EP3405730B1 - Ancrage réfractaire pour une tuile réfractaire d'un four - Google Patents

Ancrage réfractaire pour une tuile réfractaire d'un four Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3405730B1
EP3405730B1 EP16819021.3A EP16819021A EP3405730B1 EP 3405730 B1 EP3405730 B1 EP 3405730B1 EP 16819021 A EP16819021 A EP 16819021A EP 3405730 B1 EP3405730 B1 EP 3405730B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refractory
anchor
refractory anchor
cone
parts
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP16819021.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3405730A1 (fr
Inventor
Florus Hermanus BEUKEMA
Paulus VAN BEURDEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tata Steel Nederland Technology BV
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Tata Steel Nederland Technology BV
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Priority claimed from PCT/EP2016/080460 external-priority patent/WO2017125206A1/fr
Publication of EP3405730A1 publication Critical patent/EP3405730A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F27D1/141—Anchors therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a refractory anchor for a furnace refractory roof tile or wall tile as used in high temperature furnaces in for instance the steel industry as well as to a method for the manufacturing of such an refractory anchor.
  • furnace walls are provided with a lining of refractory material that is secured to the walls.
  • a known method to mount refractory material to the inside of furnace walls and roof is by means of anchoring.
  • a specific anchor is the so called ceramic refractory anchor, often a conical or shaped brick of a refractory material.
  • Such refractory anchors for fixing lining and tiles of cladding within metallurgical furnaces are disclosed, for instance, in AT 320 701 , US 2 021 610 , DE 24 58 986 , DE 24 33 059 , WO-90/107 63 or US-2008/104 920 .
  • the refractory anchor is often used to suspend insulation material in the form of refractory tiles from a structural support. These refractory tiles are layered tiles with layers of different refractory materials.
  • the life time of refractory tiles used in for instance re-heat furnaces to re-heat steel slabs are in the order of 8 - 20 years.
  • the refractory anchor should have a life time that is at least equal to and preferably longer than that of the refractory tile to be sure that the refractory tiles remain suspended.
  • the refractory anchor is subjected to large stress variations. This requires a refractory anchor that can withstand these stress variations over a prolonged period of time, in particular for the refractory tiles with a life time of 15 - 20 years.
  • the refractory tiles need to have excellent insulation properties in order to safe on heating costs as much as possible and at the same time the manufacturing costs should be low to be able to recover the costs within a reasonable period of time. These requirements oppose each other and a suitable balance should be found.
  • the invention relates to a refractory anchor as defined in claims 1-10, a method for the manufacturing of a refractory anchor as defined in claims 11-13 and a mould for the manufacturing of a refractory anchor as defined in claims 13-15.
  • one or more of the objectives of the invention are realized by providing a refractory anchor for a refractory tile for a high temperature furnace, wherein the refractory anchor has an overall truncated cone shape, characterised in that the refractory anchor is divided in three or more parts and wherein radial dividing planes run from bottom plane to top plane of the truncated cone shaped refractory anchor.
  • a furnace is meant wherein the temperature is such that the hot side of the refractory material should be able to withstand temperatures in the range of 1300-1400 °C.
  • a refractory anchor is subjected to stresses during heating and cooling cycles and depending on the temperature rate these stresses might increase up to and over 50% of the maximum stress that a refractory anchor can initially withstand (i.e., its strength). With normal temperature rates in steel slab re-heat furnaces the stresses will be in the order of 20 - 25 % of the strength. Repeated heating and cooling cycles wherein the refractory anchor is subjected to high stresses will be detrimental to the life time of the refractory anchor. It was found that by dividing the refractory anchor in three or more parts these stresses during the cooling cycles can be substantially lowered.
  • the refractory anchor should at least be divided in three parts with radial dividing planes. These dividing planes start from the centre line of the cone shape and extend in radial direction. It was found that dividing the refractory anchor in three or four parts resulted in a substantial decrease of the stresses occurring in the refractory anchor.
  • a two-part refractory anchor is disclosed in AT320701 which has a truncated cone shape with oval shaped bottom and top plane with a dividing plane through the centre and parallel to the smallest axis of the oval.
  • the refractory anchor is preferably divided in parts of the same size and shape to have the same stresses and stress effects in each of the parts. Further the centre line or axis of the truncated cone shape is at the right angles to the bottom plane and top plane wherein both the bottom plane and top plane are circular planes. Moreover, parts of the same size will facilitate the manufacturing of the refractory anchor.
  • the refractory anchor is preferably shaped with a first cone part and a second cone part each with a truncated cone shape, with a shoulder part as transition between the first and second cone parts.
  • the bottom plane of the second cone part is at the hot side when in use and wherein the diameter of the imaginary bottom plane of the first cone part is less than the diameter of the imaginary top plane of the second cone part.
  • the height of the first cone part is larger than the height of the second cone part.
  • the height of the second cone part is less than 65% of the height of the first cone part.
  • the height of the second cone part is between 35% and 50% of the height of the first cone part. It was found that lowering the shoulder part beyond that does not result in any further overall improvement.
  • the height ranges of the first and second cone part together with the height of the shoulder part form the total height of the refractory anchor.
  • the total height of the refractory anchor is in a range of 230 - 400mm, wherein the top plane diameter of the first cone part is in a range of 80 - 145 mm and the bottom plane diameter of the second cone part is in a range of 165 - 210 mm.
  • the diameters of the bottom and top plane may in general be taken larger to ensure mechanical stability.
  • the ranges for such three or four part refractory anchor will overlap with those of an undivided refractory anchor.
  • the shoulder part is concavely curved with a radius of curvature in the range of 5 - 30mm.
  • the curvature of the shoulder part results in lower stresses occurring in the shoulder part, however there is a limit to the curvature. With a larger radius of curvature the area wherein the stresses associated with the shoulder part occur increases such that the effect of a larger radius of curvature is cancelled out. Good results in lowering the stresses are realized wherein the shoulder part is concavely curved with a radius of curvature in the range of 15 - 25mm.
  • the opening angle or cone angle of the first cone part and/or second cone part are in the range of 2 -15°. With such an opening angle the anchor provides good support for the refractory tile and the stresses occurring in the refractory anchor are kept within limits.
  • a method for the manufacturing of a refractory anchor for a refractory tile for a furnace comprising the steps of:
  • the filling of the mould is done under pressure such that the mould is completely filled with refractory moulding compound. Besides the filling under pressure the compound mass could further be stamped and/or the mould vibrated to get an optimal filling of the mould.
  • the parts are fixed to each other by applying a mortar between the parts of the refractory anchor.
  • a mortar between the parts of the refractory anchor.
  • an air curing mortar is used that is capable to withstand the temperatures to which it will be exposed in the furnace.
  • the mortar is applied in such a thickness that the finale refractory anchor has the dimensions as designed. These dimensions correspond with the internal dimensions of the mould. In this manner a perfect match with the anchor hole in the refractory tile can be realized.
  • the mortar has a strength that is less than the strength of each of the parts of the refractory anchor.
  • the mortar has a certain flexibility such that the refractory anchor can adapt to the complementary shaped recess provided in the refractory tile to receive the refractory anchor.
  • the method further includes that a shape is formed in the refractory anchor to receive an anchor bolt, which shape is complementary to the anchor bolt.
  • a mould for the manufacturing of a refractory anchor for a refractory tile for a furnace, wherein the refractory anchor has an overall truncated cone shape and wherein the refractory anchor is divided in at least three parts, and wherein the mould has an overall truncated cone shape which is open at one side and closed at the opposite side, a protrusion in the closed side which is shaped for the refractory anchor to receive an anchor bolt and one or more dividing plates which run from the closed side to the open side of the mould.
  • the dividing plates have a thickness in the range of 1-5 mm, preferably 1-3 mm and typically 1-2mm.
  • the dividing plates have a thickness which corresponds with the thickness or the final thickness of the layer mortar that is applied between the parts of the refractory anchor.
  • a refractory anchor 1 is shown that is divided in three parts, with only the parts 2, 3 visible, wherein the darker shading is indicative of the maximum stresses occurring in the anchor when cooling down.
  • the stresses with a three-part anchor occur at the joining faces 6,7 of the three-part anchor 1 at or near the shoulder 8 between the first cone part 9 and the second cone part 10.
  • Fig.2A shows a top view of a refractory anchor 1 which is divided in four parts 2, 3, 4, 5 wherein the stresses as occur in the three-part anchor are far less and also less than in an anchor made in one piece.
  • the respective side view of fig.2B and the bottom view of fig.2C show the in this case symmetrical division of the refractory anchor in four parts.
  • the two-part anchor is the least favourable embodiment with the largest stresses occurring at the shoulder and the side face of the anchor. Only with regard to the bottom part the one-piece form is worse. This is related to the fact that in the two-part anchor an increased, but localized around the division plane, bending moment occurs which increases the stress intensity. This increased bending moment is less pronounced for the three and four-part anchors.
  • the three part form is clearly favourable over the one-piece and two-part form anchor with the largest decrease of the occurring stresses being at or near the shoulder part and a significant decrease of the stresses occurring at the bottom of the anchor.
  • the stresses at the side are less significant reduced with respect to the one piece form, but still there is a decrease.
  • the four part anchor shows even further decreased stresses and here the decrease of the stresses occurring at the side and the bottom are significantly reduced in comparison with the stresses occurring at the side and bottom of a three part anchor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Ancrage réfractaire (1) pour un tuile réfractaire d'un four, l'ancrage réfractaire (1) ayant une forme globale tronconique, caractérisé en ce que l'ancrage réfractaire (1) est divisé en trois parties ou plus (2-5) et des plans de division radiaux s'étendent du plan inférieur au plan supérieur de l'ancrage réfractaire de forme tronconique (1).
  2. Ancrage réfractaire selon la revendication 1, les parties (2-5) de l'ancrage réfractaire (1) étant de forme identique.
  3. Ancrage réfractaire selon la revendication 1 ou 2, l'ancrage réfractaire (1) ayant une première partie conique (9) et une seconde partie conique (10) chacune de forme tronconique, avec une partie d'épaulement (8) comme transition entre les première et seconde parties coniques (9, 10).
  4. Ancrage réfractaire selon la revendication 3, le plan inférieur de la seconde partie conique (10) se trouvant du côté chaud lors de l'utilisation et le diamètre du plan inférieur de la première partie conique (9) étant inférieur au diamètre du plan supérieur de la seconde partie conique (10).
  5. Ancrage réfractaire selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, la hauteur de la première partie conique (9) étant supérieure à la hauteur de la seconde partie conique (10).
  6. Ancrage réfractaire selon la revendication 5, la hauteur de la seconde partie conique (10) étant inférieure à 65 % de la hauteur de la première partie conique (9).
  7. Ancrage réfractaire selon la revendication 5, la hauteur de la seconde partie conique (10) étant comprise entre 35 % et 50 % de la hauteur de la première partie conique (9).
  8. Ancrage réfractaire selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 7, la partie d'épaulement (8) étant incurvée de manière concave avec un rayon de courbure dans la plage comprise entre 5 et 30 mm.
  9. Ancrage réfractaire (1) selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 8, la partie d'épaulement (8) étant incurvée de manière concave avec un rayon de courbure dans la plage comprise entre 15 et 25 mm.
  10. Ancrage réfractaire selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 9, l'angle d'ouverture de la première partie conique (9) et/ou de la seconde partie conique (10) étant dans la plage comprise entre 2 et 15°.
  11. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un ancrage réfractaire (1) pour un tuile réfractaire d'un four, l'ancrage réfractaire (1) ayant une forme globale tronconique et l'ancrage réfractaire (1) étant divisé en au moins trois parties (2-5) et des plans de division radiaux s'étendant du plan inférieur au plan supérieur de l'ancrage réfractaire (1) de forme tronconique, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    - fournir un moule pour l'ancrage réfractaire (1) divisé en parties,
    - remplir le moule avec une masse de moulage réfractaire,
    - mettre à feu l'ancrage réfractaire (1), et
    - appliquer un mortier entre les parties de l'ancrage réfractaire (1).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, le mortier étant un mortier séchant à l'air.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, une forme complémentaire destinée à recevoir un boulon d'ancrage étant formée dans l'ancrage réfractaire.
  14. Moule pour la fabrication d'un ancrage réfractaire (1) pour un tuile réfractaire d'un four selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 10, l'ancrage réfractaire (1) ayant une forme globale tronconique et l'ancrage réfractaire (1) étant divisé en au moins trois parties (2-5), le moule ayant une forme générale tronconique qui est ouverte sur un côté et fermée sur le côté opposé, une saillie dans le côté fermé qui est formée pour que l'ancrage réfractaire (1) puisse recevoir un boulon d'ancrage et une ou plusieurs plaques de séparation qui s'étendent du côté fermé au côté ouvert du moule.
  15. Moule selon la revendication 14, les plaques de séparation ayant une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 5 mm.
EP16819021.3A 2016-01-22 2016-12-09 Ancrage réfractaire pour une tuile réfractaire d'un four Active EP3405730B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP2016152404 2016-01-22
PCT/EP2016/080460 WO2017125206A1 (fr) 2016-01-22 2016-12-09 Ancrage de réfractaire pour carreau de réfractaire de four

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3405730A1 EP3405730A1 (fr) 2018-11-28
EP3405730B1 true EP3405730B1 (fr) 2020-10-07

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EP16819021.3A Active EP3405730B1 (fr) 2016-01-22 2016-12-09 Ancrage réfractaire pour une tuile réfractaire d'un four

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EP (1) EP3405730B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2825874T3 (fr)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Publication date
EP3405730A1 (fr) 2018-11-28
ES2825874T3 (es) 2021-05-17

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