EP3406435B1 - Procédé et presse de compression d'une natte de matériau comprimable - Google Patents

Procédé et presse de compression d'une natte de matériau comprimable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3406435B1
EP3406435B1 EP18163237.3A EP18163237A EP3406435B1 EP 3406435 B1 EP3406435 B1 EP 3406435B1 EP 18163237 A EP18163237 A EP 18163237A EP 3406435 B1 EP3406435 B1 EP 3406435B1
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Prior art keywords
press
area
compression
length
plate
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3406435A1 (fr
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Hans Fechner
Lothar Sebastian
Klaus Schürmann
Michael SCHÖLER
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Siempelkamp Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH and Co KG
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Siempelkamp Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
    • B30B5/04—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band
    • B30B5/06—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band co-operating with another endless band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/24—Moulding or pressing characterised by using continuously acting presses having endless belts or chains moved within the compression zone

Definitions

  • endlessly circulating press belts e.g. B. steel bands are provided, with the interposition of rolling element assemblies, z. B. roll bars to the Press plates are supported.
  • the pressed material mat is guided into the press gap with the aid of the press belts and fed through the press gap at a feed rate and pressed using pressure and heat to form a wood-based panel or a (continuous) wood-based panel strand.
  • Wood-based panel means in particular fiberboard or chipboard. In a fiberboard it can be z. B. be an MDF board or an HDF or LDF board.
  • the method consequently relates to the production of wood-based panels in a continuously operating press and in particular a double-belt press which, at least in the compression area on the inlet side, is flexible and consequently has flexible press plates (e.g. inlet plates), so that the inlet contour can be adjusted steplessly and continuously, at least in the compression area on the inlet side can be practically adjusted to produce any continuous bending lines.
  • a double-belt press which, at least in the compression area on the inlet side, is flexible and consequently has flexible press plates (e.g. inlet plates), so that the inlet contour can be adjusted steplessly and continuously, at least in the compression area on the inlet side can be practically adjusted to produce any continuous bending lines.
  • Such a continuous press is z. B. from the DE 197 40 325 C5 known.
  • the press has flexible inlet plates on the inlet side, to which double-acting differential cylinders are connected in several rows, so that tensile and compressive forces for setting continuous bending lines are connected to the upper inlet plate or to the lower inlet plate in a predetermined distribution.
  • the support lines on the press platen of the fixed press beam should be offset to the support lines on the press platen of the movable press beam, so that in the main press area both the upper press platen and the lower press platen parallel to each other in a wavy manner, forming a line across the press lengths constant press gap are deformed.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method for pressing a pressed material mat in the course of the production of wood-based panels in a continuous press of the type described above, which is characterized by particularly high cost-effectiveness and high panel quality at the same time.
  • the invention teaches a method according to claim 1 and a continuous press using the method according to claim 10.
  • the length of the compression area is particularly preferably more than 50% of the total length of the press (or the press plates) made up of the compression area and the main pressing area. This means that in this particularly preferred embodiment the length of the compression area is even greater than the length of the main compression area.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that the pressing process can be optimized, in particular with regard to economic efficiency, if a significantly longer press inlet or a significantly longer compression zone is used in the course of pressing, and specifically particularly preferably in conjunction with a significantly increased one feed rate, i. H. with a significantly increased speed of the circulating press belts, which define the throughput speed of the pressed material mat through the continuous press.
  • the aim is to heat the mat to be pressed as quickly as possible (up to the inside of the mat) in the press, since the glues usually used at a certain temperature of e.g. B. about 100 ° C can be activated.
  • a certain temperature of e.g. B. about 100 ° C can be activated.
  • a higher temperature in the mat can be reached much more quickly when working with a significantly longer inlet and consequently a significantly longer compression area and at the same time a correspondingly shortened main pressing area.
  • the feed speed of the pressing material mat can be increased, and it has surprisingly turned out that in this way a very rapid heat input into the mat is possible and the respective critical temperature (of, for example, 100°C) is significantly earlier Time is reached than with a conventional inlet construction or inlet setting with conventional feed speeds.
  • the critical temperature of the pressing material mat is quickly reached inside the mat on the one hand and on the other hand a Residual compaction and consolidation/calibration is possible in a relatively short main pressing area, since the pressing material mat is almost "finished" when the compaction level is reached at the end of the compaction phase and no longer generates any counter pressure. Only a short residual curing time is required to achieve the panel strength and to calibrate the thickness.
  • the press can be shortened compared to conventional designs, despite the extended inlet or compression area, since the main pressing area can be significantly shortened compared to conventional presses.
  • temperatures of the press plates can be significantly increased compared to conventional modes of operation. It can e.g. B. with temperatures of the press plates of more than 250 ° C, preferably more than 270 ° C, more preferably more than 300 ° C can be used. This is possible through the use of modern temperature control media or thermal oils.
  • the main pressing area can be realized with a high level of humidification, particularly at high feed speeds and high temperatures.
  • This moistening can be divided (e.g. in half) between the top and the bottom of the grit mat. It is possible to spray the top and bottom with water.
  • moistening the forming belt to which the grit mat is applied there is also the possibility of moistening the forming belt to which the grit mat is applied. In any case, the effects described can be optimized in particular in connection with high speeds and high temperatures with a high degree of moistening of the mat.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the press can be run at a particularly high speed if there is a sufficiently high level of moisture available to intensify the steam chuff effect.
  • This compaction phase relates to that phase of the pressing process in which the pressed material mat is compacted to a degree of compaction V which is only slightly larger than the final size N of the finished press plate or even essentially corresponds to the final size.
  • V a compaction dimension
  • This degree of compaction V is therefore also referred to as the "remaining distance" in practice.
  • the compression area therefore ends where the Mat is compacted to this degree of compaction.
  • the compaction to this remaining distance now takes place in a relatively long inlet area and consequently compaction area and then only a relatively short main pressing area follows, in which the final compaction of the remaining distance to the final dimension and the consolidation and, if necessary, a calibration takes place.
  • the method according to the invention which is based on a significant lengthening of the inlet area or compression area, can basically be implemented in that the press plates form a continuously tapering inlet mouth in this (long) compression area.
  • the press gap consequently runs continuously in this compression area (in a basically known manner).
  • the pressing process can already be accelerated by the described lengthening of the inlet area and particularly preferably with a correspondingly increased feed rate and possibly higher temperatures as well as high moistening.
  • a pulsation in the compression area is consequently generated in a targeted and active manner, and surprisingly it has been found that a higher temperature in the mat can be reached much more quickly if the pressing material mat is compressed and decompressed in a cyclically pulsating manner in the infeed area, with a surprising effect that a very fast heat input into the mat succeeds and the respective critical temperature (of e.g. 100°C) is reached even earlier in the press than with the usual inlet settings.
  • the pulsating compressions and decompressions allow the steam to penetrate the inside of the mat very quickly, so that it warms up very quickly.
  • the upper press plate and/or the lower press plate is designed or set in a wavy manner, at least in some areas, so that the pressing material mat in the compression area in the working direction successively runs through several pulsating, varying compression phases.
  • the infeed mouth is consequently not opened and closed in a pulsating manner, but rather a press plate is adjusted with a wave shape, so that the pressed material mat passing through successively runs through compression and decompression phases. In this way, too, the heat input can be further accelerated.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented with a continuous press which, in terms of its basic structure, corresponds to the previously known structure.
  • a continuous press which, in terms of its basic structure, corresponds to the previously known structure.
  • Such a press has a press frame, a heatable upper press plate in the upper part of the press and a heatable lower press plate in the lower part of the press, the upper press plate and/or the lower press plate being acted upon by press cylinders supported on the press frame.
  • endless press belts circulate, which are supported on the press plates with the interposition of rolling element assemblies.
  • Such a press is also referred to as a double belt press. It is designed according to the invention in such a way that the length of the compression area is more than 25%, preferably more than 50% of the total length made up of the compression area and the main compression area.
  • This can e.g. B. can be realized in a press, which in a basically known manner on the one hand has flexible or flexurally elastic inlet plates on the inlet side and on the other hand main pressure plates which adjoin the inlet plates. Because it is generally known to provide main press plates or heating plates in a continuous press in the main pressing area, which have a relatively large thickness of z. B. 100 mm. In the inlet area, on the other hand, flexible inlet plates with a smaller thickness of z. B. 60 mm can be used. The inventive method can now be used in such a construction z. This can be realized, for example, by working with significantly lengthened inlet plates and correspondingly shortened main press plates. The inlet plates can then define the compaction area and the main press plates the main press area.
  • a continuous press is made available in which one Division between flexible inlet plates on the one hand and relatively stiff main press plates on the other hand is dispensed with.
  • the invention proposes that the upper press plate and/or the lower press plate is/are designed over its entire length as a flexible and consequently flexurally elastic press plate.
  • This can e.g. B. realized in that the thickness of the upper press platen and / or the thickness of the lower press plate is less than 80 mm, particularly preferably less than 70 mm, z. B. is about 60 mm.
  • the press plates are z. B. made of steel. You can be provided with heating channels for a heating medium.
  • This press according to the invention consequently has relatively thin press plates over its entire length, which are designed as heating plates and consequently heatable press plates and which in this way allow the greatest possible flexibility over the entire length of the press.
  • the inlet area is then no longer a constructively isolated area, but is created by variable adjustment of the press plates (with a consistent thickness), so that a universally usable, continuously working press is made available, in which - depending on the product and requirements - solely through the respective settings, an inlet area or compression area of the desired length and geometry is made available.
  • This compaction area is defined in such a way that it means the area in which the pressing material mat is compacted to the compaction dimension or the remaining distance, so that the remaining compaction from the remaining distance to the final dimension and a corresponding consolidation must then take place.
  • the method described at the outset can now be implemented particularly preferably with such a press. However, the press is also placed under protection independently of the procedure described.
  • the required rigidity for serving different pressure zones is to be achieved by correspondingly variable distances between the press frames and/or by the number of press cylinders in the press frame.
  • the press frame has a multiplicity of press frames arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the press, the press frame having press frames with identical frame thickness over the entire length.
  • press frame can be constructed from a large number of press frames of identical frame thickness, with multiple frames (e.g. double frames or triple frames) being able to be used in different areas of the press be assembled from two or more press frames of the same frame thickness.
  • press cylinders of identical design and possibly identical dimensions over the entire length of the press.
  • the press is thus preferably constructed with a single type of cylinder (relative to the press cylinders).
  • single-acting plunger cylinders on the one hand and single-acting retraction cylinders on the other hand can be used as press cylinders over the entire length of the press.
  • the press cylinders are consequently arranged on the press frames and consequently at frame level, while the retraction cylinders are preferably suspended between the press frames.
  • the continuous bending lines described can then be realized via plunger cylinders on the one hand and retraction cylinders on the other hand, specifically with press cylinders of a relatively simple design.
  • the feed rate depends on the panel thickness to be produced.
  • the feed rate can be more than 300 mm/s, preferably more than 400 mm/s, preferably with a press length of 20 m to 45 m, e.g. B. 30 m to 40 m.
  • the feed rate is then worked with significantly higher feed speeds.
  • the first aspect of the invention which relates in particular to the claimed method, is based on the 1 be explained.
  • Shown are the upper press platen 1 and the lower press platen 2 of a continuously operating double belt press.
  • a double belt press has an in 1 not shown press frame and a variety of press cylinders, which in 1 are also not shown and z. B. apply the upper press platen.
  • Such a press has endlessly revolving press belts, which are supported on the press plates 1, 2 with the interposition of roller bars. These are also in 1 not shown.
  • the press plates 1, 2 are heated, so that a pressed material mat passing through the press can be formed into a plate, e.g. B. wood-based panel is pressed.
  • a compression area is formed on the inlet side, which has a length L1.
  • the mat of pressed material entering the press gap (between the press belts) in working direction A is compacted during a compaction phase to a degree of compaction V, which is also referred to as the remaining distance.
  • This degree of compaction is only up to 20%, preferably up to 15% greater than the final dimension N of the plate leaving the press. Consequently, the compaction area ends where this degree of compaction is reached.
  • a main pressing area of length L2 adjoining the compression area is formed by the pressing plates.
  • the pressing material mat is then (only) residually compacted from the compaction dimension V to the final dimension N and the plate is consolidated and calibrated if necessary.
  • the respective thickness of the pressed material mat relates to the press belts, not shown, between which the mat is arranged.
  • the invention now provides that the length L1 of the compression area is more than 25% of the total length L, which is made up of the compression area and the main pressing area .
  • the length L1 of the compression area is greater than the length L2 of the main compression area, i.e. the length L1 of the compression area is more than 50% of the total length L.
  • This concept according to the invention can basically be realized in that, in a known manner, flexible inlet plates are used for the compression area and relatively stiff main press plates are used for the main pressing area, so that relatively long inlet plates are then used.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown, in which both the upper press plate 1 and the lower press plate 2 are formed over their entire length as flexible, elastic press plates 1, 2, which have a relatively small thickness of z. B. have less than 70 mm.
  • This configuration has the advantage that the compression area on the one hand and the main press area on the other hand are not structurally fixed, but can be adjusted flexibly and thus adapted to the respective circumstances. There is consequently the possibility of working with such a press with different compression areas of greatly differing lengths.
  • FIG. 2a shows a continuously operating press with an upper press platen 1 and a lower press platen 2 and with a press frame 3, which consists of the upper beam 4 and the lower beam 5 as well as a large number of press frames 6. Also with this press are endlessly circulating press belts and z. B. roll bars are provided, which are not shown in the figure.
  • the press is B. designed as a top piston press, d. H. the upper press platen 1 is acted upon by a multiplicity of press cylinders 7 which are supported on the press frames 6 . It can also be seen in this embodiment that both the upper press platen 1 and the lower press platen 2 have a continuous or identical thickness of z. B. about 60 mm, so that the greatest possible flexibility over the entire length of the press can be realized. It is also indicated that the press frame has press frames 6 with an identical frame thickness over the entire length of the press. The rigidity required to serve different pressure zones is achieved through narrower or wider frame spacings a1, a2, a3 and also through the use of single frames on the one hand or multiple frames on the other. It can be seen that double frames are realized in the entry area, which are each composed of individual frames of identical thickness.
  • press cylinders 7 of identical design and dimensions are used over the entire press length and consequently both in the compression area and in the main press area. This also reduces the variety of parts.
  • the press cylinders are designed as double-acting differential cylinders, with which both compressive forces and tensile forces on the respective press plate, z. B. the upper press plate can be applied.
  • An exemplary embodiment is shown in which initially several double frames with a frame spacing a1 of z. B. 50 mm are arranged. This can then be followed by individual frames, also with a distance a1 of 50 mm. This area can e.g. B. form the compression zone with the already mentioned length L1. This is then followed by several individual frames with a frame spacing a2 of z. B. about 1200 mm. This area can e.g. B. represent the consolidation area. This is followed by an area with several individual frames with a frame spacing a3 of z. B. 800 mm. This section of the press can e.g. B. form the calibration area.
  • pressure distribution plates 8 are provided in a rear partial area of the press. These are provided in the area of the lower press plate, so that the lower press plate rests on the press frame 6 with the interposition of pressure distribution plates 8 .
  • the press rigidity, e.g. B. in the calibration area, increase locally. This is particularly interesting because the already described flexible press plates are also used in the calibration area.
  • Figure 2b is an example of a pressure curve in such a press Figure 2a indicated and the compression area x1, the consolidation area x2 and the calibration area x3 can be seen as an example.
  • the specific pressure (N/cm 2 ) over the press length is plotted there.
  • the remaining compaction from the compaction dimension to the final dimension takes place in the consolidation area.
  • a pressure of 400 N / cm 2 are built up, which is then in a part of the compression phase z. B. from 250 N / cm 2 and finally in the further course of compaction and then also in the consolidation and calibration, for example, 150 N / cm 2 .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de compression d'une nappe de matière à presser au cours de la fabrication de panneaux à base de dérivés du bois, en particulier de panneaux de fibres, dans une presse continue, sachant que la presse comporte un bâti de presse, au moins un plateau de presse supérieur (1) et au moins un plateau de presse inférieur (2), sachant que le plateau de presse supérieur (1) et/ou le plateau de presse inférieur (2), est sollicité par des vérins de pressage (7) supportés sur le bâti de presse pour le réglage d'un interstice de pressage disposé entre les plateaux de presse (1, 2),
    sachant qu'une zone de compactage est formée du côté admission par les plateaux de presse (1, 2) d'une longueur L1 prédéfinie , dans laquelle la natte de matière à presser entrant dans l'interstice de pressage est compactée pendant une phase de compactage à une mesure de compactage V, qui est jusqu'à 20 % supérieure à la cote finale N du panneau sortant de la presse et
    sachant qu'une zone de pressage principale se raccordant à la zone de compactage d'une longueur L2 prédéfinie est formée par les plateaux de presse (1, 2), dans laquelle la natte de matière à presser est recompactée et consolidée de la mesure de compactage V à la cote finale N,
    caractérisé en ce que la longueur L1 de la zone de compactage représente plus de 8 m et plus de 25 % de la longueur totale L = L1 + L2 de la presse ou du plateau de presse, se composant de la zone de compactage et de la zone de pressage principale.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la longueur L1 de la zone de compactage représente plus de 50 % de la longueur totale L = L1 + L2 de la presse.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la longueur L1 est supérieure à 10 m.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lors d'une fabrication d'un panneau avec une cote finale de plus de 15 mm, la vitesse d'avance est supérieure à 300 mm/s, de préférence supérieure à 400 mm/s et à savoir de préférence pour une longueur de pressage de 20 m à 45 m, par ex. : 30 m à 40 m.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la température du plateau de presse supérieur et/ou inférieur est supérieure à 250°C, de préférence supérieure à 270°C, de préférence supérieure à 300°C.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la natte de matière à presser est humidifiée avant l'entrée, par ex. avec de l'eau, sachant de préférence qu'une ou les deux surfaces de la natte de matière à presser sont humidifiées, par ex. avec au moins 1 %/poids, de préférence avec au moins 2 %/poids, en particulier de préférence plus de 3 %/poids, en se référant respectivement au poids de la natte de matière dispersée.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les plateaux de presse dans la zone de compactage forment une bouche d'admission se réduisant en continu.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le plateau de presse supérieur (1) et/ou le plateau de presse inférieur (2) est, au moins dans la zone de compactage, abaissé et relevé de façon cyclique par impulsion au moins par endroits de telle sorte que la natte de matière à presser entrant dans la zone de compactage passe à plusieurs reprises par un compactage et un dégagement cyclique au moyen des vérins de pressage (7) raccordés dans la zone de compactage au plateau de presse supérieur (1) et/ou au plateau de presse inférieur (2) dans plusieurs phases de compression et de décompression à impulsions variables se succédant l'une derrière l'autre.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le plateau de presse supérieur (1) et/ou le plateau de presse inférieur (2) est constitué de forme ondulée au moins par endroits ou réglée de telle manière que la natte de matière à presser passe dans la zone de compactage dans la direction de travail (A) par plusieurs phases de compression à impulsions variables les unes après les autres.
  10. Presse continue pour comprimer une natte de matière à presser au cours de la fabrication de panneaux à base de dérivés du bois au moyen d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
    sachant que la presse comporte un bâti de presse (3), un plateau de presse supérieur (1) chauffable dans la partie supérieure de presse et un plateau de presse inférieur (2) chauffable dans la partie inférieure de presse, sachant que le plateau de presse supérieur (1) et/ou le plateau de presse inférieur (2), est sollicité par des vérins de presse (7) supportés par exemple sur le bâti de presse,
    et sachant que la presse comporte dans la partie supérieure de presse et dans la partie inférieure de presse des bandes de pressage circulant en continu, qui sont supportées sur les plateaux de presse en intercalant des groupes de corps de roulement,
    sachant que le bâti de presse (3) comporte une pluralité de cadre de presse (6) disposés les uns derrière les autres dans la direction longitudinale de pressage,
    caractérisé en ce que le plateau de presse supérieur (1) et/ou le plateau de presse inférieur (2) est/sont constitué(s) sur toute leur longueur (2) comme des plateaux de presse souples (1, 2), qui comportent une épaisseur inférieure à 70 mm,
    en ce que le bâti de presse (3) comporte des cadres de presse (6) avec une épaisseur de cadre identique sur toute la longueur,
    en ce que des vérins de pressage (7) de conception et dimension identiques sont prévus dans la presse sur toute la longueur de pressage,
    et en ce que les cadres de presse (6) sont disposés dans différentes zones réparties sur la longueur de pressage à des distances de cadre différentes.
  11. Presse continue selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le plateau de presse (2, 1) opposé aux vérins de pressage (7) est appuyé sur des plateaux de répartition de pression (8), qui sont fixés sur le cadre de presse (3), sachant de préférence que les plateaux de répartition de pression (8) ne sont disposés que dans la zone de pressage principale.
  12. Presse continue selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 ou 11, caractérisée en ce que des vérins différentiels à double effet sont prévus comme vérins de pressage (7) sur toute la longueur de pressage.
  13. Presse continue selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 ou 11, caractérisée en ce que d'une part des vérins à piston plongeur à simple effet et d'autre part des vérins de rappel à simple effet sont prévus comme vérins de pressage (7) sur toute la longueur de pressage.
EP18163237.3A 2017-05-18 2018-03-22 Procédé et presse de compression d'une natte de matériau comprimable Active EP3406435B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017110875.0A DE102017110875B4 (de) 2017-05-18 2017-05-18 Verfahren zum Verpressen einer Pressgutmatte

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EP3406435A1 EP3406435A1 (fr) 2018-11-28
EP3406435B1 true EP3406435B1 (fr) 2023-07-12

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CN113246240B (zh) * 2021-05-10 2022-06-03 湖南风河竹木科技股份有限公司 一种大型竹木板材热压成型过程中的出料装置

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19518879A1 (de) * 1995-05-28 1996-12-05 Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Spanplatten

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DE102017110875B4 (de) 2020-07-16
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DE102017110875A1 (de) 2018-11-22
EP3406435A1 (fr) 2018-11-28

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