EP3417948A1 - Gegossene pumpe für die verteilung eines fluidprodukts - Google Patents

Gegossene pumpe für die verteilung eines fluidprodukts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3417948A1
EP3417948A1 EP18175550.5A EP18175550A EP3417948A1 EP 3417948 A1 EP3417948 A1 EP 3417948A1 EP 18175550 A EP18175550 A EP 18175550A EP 3417948 A1 EP3417948 A1 EP 3417948A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
pump
pump according
cap
metering chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18175550.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3417948B1 (de
Inventor
Emir EZZINA
Eric Rossignol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Albea Services SAS
Original Assignee
Albea Services SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albea Services SAS filed Critical Albea Services SAS
Publication of EP3417948A1 publication Critical patent/EP3417948A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3417948B1 publication Critical patent/EP3417948B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1028—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall
    • B05B11/1033—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall the deformable wall, the inlet and outlet valve elements being integrally formed, e.g. moulded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0027—Means for neutralising the actuation of the sprayer ; Means for preventing access to the sprayer actuation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/02—Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
    • B05B11/026—Membranes separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container
    • B05B11/027—Membranes separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container inverted during outflow of content
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1028—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall
    • B05B11/1032—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall actuated without substantial movement of the nozzle in the direction of the pressure stroke
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1028—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall
    • B05B11/1035—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall the pumping chamber being a bellow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1043—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container
    • B05B11/1045—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump being preassembled as an independent unit before being mounted on the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1052—Actuation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1066—Pump inlet valves
    • B05B11/1067—Pump inlet valves actuated by pressure
    • B05B11/1069—Pump inlet valves actuated by pressure the valve being made of a resiliently deformable material or being urged in a closed position by a spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1097—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle with means for sucking back the liquid or other fluent material in the nozzle after a dispensing stroke
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1059—Means for locking a pump or its actuation means in a fixed position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pump for dispensing a fluid product and a method for manufacturing such a pump.
  • a pump configured to suck the cosmetic product contained in the tank of the bottle to distribute it, for example by means of a nozzle or by a simple opening.
  • the product can be extracted or sprayed from the bottle to allow its application.
  • the pump is often operated by means of a push button on which the user exerts a pressure to trigger the operation of the pump.
  • a pump comprises a metering chamber whose volume varies to allow the product to be drawn into the chamber through an inlet orifice, when the volume increases, and then expelled outside the chamber through an outlet orifice, when the volume of the chamber decreases.
  • the product leaves the chamber in a distribution conduit, which leads to the opening or the nozzle usually arranged on the push button.
  • pumps are known, each having particular characteristics, in order to function specifically, either with low-viscosity liquid products, or with viscous liquid products, such as creams or foams.
  • pumps whose chamber is formed by a rigid body and a piston that closes the chamber, and whose movement in the body reduces or increases the volume of the chamber.
  • the displacement of the piston is generally controlled by actuating the push-button.
  • Such a pump is often used for liquid products to vaporize.
  • These flexible membrane pumps are generally composed of an assembly of several parts, some of which can be molded. There are thus two or three piece pumps requiring assembly of the post molding components by an additional machine and / or in the mold.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a pump dispenser dispenser device as simple as possible with a minimum of components to reduce production costs and the manufacturing time.
  • the objective is to produce a ready-to-use pump directly at the exit of the molding stage, and which can be assembled afterwards on a flexible tube with the head down, as on a rigid container of a bottle .
  • This pump is characterized primarily in that it consists of a single molded part.
  • the main idea of this invention is to design a pump in one injection molded component. There is therefore no post-molding assembly operations. A single mold makes it possible to obtain this pump and thus limits the investment costs.
  • This pump is intended to dispense a cream or a fluid more or less fluid. It does not include metal parts such as spring or ball. This pump has a shape that can be integrated on different supports such as tube, bottle, bottle, etc.
  • This method thus makes it possible to close the part before its total ejection out of the mold. Once the part is ejected, there is no assembly step. The pump is ready for use.
  • the invention relates to a pump molded in one piece, as visible on the figure 1 for example.
  • This piece is broken down into a first part, namely a body 1, and a second part, namely a cap 2, the body 1 and the cap 2 being connected by a hinge-film 3. All these elements are obtained in a one and only mold.
  • the pump is open, which means that the cap 2 is deployed relative to the body 1.
  • the cap 2 is folded over the body 1 by folding the film hinge 3 so as to close the pump.
  • the pump thus closed can be demolded.
  • the cap 2 constitutes the upper part of the pump, and the body 1 constitutes the lower part of the pump.
  • the cap 2 has a push button on which the user can press to operate the pump. A dose of product then exits via a tip 12, when the pump is mounted on a container filled with product to be dispensed.
  • the push button consists of a deformable membrane 4 on which the user can press.
  • This membrane 4 partially defines a metering chamber 21 containing a dose of product to be delivered.
  • the pump operates by varying the volume of this metering chamber 21 by elastic deformation of the membrane between an initial state represented on the Figures 4, 5 , 9 , 11, 14 wherein the chamber 21 has a maximum volume and a distorted state shown on the Figures 7, 8 , 12 wherein the volume of the chamber 21 is minimal, resulting in the expulsion of the dose of product through the tip 12.
  • the membrane 4 has a central X axis of symmetry.
  • a control rod 5 extends orthogonally from the membrane 4, along the axis X, and towards the body 1 when the cap 2 is positioned on the body 1.
  • the control rod 5 is extends from the inner surface of the membrane 4, while the outer surface of the membrane 4 serves as a bearing surface for the user. The function of this control rod 5 will be explained later in the description.
  • the body 1 consists of a piece of revolution, having a peripheral wall 9, serving as a rigid structure.
  • the lower part of the peripheral wall 9 is intended to be placed on a container.
  • a bulge 17 circumferential is formed on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 9. This bulge 17 allows for example an elastic interlocking of the pump on the container.
  • the peripheral wall 9 of the body 1 defines an upper opening closed at least in part by a support 7. This support 7 and the membrane 4 together define the metering chamber 21.
  • This support 7 is carried by a deformable frustoconical zone 6.
  • This frustoconical zone 6 surrounds the support 7.
  • a hole 8 is formed in the center of this support 7 for the passage of the control rod 5.
  • a chimney 10 directed towards the inside of the body 1 increases the depth of the hole 8 and thus makes it possible to better guide the control rod 5 in rectilinear translation.
  • the free end of the control rod 5 is provided with a stop 11 adapted to come into contact with the free end of the chimney 10 so as to limit the translational movement of the control rod 5. The latter is mounted slightly tight in the chimney 10.
  • the support 7 consists of a flat circular plate protruding from a disc 23 via the frustoconical zone 6.
  • the disc 23 completely closes the upper opening delimited by the peripheral wall 9 of the body 1.
  • the membrane 4 to it consists of a dome in the initial state, whose summit is directed towards the outside of the pump. When the user presses on the dome, the latter deforms so as to form a bowl, the bottom of which comes into contact with the support 7.
  • the cap 2 has a flat upper surface from which the dome. This dome is off center with respect to the central axis of the upper surface 20.
  • the support 7 consists of a bowl directed towards the inside of the body 1.
  • the bowl itself completely closes the upper opening delimited by the peripheral wall 9 of the body 1.
  • the membrane 4 as for it consists of a flat disc in the initial state. When the user presses on the disk, the latter deforms so as to form a bowl that approaches the support 7. In this embodiment, the membrane 4 forms the entire upper surface of the cap 2.
  • the disc 23 of the body 1 has a recess 16, the inlet orifice 14 being formed in one of the walls of this recess 16.
  • the tongue 15 enters this recess 16 and is pressed on the wall in which the orifice 14 is, so as to cover it.
  • the admission orifice 14 is made directly in the support 7.
  • the tongues 15a, 15b have different lengths so as to adapt to the location of the intake orifices 14a, 14b on the support 7.
  • the frustoconical zone 6 elastically closes the exhaust port 13, in an initial state where the support 7 is raised.
  • the frustoconical zone 6 is deformed and opens the exhaust port 13.
  • the upper part of the peripheral wall 9 of the body 1 has a shoulder 18 on which is positioned a peripheral wall 19 of the cap 2.
  • a circumferential groove is formed in the upper end of the peripheral wall 9 of the body 1, and accommodates a circumferential bead provided for this purpose in the peripheral wall 19 of the cap 2, so as to ensure an elastic interlocking between the body 1 and the cap 2. This interlocking also makes it possible to seal between the body 1 and the cap 2.
  • the cap 2 has a rigid annular flange 22 surrounding the flat membrane 4 so as to prevent any accidental actuation of the pump by pressing on a peripheral zone of said flat membrane 4.
  • the support is exerted on the rigid edges 22 when the bottle is placed upside down on a support. The support can not cause accidental actuation of the pump in this position.
  • This rim 22 thus consists of a geometrical protection against the uncontrolled actuation of the pump. It is made of polypropylene preferably.
  • the various elements constituting the pump are either flexible or rigid.
  • the membrane 4, the frustoconical zone 6, the film hinge 3, the tongues 15, 15a, 15b are made of a flexible and elastic material of the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) type.
  • the other elements are made of a rigid material.
  • the molding of the pump is thus made by bi-injection of a flexible material and a rigid material into a single mold to form the single piece.
  • the pump is in the rest position.
  • the pump is sealed, the cap 2 being fitted on the body 1.
  • the membrane 4 is in its initial state, domed and the rod 5 is in the raised position.
  • the elastic reaction of the prestressed dome 4 tends to pull on the control rod 5.
  • the stop 11 of the control rod 5 is in contact with the chimney 10 and tends to lift the support 7 and the frustoconical zone 6. This frustoconical zone 6 then obstructs the exhaust port 13.
  • the inlet port 14 is closed by the tongue 15.
  • the metering chamber 21 is filled with a dose of product to be dispensed.
  • the pressure inside the chamber 21 is identical to the pressure outside the chamber, and the tongue 15 is pressed onto the seat of the inlet orifice 14 by simple elastic effect. The closing of the intake valve is thus sealed.
  • the pump is returned to its idle state.
  • the elastic reaction of the prestressed dome 4 during the assembly of the system allows the veneering of the frustoconical zone 6 on the exhaust port 13.
  • the metering chamber 21 is thus hermetically sealed.
  • the depression having fallen, the tongue 15 of the intake valve, by the intrinsic elasticity of the flexible material in which it is designed, is replicated on the inlet port 14. The next dose is ready to be delivered.
  • the pump operates in a manner similar to that described above, with the difference that the membrane 4 is flat in its initial prestressed state, and that it takes a cup shape when a pressure is exerted on her.

Landscapes

  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
EP18175550.5A 2017-06-22 2018-06-01 Gegossene pumpe für die verteilung eines fluidprodukts Active EP3417948B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1755731A FR3067952B1 (fr) 2017-06-22 2017-06-22 Pompe moulee pour la distribution d'un produit fluidique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3417948A1 true EP3417948A1 (de) 2018-12-26
EP3417948B1 EP3417948B1 (de) 2021-08-04

Family

ID=59521116

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18175550.5A Active EP3417948B1 (de) 2017-06-22 2018-06-01 Gegossene pumpe für die verteilung eines fluidprodukts

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10525492B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3417948B1 (de)
CN (1) CN109205065B (de)
BR (1) BR102018012895A8 (de)
FR (1) FR3067952B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3118953A1 (fr) * 2021-01-18 2022-07-22 Gb Developpement «Distributeur de fluide de fluide compact»

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220379330A1 (en) * 2019-11-12 2022-12-01 Yaowu Ding Bladder-type dispensing pump
WO2022218473A1 (de) * 2021-04-12 2022-10-20 LIQIX Technologies GmbH i.G. Dosiervorrichtung, behälter, produktspender und system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486663A (en) * 1967-11-16 1969-12-30 Frederick Harold Humphrey Elastomeric pump and check-valve
US3753518A (en) * 1971-05-07 1973-08-21 L Kutik Pump with floating valve element
US5271432A (en) * 1991-07-25 1993-12-21 L'oreal Adjustable valve and dispenser provided with a valve of this kind
WO2004080607A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-23 Incro Limited Improvements in or relating to dispenser nozzles
US20060243825A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2006-11-02 Keith Laidler Dispenser pump

Family Cites Families (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3726442A (en) * 1971-02-17 1973-04-10 Polypump Curacao Nv Trigger pump and breather valve dispensing assembly
US3820689A (en) * 1972-04-21 1974-06-28 A Cocita Elastomeric pump
DE3571961D1 (en) * 1984-12-07 1989-09-07 Simone Morel Obturating device for tubes, flasks and other containers, the opening and closing of which are controlled by rotation
EP0540129B1 (de) * 1989-07-25 1996-03-06 L'oreal Abgabevorrichtung für ein flüssiges Produkt, insbesondere kosmetischer oder pharmazeutischer Art
FR2711555B1 (fr) * 1993-10-22 1996-01-26 Oreal Ensemble de distribution à chambre de compression à volume variable à membrane.
ES2223308B1 (es) * 2004-10-20 2005-11-01 Saint-Gobain Calmar, S.A. Bomba dosificadora simplificada.
WO2008030623A2 (en) * 2006-09-08 2008-03-13 Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for dispensing fluids
DE202008010214U1 (de) * 2007-08-22 2008-12-11 Seaquist Perfect Dispensing Gmbh Abgabevorrichtung
CN102099262B (zh) * 2008-05-20 2013-03-27 G·桑尼尔 凝胶分配器
US20090302064A1 (en) * 2008-06-10 2009-12-10 Marcel Lavabre Elastomeric dispensing pump that can be made with as few as two components
NL2004211C2 (en) * 2010-02-08 2011-08-09 Vacu Vin Innovations Ltd Dispensing assembly.
CN103010569B (zh) * 2012-11-14 2014-12-24 钟竞铮 按压式弹性囊泵
DE102014204831B4 (de) * 2014-03-14 2020-06-18 Aptar Radolfzell Gmbh Austragkopf für einen Spender, Spender mit Austragkopfund Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Austragkopfes
CN105083730B (zh) * 2015-06-26 2017-07-14 钟竞铮 弹性囊泡沫泵

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486663A (en) * 1967-11-16 1969-12-30 Frederick Harold Humphrey Elastomeric pump and check-valve
US3753518A (en) * 1971-05-07 1973-08-21 L Kutik Pump with floating valve element
US5271432A (en) * 1991-07-25 1993-12-21 L'oreal Adjustable valve and dispenser provided with a valve of this kind
US20060243825A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2006-11-02 Keith Laidler Dispenser pump
WO2004080607A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-23 Incro Limited Improvements in or relating to dispenser nozzles

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3118953A1 (fr) * 2021-01-18 2022-07-22 Gb Developpement «Distributeur de fluide de fluide compact»

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20180369843A1 (en) 2018-12-27
FR3067952A1 (fr) 2018-12-28
CN109205065A (zh) 2019-01-15
EP3417948B1 (de) 2021-08-04
BR102018012895A8 (pt) 2022-12-20
BR102018012895A2 (pt) 2019-03-12
FR3067952B1 (fr) 2020-10-09
CN109205065B (zh) 2021-10-08
US10525492B2 (en) 2020-01-07

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