EP3422373A1 - Solénoïde linéaire compact à géométrie améliorée de surfaces magnétiquement actives - Google Patents

Solénoïde linéaire compact à géométrie améliorée de surfaces magnétiquement actives Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3422373A1
EP3422373A1 EP18000363.4A EP18000363A EP3422373A1 EP 3422373 A1 EP3422373 A1 EP 3422373A1 EP 18000363 A EP18000363 A EP 18000363A EP 3422373 A1 EP3422373 A1 EP 3422373A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plunger
solenoid
base
magnetically active
active surfaces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18000363.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3422373B1 (fr
Inventor
Matija Javorski
Samo Sajevic
Mario Duric
Jan Skofic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iskra Mehanizmi d o o
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Iskra Mehanizmi d o o
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Publication of EP3422373A1 publication Critical patent/EP3422373A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a compact push/pull linear solenoid with the improved geometry of magnetically active surfaces.
  • the object of the invention belongs to the field of constructional and electromagnetic solutions to electromagnets, class H01F7/16 of the International Patent Classification.
  • the notion magnetically active surface represents any surface of a ferromagnetic element of a solenoid, via which magnetic field lines run during operation and on which magnetic force is exerted.
  • the notion geometry of magnetically active surfaces represents a conical shape of a movable assembly - a plunger and the corresponding conical immovable base - which additionally serves as a stop of a plunger stroke. Said conical shapes allow for two modes of operation: an actuating and a holding mode.
  • the actuating mode starts with switching on the electric current in a coil that creates a magnetic field in the axial direction of the solenoid and consequently creates a magnetic force to the plunger.
  • the created magnetic force moves the movable plunger from the initial position to the end position defined by the immovable base.
  • the magnetic force acts on the plunger in axial direction, such that the plunger and the base create a mutual contact on their conical surfaces, thus closing the magnetic circle.
  • the second mode is a holding mode, in which the magnetic force holds the plunger in the end position of its linear stroke.
  • an integrated spring returns the plunger back to its initial position.
  • the entire functional characteristic of the solenoid is adjustable and can be carried out to reach as high actuating force as possible, as high holding force as possible, constancy or linearity of the course of the force or adjustment of the course of the force to a specific application at a limited consumption of electric power and limited dimensions of the solenoid.
  • An important aspect of the solenoid is also a low mass of the plunger with respect to the created magnetic force. The lower the ratio between them, the better resistance to vibrations a solenoid can reach.
  • a low plunger mass at a selected pretension of the spring allows for an undisturbed operation under the influence of vibrations from the environment.
  • the solenoids of this type having adjustable characteristics are suitable for applications in automotive and other industries where higher forces at smaller dimensions are required.
  • An example of use is a switch-like shift of mechanical levers in an automatic gearbox.
  • Concepts of computer-aided design in combination with advanced methods of numerical analysis are used, such as electromagnetic and mechanical simulations by using the finite element method.
  • the technical problem solved by the invention consists of several segments.
  • the improved geometry of conical components allows for improvements in the field of linear solenoids, particularly from the aspect of performance at a prescribed size, vibrational resistance and simplicity of production. It further has impact on other properties of solenoids, such as robust and deterministic operation, long lifetime, fitness for series production, material adaptability, a smaller quantity of a wire in a coil, smaller dimensions of the solenoid, high speed of actuation, high integrability, adjustability of a functional characteristic and application in a variety of conditions, such as: environment with high and low temperatures (-40 °C to +125 °C), corrosive environment, environment with oil mist for automatic gear boxes, etc.
  • This solution is an improvement of a simple solenoid with conical faces particularly due to the fact that it allows a mechanical contact of the magnetically active surfaces, an increase in the holding force and linearity of the course of the force along the stroke, while an increase in the actuating force is not worth mentioning.
  • a use of annular faces reduces the actuating force, while an additional cylindrical surface improves the created situation by 8% at the most, according to the author.
  • the improvement in the actuating force of a solenoid with one conical surface on a plunger and a base, respectively, is possible with an introduction of an additional conical face of a reversed orientation - patent US3805204 , yet the improvement value does not exceed 8%.
  • a simple solenoid with conical surfaces - Figure 1 As a reference in the presentation of the invention, a simple solenoid with conical surfaces - Figure 1 is used. It comprises a coil 1, a plunger 2, a base 3, a housing 4, a plunger rod 5 and a return spring 6. Magnetically active surfaces between the plunger and the base are an inner conical surface 2a of the plunger and an outer conical surface 3a of the base. A typical course of the magnetic force of such a solenoid as a function of the stroke is shown in Figure 6 .
  • the first embodiment of the solenoid with the improved magnetically active surfaces is an upgrade of the solenoid presented in Figure 1 . It is shown in Figure 2 . It comprises a coil 7, a plunger 8, a base 9, a housing 10, optionally a plunger rod 11 and optionally a return spring 12.
  • the plunger 8 is provided in its end part with an additional sleeve 8d of the plunger 8, such that additional magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are formed, precisely an inner cylindrical surface 8b and a ring 8c.
  • the height of the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8 represents 5% to 35% of the total height of the plunger 8; the height of the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8 preferably represents 15% to 25% of the total height of the plunger.
  • the height of the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8 represents 18% of the total height of the plunger.
  • the base 9 is provided with an adequately adapted counter surface; the base 9 is provided in its end part with a cylindrical chamfer 9d, such that additional magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are formed, precisely a cylindrical surface 9b and a ring 9c.
  • the term "end part” refers to those parts of the plunger 8 or the base 9 which contact each other or come to direct vicinity in the linear movement of the solenoid.
  • the cylindrical chamfer 9d of the base 9 fits in its form to the sleeve 8d of the plunger 8, the linear movement of the plunger 8 is thus enabled and the ring 8c sits on the ring 9c.
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are an inner conical surface 8a, the inner cylindrical surface 8b and the ring 8c, and the magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are an outer conical surface 9a, the outer cylindrical surface 9b and the ring 9c.
  • the angles of the conical surfaces of the plunger and of the base match up to a tolerance of 10°
  • the physical production of the magnetically active surfaces may include chamfering and rounding of edges in tolerances +0.5 mm and -0,5 mm, and a variety of production related simplifications of the geometries of the magnetically active surfaces, e. g. stepping, polynomial approximation, etc.
  • the solenoid can be adapted to a push or pull function, the return stroke is provided by a return spring 12 or an external force.
  • a return spring 12 or an external force Such an upgrade represents an improvement in the actuating force by at least 24% and an improvement in the holding force by 118% compared to the reference solenoid.
  • the course of the magnetic force of the solenoid as a function of the stroke is shown in Figure 6 .
  • an improvement from a mechanical point of view is present; the rings 8c and 9c, these are annular magnetically active surfaces, are oriented normally with respect to the stroke of the plunger 8 and enable its mechanical contact in the end position without a risk of getting latched.
  • Such an embodiment contributes to low wear, dimensional stability, and a long lifetime of the solenoid. Further, a low ratio between the plunger mass and the actuating force provides for high resistance of the solenoid against vibrations.
  • the plunger 8 and the base 9 are formed in their end part as a conventional solenoid with conical surfaces and the plunger 8 has additional chamfer of the outer edge 8e on the opposite side of the end part of the plunger 8.
  • the chamfer is carried out at an angle between 5° and 35°, preferably an angle of 27° with respect to the straight line running through the centre of the axis.
  • the magnetically active surfaces between the plunger 8 and the base 9 are the inner conical surface 8a of the plunger and the outer conical surface 9a of the base.
  • the physical production of the magnetically active surfaces may include chamfering and rounding of edges in tolerances +0.5 mm and -0.5 mm, and a variety of production related simplifications of geometries of the magnetically active surfaces, e. g. stepping, polynomial approximation, etc.
  • the solenoid can be adapted to a push or pull function, the return stroke is provided by a return spring 12 or an external force. Such an upgrade introduces an improvement in the functioning of the solenoid, particularly from the point of view of providing for a constant course of the magnetic force along the stroke without a reduction in the actuating force.
  • the increase in the magnetic force along the stroke amounts to 237% of the actuating force, while the increase amounts to 385% with the reference solenoid.
  • the course of the magnetic force of the solenoid as a function of the stroke is shown in Figure 6 .
  • Such an embodiment of the solenoid provides for a low level of vibrations and noise during operation, while the actuating force remains unchanged.
  • the plunger 8 is provided in its end part with an additional sleeve 8d of the plunger 8, while the base 9 is provided in the end part with an additional conical chamfer 9e instead of a cylindrical chamfer, such that additional magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are formed, precisely an additional outer conical surface 9f and a ring 9c.
  • the height of the additional conical chamfer 9e lies between 5% and 35% of the total height of the plunger 8.
  • the base 9 is formed of two cones, wherein the angles of the outer conical surfaces 9a and 9f are different and the angle of the additional outer conical surface 9f is smaller than the angle of the existing outer conical surface 9a.
  • the angle of the additional outer conical surface 9f lies between 2° and 25°, preferably 7° with respect to the straight line running through the centre of the axis.
  • the solenoid in the presented embodiment comprises a coil 7, a plunger 8, a base 9, a housing 10, optionally a plunger rod 11 and optionally a return spring 12.
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are the inner conical surface 8a, the inner cylindrical surface 8b and the ring 8c, and the magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are the outer conical surface 9a, the outer conical surface 9f and the ring 9c.
  • the angles of the conical surfaces 8a and 9a match up to a tolerance value of 10°, the angle of the additional outer conical surface 9f does not depend on them and is different, namely smaller than the angle of the existing outer conical surface 9a.
  • the plunger 8 has additional chamfer of the outer edge 8e on the opposite side of the end part of the plunger 8.
  • the chamfer is carried out at an angle between 5° and 35°, preferably an angle of 27° with respect to the straight line running through the centre of the axis.
  • the solenoid in the presented embodiment comprises a coil 7, a plunger 8, a base 9, a housing 10, optionally a plunger rod 11 and optionally a return spring 12.
  • the magnetically active surfaces of the plunger 8 are the inner conical surface 8a, the inner cylindrical surface 8b and the ring 8c, and the magnetically active surfaces of the base 9 are the outer conical surface 9a, the outer conical surface 9f and the ring 9c.
  • Such an upgrade preserves the performance of the solenoid with two cones of the base ( Figure 4 ) in terms of actuating force and linearity of the course of the magnetic force along the stroke (without inflexion points), while the magnetic force at the end of the stroke is reduced due to the chamfer of the plunger, and this has a positive effect on vibrations and noise of the solenoid.
  • the course of the magnetic force of the solenoid as a function of the stroke is shown in Figure 6 .
  • the universal solenoid ( Figure 5 ) provides for a stop of the plunger in the end position without a risk of latching, which results in lower wear, dimensional stability and a long lifetime of the solenoid.
  • a low ratio between the plunger mass and the actuating force provides for high resistance of the solenoid against vibrations.
EP18000363.4A 2017-06-28 2018-04-16 Solénoïde linéaire compact à géométrie améliorée de surfaces magnétiquement actives Active EP3422373B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201700194A SI25459A (sl) 2017-06-28 2017-06-28 Kompaktni linearni solenoid z izboljšano geometrijo magnetno aktivnih površin

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3422373A1 true EP3422373A1 (fr) 2019-01-02
EP3422373B1 EP3422373B1 (fr) 2021-06-09

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EP (1) EP3422373B1 (fr)
SI (1) SI25459A (fr)

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3381250A (en) 1966-06-27 1968-04-30 Sperry Rand Corp Electromagnetic device
US3505628A (en) 1968-03-04 1970-04-07 Perry E Allen Solenoid plunger with limited free travel
US3735302A (en) 1971-03-17 1973-05-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electromagnet
US3805204A (en) 1972-04-21 1974-04-16 Polaroid Corp Tractive electromagnetic device
GB2148053A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-05-22 Marchal Equip Auto An electromagnetic actuator comprising at least two distinct magnetic circuits
US6076550A (en) 1995-09-08 2000-06-20 Toto Ltd. Solenoid and solenoid valve
EP1887677A1 (fr) 2005-05-31 2008-02-13 Minebea Co.,Ltd. Moteur force a phase de longue proportion
US20090128271A1 (en) 2006-04-18 2009-05-21 Shindengen Mechatronics Co., Ltd Solenoid
US20120268225A1 (en) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Honeywell International Inc. Solenoid actuator with surface features on the poles
US20130009083A1 (en) * 2011-07-05 2013-01-10 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Solenoid and solenoid valve
EP2858075A1 (fr) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-08 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Dérivation de flux pour actionneur à solénoïde

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3381250A (en) 1966-06-27 1968-04-30 Sperry Rand Corp Electromagnetic device
US3505628A (en) 1968-03-04 1970-04-07 Perry E Allen Solenoid plunger with limited free travel
US3735302A (en) 1971-03-17 1973-05-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electromagnet
US3805204A (en) 1972-04-21 1974-04-16 Polaroid Corp Tractive electromagnetic device
GB2148053A (en) * 1983-10-14 1985-05-22 Marchal Equip Auto An electromagnetic actuator comprising at least two distinct magnetic circuits
US6076550A (en) 1995-09-08 2000-06-20 Toto Ltd. Solenoid and solenoid valve
EP1887677A1 (fr) 2005-05-31 2008-02-13 Minebea Co.,Ltd. Moteur force a phase de longue proportion
US20090128271A1 (en) 2006-04-18 2009-05-21 Shindengen Mechatronics Co., Ltd Solenoid
US20120268225A1 (en) * 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Honeywell International Inc. Solenoid actuator with surface features on the poles
US20130009083A1 (en) * 2011-07-05 2013-01-10 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Solenoid and solenoid valve
EP2858075A1 (fr) * 2013-10-03 2015-04-08 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Dérivation de flux pour actionneur à solénoïde

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3422373B1 (fr) 2021-06-09
SI25459A (sl) 2018-12-31

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