EP3422373B1 - Kompakte lineare magnetspule mit verbesserter geometrie der magnetisch aktiven oberflächen - Google Patents

Kompakte lineare magnetspule mit verbesserter geometrie der magnetisch aktiven oberflächen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3422373B1
EP3422373B1 EP18000363.4A EP18000363A EP3422373B1 EP 3422373 B1 EP3422373 B1 EP 3422373B1 EP 18000363 A EP18000363 A EP 18000363A EP 3422373 B1 EP3422373 B1 EP 3422373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plunger
base
solenoid
conical surface
ring
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EP18000363.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3422373A1 (de
Inventor
Matija Javorski
Samo Sajevic
Mario Duric
Jan Skofic
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Iskra Mehanizmi d o o
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Iskra Mehanizmi d o o
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a compact push/pull linear solenoid with the improved geometry of magnetically active surfaces.
  • the object of the invention belongs to the field of constructional and electromagnetic solutions to electromagnets, class H01F7/16 of the International Patent Classification.
  • the notion magnetically active surface represents any surface of a ferromagnetic element of a solenoid, via which magnetic field lines run during operation and on which magnetic force is exerted.
  • the notion geometry of magnetically active surfaces represents a conical shape of a movable assembly - a plunger and the corresponding conical immovable base - which additionally serves as a stop of a plunger stroke. Said conical shapes allow for two modes of operation: an actuating and a holding mode.
  • the actuating mode starts with switching on the electric current in a coil that creates a magnetic field in the axial direction of the solenoid and consequently creates a magnetic force on the plunger.
  • the created magnetic force moves the movable plunger from the initial position to the end position defined by the immovable base.
  • the magnetic force acts on the plunger in axial direction, such that the plunger and the base create a mutual contact on their conical surfaces, thus closing the magnetic circuit.
  • the second mode is a holding mode, in which the magnetic force holds the plunger in the end position of its linear stroke.
  • an integrated spring returns the plunger back to its initial position.
  • the entire functional characteristic of the solenoid is adjustable and can be carried out to reach as high actuating force as possible, as high holding force as possible, constancy or linearity of the course of the force or adjustment of the course of the force to a specific application at a limited consumption of electric power and limited dimensions of the solenoid.
  • An important aspect of the solenoid is also a low mass of the plunger with respect to the created magnetic force. The lower the ratio between them, the better resistance to vibrations a solenoid can reach.
  • a low plunger mass at a selected pretension of the spring allows for an undisturbed operation under the influence of vibrations from the environment.
  • the solenoids of this type having adjustable characteristics are suitable for applications in automotive and other industries where higher forces at smaller dimensions are required.
  • An example of use is a switch-like shift of mechanical levers in an automatic gearbox.
  • Concepts of computer-aided design in combination with advanced methods of numerical analysis are used, such as electromagnetic and mechanical simulations by using the finite element method.
  • the technical problem solved by the invention consists of several segments.
  • the improved geometry of conical components allows for improvements in the field of linear solenoids, particularly from the aspect of performance at a prescribed size, vibrational resistance and simplicity of production. It further has impact on other properties of solenoids, such as robust and deterministic operation, long lifetime, fitness for series production, material adaptability, a smaller quantity of a wire in a coil, smaller dimensions of the solenoid, high speed of actuation, high integrability, adjustability of a functional characteristic and application in a variety of conditions, such as: environment with low and high temperatures (-40 °C to +125 °C), corrosive environment, environment with oil mist for automatic gear boxes, etc.
  • This solution is an improvement of a simple solenoid with conical faces particularly due to the fact that it allows a mechanical contact of the magnetically active surfaces, an increase in the holding force and linearity of the course of the force along the stroke, while an increase in the actuating force is not worth mentioning.
  • a use of annular surfaces reduces the actuating force, while an additional cylindrical surface improves the created situation by 8% at the most, according to the author.
  • the improvement in the actuating force of a solenoid with one conical surface on a plunger and a base, respectively, is possible with an introduction of an additional conical surface of a reversed orientation - patent US3805204 , yet the improvement value does not exceed 8%.
  • a limitation of this solution lies in a combination of inner and outer conical surfaces that are very demanding for production and a low ratio between the actuating force and the plunger mass.
  • the additional cylindrical plate on the plunger considerably contributes to the mass of the plunger, while it does not contribute to the actuating force of the solenoid.
  • patent EP2858075A1 A notable solution for achieving a constant course of the magnetic force along the stroke is presented in patent EP2858075A1 . It features a conical and a cylindrical magnetically active surface of both the plunger and the base. The cylindrical surfaces axially overlap in all plunger positions, creating a flux bypass effect and minimizing the variation of magnetic force along the stroke. A drawback of the disclosed flux bypass is however a reduction in the holding force.
  • a simple solenoid with conical surfaces - Figure 1 As a reference in the presentation of the invention, a simple solenoid with conical surfaces - Figure 1 is used. It comprises a coil 1, a plunger 2, a base 3, a housing 4, a plunger rod 5 and a return spring 6. Magnetically active surfaces between the plunger and the base are an inner conical surface 2a of the plunger and an outer conical surface 3a of the base. A typical course of the magnetic force of such a solenoid as a function of the stroke is shown in Figure 5 .
  • a compact linear solenoid according to the invention is defined in any of claims 1 or 3.
  • the first embodiment of the solenoid with the improved magnetically active surfaces i.e. a solenoid with plunger sleeve
  • a solenoid with plunger sleeve is an upgrade of the solenoid presented in Figure 1 . It is shown in Figure 2 . It comprises a coil 7, a plunger 8, a base 9, a housing 10, optionally a plunger rod 11 and optionally a return spring 12.
  • the plunger 8 is provided in its end part with an additional sleeve 8d of the plunger 8, such that additional magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are formed, precisely an inner cylindrical surface 8b and a plunger ring 8c.
  • the height of the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8 represents 5% to 35% of the total height of the plunger 8; the height of the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8 preferably represents 15% to 25% of the total height of the plunger. In the embodiment, the height of the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8 represents 18% of the total height of the plunger.
  • the base 9 is provided with an adequately adapted counter surface; the base 9 is provided in its end part with a cylindrical chamfer 9d, such that additional magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are formed, precisely an outer cylindrical surface 9b and a base ring 9c.
  • end part refers to those parts of the plunger 8 or the base 9 which contact each other or come to direct vicinity in the linear movement of the solenoid.
  • the cylindrical chamfer 9d of the base 9 fits in its form to the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8, the linear movement of the plunger 8 is thus enabled and the plunger ring 8c sits on the base ring 9c.
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are the inner conical surface 8a, the inner cylindrical surface 8b and the plunger ring 8c
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are the outer conical surface 9a, the outer cylindrical surface 9b and the base ring 9c.
  • the physical production of the magnetically active surfaces may include chamfering and rounding of edges in tolerances of +0.5 mm and -0,5 mm, and a variety of production related simplifications of the geometries of the magnetically active surfaces, e. g. stepping, polynomial approximation, etc.
  • the solenoid can be adapted to a push or pull function, the return stroke is provided by a return spring 12 or an external force.
  • Such an upgrade represents an improvement in the actuating force by at least 24% and an improvement in the holding force by 118% compared to the reference solenoid.
  • the course of the magnetic force of the solenoid as a function of the stroke is shown in Figure 5 .
  • an improvement from a mechanical point of view is present; the plunger ring 8c and the base ring 9c, these are annular magnetically active surfaces, are oriented normally with respect to the stroke of the plunger 8 and enable its mechanical contact in the end position without a risk of getting latched.
  • Such an embodiment contributes to low wear, dimensional stability, and a long lifetime of the solenoid. Further, a low ratio between the plunger mass and the actuating force provides for high resistance of the solenoid against vibrations.
  • the base 9 is provided in the end part with an additional conical chamfer 9e instead of a cylindrical chamfer 9d, such that additional magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are formed, precisely an additional outer conical surface 9f and a base ring 9c.
  • the height of the additional conical chamfer 9e lies between 5% and 35% of the total height of the plunger 8.
  • the base 9 is formed of two cones, wherein the angles of the outer conical surfaces 9a and 9f are different and the angle of the additional outer conical surface 9f is smaller than the angle of the existing outer conical surface 9a.
  • the angle of the additional outer conical surface 9f lies between 2° and 25°, preferably 7° with respect to the straight line running through the centre of the axis.
  • the solenoid in the presented embodiment comprises a coil 7, a plunger 8, a base 9, a housing 10, optionally a plunger rod 11 and optionally a return spring 12.
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are the inner conical surface 8a, the inner cylindrical surface 8b and the plunger ring 8c
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are the outer conical surface 9a, the additional outer conical surface 9f and the base ring 9c.
  • the angles of the conical surfaces 8a and 9a match up to a tolerance value of 10°, the angle of the additional outer conical surface 9f does not depend on them and is different, namely smaller than the angle of the existing outer conical surface 9a.
  • the plunger 8 has an 8e additional outer edge chamfer 8e on the opposite side of the end part of the plunger 8.
  • the chamfer is carried out at an angle between 5° and 35°, preferably at an angle of 27° with respect to the straight line running through the centre of the axis.
  • the solenoid in the presented embodiment comprises a coil 7, a plunger 8, a base 9, a housing 10, optionally a plunger rod 11 and optionally a return spring 12.
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are the inner conical surface 8a, the inner cylindrical surface 8b and the plunger ring 8c, and the magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are the outer conical surface 9a, the additional outer conical surface 9f and the base ring 9c.
  • Such an upgrade preserves the performance of the solenoid with two cones of the base ( Figure 3 ) in terms of actuating force and linearity of the course of the magnetic force along the stroke (without inflexion points), while the magnetic force at the end of the stroke is reduced due to the chamfer of the plunger, and this has a positive effect on vibrations and noise of the solenoid.
  • the course of the magnetic force of the solenoid as a function of the stroke is shown in Figure 5 .
  • the universal solenoid ( Figure 4 ) provides for a stop of the plunger in the end position without a risk of latching, which results in lower wear, dimensional stability and a long lifetime of the solenoid.
  • a low ratio between the plunger mass and the actuating force provides for high resistance of the solenoid against vibrations.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Kompaktes lineares Solenoid mit einer Spule (7), einem beweglichen Stößel (8), einer entsprechenden unbeweglichen Basis (9), einem Gehäuse (10) einer zylindrischen Form, gegebenenfalls einer beweglichen Kolbenstange (11) und gegebenenfalls einer Rückstellfeder (12), wobei der Innenteil des Stößels (8) und der entsprechende Außenteil der Basis (9) konisch ausgebildet sind, wobei der Stößel (8) in seinem Endteil mit einer zusätzlichen Hülse (8d) des Stößels (8) versehen ist und die Basis (9) eine zylindrische Fase (9d) in Form einer äußeren zylindrischen Fläche (9b) und einen Basisring (9c) in ihrem Endteil aufweist, wobei die zylindrische Fase (9d) der Basis (9) in ihrer Form der Hülse (8d) des Stößels (8) angepasst ist, wobei der Endteil des Stößels (8) und der Endteil der Basis (9) Teile sind, die bei der Linearbewegung des Solenoids einander berühren oder in unmittelbare Nähe kommen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zusätzliche Hülse (8d) des Stößels (8) in Form eines Zylinders mit einer inneren Zylinderfläche (8b) und einem Stößelring (8c) ausgebildet ist, wobei die magnetisch wirksamen Flächen des Stößels (8) eine innere Konusfläche (8a) des Stößels, die innere Zylinderfläche (8b) und der Stößelring (8c) sind, und die magnetisch wirksamen Flächen der Basis eine äußere Konusfläche (9a) der Basis, die äußere Zylinderfläche (9b) und der Stößelring (9c) sind, wobei in der Ausgangsstellung des Stößels (8) zu Beginn des Hubs des Stößels (8) die innere Zylinderfläche des Stößels (8b) und die äußere Zylinderfläche der Basis (9b) beabstandet sind, und wobei der Kolbenring (8c) und der Basisring (9c) normal zum Hub des Stößels (8) ausgerichtet sind, wobei durch die lineare Bewegung des Stößels (8) der mechanische Kontakt des Kolbenrings (8c) mit dem Basisring (9c) ermöglicht wird.
  2. Solenoid nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe der Hülse (8d) des Stößels (8) zwischen 5% und 35% der Gesamthöhe des Stößels, vorzugsweise zwischen 15% und 25%, beträgt.
  3. Solenoid nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Basis (9) in ihrem Endteil anstelle einer zylindrischen Fase (9d) in Form einer äußeren zylindrischen Fläche (9b) eine konische Fase (9e) mit einer zusätzlichen äußeren Konusfläche (9f) und dem Basisring (9c) aufweist, so dass die magnetisch wirksamen Flächen der Basis (9) die äußere Konusfläche (9a), die zusätzliche äußere Konusfläche (9f) und der Basisring (9c) sind.
  4. Solenoid nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe der konischen Fase (9e) zwischen 5% und 35% der Gesamthöhe des Stößels (8) beträgt.
  5. Solenoid nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Winkel der äußeren Konusfläche (9a) und der zusätzlichen äußeren Konusfläche (9f) unterschiedlich sind und der Winkel der zusätzlichen äußeren Konusfläche (9f) kleiner ist als der Winkel der äußeren Konusfläche (9a), wobei der Winkel der zusätzlichen äußeren Konusfläche (9f) zwischen 2° und 25°, vorzugsweise 7° zur durch die Mitte der Achse verlaufenden Geraden liegt.
  6. Solenoid nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stößel (8) auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Endteils des Stößels (8) eine äußere Randfase (8e) aufweist.
  7. Solenoid nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die äußere Randfase (8e) unter einem Winkel zwischen 5° und 35°, vorzugsweise einem Winkel von 27° gegenüber der durch den Mittelpunkt der Achse verlaufenden Geraden erfolgt.
  8. Solenoid nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Winkel der inneren Konusfläche (8a) und der äußeren Konusfläche (9a) bis zu einem Toleranzwert von 10° übereinstimmen.
  9. Verwendung des Solenoids nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8 für eine Druck- oder Zugfunktion, wobei der Rückhub durch eine integrierte Feder (12) oder eine äußere Kraft bereitgestellt wird.
EP18000363.4A 2017-06-28 2018-04-16 Kompakte lineare magnetspule mit verbesserter geometrie der magnetisch aktiven oberflächen Active EP3422373B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201700194A SI25459A (sl) 2017-06-28 2017-06-28 Kompaktni linearni solenoid z izboljšano geometrijo magnetno aktivnih površin

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EP3422373A1 EP3422373A1 (de) 2019-01-02
EP3422373B1 true EP3422373B1 (de) 2021-06-09

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024187032A1 (en) * 2023-03-09 2024-09-12 Sensata Technologies Inc. Electromechanical switching device with a shock resistance mechanism

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3381250A (en) 1966-06-27 1968-04-30 Sperry Rand Corp Electromagnetic device
US3505628A (en) 1968-03-04 1970-04-07 Perry E Allen Solenoid plunger with limited free travel
DE2112799B2 (de) 1971-03-17 1975-09-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Elektromagnet
US3805204A (en) 1972-04-21 1974-04-16 Polaroid Corp Tractive electromagnetic device
DE3437106A1 (de) * 1983-10-14 1985-05-02 Equipements Automobiles Marchal S.A., Issy-les-Moulineaux Elektromagnetische stelleinrichtung
KR100420662B1 (ko) 1995-09-08 2004-06-05 도토기키 가부시키가이샤 솔레노이드및솔레노이드밸브
JP4571189B2 (ja) 2005-05-31 2010-10-27 ミネベア株式会社 ロング比例ストロークフォースモータ
JP2007288000A (ja) 2006-04-18 2007-11-01 Shindengen Mechatronics Co Ltd ソレノイド
US20120268225A1 (en) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Honeywell International Inc. Solenoid actuator with surface features on the poles
JP5427210B2 (ja) * 2011-07-05 2014-02-26 本田技研工業株式会社 ソレノイドおよび電磁弁
US9347579B2 (en) * 2013-10-03 2016-05-24 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Flux bypass for solenoid actuator

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EP3422373A1 (de) 2019-01-02

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