration leaves a relatively large amount of space for the secondary drive 40, with a smaller secondary cylinder 42 also being able to be provided if necessary, of course, so that a somewhat different configuration is conceivable here in concrete terms in the case of deviating exemplary embodiments. In particular, a smaller secondary cylinder 42 makes it possible, if necessary, for the primary cylinder 32 and primary piston 34 in the exemplary embodiments according to FIG Figure 1 to 3 be reversed in that the primary piston 34 is supported on the upper transverse beam 12 and the primary cylinder 32 is supported on the moving beam 20 and opens upwards.

In the embodiment according to figure 1 the moving beam 20 is guided on the columns 16 or tie rods 18 by means of clamping bushes 62, which fixing means 60 represent, by means of which the moving beam 20 can optionally be fixed to the forging press frame 11 or to the columns 16 or tie rods 18. In this exemplary embodiment, these clamping bushes 62 are also used to guide the moving beam 20 if it is not fixed by the fixing means 60 .

The fixing means 60 allows secondary forces applied by the secondary drive 40 to be compensated for directly via the columns 16 or tie rods 18 and the lower transverse beam 14, so that the primary drive 30 is relieved of these forces, which is accordingly also advantageous if this relief is only partially done.

It goes without saying that also in the case of the exemplary embodiments according to figures 2 and 3 if appropriate, appropriate fixing means or clamping bushes can be provided.

It is also understood that in different exemplary embodiments, part of the columns 16 or tie rods 18 can only serve to guide the moving beam 20 , while another part can carry fixing means 60 . It is also understood that instead of the clamping bushes 62, other devices can also be used by means of which a moving beam 20 can be fixed in relation to the forging press frame 11.

It is also conceivable that in the embodiment according to figure 3 the moving beam 20 is guided on the columns 16 or tie rods 18 and, if necessary, also fixed. If this is necessary, the lower saddle 24 can be guided or clamped in the exemplary embodiment figure 3 take place on the columns 16 or tie rods 18.

The secondary drive 40 in each case drives a secondary piston 44 which is connected to a secondary saddle 46 and can apply forces from the secondary drive 40 to the respective workpieces 50 . Here, in deviation from the exemplary embodiments figures 1 and 2 in the embodiment figure 3 the secondary drive 40 is provided with its secondary cylinder 42 in the lower transverse beam or foundation beam 14 .

The secondary drives 40 are designed in relation to the primary drives 30 in such a way that correspondingly smaller or less powerful movements, such as those occurring during finishing in an open-die forging press or during additional open-die forging in a closed-die forging press (see figure 2 ) occur, can be applied. In accordance with their lower design, the secondary drives 40 can then be operated with less energy.

As in the embodiment according to figure 2 shown as an example, the upper saddle 22 can optionally also be shown divided from the secondary saddle 46 and an additional saddle 36 . This means that only a smaller area is available for the secondary movement of the secondary drive 40 . However, this also requires a correspondingly low mass, which is correspondingly more favorable in terms of energy. It goes without saying that such a division of the upper saddle 22 is also possible in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG figure 1 is possible. Likewise, the lower saddle 24 of the embodiment figure 3 be designed accordingly divided.

The reduction in the moving mass results, in particular with a suitable process control as a configuration of the forging presses 10, also from the fact that the crosshead 20 is not moved or does not have to be moved during the secondary movement.

It goes without saying that there is also a corresponding energetic reduction if faster and shorter strokes are used in the secondary movement than in the primary movement, since the energy gain is ultimately compared to conventional forging presses, in which smaller or faster or less powerful movements are also carried out by the Primary drive would have to be applied, has to take place.

In the present exemplary embodiments, it is not necessary to fix the secondary saddle 46 during the primary movement, in particular to relieve the secondary drive 40, since the secondary saddle in the exemplary embodiments according to figures 1 and 2 on the moving beam 20 and in the exemplary embodiment figure 3 can be supported on the lower transverse beam or foundation beam 14, which can serve as a system when the primary forces are applied. As a result, the secondary drive 40 is relieved in a simple manner. During the return movements, the forces are significantly lower, so that relief, for example by means of fixing devices such as clamping elements or the like, is generally not necessary.

Reference list:

10

forging press

11

forging press frame

12

upper cross bar

14

lower cross beam/foundation beam

16

pillar

18

tie rod

20

crossbar

22

upper saddle

24

saddle

26

die

30

primary drive

32

primary cylinder

34

primary piston

36

additional saddle

40

secondary drive

42

secondary cylinder

44

secondary piston

46

secondary saddle

50

workpiece

60

fixing means

62

clamping bush

Claims (5)

1. Forging press (10) with a forging press frame (11), with an upper die (22) and a lower die (24) as well as a primary drive (30) that acts with respect to the forging press frame (11) for applying primary forming forces to a workpiece (50) between the upper die (22) and the lower die (24) as well as with a secondary drive (40) for applying secondary forming forces to the workpiece (50), wherein the secondary drive (40) is supported on an assembly subjected to primary forming forces by the primary drive (30) in the direction of the workpiece (50), and wherein the secondary drive (40) is supported on a moving crosshead (20) driven by the primary drive (30) or on a crosshead (14) which interacts with the primary drive (30) via tie rods (18), characterized in that the forging press (10) comprises fixing means (60) for selectively fixing the assembly with respect to the forging press frame (11) and a secondary die (46) driven by the secondary drive (40) and an auxiliary die (36), and in that the secondary die (46) and the auxiliary die (36) together form the lower die (24) or the upper die (22) and in that, during the secondary movement of the secondary die (46), only the secondary die (46) is movable while, during the primary movement, the secondary die (46) and the auxiliary die (36) are movable together, wherein (i) the primary drive (30) can be used as a forging drive and the secondary drive (40) can be used as a finishing drive and/or wherein (ii) the mass moved by the secondary drive (40) is smaller than the mass moved by the primary drive (30) and/or the forming forces that can be applied via the secondary drive (40) are smaller than the forming forces that can be applied via the primary drive (30).
2. Method for forging a workpiece (50) in a forging press (10) with an upper die (22) and a lower die (24) as well as a primary drive (30) via which a primary movement with a forming effect is driven between the upper die (22) and the lower die (24), wherein the workpiece (50), in addition to the forming effected by the primary movement, is also formed via a secondary movement with a forming effect driven by a secondary drive (40), wherein the secondary drive (40) drives a secondary die (46) and, for the secondary movement of the secondary die (46), the secondary die (46) is moved independently of the assemblies of the primary drive (30) which drive the primary movement, wherein the secondary drive (40) is supported on an assembly subjected to primary forming forces by the primary drive (30) in the direction of the workpiece (50), characterized in that this assembly is fixed on a forging press frame (11) before the forming via the secondary die (46) and is released before the primary movement and in that the upper die (22) or the lower die (24) are divided into a secondary die (46) and an auxiliary die (36) and, during the secondary movement of the secondary die (46), only the secondary die (46) is moved while, during the primary movement, the secondary die (46) and the auxiliary die (36) are moved together and in that the mass moved by the secondary drive (40) is smaller than the mass moved by the primary drive (30) and/or in that the forming forces that can be applied via the secondary drive (40) are smaller than the forming forces that can be applied via the primary drive (30) and in that the primary drive (30) is used as a forging drive and the secondary drive (40) is used as a finishing drive.
3. The forging method according to claim 2, characterized in that the finishing occurs after the forging.
4. The forging press (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary drive (40) is used for open-die forging and the primary drive (30) is used for closed-die forging, wherein the workpiece (50) is preferably first preliminarily forged via the secondary drive (40) in order to distribute the mass of the workpiece (50) and subsequently forged to completion via the primary drive (30).
5. The forging method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the secondary drive (40) is used for open-die forging and the primary drive (30) is used for closed-die forging, wherein the workpiece (50) is preferably first preliminarily forged via the secondary drive (40) in order to distribute the mass of the workpiece (50) and subsequently forged to completion via the primary drive (30).

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