EP3410229A1 - Timepiece component with a flexible pivot - Google Patents

Timepiece component with a flexible pivot Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3410229A1
EP3410229A1 EP17173350.4A EP17173350A EP3410229A1 EP 3410229 A1 EP3410229 A1 EP 3410229A1 EP 17173350 A EP17173350 A EP 17173350A EP 3410229 A1 EP3410229 A1 EP 3410229A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blades
support
blade
component
watch
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Granted
Application number
EP17173350.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3410229B1 (en
Inventor
David Chabloz
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Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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Patek Philippe SA Geneve
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Priority to EP17173350.4A priority Critical patent/EP3410229B1/en
Publication of EP3410229A1 publication Critical patent/EP3410229A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a watch component such as an oscillator that can serve as a time base in a mechanical watch movement.
  • the present invention relates to a flexible pivot watch component, that is to say a watch component comprising a movable portion guided in rotation not by a physical axis but by elastic blades that connect the movable part to a support and which define a virtual axis of rotation.
  • the flexible pivot used in the present invention is of the type with separate crossed blades: the blades which connect the movable part to the support extend in different parallel planes and intersect without contact.
  • the oscillator comprises first, second and third blades, the first and third blades being identical, the respective median planes of the first and third blades perpendicular to the virtual axis of rotation appearing symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the second blade.
  • split-blade oscillators have the disadvantage of low impact resistance, the moving part tending to pivot about an axis parallel to its plane during vertical shocks.
  • the present invention aims at providing a clock component, in particular an oscillator, with separate crossed blades whose impact resistance is improved.
  • a watch component comprising a movable part, a support and a flexible pivot connecting the movable part to the support for guiding the movable part in rotation relative to the support around a virtual axis of rotation, the flexible pivot being arranged to resiliently bias the movable portion to a rest position, the flexible pivot comprising first, second and third elastic blades intersecting without contact, the respective median planes of said blades perpendicular to the virtual axis of rotation being substantially parallel, said respective median planes of the first and third blades being substantially symmetrical with respect to said median plane of the second blade, the first and third blades having substantially the same stiffness, characterized in that, in plan view from above and when the moving part is in its rest position, the respective neutral fibers of the first and third blades are substantially symmetrical with respect to a straight line that defines the neutral fiber of the second blade and the junction point of the second blade and the movable portion is located in a reentrant angular sector defined by the first and third blades.
  • the present invention further provides a watch movement and a watch comprising the watch component as defined above.
  • a watch oscillator 1 for a mechanical watch movement intended to be part of a watch such as a wristwatch or a pocket watch, comprises a support 2, a moving part or serge 3 and a flexible pivot 4 formed of resilient blades 4a, 4b, 4c.
  • the serge 3 is typically in the form of a closed ring, as shown.
  • the support 2 is intended to be fixed on a fixed or movable support of the movement, typically on the frame of the movement.
  • the blades 4a, 4b, 4c connect the support 2 to the serge 3, the latter being held solely by said blades.
  • the blades 4a, 4b, 4c are three in number, extend respectively in three different planes which are parallel to the plane of the serge 3 and intersect, in plan view from above ( figure 1 ) at a same point O which is preferably coincident with the center of mass of the serge 3.
  • the point O corresponds more precisely to the intersection of the neutral fibers of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c.
  • the blades 4a, 4b, 4c guide the serge 3 in rotation about a virtual axis of rotation A perpendicular to the plane of the serge 3 and corresponding to the point O in plan view from above, and tend to recall the serge 3 to a position of rest (equilibrium position) during its oscillations around the axis A.
  • the blade 4b In the direction of the axis A the blade 4b is located between the blades 4a, 4c.
  • the blades 4a, 4c have the same stiffness and are even typically identical with in particular the same thickness and the same height.
  • the blade 4b has the same stiffness as the blades 4a, 4c or is identical to the blades 4a, 4c.
  • the respective median planes of the blades 4a, 4c perpendicular to the axis A are symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the blade 4b.
  • the respective neutral fibers of the blades 4a, 4c, or even the blades 4a, 4c themselves are symmetrical with respect to the straight line D whose neutral fiber of the blade 4b constitutes a segment, and the junction point 4b 'of the blade 4b to the serge 3 is located in the reentrant angular sector (angle sector greater than 180 °, equal to 360 ° minus the angle ⁇ illustrated in FIG. figure 1 ) defined by the blades 4a, 4c.
  • the median plane of the blade 4b is preferably coincident with the median plane P of the serge 3.
  • the term "median plane of a blade” means the plane perpendicular to the axis A which passes through the center of mass of each straight section of the blade and by "median plane of the serge” the plane perpendicular to the axis A which passes through the center of mass of the serge.
  • the blades 4a, 4b, 4c have a rectangular or almost rectangular cross section. In this case, the median plane of each blade is located at half the height of the blade.
  • the arrangement of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c as described above gives the oscillator 1 excellent shock resistance in that the serge 3 will tend to move vertically (in the direction of the axis of rotation virtual A) in the event of a vertical impact rather than in rotation around an axis parallel to the plane of the serge 3.
  • the resultant reaction forces of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c on the serge 3 during a Vertical shock will pass through the point O rather than a point distant from the center of mass of the serge as in the prior art flexible pivot oscillators.
  • the natural frequency of the oscillator 1 as well as the interaction between the oscillator 1 and the escapement of the watch movement will therefore be less disturbed.
  • the oscillator 1 can be rendered insensitive to gravity, in other words the frequency of the oscillator 1 can be made independent of the position of the watch relative to the gravitational field, by choosing a crossing point O of the blades 4a , 4b, 4c located at 12.7% of the length of each blade measured from the support 2, according to the theory developed by WH Wittrick. Such a position of the point O minimizes the displacements of the virtual axis of rotation A during the operation of the oscillator 1.
  • the angle between the blades 4a, 4b, 4c is preferably equal to 120 °, as in the example shown. Such an angle is indeed optimal in terms of impact resistance and independence of the frequency with respect to the orientation of the watch.
  • the blades 4a, 4b, 4c may, however, have a different angular distribution.
  • the angle ⁇ between the blades 4a, 4c can in particular be between 80 ° and 160 °, and is typically between 100 ° and 140 °.
  • the oscillator 1 may consist of three monolithic assemblies superimposed and assembled, each monolithic assembly comprising a stage 2a, 2b or 2c of the support 2, one of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c and a stage 3a, 3b or 3c of the serge 3, as shown in figure 2 .
  • the assembly is carried out for example by welding, brazing or gluing, preferably by thermocompression bonding, eutectic bonding or polymer bonding.
  • the oscillator 1 consists of two superimposed and assembled monolithic assemblies, a first of these sets comprising a stage of the support 2, two of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c and a stage of the serge 3, a second of these assemblies comprising a support stage 2, one of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c and a stage of the serge 3.
  • the oscillator 1 is entirely monolithic.
  • the oscillator 1, when it is entirely monolithic, or each monolithic assembly forming part of it, is made for example of silicon or of any other suitable material according to the Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) technique, of nickel, nickel alloy or any other suitable material according to the LIGA technique (lithography, electroplating, molding), of steel, copper-beryllium, nickel silver or other metallic alloy by milling, spark erosion or 3D printing, of metallic glass by molding , or glass, sapphire or any other suitable material according to the laser micro-structuring technique coupled to a chemical attack.
  • the oscillator 1, when it is entirely monolithic, or each monolithic assembly forming part of it, may be totally or partially covered with a coating, for example a coating of silicon oxide in the case of an oscillator or a set monolithic silicon.
  • Holes 5 are made through the support 2 to allow its attachment, by means of fasteners such as screws or pins, on a fixed or movable support of the movement, typically the frame of said movement.
  • the stages of the serge 3 are assembled to each other by one of the techniques (welding, brazing or bonding) mentioned above and the stages of the support 2 are also assembled to each other by one of said techniques.
  • the stages of the support 2 may also not be fixed to each other before the mounting of the support 2 on said fixed or mobile support. They are then held together by the fastening elements which pass through the holes 5, each of the holes 5 being formed by aligned holes made respectively in the stages of the support 2.
  • the figure 3 shows the central monolithic set of a variant of the oscillator 1, an oscillator which is formed here of three monolithic assemblies superimposed and assembled as in the example of the figures 1 and 2 .
  • This central monolithic assembly comprises a central stage 2b of the support 2, the plate 4b and a central stage 3b of the serge 3, the two other monolithic assemblies, upper and lower, being identical to the assemblies 2a, 3a, 4a and 2c, 3c, 4c of the example of figures 1 and 2 .
  • the holes 5b made in the central stage 2b of the support 2 and intended to be traversed by said fastening elements are oblong and extend in the direction of the blade 4b at rest.
  • These oblong holes 5b offer this central stage 2b a degree of freedom in translation relative to the upper and lower stages of the support 2 during assembly of the support 2 on said fixed or movable support, the central stage 2b is then held by clamping between the upper and lower floors. In this way, inaccuracies in manufacture and / or assembly can be corrected and the risk of the system becoming hyperstatic. It is also possible to mount the support 2 in such a way that the degree of freedom in translation of the central stage 2b is preserved during the operation of the oscillator 1.
  • the upper stage 2a or the lower stage 2c of the support 2 which has the oblong holes.
  • This principle of giving one of the stages of the support 2 a degree of freedom in translation can also be applied in the case where the oscillator consists of two monolithic assemblies superimposed and assembled, that of the two monolithic assemblies having only one blade then having the oblong holes.
  • the present invention is applicable to other watch components than an oscillator, for example to an escapement anchor, a rocker or a lever.
  • an escapement anchor for example to an escapement anchor, a rocker or a lever.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)

Abstract

Le composant horloger (1) comprend une partie mobile (3), un support (2) et un pivot flexible (4) reliant la partie mobile (3) au support (2) pour guider la partie mobile (3) en rotation par rapport au support (2) autour d'un axe de rotation virtuel (A). Le pivot flexible (4) est agencé pour rappeler élastiquement la partie mobile (3) vers une position de repos. Le pivot flexible (4) comprend des première, deuxième et troisième lames élastiques (4a, 4b, 4c) se croisant sans contact. Les plans médians respectifs des lames (4a, 4b, 4c) perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation virtuel (A) sont sensiblement parallèles. Les plans médians respectifs des première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) sont sensiblement symétriques par rapport au plan médian de la deuxième lame (4b). Les première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) ont sensiblement la même raideur. Le composant horloger (1) est caractérisé en ce que, en vue plane de dessus et lorsque la partie mobile (3) est dans sa position de repos, les fibres neutres respectives des première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) sont sensiblement symétriques par rapport à une droite (D) que définit la fibre neutre de la deuxième lame (4b) et le point de jonction (4b') de la deuxième lame (4b) et de la partie mobile (3) est situé dans un secteur angulaire rentrant défini par les première et troisième lames (4a, 4c). Ce composant horloger (1) présente une bonne résistance aux chocs. Dans une réalisation particulière le composant comprend des ensembles monolithiques superposés et assemblés, où un ensemble présente des trous de fixation qui sont oblongs et s'étendent dans la direction de la lame élastique (4b) au repos du même ensemble monolithique.

Figure imgaf001
The watch component (1) comprises a movable part (3), a support (2) and a flexible pivot (4) connecting the movable part (3) to the support (2) to guide the movable part (3) in rotation relative to to the support (2) around a virtual axis of rotation (A). The flexible pivot (4) is arranged to resiliently return the movable portion (3) to a rest position. The flexible pivot (4) comprises first, second and third resilient blades (4a, 4b, 4c) crossing one another without contact. The respective median planes of the blades (4a, 4b, 4c) perpendicular to the virtual axis of rotation (A) are substantially parallel. The respective median planes of the first and third blades (4a, 4c) are substantially symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the second blade (4b). The first and third blades (4a, 4c) have substantially the same stiffness. The watch component (1) is characterized in that, in plan view from above and when the moving part (3) is in its rest position, the respective neutral fibers of the first and third blades (4a, 4c) are substantially symmetrical by relative to a straight line (D) defined by the neutral fiber of the second blade (4b) and the junction point (4b ') of the second blade (4b) and the movable portion (3) is situated in a reentrant angular sector defined by the first and third blades (4a, 4c). This watch component (1) has good impact resistance. In a particular embodiment, the component comprises superposed and assembled monolithic assemblies, where an assembly has fastening holes which are oblong and extend in the direction of the resilient leaf (4b) at rest of the same monolithic assembly.
Figure imgaf001

Description

La présente invention concerne un composant horloger tel qu'un oscillateur pouvant servir de base de temps dans un mouvement horloger mécanique.The present invention relates to a watch component such as an oscillator that can serve as a time base in a mechanical watch movement.

Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne un composant horloger à pivot flexible, c'est-à-dire un composant horloger comprenant une partie mobile guidée en rotation non pas par un axe physique mais par des lames élastiques qui relient la partie mobile à un support et qui définissent un axe de rotation virtuel.More particularly, the present invention relates to a flexible pivot watch component, that is to say a watch component comprising a movable portion guided in rotation not by a physical axis but by elastic blades that connect the movable part to a support and which define a virtual axis of rotation.

Le pivot flexible utilisé dans la présente invention est du type à lames croisées séparées : les lames qui relient la partie mobile au support s'étendent dans des plans parallèles différents et se croisent sans contact.The flexible pivot used in the present invention is of the type with separate crossed blades: the blades which connect the movable part to the support extend in different parallel planes and intersect without contact.

Des oscillateurs d'horlogerie à lames croisées séparées sont décrits dans les demandes de brevet EP 2 911 012 et WO 2016/096677 . Dans un mode de réalisation particulier illustré à la figure 3 de la demande EP 2 911 012 , l'oscillateur comprend des première, deuxième et troisième lames, les première et troisième lames étant identiques, les plans médians respectifs des première et troisième lames perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation virtuel semblant symétriques par rapport au plan médian de la deuxième lame.Separate crossed-blade watch oscillators are disclosed in the patent applications EP 2,911,012 and WO 2016/096677 . In a particular embodiment illustrated in figure 3 demand EP 2,911,012 , the oscillator comprises first, second and third blades, the first and third blades being identical, the respective median planes of the first and third blades perpendicular to the virtual axis of rotation appearing symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the second blade.

Ces oscillateurs à lames croisées séparées connus présentent l'inconvénient d'une faible tenue aux chocs, la partie mobile ayant tendance à pivoter autour d'un axe parallèle à son plan lors de chocs verticaux.These known split-blade oscillators have the disadvantage of low impact resistance, the moving part tending to pivot about an axis parallel to its plane during vertical shocks.

La présente invention vise à proposer un composant horloger, en particulier un oscillateur, à lames croisées séparées dont la tenue aux chocs est améliorée.The present invention aims at providing a clock component, in particular an oscillator, with separate crossed blades whose impact resistance is improved.

A cette fin il est proposé un composant horloger comprenant une partie mobile, un support et un pivot flexible reliant la partie mobile au support pour guider la partie mobile en rotation par rapport au support autour d'un axe de rotation virtuel, le pivot flexible étant agencé pour rappeler élastiquement la partie mobile vers une position de repos, le pivot flexible comprenant des première, deuxième et troisième lames élastiques se croisant sans contact, les plans médians respectifs desdites lames perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation virtuel étant sensiblement parallèles, lesdits plans médians respectifs des première et troisième lames étant sensiblement symétriques par rapport audit plan médian de la deuxième lame, les première et troisième lames ayant sensiblement la même raideur, caractérisé en ce que, en vue plane de dessus et lorsque la partie mobile est dans sa position de repos, les fibres neutres respectives des première et troisième lames sont sensiblement symétriques par rapport à une droite que définit la fibre neutre de la deuxième lame et le point de jonction de la deuxième lame et de la partie mobile est situé dans un secteur angulaire rentrant défini par les première et troisième lames.For this purpose there is provided a watch component comprising a movable part, a support and a flexible pivot connecting the movable part to the support for guiding the movable part in rotation relative to the support around a virtual axis of rotation, the flexible pivot being arranged to resiliently bias the movable portion to a rest position, the flexible pivot comprising first, second and third elastic blades intersecting without contact, the respective median planes of said blades perpendicular to the virtual axis of rotation being substantially parallel, said respective median planes of the first and third blades being substantially symmetrical with respect to said median plane of the second blade, the first and third blades having substantially the same stiffness, characterized in that, in plan view from above and when the moving part is in its rest position, the respective neutral fibers of the first and third blades are substantially symmetrical with respect to a straight line that defines the neutral fiber of the second blade and the junction point of the second blade and the movable portion is located in a reentrant angular sector defined by the first and third blades.

La présente invention propose en outre un mouvement horloger et une montre comprenant le composant horloger tel que défini ci-dessus.The present invention further provides a watch movement and a watch comprising the watch component as defined above.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée suivante faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'un oscillateur d'horlogerie selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'oscillateur d'horlogerie illustré à la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'une partie d'un oscillateur d'horlogerie selon une variante de l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following detailed description given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a top view of a clock oscillator according to a particular embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a perspective view of the clock oscillator shown in FIG. figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a top view of a portion of a clock oscillator according to a variant of the invention.

En référence aux figures 1 et 2, un oscillateur d'horlogerie 1 selon l'invention, pour un mouvement horloger mécanique destiné à faire partie d'une montre telle qu'une montre-bracelet ou une montre de poche, comprend un support 2, une partie mobile ou serge 3 et un pivot flexible 4 formé de lames élastiques 4a, 4b, 4c.With reference to figures 1 and 2 , a watch oscillator 1 according to the invention, for a mechanical watch movement intended to be part of a watch such as a wristwatch or a pocket watch, comprises a support 2, a moving part or serge 3 and a flexible pivot 4 formed of resilient blades 4a, 4b, 4c.

La serge 3 est typiquement sous la forme d'un anneau fermé, comme représenté.The serge 3 is typically in the form of a closed ring, as shown.

Le support 2 est destiné à être fixé sur un support fixe ou mobile du mouvement, typiquement sur le bâti du mouvement.The support 2 is intended to be fixed on a fixed or movable support of the movement, typically on the frame of the movement.

Les lames 4a, 4b, 4c relient le support 2 à la serge 3, cette dernière étant tenue uniquement par lesdites lames. Les lames 4a, 4b, 4c sont au nombre de trois, s'étendent respectivement dans trois plans différents qui sont parallèles au plan de la serge 3 et se croisent, en vue plane de dessus (figure 1), en un même point O qui est de préférence confondu avec le centre de masse de la serge 3. Le point O correspond plus précisément à l'intersection des fibres neutres des lames 4a, 4b, 4c. Les lames 4a, 4b, 4c guident la serge 3 en rotation autour d'un axe de rotation virtuel A perpendiculaire au plan de la serge 3 et correspondant au point O en vue plane de dessus, et tendent à rappeler la serge 3 vers une position de repos (position d'équilibre) pendant ses oscillations autour de l'axe A.The blades 4a, 4b, 4c connect the support 2 to the serge 3, the latter being held solely by said blades. The blades 4a, 4b, 4c are three in number, extend respectively in three different planes which are parallel to the plane of the serge 3 and intersect, in plan view from above ( figure 1 ) at a same point O which is preferably coincident with the center of mass of the serge 3. The point O corresponds more precisely to the intersection of the neutral fibers of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c. The blades 4a, 4b, 4c guide the serge 3 in rotation about a virtual axis of rotation A perpendicular to the plane of the serge 3 and corresponding to the point O in plan view from above, and tend to recall the serge 3 to a position of rest (equilibrium position) during its oscillations around the axis A.

Dans la direction de l'axe A la lame 4b est située entre les lames 4a, 4c. Les lames 4a, 4c ont la même raideur et sont même typiquement identiques avec notamment la même épaisseur et la même hauteur. De préférence, la lame 4b a la même raideur que les lames 4a, 4c voire est identique aux lames 4a, 4c.In the direction of the axis A the blade 4b is located between the blades 4a, 4c. The blades 4a, 4c have the same stiffness and are even typically identical with in particular the same thickness and the same height. Preferably, the blade 4b has the same stiffness as the blades 4a, 4c or is identical to the blades 4a, 4c.

Conformément à l'invention, les plans médians respectifs des lames 4a, 4c perpendiculairement à l'axe A sont symétriques par rapport au plan médian de la lame 4b. En outre, en vue plane de dessus (figure 1) et lorsque la serge 3 est dans sa position de repos, les fibres neutres respectives des lames 4a, 4c, voire les lames 4a, 4c elles-mêmes, sont symétriques par rapport à la droite D dont la fibre neutre de la lame 4b constitue un segment, et le point de jonction 4b' de la lame 4b à la serge 3 est situé dans le secteur angulaire rentrant (secteur d'angle supérieur à 180°, égal à 360° moins l'angle α illustré à la figure 1) défini par les lames 4a, 4c. De plus, le plan médian de la lame 4b est de préférence confondu avec le plan médian P de la serge 3.According to the invention, the respective median planes of the blades 4a, 4c perpendicular to the axis A are symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the blade 4b. In addition, in plan view from above ( figure 1 ) and when the serge 3 is in its rest position, the respective neutral fibers of the blades 4a, 4c, or even the blades 4a, 4c themselves, are symmetrical with respect to the straight line D whose neutral fiber of the blade 4b constitutes a segment, and the junction point 4b 'of the blade 4b to the serge 3 is located in the reentrant angular sector (angle sector greater than 180 °, equal to 360 ° minus the angle α illustrated in FIG. figure 1 ) defined by the blades 4a, 4c. In addition, the median plane of the blade 4b is preferably coincident with the median plane P of the serge 3.

Dans la présente invention on entend par « plan médian d'une lame » le plan perpendiculaire à l'axe A qui passe par le centre de masse de chaque section droite de la lame et par « plan médian de la serge » le plan perpendiculaire à l'axe A qui passe par le centre de masse de la serge. Dans un exemple de réalisation typique, les lames 4a, 4b, 4c ont une section droite rectangulaire ou presque rectangulaire. Dans ce cas, le plan médian de chaque lame est situé à la moitié de la hauteur de la lame.In the present invention the term "median plane of a blade" means the plane perpendicular to the axis A which passes through the center of mass of each straight section of the blade and by "median plane of the serge" the plane perpendicular to the axis A which passes through the center of mass of the serge. In a typical embodiment, the blades 4a, 4b, 4c have a rectangular or almost rectangular cross section. In this case, the median plane of each blade is located at half the height of the blade.

L'agencement des lames 4a, 4b, 4c tel que décrit ci-dessus confère à l'oscillateur 1 une excellente tenue aux chocs en ce sens que la serge 3 aura tendance à se déplacer verticalement (dans la direction de l'axe de rotation virtuel A) en cas de choc vertical plutôt qu'en rotation autour d'un axe parallèle au plan de la serge 3. En effet, la résultante des forces de réaction des lames 4a, 4b, 4c sur la serge 3 lors d'un choc vertical passera par le point O plutôt que par un point éloigné du centre de masse de la serge comme dans les oscillateurs à pivot flexible de la technique antérieure. La fréquence propre de l'oscillateur 1 de même que l'interaction entre l'oscillateur 1 et l'échappement du mouvement horloger seront dès lors moins perturbées.The arrangement of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c as described above gives the oscillator 1 excellent shock resistance in that the serge 3 will tend to move vertically (in the direction of the axis of rotation virtual A) in the event of a vertical impact rather than in rotation around an axis parallel to the plane of the serge 3. Indeed, the resultant reaction forces of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c on the serge 3 during a Vertical shock will pass through the point O rather than a point distant from the center of mass of the serge as in the prior art flexible pivot oscillators. The natural frequency of the oscillator 1 as well as the interaction between the oscillator 1 and the escapement of the watch movement will therefore be less disturbed.

L'oscillateur 1 peut être rendu insensible à la gravité, en d'autres termes la fréquence de l'oscillateur 1 peut être rendue indépendante de la position de la montre par rapport au champ gravitationnel, en choisissant un point O de croisement des lames 4a, 4b, 4c situé à 12,7% de la longueur de chaque lame mesurée depuis le support 2, selon la théorie développée par W.H. Wittrick. Une telle position du point O minimise les déplacements de l'axe de rotation virtuel A pendant le fonctionnement de l'oscillateur 1.The oscillator 1 can be rendered insensitive to gravity, in other words the frequency of the oscillator 1 can be made independent of the position of the watch relative to the gravitational field, by choosing a crossing point O of the blades 4a , 4b, 4c located at 12.7% of the length of each blade measured from the support 2, according to the theory developed by WH Wittrick. Such a position of the point O minimizes the displacements of the virtual axis of rotation A during the operation of the oscillator 1.

En vue plane de dessus et lorsque la serge 3 est dans sa position de repos l'angle entre les lames 4a, 4b, 4c est de préférence égal à 120°, comme dans l'exemple représenté. Un tel angle est en effet optimal en termes de résistance aux chocs et d'indépendance de la fréquence par rapport à l'orientation de la montre. Les lames 4a, 4b, 4c peuvent toutefois avoir une répartition angulaire différente. L'angle α entre les lames 4a, 4c peut notamment être compris entre 80° et 160°, et est typiquement compris entre 100° et 140°.In plan view from above and when the serge 3 is in its rest position the angle between the blades 4a, 4b, 4c is preferably equal to 120 °, as in the example shown. Such an angle is indeed optimal in terms of impact resistance and independence of the frequency with respect to the orientation of the watch. The blades 4a, 4b, 4c may, however, have a different angular distribution. The angle α between the blades 4a, 4c can in particular be between 80 ° and 160 °, and is typically between 100 ° and 140 °.

L'oscillateur 1 peut être constitué de trois ensembles monolithiques superposés et assemblés, chaque ensemble monolithique comprenant un étage 2a, 2b ou 2c du support 2, l'une des lames 4a, 4b, 4c et un étage 3a, 3b ou 3c de la serge 3, comme illustré à la figure 2. L'assemblage est réalisé par exemple par soudage, brasage ou collage, de préférence par un soudage par thermocompression (thermocompression bonding), un soudage eutectique (eutectic bonding) ou une liaison polymère (polymer bonding). Dans une variante, l'oscillateur 1 est constitué de deux ensembles monolithiques superposés et assemblés, un premier de ces ensembles comprenant un étage du support 2, deux des lames 4a, 4b, 4c et un étage de la serge 3, un deuxième de ces ensembles comprenant un étage du support 2, une des lames 4a, 4b, 4c et un étage de la serge 3. Dans une autre variante, l'oscillateur 1 est entièrement monolithique.The oscillator 1 may consist of three monolithic assemblies superimposed and assembled, each monolithic assembly comprising a stage 2a, 2b or 2c of the support 2, one of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c and a stage 3a, 3b or 3c of the serge 3, as shown in figure 2 . The assembly is carried out for example by welding, brazing or gluing, preferably by thermocompression bonding, eutectic bonding or polymer bonding. In a variant, the oscillator 1 consists of two superimposed and assembled monolithic assemblies, a first of these sets comprising a stage of the support 2, two of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c and a stage of the serge 3, a second of these assemblies comprising a support stage 2, one of the blades 4a, 4b, 4c and a stage of the serge 3. In another variant, the oscillator 1 is entirely monolithic.

L'oscillateur 1, lorsqu'il est entièrement monolithique, ou chaque ensemble monolithique en faisant partie est réalisé par exemple en silicium ou dans toute autre matière appropriée selon la technique de gravure ionique réactive profonde dite « DRIE » (Deep Reactive Ion Etching), en nickel, alliage de nickel ou toute autre matière appropriée selon la technique LIGA (lithographie, galvanoplastie, moulage), en acier, cuivre-béryllium, maillechort ou autre alliage métallique par fraisage, par électroérosion ou par impression 3D, en verre métallique par moulage, ou en verre, saphir ou toute autre matière appropriée selon la technique de micro-structuration laser couplée à une attaque chimique. L'oscillateur 1, lorsqu'il est entièrement monolithique, ou chaque ensemble monolithique en faisant partie peut être couvert totalement ou partiellement d'un revêtement, par exemple d'un revêtement d'oxyde de silicium dans le cas d'un oscillateur ou ensemble monolithique en silicium.The oscillator 1, when it is entirely monolithic, or each monolithic assembly forming part of it, is made for example of silicon or of any other suitable material according to the Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) technique, of nickel, nickel alloy or any other suitable material according to the LIGA technique (lithography, electroplating, molding), of steel, copper-beryllium, nickel silver or other metallic alloy by milling, spark erosion or 3D printing, of metallic glass by molding , or glass, sapphire or any other suitable material according to the laser micro-structuring technique coupled to a chemical attack. The oscillator 1, when it is entirely monolithic, or each monolithic assembly forming part of it, may be totally or partially covered with a coating, for example a coating of silicon oxide in the case of an oscillator or a set monolithic silicon.

Des trous 5 sont pratiqués à travers le support 2 pour permettre sa fixation, au moyen d'éléments de fixation tels que vis ou goupilles, sur un support fixe ou mobile du mouvement, typiquement le bâti dudit mouvement.Holes 5 are made through the support 2 to allow its attachment, by means of fasteners such as screws or pins, on a fixed or movable support of the movement, typically the frame of said movement.

De préférence, lorsque l'oscillateur 1 est constitué de plusieurs ensembles monolithiques superposés et assemblés, les étages de la serge 3 sont assemblés les uns aux autres par l'une des techniques (soudage, brasage ou collage) mentionnées plus haut et les étages du support 2 sont aussi assemblés les uns aux autres par l'une desdites techniques. Les étages du support 2 peuvent aussi ne pas être fixés les uns aux autres avant le montage du support 2 sur ledit support fixe ou mobile. Ils sont alors tenus ensemble par les éléments de fixation qui traversent les trous 5, chacun des trous 5 étant formé de trous alignés pratiqués respectivement dans les étages du support 2.Preferably, when the oscillator 1 consists of several superimposed and assembled monolithic assemblies, the stages of the serge 3 are assembled to each other by one of the techniques (welding, brazing or bonding) mentioned above and the stages of the support 2 are also assembled to each other by one of said techniques. The stages of the support 2 may also not be fixed to each other before the mounting of the support 2 on said fixed or mobile support. They are then held together by the fastening elements which pass through the holes 5, each of the holes 5 being formed by aligned holes made respectively in the stages of the support 2.

La figure 3 montre l'ensemble monolithique central d'une variante de l'oscillateur 1, oscillateur qui est formé ici de trois ensembles monolithiques superposés et assemblés comme dans l'exemple des figures 1 et 2. Cet ensemble monolithique central comprend un étage central 2b du support 2, la lame 4b et un étage central 3b de la serge 3, les deux autres ensembles monolithiques, supérieur et inférieur, étant identiques aux ensembles 2a, 3a, 4a et 2c, 3c, 4c de l'exemple des figures 1 et 2. Dans la variante de la figure 3, les trous 5b pratiqués dans l'étage central 2b du support 2 et destinés à être traversés par lesdits éléments de fixation sont oblongs et s'étendent dans la direction de la lame 4b au repos. Ces trous oblongs 5b offrent à cet étage central 2b un degré de liberté en translation par rapport aux étages supérieur et inférieur du support 2 lors du montage du support 2 sur ledit support fixe ou mobile, l'étage central 2b étant ensuite tenu par serrage entre les étages supérieur et inférieur. De la sorte, on peut corriger des imprécisions de fabrication et/ou d'assemblage et éviter le risque que le système devienne hyperstatique. On peut aussi monter le support 2 de telle manière que le degré de liberté en translation de l'étage central 2b soit conservé pendant le fonctionnement de l'oscillateur 1.The figure 3 shows the central monolithic set of a variant of the oscillator 1, an oscillator which is formed here of three monolithic assemblies superimposed and assembled as in the example of the figures 1 and 2 . This central monolithic assembly comprises a central stage 2b of the support 2, the plate 4b and a central stage 3b of the serge 3, the two other monolithic assemblies, upper and lower, being identical to the assemblies 2a, 3a, 4a and 2c, 3c, 4c of the example of figures 1 and 2 . In the variant of the figure 3 , the holes 5b made in the central stage 2b of the support 2 and intended to be traversed by said fastening elements are oblong and extend in the direction of the blade 4b at rest. These oblong holes 5b offer this central stage 2b a degree of freedom in translation relative to the upper and lower stages of the support 2 during assembly of the support 2 on said fixed or movable support, the central stage 2b is then held by clamping between the upper and lower floors. In this way, inaccuracies in manufacture and / or assembly can be corrected and the risk of the system becoming hyperstatic. It is also possible to mount the support 2 in such a way that the degree of freedom in translation of the central stage 2b is preserved during the operation of the oscillator 1.

Dans des variantes, c'est l'étage supérieur 2a ou l'étage inférieur 2c du support 2 qui comporte les trous oblongs. Ce principe de donner à l'un des étages du support 2 un degré de liberté en translation peut aussi s'appliquer dans le cas où l'oscillateur est constitué de deux ensembles monolithiques superposés et assemblés, celui des deux ensembles monolithiques n'ayant qu'une lame présentant alors les trous oblongs.In variants, it is the upper stage 2a or the lower stage 2c of the support 2 which has the oblong holes. This principle of giving one of the stages of the support 2 a degree of freedom in translation can also be applied in the case where the oscillator consists of two monolithic assemblies superimposed and assembled, that of the two monolithic assemblies having only one blade then having the oblong holes.

La présente invention est applicable à d'autres composants horlogers qu'un oscillateur, par exemple à une ancre d'échappement, à une bascule ou à un levier. En évitant ou atténuant le pivotement de la partie mobile du composant autour d'un axe parallèle à son plan lors d'un choc vertical, cette partie mobile pourra plus facilement continuer à coopérer avec son organe partenaire.The present invention is applicable to other watch components than an oscillator, for example to an escapement anchor, a rocker or a lever. By avoiding or attenuating the pivoting of the mobile part of the component around an axis parallel to its plane during a vertical shock, this mobile part will be able to continue to cooperate more easily with its partner member.

Claims (14)

Composant horloger (1) comprenant une partie mobile (3), un support (2) et un pivot flexible (4) reliant la partie mobile (3) au support (2) pour guider la partie mobile (3) en rotation par rapport au support (2) autour d'un axe de rotation virtuel (A), le pivot flexible (4) étant agencé pour rappeler élastiquement la partie mobile (3) vers une position de repos, le pivot flexible (4) comprenant des première, deuxième et troisième lames élastiques (4a, 4b, 4c) se croisant sans contact, les plans médians respectifs desdites lames perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation virtuel (A) étant sensiblement parallèles, lesdits plans médians respectifs des première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) étant sensiblement symétriques par rapport audit plan médian de la deuxième lame (4b), les première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) ayant sensiblement la même raideur, caractérisé en ce que, en vue plane de dessus et lorsque la partie mobile (3) est dans sa position de repos, les fibres neutres respectives des première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) sont sensiblement symétriques par rapport à une droite (D) que définit la fibre neutre de la deuxième lame (4b) et le point de jonction (4b') de la deuxième lame (4b) et de la partie mobile (3) est situé dans un secteur angulaire rentrant défini par les première et troisième lames (4a, 4c).Watchmaking component (1) comprising a movable part (3), a support (2) and a flexible pivot (4) connecting the mobile part (3) to the support (2) to guide the mobile part (3) in rotation with respect to the support (2) around a virtual axis of rotation (A), the flexible pivot (4) being arranged to elastically return the movable part (3) to a rest position, the flexible pivot (4) comprising first, second and third resilient blades (4a, 4b, 4c) intersecting without contact, the respective median planes of said blades perpendicular to the virtual axis of rotation (A) being substantially parallel, said respective median planes of the first and third blades (4a, 4c ) being substantially symmetrical with respect to said median plane of the second blade (4b), the first and third blades (4a, 4c) having substantially the same stiffness, characterized in that , in plan view from above and when the moving part (3 ) is in its resting position, the fibers respective neutral ones of the first and third blades (4a, 4c) are substantially symmetrical with respect to a straight line (D) defined by the neutral fiber of the second blade (4b) and the junction point (4b ') of the second blade (4b). ) and the movable portion (3) is located in a reentrant angular sector defined by the first and third blades (4a, 4c). Composant horloger (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, en vue plane de dessus et lorsque la partie mobile (3) est dans sa position de repos, les première, deuxième et troisième lames (4a, 4b, 4c) se croisent en un point (O) situé à environ 12,7% de la longueur de chaque lame mesurée depuis le support (2).Watchmaking component (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that , in plan view from above and when the movable part (3) is in its rest position, the first, second and third blades (4a, 4b, 4c) are cross at a point (O) located at about 12.7% of the length of each blade measured from the support (2). Composant horloger (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, en vue plane de dessus et lorsque la partie mobile (3) est dans sa position de repos, l'angle (α) entre les première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) est compris entre 80° et 160°, de préférence entre 100° et 140°.Watchmaking component (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that , in plan view from above and when the movable part (3) is in its rest position, the angle (α) between the first and third blades ( 4a, 4c) is between 80 ° and 160 °, preferably between 100 ° and 140 °. Composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, en vue plane de dessus et lorsque la partie mobile (3) est dans sa position de repos, l'angle (α) entre les première et troisième lames (4a, 4c) est d'environ 120°.Watch component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that , in plan view from above and when the movable part (3) is in its rest position, the angle (α) between the first and third blades (4a, 4c) is about 120 °. Composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième lame (4b) a sensiblement la même raideur que les première et troisième lames (4a, 4c).Watch component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second blade (4b) has substantially the same stiffness as the first and third blades (4a, 4c). Composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit plan médian de la deuxième lame (4b) est sensiblement confondu avec le plan médian de la partie mobile (3).Watch component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said median plane of the second blade (4b) is substantially coincident with the median plane of the movable portion (3). Composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, en vue plane de dessus et lorsque la partie mobile (3) est dans sa position de repos, les première, deuxième et troisième lames (4a, 4b, 4c) se croisent en un point (O) qui est sensiblement confondu avec le centre de masse de la partie mobile (3).Watch component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that , in plan view from above and when the movable part (3) is in its rest position, the first, second and third blades (4a , 4b, 4c) intersect at a point (O) which is substantially coincident with the center of mass of the movable part (3). Composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des ensembles monolithiques superposés et assemblés, chaque ensemble monolithique comprenant un étage (2a, 2b, 2c) du support (2), un étage (3a, 3b, 3c) de la partie mobile (3) et au moins une des lames élastiques (4a, 4b, 4c).Watchmaking component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises superposed and assembled monolithic assemblies, each monolithic assembly comprising a stage (2a, 2b, 2c) of the support (2), a stage (3a, 3b, 3c) of the movable part (3) and at least one of the elastic blades (4a, 4b, 4c). Composant horloger (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque étage (2a, 2b, 2c) du support (2) présente des trous (5) permettant au support (2) d'être traversé par des éléments de fixation pour fixer le composant horloger (1) dans un mouvement horloger.Watch component (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that each stage (2a, 2b, 2c) of the support (2) has holes (5) allowing the support (2) to be traversed by fastening elements for fix the watch component (1) in a watch movement. Composant horloger selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les trous (5b) de l'étage (2b) du support (2) de l'un des ensembles monolithiques sont oblongs et s'étendent dans la direction de la lame élastique (4b) au repos du même ensemble monolithique.Watchmaking component according to claim 9, characterized in that the holes (5b) of the stage (2b) of the support (2) of one of the monolithic assemblies are oblong and extend in the direction of the elastic blade (4b ) at rest of the same monolithic set. Composant horloger (1) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des premier, deuxième et troisième dits ensembles monolithiques et en ce que ledit un des ensembles monolithiques est le deuxième ensemble monolithique, situé entre les premier et troisième ensembles monolithiques.Watch component (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises first, second and third so-called monolithic assemblies and in that said one of the monolithic assemblies is the second monolithic assembly, located between the first and third monolithic assemblies. Composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il est un oscillateur, une ancre, une bascule ou un levier.Watch component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is an oscillator, an anchor, a rocker or a lever. Mouvement horloger comprenant un composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.Watch movement comprising a watch component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12. Montre comprenant un composant horloger (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.Watch comprising a watch component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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CN112711180A (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-27 伊塔瑞士钟表制造股份有限公司 Flexible guide for rotary resonator mechanism and a set of stacked flexible guides
EP4273633A1 (en) * 2022-05-02 2023-11-08 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Mechanical oscillator with isochronism correction
EP4286959A1 (en) 2022-06-02 2023-12-06 Patek Philippe SA Genève Timepiece oscillator with flexible pivot

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EP4286959A1 (en) 2022-06-02 2023-12-06 Patek Philippe SA Genève Timepiece oscillator with flexible pivot

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