EP3403737B1 - Straightening machine and method for operating the same - Google Patents

Straightening machine and method for operating the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3403737B1
EP3403737B1 EP18168224.6A EP18168224A EP3403737B1 EP 3403737 B1 EP3403737 B1 EP 3403737B1 EP 18168224 A EP18168224 A EP 18168224A EP 3403737 B1 EP3403737 B1 EP 3403737B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
straightening
rollers
roller mill
forces
straightening machine
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EP18168224.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3403737A3 (en
EP3403737A2 (en
Inventor
Franz MÜLLERLEILE
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Kohler Maschinenbau GmbH
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Kohler Maschinenbau GmbH
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Publication of EP3403737A3 publication Critical patent/EP3403737A3/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D1/00Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
    • B21D1/02Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling by rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C51/00Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D3/00Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
    • B21D3/02Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
    • B21D3/08Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers which move in an orbit without rotating round the work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/02Die constructions enabling assembly of the die parts in different ways

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a straightening machine for straightening a metal strip or flat metal parts according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such a straightening machine according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • Such a straightening machine comprises a number of upper straightening rolls, which are mounted in an upper roll frame, and a number of lower straightening rolls, which are mounted in a lower roll frame.
  • the upper and lower straightening rollers are arranged in such a way that they form a straightening gap between an inlet and an outlet of the straightening machine in order to act there from above and from below on the metal strip or metal part to be straightened and to guide the metal strip or metal part through the straightening machine.
  • the straightening rollers are provided with coupling elements for coupling drive shafts, usually articulated shafts of a drive device.
  • the straightening rollers can be removed from the respective roller mill so that they can be replaced after a wear limit has been reached.
  • Straightening machines of the present type are used to eliminate tension and unevenness in metal strips or metal parts.
  • the upper and lower straightening rollers are offset from one another along the straightening gap in such a way that the material to be straightened is guided through the straightening gap in a kind of wavy line and is bent up and down alternately on the straightening rollers.
  • the bending takes place in such a way that the material is bent beyond its yield point, at least on the first straightening rollers, so that undesired bends and stresses in the material are eliminated as completely as possible.
  • the material is usually heavily plasticized on the first straightening roller of the leveler. At each additional straightening roller the material is slightly less bent and the material is no longer plasticized at the last straightening roller, ie it is only elastically deformed.
  • metal strips are often used, which are delivered as so-called coils and unwound from there for production.
  • a leveler of the type mentioned is for example from EP-A-2 712 687 known.
  • This known straightening machine is also particularly suitable for straightening flat metal parts and deals with the problem that the straightening gap of the straightening machine widens during a straightening process when stud bolts are used to connect the upper and lower roller frames.
  • More straighteners of the present type are, for example, from EP-A-2 002 907 , which deals in particular with a gear arrangement for the leveler, and from EP-A-1 491 270 known.
  • the straightening rollers of a straightening machine of the present type usually have a coupling element on one end face for coupling cardan shafts of the drive device. This is usually designed as a coupling pin with an external profile. On the opposite end of the straightening rollers there is a bearing journal for an axial bearing in the respective roller mill. To remove the straightening roller from the roller mill, the cardan shaft on the drive side is pulled off the straightening roller, the associated bearing is loosened and the straightening roller is pulled out of the opposite bearing.
  • the straightening rollers of a straightening machine of the present type are exposed to high forces and are therefore subject to more or less rapid wear.
  • the straightening rollers When the straightening rollers have reached a level of wear that leaves visible defects on the surface of the metal strips or metal parts to be straightened, the straightening rollers must be replaced. Due to the necessary high stability, strength and dimensional accuracy of the straightening rollers, replacing the straightening rollers is correspondingly expensive.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a straightening machine of the type mentioned at the beginning and a method for operating this straightening machine, with which the service life of the straightening rollers is increased, in particular when the straightening machine is also used for straightening flat metal parts can be.
  • straightening rollers of straightening machines which are used for straightening flat metal parts, wear particularly quickly on that side of the straightening machine which is opposite the drive device.
  • This is related to the fact that a person who operates the straightening machine and puts the metal parts to be straightened into the infeed of the straightening machine, usually placing them on a roller conveyor or other conveyor device arranged in front of the infeed, staying on the side of the straightening machine opposite the drive device.
  • the metal parts to be straightened are not usually centered if they are narrower than the width of the infeed, but enter the straightening gap near the operator, i.e. on the side of the straightening machine facing away from the drive device. This means that the leveling rollers on the operating side of the leveler wear out more quickly than on the drive side.
  • the service life of the straightening rollers can be significantly increased simply by turning the straightening rollers inside the straightening machine, i.e. after a number of removed from the respective roller mill after the straightening processes carried out, turned over and reinserted in the roller mill with the end faces swapped over.
  • the straightening rollers that are to be turned are not only provided with coupling elements on one end face, but rather have coupling elements on both end faces. In itself, this is in different contexts from the CN-B-104226735 , On which the preamble of claim 1 is based, of CN-U-203235784 and the CN-U-205217654 known.
  • the coupling elements can be designed as drive pins with a profiled cross section for axial torque transmission by means of a drive shaft or articulated shaft that can be plugged on; alternatively, it can be provided that the coupling elements are in the form of drive sleeves with a profiled cross-section, into which correspondingly profiled pins of drive shafts can be inserted.
  • the straightening rollers designed in this way can be coupled and uncoupled from the drive shafts of a drive device by means of an axial movement.
  • the reversible design of the straightening rollers according to the invention makes it possible to achieve a greatly improved service life of the straightening rollers, with the improvement being greater the more often metal parts are straightened that enter the straightening gap eccentrically, usually shifted to the operator side of the straightening machine.
  • the areas of the straightening roller that are subject to greater stress and are therefore subject to faster wear are exchanged for the areas of the straightening roller that are subject to less stress and are therefore less worn. In the ideal case, this results in an essentially uniform stress on the straightening rollers.
  • the straightening rollers are not only rotated periodically and reinserted into the roller mill with the end faces swapped over, but also the sequence of the straightening rollers along the straightening gap is reversed periodically. Because it has been recognized that the straightening rollers are subjected to greater stress during the straightening process and accordingly wear out more, the closer they are arranged to the inlet of the straightening machine.
  • each straightening roller is assigned at least two pairs of support rollers on its side facing away from the straightening gap, which support the straightening rollers against bending during the straightening process.
  • the support roller pairs for to arrange a straightening roller in such a way that they are not positioned symmetrically with respect to a center of an imaginary line between the two bearing points of the straightening roller. This means that after the straightening roller has been turned, the contact areas between the support rollers and the straightening roller are located at a different point on the straightening roller, so that premature wear in these contact areas and in particular in the area of the front edges of the support rollers is avoided. This also further increases the service life of the straightening rollers.
  • this load is a measure of the load and thus indirectly of the wear and tear to be expected from the corresponding straightening cycle, and it receives a lower value if, for example, the time interval of the force is shorter than in a straightening process with a longer time interval, for example because metal parts are of different lengths have been straightened, which otherwise have the same dimensions and consist of the same material, or it receives a higher value corresponding to a detected asymmetry of the forces.
  • individual values of forces are preferably measured which occur in the straightening machine between the two roller mills at different points Locations within the straightening machine act simultaneously, ie the asymmetric distribution of the forces - if there is one - is preferably detected. This can also be done purely quantitatively by counting when threshold values for a corresponding asymmetry of the forces are exceeded and for a time interval in which this asymmetry is above the threshold values. However, a better approximation of the actual wear-related processes can be achieved if any asymmetrical distribution of the forces and their progress over time is qualitatively recorded and, if necessary, summed up.
  • an expected value for wear of the straightening rollers is determined from the quantitatively and/or qualitatively recorded forces which act during a straightening process between the upper and the lower roller mill, from their course over time and possibly their asymmetric distribution, and after reaching a predetermined expected Threshold value, the straightening rollers are removed from the respective roller mill, turned and reinserted into the roller mill with reversed end faces and possibly also with reversed order along the straightening gap.
  • Threshold value a predetermined expected Threshold value
  • sensors are preferably provided for detecting forces which act between the upper and the lower roller mill during the straightening process. This detection of forces can in turn be done quantitatively and/or qualitatively.
  • the sensors are preferably distributed in the straightening machine so that, in addition to detecting the forces acting between the upper and lower roll frames during the straightening process, they can also quantitatively and/or qualitatively detect an asymmetric distribution of the same.
  • the studs are usually provided with sensors, in particular displacement sensors, which detect an elongation of the respective studs. It is therefore advantageous within the scope of the present invention if the sensors for detecting the forces acting between the roller mills and possibly their asymmetrical distribution are precisely those sensors which detect an elongation of the respective stud bolts and are designed, for example, as displacement sensors.
  • a collective load memory is preferably assigned to the sensors of the straightening machine according to the invention, which quantitatively and/or qualitatively record the forces acting during the straightening process between the upper and lower roll mills, their temporal progression and/or their asymmetrical distribution. This serves to store detected forces and/or to store and add up straightening cycles determined quantitatively or qualitatively from the detected forces.
  • the collective load memory can be designed in such a way that it stores the forces recorded during a straightening process and their progression over time, as well as - insofar as recorded - their asymmetric distribution and/or calculates a load and, if necessary, its asymmetric distribution from this and the calculated value as a saves the load cycle.
  • These load cycles are a measure of the wear-generating load on the straightening rolls, with an asymmetric distribution possibly being weighted into the load cycles, so that summing up the load cycles, which can be done in the collective load memory, enables the wear caused by the load to be estimated.
  • the straightening machine according to the invention is provided with a wear calculator, which is designed in such a way that it calculates a wear value from the straightening cycles or load cycles summed up in the collective load memory and, when a predetermined wear threshold value is reached, outputs a signal to turn the straightening rollers .
  • the wear calculator can be designed in such a way that it calculates an expected value for wear of the straightening rollers based on the forces stored in the collective load memory and detected by the sensors and their progression over time and, if detected, their spatial distribution calculated and outputs a signal when a predetermined expectation threshold value is reached.
  • the intermediate step of adding up the straightening cycles or the load cycles can be omitted in the latter case.
  • FIG 1 a plan view of a straightening machine of the present type is shown.
  • the actual straightening machine 1 in which the straightening rollers (not visible here) are mounted, is provided with a drive device on the drive side shown here on the right, which consists of a drive motor 2 and a gear block 3 as well as a number of cardan shafts 4, which connect the individual gear connections connect with coupling elements 5 of the straightening rollers.
  • An inlet 6 and an outlet 7 of the straightening machine are provided with an inlet roller conveyor 8 and an outlet roller conveyor 9, respectively, in order to feed flat metal parts 10 into the inlet 6 and remove them from the outlet 7 in a directed manner.
  • the straightening machine 1 has a wide inlet 6, there are quite often metal parts 10 during operation, the width of which does not correspond to the width of the inlet 6. These are then, as in figure 1 shown, off-centre, shifted towards the operating side, onto the infeed roller conveyor 8 hung up. Accordingly, when straightening the metal part 10, the straightening rollers of the straightening machine 1 are only loaded in the areas oriented towards the operating side, while those towards the in figure 1 Areas of the straightening rollers that are oriented toward the drive side shown on the right remain completely unstressed by this straightening process.
  • figure 2 shows a schematic side view of the straightening machine 1 figure 1 , seen from the operating side.
  • An upper roller frame 12 and a lower roller frame 14 are mounted in the frame 11, the two roller frames 12, 14 being connected to one another by means of four stud bolts 20.
  • the upper roller frame 12 nine upper straightening rollers 15 are presently mounted, while in the lower roller frame 14, ten lower straightening rollers 16 are presently mounted.
  • the upper and lower straightening rollers 15, 16 are each arranged in a row one behind the other in such a way that they form a straightening gap 17 between the row of the upper straightening rollers 15 and the row of the lower straightening rollers 16, which gap extends from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 through the straightening machine 1 extends.
  • a metal part is now placed in the inlet 6, it is transported through the straightening machine 1 in the straightening gap 17 between the upper straightening rollers 15 and the lower straightening rollers 16 and, in the process, alternately around the upper and lower straightening rollers 15, 16 in a serpentine upwards and downwards bent.
  • the straightening rollers 15, 16 are offset at the straightening gap 17.
  • the stud bolts 20, which connect the lower roller frame 14 to the upper roller frame 12, are firmly anchored in the lower roller frame by means of anchors 18, while they are adjustably fastened to the upper roller frame 12.
  • the adjusting devices 13 are in figure 1 to recognize; on the one hand, they are firmly connected to the upper roller frame 12 and, on the other hand, carry a counter bearing for the stud bolts 20.
  • the height of the counter bearing relative to the upper roller frame can be changed by means of the adjusting devices 13, so that the stud bolts 20 can be lengthened during a straightening process in which the Straightening gap 17 is widened by a metal part, by shifting the counter bearing can be compensated upwards by also "elongating" the mounting of the stud bolts 20 on the upper bearing block 12 in a corresponding manner.
  • the adjusting device 13 does not change the actual length of the studs 20, but only their effective length, which is proportional to the straightening gap 17, and can keep the straightening gap 17 constant.
  • the force flow of the opposing forces runs from the upper roller mill 12 via the stud bolts 20 into the lower roller mill 14.
  • the stud bolts 20 lengthen here, with the lengthening being all the more pronounced the less complex the stud bolts 20 are designed . Due to the elongation of the stud bolts 20, the straightening gap 17 widens, but this is compensated for by the adjusting device 13.
  • sensors 19 are attached to all four stud bolts 20, which in the present case are embodied as displacement sensors. Based on the values for an elongation of the studs 20 reported by the sensors 19 to a machine control, the adjusting device 13 can increase the height of the counter bearing of the studs 20 on the upper roller frame 12 accordingly, so that the effective length of the studs 20 does not change despite an elongation of the same and thus the straightening gap 17 remains constant, ie does not widen.
  • This configuration of a leveler is in itself from the EP-A-2 712 687 known.
  • the sensors 19, which are already present as displacement sensors for the adjusting device 13, can also be used to record the forces acting during a straightening process between the upper roller frame 12 and the lower roller frame 14, specifically at all four corners of the Roller mills 12, 14, namely on each stud 20.
  • the wear of the straightening rollers 15, 16 can be inferred from the values supplied by the sensors 19 in different variants.
  • completed straightening cycles can be counted, a straightening cycle being counted when a specific force in straightening gap 17 or, in the present example, a certain path of sensors 19 for the elongation of studs 20 is exceeded for a specific time interval.
  • a number of asymmetric straightening cycles are counted, which are accordingly defined by a specific asymmetry of sensor values being detected above a specific threshold and over a predefined time interval.
  • a signal is output at the controller of the straightening machine 1, which indicates that the straightening rollers 15, 16 are turned and/or in should be reversed in their order along the straightening gap 17 in order to achieve uniform wear of all straightening rollers 15, 16.
  • the extent of asymmetric wear of the straightening rollers 15, 16 can also be inferred from spatially and time-resolved measured values for the forces acting in the straightening gap, and this extent can be used as a trigger for a signal to turn and/or swap the straightening rollers 15, 16 will.
  • the straightening roller 15 In order to be able to turn the straightening rollers 15, 16, they are provided with coupling elements 5 on both end faces according to the invention.
  • FIG 3 which shows the two end faces of a straightening roller 15 according to the prior art, this is made clear:
  • the straightening roller 15 only has one of its end faces via a coupling element 5, which is designed here as a drive pin with a profiled cross-section for axial torque transmission.
  • the straightening roller 15 has a bearing journal 21 on the other end face.
  • the straightening roller 15 according to the prior art is mounted in a conventional axial bearing 22 in the associated roller frame 12 by means of this bearing journal 21 .
  • FIG. 6 Finally, in a schematic representation, FIG.
  • the straightening rollers 16 are supported against the straightening pressure in the roller mill 14 by means of the support rollers 23a, 23b, so that on the one hand the entire straightening pressure is not removed via the first bearing points 24 and the second bearing points 24 and on the other hand a deflection of the straightening rollers 16 is avoided.
  • support roller pairs 23a, 23b are not positioned symmetrically with respect to a center of an imaginary line connecting the two bearing points 24, 25 of the straightening rollers 16, but are preferably each shifted a little to the left.
  • the track of the pairs of support rollers 23a, 23b is then in a different area of the straightening rollers 16 or is slightly offset, so that here too the wear caused by the contact between the support rollers 23 and the straightening rollers 16 is evened out he follows.
  • a straightening machine 1 known per se from the prior art is used and modified according to the invention in that the straightening rollers 16, 17 are provided with coupling elements 5 on both end faces.
  • the sensors 19 that are present anyway can then be used to carry out the method according to the invention. In the simplest case, this is done in such a way that the different elongations of the four stud bolts 20, which are reported by the sensors 19, detect that a metal part 10 was placed off-center in the inlet 6 of the straightening machine 1, so that the straightening rollers 15, 16 are asymmetrical be charged.
  • These straightening cycles, which are recognized as being asymmetrical are summed up in a collective load memory. As soon as the sum reaches a predetermined threshold value, the straightening rollers 15, 16 are turned or a signal is output that should cause such a turning.
  • a wear value can be calculated from the load values, or alternatively from the load cycle totals, and when a predetermined wear threshold value is reached, a signal for turning and/or interchanging the straightening rollers 15, 16 can be output.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Richtmaschine zum Richten eines Metallbands oder von flächigen Metallteilen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Richtmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 12.The present invention relates to a straightening machine for straightening a metal strip or flat metal parts according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such a straightening machine according to the preamble of claim 12.

Eine solche Richtmaschine umfasst eine Anzahl von oberen Richtwalzen, die in einem oberen Walzenstuhl gelagert sind, und eine Anzahl von unteren Richtwalzen, die in einem unteren Walzenstuhl gelagert sind. Die oberen und unteren Richtwalzen sind so angeordnet, dass sie zwischen einem Einlauf und einem Auslauf der Richtmaschine einen Richtspalt bilden, um dort von oben und von unten auf das zu richtende Metallband oder Metallteil einzuwirken und das Metallband oder Metallteil hierbei durch die Richtmaschine zu führen. An einer Stirnseite sind die Richtwalzen mit Kupplungselementen zum Ankuppeln von Antriebswellen, meist Gelenkwellen einer Antriebsvorrichtung versehen. Schließlich sind die Richtwalzen aus dem jeweiligen Walzenstuhl entnehmbar, so dass sie nach Erreichen einer Verschleißgrenze ersetzt werden können.Such a straightening machine comprises a number of upper straightening rolls, which are mounted in an upper roll frame, and a number of lower straightening rolls, which are mounted in a lower roll frame. The upper and lower straightening rollers are arranged in such a way that they form a straightening gap between an inlet and an outlet of the straightening machine in order to act there from above and from below on the metal strip or metal part to be straightened and to guide the metal strip or metal part through the straightening machine. On one end, the straightening rollers are provided with coupling elements for coupling drive shafts, usually articulated shafts of a drive device. Finally, the straightening rollers can be removed from the respective roller mill so that they can be replaced after a wear limit has been reached.

Richtmaschinen der vorliegenden Art dienen dazu, Spannungen und Unebenheiten in Metallbändern oder Metallteilen zu beseitigen. Die oberen und unteren Richtwalzen sind entlang des Richtspalts solcherart versetzt zueinander angeordnet, dass das zu richtende Material in einer Art Schlangenlinie durch den Richtspalt geführt und hierbei an den Richtwalzen alternierend nach oben und nach unten umgebogen wird. Das Biegen erfolgt so, dass das Material zumindest an den ersten Richtwalzen über seine Streckgrenze hinaus gebogen wird, so dass unerwünschte Biegungen sowie Spannungen im Material möglichst vollständig beseitigt werden. Üblicherweise wird das Material an der ersten Richtwalze der Richtmaschine stark plastifiziert. An jeder weiteren Richtwalze wird das Material etwas weniger gebogen, und an der letzten Richtwalze wird das Material nicht mehr plastifiziert, d.h. nur noch elastisch verformt.Straightening machines of the present type are used to eliminate tension and unevenness in metal strips or metal parts. The upper and lower straightening rollers are offset from one another along the straightening gap in such a way that the material to be straightened is guided through the straightening gap in a kind of wavy line and is bent up and down alternately on the straightening rollers. The bending takes place in such a way that the material is bent beyond its yield point, at least on the first straightening rollers, so that undesired bends and stresses in the material are eliminated as completely as possible. The material is usually heavily plasticized on the first straightening roller of the leveler. At each additional straightening roller the material is slightly less bent and the material is no longer plasticized at the last straightening roller, ie it is only elastically deformed.

In der metallverarbeitenden Industrie werden oft Metallbänder verwendet, die als sogenannte Coils angeliefert und von dort zur Produktion abgewickelt werden. Durch das Aufwickeln des Bandmaterials zu Coils, aber auch durch eventuelle vorherige thermische Behandlungen und dergleichen, entstehen Unebenheiten und Spannungen im Bandmaterial, die für die Weiterverarbeitung ungünstig sind. Daher werden Metallbänder in der Regel nach ihrem Abwickeln vom Coil durch den Richtspalt einer Richtmaschine der vorliegenden Art geleitet, den sie eben und spannungsfrei verlassen.In the metalworking industry, metal strips are often used, which are delivered as so-called coils and unwound from there for production. The winding of the strip material into coils, but also any previous thermal treatments and the like, result in unevenness and tension in the strip material, which is unfavorable for further processing. Therefore, after being unwound from the coil, metal strips are generally guided through the straightening gap of a straightening machine of the present type, from which they leave flat and free of tension.

Dies ist jedoch nicht die einzige Anwendung, denn auch flächige Metallteile, die von unerwünschten Biegungen und Spannungen befreit werden sollen, werden in der Regel in einer Richtmaschine der vorliegenden Art gerichtet, um sie weiterverarbeiten zu können. Insbesondere bei solchen Teilerichtmaschinen ergeben sich durch die vorliegende Erfindung große Vorteile.However, this is not the only application, since flat metal parts that are to be freed from undesired bends and stresses are usually straightened in a straightening machine of the type in question in order to be able to process them further. Great advantages result from the present invention, particularly in the case of such part leveling machines.

Eine Richtmaschine der eingangs genannten Art ist beispielsweise aus der EP-A-2 712 687 bekannt. Diese bekannte Richtmaschine ist ebenfalls für das Richten von flächigen Metallteilen besonders geeignet und befasst sich mit dem Problem, dass sich der Richtspalt der Richtmaschine während eines Richtvorgangs aufweitet, wenn die Verbindung zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Walzenstuhl von Stehbolzen übernommen wird. Nach diesem Stand der Technik wird vorgeschlagen, die Stehbolzen mit Verstellvorrichtungen zum Verändern von deren wirksamen Länge zu versehen, so dass Veränderungen der wirksamen Länge der Stehbolzen im Betrieb, in der Regel Längungen unter Last, in Echtzeit kompensiert werden können.A leveler of the type mentioned is for example from EP-A-2 712 687 known. This known straightening machine is also particularly suitable for straightening flat metal parts and deals with the problem that the straightening gap of the straightening machine widens during a straightening process when stud bolts are used to connect the upper and lower roller frames. According to this prior art, it is proposed to provide the studs with adjusting devices for changing their effective length, so that changes in the effective length of the studs during operation, usually elongations under load, can be compensated for in real time.

Weitere Richtmaschinen der vorliegenden Art sind beispielsweise aus der EP-A-2 002 907 , die sich insbesondere mit einer Getriebeanordnung für die Richtmaschine befasst, sowie aus der EP-A- 1 491 270 bekannt.More straighteners of the present type are, for example, from EP-A-2 002 907 , which deals in particular with a gear arrangement for the leveler, and from EP-A-1 491 270 known.

Die Richtwalzen einer Richtmaschine der vorliegenden Art weisen üblicherweise an einer Stirnseite ein Kupplungselement zum Ankuppeln von Gelenkwellen der Antriebsvorrichtung auf. Dieses ist in der Regel als Kupplungszapfen mit Außenprofil ausgebildet. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite der Richtwalzen befindet sich ein Lagerzapfen für ein Axiallager im jeweiligen Walzenstuhl. Zum Entnehmen der Richtwalze aus dem Walzenstuhl wird die Gelenkwelle auf der Antriebsseite von der Richtwalze abgezogen, die zugehörige Lagerstelle gelöst und die Richtwalze aus der gegenüberliegenden Lagerstelle herausgezogen.The straightening rollers of a straightening machine of the present type usually have a coupling element on one end face for coupling cardan shafts of the drive device. This is usually designed as a coupling pin with an external profile. On the opposite end of the straightening rollers there is a bearing journal for an axial bearing in the respective roller mill. To remove the straightening roller from the roller mill, the cardan shaft on the drive side is pulled off the straightening roller, the associated bearing is loosened and the straightening roller is pulled out of the opposite bearing.

Die Richtwalzen einer Richtmaschine der vorliegenden Art sind hohen Kräften ausgesetzt und unterliegen demzufolge einem mehr oder weniger raschen Verschleiß. Wenn die Richtwalzen einen Verschleißgrad erreicht haben, der sichtbare Fehler auf der Oberfläche der zu richtenden Metallbänder oder Metallteile hinterlässt, müssen die Richtwalzen ausgetauscht werden. Aufgrund der notwendigen hohen Stabilität, Festigkeit und Maßhaltigkeit der Richtwalzen ist ein Austausch der Richtwalzen entsprechend kostenintensiv.The straightening rollers of a straightening machine of the present type are exposed to high forces and are therefore subject to more or less rapid wear. When the straightening rollers have reached a level of wear that leaves visible defects on the surface of the metal strips or metal parts to be straightened, the straightening rollers must be replaced. Due to the necessary high stability, strength and dimensional accuracy of the straightening rollers, replacing the straightening rollers is correspondingly expensive.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Richtmaschine der eingangs genannten Art sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Richtmaschine vorzuschlagen, mit der bzw. mit dem die Standzeit der Richtwalzen insbesondere dann, wenn die Richtmaschine auch zum Richten von flächigen Metallteilen verwendet wird, erhöht werden kann.The present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a straightening machine of the type mentioned at the beginning and a method for operating this straightening machine, with which the service life of the straightening rollers is increased, in particular when the straightening machine is also used for straightening flat metal parts can be.

Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe durch eine Richtmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Richtmaschine finden sich in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 10; vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Ansprüchen 12 bis 14 niedergelegt.This object is achieved by a straightening machine having the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 11. Preferred configurations of the straightening machine according to the invention can be found in claims 2 to 10; advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are laid down in claims 12 to 14.

Erfindungsgemäß ist erkannt worden, dass Richtwalzen von Richtmaschinen, die zum Richten von flächigen Metallteilen verwendet werden, besonders schnell an derjenigen Seite der Richtmaschine verschleißen, die der Antriebsvorrichtung gegenüberliegt. Dies hängt damit zusammen, dass eine Person, die die Richtmaschine bedient und die zu richtenden Metallteile in den Einlauf der Richtmaschine gibt, indem sie sie üblicherweise auf eine vor dem Einlauf angeordnete Rollenbahn oder sonstige Fördereinrichtung legt, sich hierzu auf derjenigen Seite der Richtmaschine aufhält, die der Antriebsvorrichtung gegenüberliegt. Naturgemäß werden dadurch die zu richtenden Metallteile dann, wenn sie schmaler als die Breite des Einlaufs sind, in der Regel nicht zentriert, sondern in der Nähe der Bedienperson, also auf der der Antriebsvorrichtung abgewandten Seite der Richtmaschine in den Richtspalt gelangen. Dies führt dazu, dass die Richtwalzen auf der Bedienseite der Richtmaschine schneller verschleißen als auf der Antriebsseite.According to the invention, it has been recognized that straightening rollers of straightening machines, which are used for straightening flat metal parts, wear particularly quickly on that side of the straightening machine which is opposite the drive device. This is related to the fact that a person who operates the straightening machine and puts the metal parts to be straightened into the infeed of the straightening machine, usually placing them on a roller conveyor or other conveyor device arranged in front of the infeed, staying on the side of the straightening machine opposite the drive device. Naturally, the metal parts to be straightened are not usually centered if they are narrower than the width of the infeed, but enter the straightening gap near the operator, i.e. on the side of the straightening machine facing away from the drive device. This means that the leveling rollers on the operating side of the leveler wear out more quickly than on the drive side.

Erfindungsgemäß ist weiterhin erkannt worden, dass bei einer solchen asymmetrischen Belastung der Richtwalzen und dem damit einhergehenden, im Wesentlichen einseitigen Verschleiß derselben die Standzeit der Richtwalzen ganz einfach dadurch erheblich vergrößert werden kann, dass die Richtwalzen innerhalb der Richtmaschine gewendet werden, d.h. nach einer Anzahl von durchgeführten Richtvorgängen aus dem jeweiligen Walzenstuhl entnommen, gewendet und mit vertauschten Stirnseiten wieder in den Walzenstuhl eingesetzt werden. Um dies zu ermöglichen, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, dass die Richtwalzen, die gewendet werden sollen, nicht nur an einer Stirnseite mit Kupplungselementen versehen sind, sondern an jeweils beiden Stirnseiten Kupplungselemente aufweisen. An sich ist dies in jeweils anderen Zusammenhängen aus der CN-B-104226735 , auf welche der Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 basiert, der CN-U-203235784 und der CN-U-205217654 bekannt.According to the invention, it has also been recognized that with such an asymmetric load on the straightening rollers and the associated essentially one-sided wear of the same, the service life of the straightening rollers can be significantly increased simply by turning the straightening rollers inside the straightening machine, i.e. after a number of removed from the respective roller mill after the straightening processes carried out, turned over and reinserted in the roller mill with the end faces swapped over. In order to make this possible, it is proposed according to the invention that the straightening rollers that are to be turned are not only provided with coupling elements on one end face, but rather have coupling elements on both end faces. In itself, this is in different contexts from the CN-B-104226735 , On which the preamble of claim 1 is based, of CN-U-203235784 and the CN-U-205217654 known.

Die Kupplungselemente können, wie im Stand der Technik üblich, als Antriebszapfen mit profiliertem Querschnitt zur axialen Drehmomentübertragung mittels einer aufsteckbaren Antriebswelle bzw. Gelenkwelle ausgestaltet sein; alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, die Kupplungselemente als Antriebshülsen mit profiliertem Querschnitt auszugestalten, in die entsprechend profilierte Zapfen von Antriebswellen gesteckt werden können. Beiden Alternativen ist gemeinsam, dass das An- und Abkuppeln der so ausgebildeten Richtwalzen von den Antriebswellen einer Antriebsvorrichtung mittels einer axialen Bewegung erfolgen kann.As is usual in the prior art, the coupling elements can be designed as drive pins with a profiled cross section for axial torque transmission by means of a drive shaft or articulated shaft that can be plugged on; alternatively, it can be provided that the coupling elements are in the form of drive sleeves with a profiled cross-section, into which correspondingly profiled pins of drive shafts can be inserted. What both alternatives have in common is that the straightening rollers designed in this way can be coupled and uncoupled from the drive shafts of a drive device by means of an axial movement.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße wendbare Ausgestaltung der Richtwalzen kann eine stark verbesserte Standzeit der Richtwalzen erzielt werden, wobei die Verbesserung um so größer ist, je öfter Metallteile gerichtet werden, die außermittig, in der Regel zur Bedienerseite der Richtmaschine verschoben, in den Richtspalt einlaufen. Denn durch ein turnusmäßiges Wenden der Richtwalzen werden die stärker beanspruchten und damit schneller verschleißenden Bereiche der Richtwalze gegen die weniger beanspruchten und somit weniger verschlissenen Bereiche der Richtwalze getauscht. Im Idealfall ergibt sich so eine im Wesentlichen gleichmäßige Beanspruchung der Richtwalzen.The reversible design of the straightening rollers according to the invention makes it possible to achieve a greatly improved service life of the straightening rollers, with the improvement being greater the more often metal parts are straightened that enter the straightening gap eccentrically, usually shifted to the operator side of the straightening machine. By rotating the straightening rollers, the areas of the straightening roller that are subject to greater stress and are therefore subject to faster wear are exchanged for the areas of the straightening roller that are subject to less stress and are therefore less worn. In the ideal case, this results in an essentially uniform stress on the straightening rollers.

Um die Standzeit der wendbaren Richtwalzen weiter zu erhöhen, ist es im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugt, wenn die Richtwalzen nicht nur turnusmäßig gewendet und mit vertauschten Stirnseiten wieder in den Walzenstuhl eingesetzt werden, sondern auch die Reihenfolge der Richtwalzen entlang des Richtspaltes turnusmäßig vertauscht wird. Denn es ist erkannt worden, dass die Richtwalzen beim Richtvorgang um so stärker beansprucht werden und dementsprechend um so stärker verschleißen, je näher sie am Einlauf der Richtmaschine angeordnet sind. Wird die Reihenfolge der Richtwalzen zwischen dem Einlauf und dem Auslauf der Richtmaschine regelmäßig getauscht, ergibt sich wiederum der Effekt, dass stärker belastete Richtwalzen gegen weniger belastete Richtwalzen ausgetauscht werden, so dass im Ergebnis alle Richtwalzen im Wesentlichen gleichmäßig belastet werden und gleichmäßig verschleißen.In order to further increase the service life of the reversible straightening rollers, it is preferred within the scope of the present invention if the straightening rollers are not only rotated periodically and reinserted into the roller mill with the end faces swapped over, but also the sequence of the straightening rollers along the straightening gap is reversed periodically. Because it has been recognized that the straightening rollers are subjected to greater stress during the straightening process and accordingly wear out more, the closer they are arranged to the inlet of the straightening machine. If the order of the straightening rollers between the inlet and the outlet of the straightening machine is regularly changed, the result is that straightening rollers that are subjected to higher loads are exchanged for straightening rollers that are subjected to less stress, with the result that all straightening rollers are essentially evenly loaded and wear out evenly.

Wie an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, ist es auch bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Richtmaschine bevorzugt, wenn jeder Richtwalze an ihrer dem Richtspalt abgewandten Seite mindestens zwei Stützrollenpaare zugeordnet sind, die die Richtwalzen gegen eine Durchbiegung beim Richtvorgang abstützen.As is known from the prior art, it is also preferred in a straightening machine according to the invention if each straightening roller is assigned at least two pairs of support rollers on its side facing away from the straightening gap, which support the straightening rollers against bending during the straightening process.

Naturgemäß ergibt sich hierbei in den Kontaktbereichen zwischen den Stützrollen und der Richtwalze eine erhöhte Belastung der Richtwalze, die vor allem an den stirnseitigen Kanten der Stützrollen zu erhöhtem Verschleiß führt. Es ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung daher vorgesehen, die Stützrollenpaare für jeweils eine Richtwalze solcherart anzuordnen, dass sie bezüglich einer Mitte einer gedachten Linie zwischen den beiden Lagerstellen der Richtwalze nicht symmetrisch positioniert sind. Dies führt dazu, dass nach dem Wenden der Richtwalze die Kontaktbereiche zwischen den Stützrollen und der Richtwalze sich an einer anderen Stelle der Richtwalze befinden, so dass auch insoweit ein vorzeitiger Verschleiß in diesen Kontaktbereichen und insbesondere im Bereich der stirnseitigen Kanten der Stützrollen vermieden wird. Auch dies erhöht die Standzeit der Richtwalzen weiter.Naturally, in the contact areas between the support rollers and the straightening roller, there is an increased load on the straightening roller, which leads to increased wear, especially on the front edges of the support rollers. It is therefore provided in the context of the present invention, the support roller pairs for to arrange a straightening roller in such a way that they are not positioned symmetrically with respect to a center of an imaginary line between the two bearing points of the straightening roller. This means that after the straightening roller has been turned, the contact areas between the support rollers and the straightening roller are located at a different point on the straightening roller, so that premature wear in these contact areas and in particular in the area of the front edges of the support rollers is avoided. This also further increases the service life of the straightening rollers.

Um den Turnus für das erfindungsgemäße Wenden der Richtwalzen möglichst optimal an die individuelle Belastung der Richtmaschine und ihrer Richtwalzen anzupassen, ist es im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bevorzugt, die Kräfte, die bei einem Richtvorgang zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Walzenstuhl wirken, sowie deren zeitlichen Verlauf zu erfassen und aufzusummieren. Dies kann rein quantitativ erfolgen, indem immer dann, wenn der Betrag einer Kraft, die den oberen Walzenstuhl vom unteren Walzenstuhl entfernen will, über einem bestimmten Schwellenwert liegt und gleichzeitig das Zeitintervall, in dem die Kraft über dem Schwellenwert liegt, eine vorgegebene Mindestdauer überschreitet, ein Zähler aktiviert wird, der für einen absolvierten Richtzyklus steht. Selbstverständlich ist es jedoch auch möglich, die Kräfte und/oder deren zeitlichen Verlauf qualitativ zu erfassen und durch entsprechendes Aufintegrieren eine Last zu errechnen, die beim detektierten Richtvorgang auf die Richtmaschine eingewirkt hat. Diese Last ist dementsprechend ein Maß für die Belastung und indirekt somit für den zu erwartenden Verschleiß durch den entsprechenden Richtzyklus, und sie erhält einen kleineren Wert, wenn beispielsweise das Zeitintervall der Krafteinwirkung kürzer ist als bei einem Richtvorgang mit längerem Zeitintervall, beispielsweise weil Metallteile unterschiedlicher Länge gerichtet wurden, die ansonsten die gleichen Maße aufweisen und aus demselben Material bestehen, oder sie erhält entsprechend einer detektierten Asymmetrie der Kräfte einen höheren Wert.In order to adapt the cycle for turning the straightening rollers according to the invention as optimally as possible to the individual load on the straightening machine and its straightening rollers, it is preferable within the scope of the method according to the invention to measure the forces that act between the upper and lower roller frames during a straightening process, and their timing record and summarize history. This can be done purely quantitatively by whenever the magnitude of a force that wants to remove the upper roller frame from the lower roller frame is above a certain threshold value and at the same time the time interval in which the force is above the threshold value exceeds a predetermined minimum duration, a counter is activated, which stands for a completed straightening cycle. However, it is of course also possible to qualitatively record the forces and/or their progression over time and to calculate a load by appropriate integration, which has acted on the straightening machine during the detected straightening process. Accordingly, this load is a measure of the load and thus indirectly of the wear and tear to be expected from the corresponding straightening cycle, and it receives a lower value if, for example, the time interval of the force is shorter than in a straightening process with a longer time interval, for example because metal parts are of different lengths have been straightened, which otherwise have the same dimensions and consist of the same material, or it receives a higher value corresponding to a detected asymmetry of the forces.

Bevorzugterweise werden zusätzlich Einzelwerte von Kräften vermessen, die in der Richtmaschine zwischen den beiden Walzenstühlen an unterschiedlichen Orten innerhalb der Richtmaschine gleichzeitig wirken, d.h. auch die asymmetrische Verteilung der Kräfte - soweit es eine solche gibt - wird vorzugsweise detektiert. Auch dies kann rein quantitativ geschehen, indem gezählt wird, wenn Schwellenwerte für eine entsprechende Asymmetrie der Kräfte und für ein Zeitintervall, in dem diese Asymmetrie über den Schwellenwerten liegt, überschritten werden. Eine bessere Annäherung an die tatsächlichen verschleißbedingenden Vorgänge wird man jedoch erzielen, wenn eine etwaige asymmetrische Verteilung der Kräfte und deren zeitlicher Verlauf qualitativ erfasst und gegebenenfalls aufsummiert wird.In addition, individual values of forces are preferably measured which occur in the straightening machine between the two roller mills at different points Locations within the straightening machine act simultaneously, ie the asymmetric distribution of the forces - if there is one - is preferably detected. This can also be done purely quantitatively by counting when threshold values for a corresponding asymmetry of the forces are exceeded and for a time interval in which this asymmetry is above the threshold values. However, a better approximation of the actual wear-related processes can be achieved if any asymmetrical distribution of the forces and their progress over time is qualitatively recorded and, if necessary, summed up.

Aus den quantitativ und/oder qualitativ erfassten Kräften, die bei einem Richtvorgang zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Walzenstuhl wirken, aus deren zeitlichem Verlauf sowie gegebenenfalls deren asymmetrischer Verteilung wird erfindungsgemäß ein Erwartungswert für einen Verschleiß der Richtwalzen ermittelt, und nach Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Erwartungs-Schwellenwertes werden die Richtwalzen aus dem jeweiligen Walzenstuhl entnommen, gewendet und mit vertauschten Stirnseiten sowie gegebenenfalls auch mit vertauschter Reihenfolge entlang des Richtspalts wieder in den Walzenstuhl eingesetzt. Hierbei muss eine Balance zwischen dem gewünschten, möglichst gleichmäßigen Verschleiß der Richtwalzen und der Häufigkeit des Wendevorgangs, der mit einem Maschinenstillstand verbunden ist, gefunden werden.According to the invention, an expected value for wear of the straightening rollers is determined from the quantitatively and/or qualitatively recorded forces which act during a straightening process between the upper and the lower roller mill, from their course over time and possibly their asymmetric distribution, and after reaching a predetermined expected Threshold value, the straightening rollers are removed from the respective roller mill, turned and reinserted into the roller mill with reversed end faces and possibly also with reversed order along the straightening gap. A balance must be found between the desired wear and tear of the straightening rollers that is as even as possible and the frequency of the turning process, which is associated with machine downtime.

Um die erfindungsgemäße Richtmaschine mit dem oben beschriebenen Verfahren betreiben zu können, sind vorzugsweise Sensoren zum Erfassen von Kräften vorgesehen, die beim Richtvorgang zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Walzenstuhl wirken. Dieses Erfassen von Kräften kann wiederum quantitativ und/oder qualitativ erfolgen. Vorzugsweise sind hierbei die Sensoren in der Richtmaschine verteilt, um zusätzlich zum Erfassen der beim Richtvorgang zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Walzenstuhl wirkenden Kräfte auch eine asymmetrische Verteilung derselben quantitativ und/oder qualitativ zu erfassen.In order to be able to operate the straightening machine according to the invention with the method described above, sensors are preferably provided for detecting forces which act between the upper and the lower roller mill during the straightening process. This detection of forces can in turn be done quantitatively and/or qualitatively. In this case, the sensors are preferably distributed in the straightening machine so that, in addition to detecting the forces acting between the upper and lower roll frames during the straightening process, they can also quantitatively and/or qualitatively detect an asymmetric distribution of the same.

Bei Richtmaschinen, die, wie an sich bekannt, Stehbolzen zur Verbindung der oberen und unteren Walzenstühle aufweisen, deren Längung beim Richtvorgang durch Verändern ihrer wirksamen Länge kompensiert wird, sind die Stehbolzen in der Regel mit Sensoren versehen, insbesondere Wegsensoren, die eine Längung der jeweiligen Stehbolzen detektieren. Es ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung daher vorteilhaft, wenn die Sensoren zum Erfassen der zwischen den Walzenstühlen wirkenden Kräfte und gegebenenfalls deren asymmetrischen Verteilung eben jene Sensoren sind, die eine Längung der jeweiligen Stehbolzen detektieren und beispielsweise als Wegsensoren ausgebildet sind.In straightening machines, which, as is known, have studs for connecting the upper and lower roller mills, their elongation during the straightening process is compensated by changing their effective length, the studs are usually provided with sensors, in particular displacement sensors, which detect an elongation of the respective studs. It is therefore advantageous within the scope of the present invention if the sensors for detecting the forces acting between the roller mills and possibly their asymmetrical distribution are precisely those sensors which detect an elongation of the respective stud bolts and are designed, for example, as displacement sensors.

Vorzugsweise ist den Sensoren der erfindungsgemäßen Richtmaschine, die die beim Richtvorgang zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Walzenstuhl wirkenden Kräfte, deren zeitlichen Verlauf und/oder deren asymmetrische Verteilung quantitativ und/oder qualitativ erfassen, ein Lastkollektivspeicher zugeordnet. Dieser dient zum Abspeichern von erfassten Kräften und/oder zum Abspeichern und Aufsummieren von aus den erfassten Kräften quantitativ oder qualitativ ermittelten Richtzyklen.A collective load memory is preferably assigned to the sensors of the straightening machine according to the invention, which quantitatively and/or qualitatively record the forces acting during the straightening process between the upper and lower roll mills, their temporal progression and/or their asymmetrical distribution. This serves to store detected forces and/or to store and add up straightening cycles determined quantitatively or qualitatively from the detected forces.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Lastkollektivspeicher so ausgebildet sein, dass er die bei einem Richtvorgang erfassten Kräfte und deren zeitlichen Verlauf, sowie - insoweit erfasst - deren asymmetrische Verteilung abspeichert und/oder hieraus jeweils eine Last und gegebenenfalls deren asymmetrische Verteilung errechnet und den errechneten Wert als Lastzyklus abspeichert. Diese Lastzyklen sind ein Maß für die verschleißerzeugende Belastung der Richtwalzen, wobei gegebenenfalls eine asymmetrische Verteilung gewichtet in die Lastzyklen einfließt, so dass ein Aufsummieren der Lastzyklen, das im Lastkollektivspeicher erfolgen kann, eine Abschätzung des durch die Last erzeugten Verschleißes ermöglicht.Alternatively or additionally, the collective load memory can be designed in such a way that it stores the forces recorded during a straightening process and their progression over time, as well as - insofar as recorded - their asymmetric distribution and/or calculates a load and, if necessary, its asymmetric distribution from this and the calculated value as a saves the load cycle. These load cycles are a measure of the wear-generating load on the straightening rolls, with an asymmetric distribution possibly being weighted into the load cycles, so that summing up the load cycles, which can be done in the collective load memory, enables the wear caused by the load to be estimated.

Hierbei gibt es mehrere Genauigkeitsstufen; ein reines Zählen von Belastungen oberhalb einer Belastungsschwelle, die zu einer bestimmten Anzahl von Richtzyklen führt, welche im Lastkollektivspeicher aufsummiert werden, lässt bereits eine grobe Abschätzung des durch die Richtvorgänge hervorgerufenen Verschleißes der Richtwalzen zu, während eine qualitative Erfassung der Belastung durch eine qualitative Erfassung und Auswertung der ortsaufgelöst wirkenden Kräfte und deren zeitlichen Verlauf zum Errechnen von Lastzyklen, die im Lastkollektivspeicher aufsummiert werden, die tatsächlichen Verhältnisse beim Verschleiß der Richtwalzen genauer abbildet.There are several levels of accuracy; a pure counting of loads above a load threshold, which leads to a certain number of straightening cycles, which are summed up in the load collective memory, already allows a rough estimation of the wear of the straightening rolls caused by the straightening processes, while a qualitative recording of the load by a qualitative recording and Evaluation of the spatially resolved effects Forces and their development over time to calculate load cycles, which are summed up in the load spectrum memory, more precisely depict the actual conditions when the straightening rolls are worn.

In jedem Fall ist es bevorzugt, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Richtmaschine mit einem Verschleißrechner versehen ist, der solcherart ausgebildet ist, dass er aus den im Lastkollektivspeicher aufsummierten Richtzyklen oder Lastzyklen einen Verschleißwert errechnet und bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Verschleiß-Schwellenwertes ein Signal zum Wenden der Richtwalzen ausgibt. Alternativ kann der Verschleißrechner, um näher an den tatsächlichen Gegebenheiten zu sein, solcherart ausgebildet sein, dass er anhand der im Lastkollektivspeicher abgespeicherten, von den Sensoren erfassten Kräften und deren zeitlichen Verlauf sowie, wenn erfasst, deren räumlichen Verteilung einen Erwartungswert für einen Verschleiß der Richtwalzen errechnet und bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Erwartungs-Schwellenwertes ein Signal ausgibt. Der Zwischenschritt eines Aufsummierens der Richtzyklen bzw. der Lastzyklen kann im letzteren Fall entfallen.In any case, it is preferred if the straightening machine according to the invention is provided with a wear calculator, which is designed in such a way that it calculates a wear value from the straightening cycles or load cycles summed up in the collective load memory and, when a predetermined wear threshold value is reached, outputs a signal to turn the straightening rollers . Alternatively, in order to be closer to the actual conditions, the wear calculator can be designed in such a way that it calculates an expected value for wear of the straightening rollers based on the forces stored in the collective load memory and detected by the sensors and their progression over time and, if detected, their spatial distribution calculated and outputs a signal when a predetermined expectation threshold value is reached. The intermediate step of adding up the straightening cycles or the load cycles can be omitted in the latter case.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete Richtmaschine wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Richtmaschine der vorliegenden Art von oben;
Figur 2
eine schematische Frontansicht einer erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Richtmaschine
Figur 3
Detailansichten der Stirnseiten einer Richtwalze nach dem Stand der Technik;
Figur 4
eine Lagerstelle einer Richtwalze nach dem Stand der Technik;
Figur 5
eine Lagerstelle einer Richtwalze in einer erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Richtmaschine;
Figur 6
eine schematische Darstellung von Richtwalzen mit zugehörigen Stützrollen.
An exemplary embodiment of a straightening machine designed according to the invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
figure 1
a schematic plan view of a straightening machine of the present type from above;
figure 2
a schematic front view of a straightening machine designed according to the invention
figure 3
Detailed views of the end faces of a straightening roll according to the prior art;
figure 4
a bearing point of a straightening roll according to the prior art;
figure 5
a bearing point of a straightening roller in a straightening machine designed according to the invention;
figure 6
a schematic representation of straightening rollers with associated support rollers.

In Figur 1 ist eine Draufsicht auf eine Richtmaschine der vorliegenden Art dargestellt. Die eigentliche Richtmaschine 1, in der die (hier nicht sichtbaren) Richtwalzen gelagert sind, ist auf einer hier rechts dargestellten Antriebsseite mit einer Antriebsvorrichtung versehen, die aus einem Antriebsmotor 2 und einem Getriebeblock 3 sowie einer Anzahl von Gelenkwellen 4 besteht, die die einzelnen Getriebeanschlüsse mit Kupplungselementen 5 der Richtwalzen verbinden.In figure 1 a plan view of a straightening machine of the present type is shown. The actual straightening machine 1, in which the straightening rollers (not visible here) are mounted, is provided with a drive device on the drive side shown here on the right, which consists of a drive motor 2 and a gear block 3 as well as a number of cardan shafts 4, which connect the individual gear connections connect with coupling elements 5 of the straightening rollers.

Ein Einlauf 6 und ein Auslauf 7 der Richtmaschine sind mit einer Einlaufrollenbahn 8 bzw. einer Auslaufrollenbahn 9 versehen, um flächige Metallteile 10 in den Einlauf 6 zu geben bzw. aus dem Auslauf 7 gerichtet zu entnehmen.An inlet 6 and an outlet 7 of the straightening machine are provided with an inlet roller conveyor 8 and an outlet roller conveyor 9, respectively, in order to feed flat metal parts 10 into the inlet 6 and remove them from the outlet 7 in a directed manner.

Von der eigentlichen Richtmaschine 1 sind lediglich ein Rahmen 11 und ein oberer Walzenstuhl 12 sowie Verstellvorrichtungen 13 für (hier nicht sichtbare) Stehbolzen zu erkennen. Die Darstellung in Figur 1 beleuchtet die Problematik bei Teilerichtmaschinen, die die erfindungsgemäßen Erkenntnisse veranlasst und letztendlich zur vorliegenden Erfindung geführt hat:
Die in Figur 1 angedeutete Bedienperson hat die Aufgabe, das zu richtende Metallteil 10 in den Einlauf 6 zu geben und nach dem Richtvorgang aus dem Auslauf 7 wieder zu entnehmen. Hierzu legt sie das Metallteil 10, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, naturgemäß so auf die Einlaufrollenbahn 8, dass es nahe der Bedienseite, also der in Figur 1 links dargestellten Seite der Richtmaschine 1 zu liegen kommt. Wenn die Richtmaschine 1, wie im vorliegenden Beispiel, einen breiten Einlauf 6 aufweist, gibt es im Betrieb recht oft Metallteile 10, deren Breite nicht der Breite des Einlaufs 6 entspricht. Diese werden dann, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, außermittig, zur Bedienseite hin verschoben, auf die Einlaufrollenbahn 8 aufgelegt. Dementsprechend werden die Richtwalzen der Richtmaschine 1 beim Richten des Metallteils 10 nur in den zur Bedienseite hin orientierten Bereichen belastet, während die zur in Figur 1 rechts dargestellten Antriebsseite hin orientierten Bereiche der Richtwalzen von diesem Richtvorgang völlig unbelastet bleiben.
Only a frame 11 and an upper roller frame 12 and adjustment devices 13 for studs (not visible here) can be seen from the actual straightening machine 1 . The representation in figure 1 sheds light on the problem with part leveling machines, which prompted the findings according to the invention and ultimately led to the present invention:
In the figure 1 The operator indicated has the task of placing the metal part 10 to be straightened into the inlet 6 and removing it from the outlet 7 again after the straightening process. To do this, she places the metal part 10, as shown in figure 1 shown, naturally so on the infeed roller conveyor 8 that it is close to the operating side, i.e. the in figure 1 left shown side of the leveler 1 comes to rest. If the straightening machine 1, as in the present example, has a wide inlet 6, there are quite often metal parts 10 during operation, the width of which does not correspond to the width of the inlet 6. These are then, as in figure 1 shown, off-centre, shifted towards the operating side, onto the infeed roller conveyor 8 hung up. Accordingly, when straightening the metal part 10, the straightening rollers of the straightening machine 1 are only loaded in the areas oriented towards the operating side, while those towards the in figure 1 Areas of the straightening rollers that are oriented toward the drive side shown on the right remain completely unstressed by this straightening process.

Figur 2 zeigt eine schematische seitliche Ansicht der Richtmaschine 1 aus Figur 1, von der Bedienseite her gesehen. Im Rahmen 11 sind ein oberer Walzenstuhl 12 und ein unterer Walzenstuhl 14 gelagert, wobei die beiden Walzenstühle 12, 14 über mit vier Stehbolzen 20 miteinander verbunden sind. figure 2 shows a schematic side view of the straightening machine 1 figure 1 , seen from the operating side. An upper roller frame 12 and a lower roller frame 14 are mounted in the frame 11, the two roller frames 12, 14 being connected to one another by means of four stud bolts 20.

Im oberen Walzenstuhl 12 sind vorliegend neun obere Richtwalzen 15 gelagert, während im unteren Walzenstuhl 14 vorliegend zehn untere Richtwalzen 16 gelagert sind. Die oberen und unteren Richtwalzen 15, 16 sind jeweils solcherart in Reihe hintereinander angeordnet, dass sie zwischen der Reihe der oberen Richtwalzen 15 und der Reihe der unteren Richtwalzen 16 einen Richtspalt 17 bilden, der sich vom Einlauf 6 bis zum Auslauf 7 durch die Richtmaschine 1 erstreckt. Wird nun ein Metallteil in den Einlauf 6 gegeben, wird es im Richtspalt 17 zwischen den oberen Richtwalzen 15 und den unteren Richtwalzen 16 durch die Richtmaschine 1 transportiert und hierbei alternierend um die oberen und unteren Richtwalzen 15, 16 in einer Schlangenlinie nach oben und nach unten gebogen. Zu diesem Zweck sind die Richtwalzen 15, 16 am Richtspalt 17 versetzt angeordnet.In the upper roller frame 12, nine upper straightening rollers 15 are presently mounted, while in the lower roller frame 14, ten lower straightening rollers 16 are presently mounted. The upper and lower straightening rollers 15, 16 are each arranged in a row one behind the other in such a way that they form a straightening gap 17 between the row of the upper straightening rollers 15 and the row of the lower straightening rollers 16, which gap extends from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7 through the straightening machine 1 extends. If a metal part is now placed in the inlet 6, it is transported through the straightening machine 1 in the straightening gap 17 between the upper straightening rollers 15 and the lower straightening rollers 16 and, in the process, alternately around the upper and lower straightening rollers 15, 16 in a serpentine upwards and downwards bent. For this purpose, the straightening rollers 15, 16 are offset at the straightening gap 17.

Die Stehbolzen 20, die den unteren Walzenstuhl 14 mit dem oberen Walzenstuhl 12 verbinden, sind im unteren Walzenstuhl mittels Verankerungen 18 fest verankert, während sie am oberen Walzenstuhl 12 verstellbar befestigt sind. Die Verstellvorrichtungen 13 sind in Figur 1 zu erkennen; sie sind einerseits fest mit dem oberen Walzenstuhl 12 verbunden und tragen andererseits ein Gegenlager für die Stehbolzen 20. Die Höhe des Gegenlagers gegenüber dem oberen Walzenstuhl kann mittels der Verstellvorrichtungen 13 verändert werden, so dass eine Längung der Stehbolzen 20 während eines Richtvorgangs, bei dem der Richtspalt 17 durch ein Metallteil aufgeweitet wird, durch ein Verlagern der Gegenlager nach oben kompensiert werden kann, indem auch die Lagerung der Stehbolzen 20 am oberen Lagerstuhl 12 in entsprechender Weise "gelängt" wird. Insofern verändert die Verstellvorrichtung 13 nicht die eigentliche Länge der Stehbolzen 20, sondern lediglich deren wirksame Länge, die proportional zum Richtspalt 17 ist, und kann den Richtspalt 17 so konstant halten.The stud bolts 20, which connect the lower roller frame 14 to the upper roller frame 12, are firmly anchored in the lower roller frame by means of anchors 18, while they are adjustably fastened to the upper roller frame 12. The adjusting devices 13 are in figure 1 to recognize; on the one hand, they are firmly connected to the upper roller frame 12 and, on the other hand, carry a counter bearing for the stud bolts 20. The height of the counter bearing relative to the upper roller frame can be changed by means of the adjusting devices 13, so that the stud bolts 20 can be lengthened during a straightening process in which the Straightening gap 17 is widened by a metal part, by shifting the counter bearing can be compensated upwards by also "elongating" the mounting of the stud bolts 20 on the upper bearing block 12 in a corresponding manner. In this respect, the adjusting device 13 does not change the actual length of the studs 20, but only their effective length, which is proportional to the straightening gap 17, and can keep the straightening gap 17 constant.

Beim Durchlauf eines Metallteils 10 durch den Richtspalt 17 läuft der Kraftfluss der Gegenkräfte vom oberen Walzenstuhl 12 über die Stehbolzen 20 in den unteren Walzenstuhl 14. Die Stehbolzen 20 längen sich hierbei, wobei die Längung um so ausgeprägter ist, je unaufwändiger die Stehbolzen 20 ausgebildet sind. Durch die Längung der Stehbolzen 20 weitet sich der Richtspalt 17 auf, was jedoch durch die Verstellvorrichtung 13 kompensiert wird.When a metal part 10 passes through the straightening gap 17, the force flow of the opposing forces runs from the upper roller mill 12 via the stud bolts 20 into the lower roller mill 14. The stud bolts 20 lengthen here, with the lengthening being all the more pronounced the less complex the stud bolts 20 are designed . Due to the elongation of the stud bolts 20, the straightening gap 17 widens, but this is compensated for by the adjusting device 13.

Um eine solche Kompensation in Echtzeit durchzuführen und den Richtspalt 17 konstant zu halten, sind an allen vier Stehbolzen 20 Sensoren 19 angebracht, die vorliegend als Wegsensoren ausgebildet sind. Aufgrund der von den Sensoren 19 an eine Maschinensteuerung gemeldeten Werten für eine Längung der Stehbolzen 20 kann die Verstellvorrichtung 13 die Höhe des Gegenlagers der Stehbolzen 20 am oberen Walzenstuhl 12 entsprechend vergrößern, so dass die wirksame Länge der Stehbolzen 20 sich trotz einer Längung derselben nicht verändert und somit der Richtspalt 17 konstant bleibt, d.h. sich nicht aufweitet. Diese Ausgestaltung einer Richtmaschine ist an sich aus der EP-A- 2 712 687 bekannt.In order to carry out such a compensation in real time and to keep the straightening gap 17 constant, sensors 19 are attached to all four stud bolts 20, which in the present case are embodied as displacement sensors. Based on the values for an elongation of the studs 20 reported by the sensors 19 to a machine control, the adjusting device 13 can increase the height of the counter bearing of the studs 20 on the upper roller frame 12 accordingly, so that the effective length of the studs 20 does not change despite an elongation of the same and thus the straightening gap 17 remains constant, ie does not widen. This configuration of a leveler is in itself from the EP-A-2 712 687 known.

Erfindungsgemäß können nun die Sensoren 19, die als Wegsensoren für die Verstellvorrichtung 13 ohnehin vorhanden sind, außerdem dazu verwendet werden, die bei einem Richtvorgang zwischen dem oberen Walzenstuhl 12 und dem unteren Walzenstuhl 14 wirkenden Kräfte zu erfassen, und zwar ortsaufgelöst an allen vier Ecken der Walzenstühle 12, 14, nämlich an jedem Stehbolzen 20.According to the invention, the sensors 19, which are already present as displacement sensors for the adjusting device 13, can also be used to record the forces acting during a straightening process between the upper roller frame 12 and the lower roller frame 14, specifically at all four corners of the Roller mills 12, 14, namely on each stud 20.

Somit kann anhand der Werte, die die Sensoren 19 liefern, auf Kräfte geschlossen werden, die im Richtspalt 17 herrschen, sowie deren zeitlicher Verlauf - zumindest das Zeitintervall, in dem sie wirken - erfasst und gegebenenfalls auch auf eine asymmetrische Verteilung der Kräfte geschlossen werden.Thus, based on the values supplied by the sensors 19, conclusions can be drawn as to the forces that prevail in the straightening gap 17 and their progress over time. at least the time interval in which they act - can be recorded and, if necessary, an asymmetrical distribution of the forces can also be concluded.

Je nach gewünschter Genauigkeit kann aus den von den Sensoren 19 gelieferten Werten in verschiedenen Varianten auf den Verschleiß der Richtwalzen 15, 16 geschlossen werden.Depending on the desired accuracy, the wear of the straightening rollers 15, 16 can be inferred from the values supplied by the sensors 19 in different variants.

Beispielsweise können absolvierte Richtzyklen gezählt werden, wobei ein Richtzyklus dann gezählt wird, wenn eine bestimmte Kraft im Richtspalt 17, bzw. im vorliegenden Beispiel ein gewisser Weg der Sensoren 19 für die Längung der Stehbolzen 20 für die Dauer eines bestimmten Zeitintervalls überschritten wird. Oder es wird eine Anzahl von asymmetrischen Richtzyklen gezählt, die dementsprechend dadurch definiert werden, dass eine bestimmte Asymmetrie von Sensorwerten über einer bestimmten Schwelle und über ein vorgegebenes Zeitintervall hinweg detektiert wird.For example, completed straightening cycles can be counted, a straightening cycle being counted when a specific force in straightening gap 17 or, in the present example, a certain path of sensors 19 for the elongation of studs 20 is exceeded for a specific time interval. Or a number of asymmetric straightening cycles are counted, which are accordingly defined by a specific asymmetry of sensor values being detected above a specific threshold and over a predefined time interval.

Wird die aufsummierte Anzahl von Richtzyklen und/oder die aufsummierte Anzahl von asymmetrischen Richtzyklen so groß, dass ein vorgegebener Schwellenwert erreicht wird, wird an der Steuerung der Richtmaschine 1 ein Signal ausgegeben, das anzeigt, dass die Richtwalzen 15, 16 gewendet und/oder in ihrer Reihenfolge entlang des Richtspalts 17 vertauscht werden sollen, um einen gleichmäßigen Verschleiß aller Richtwalzen 15, 16 zu erzielen.If the cumulative number of straightening cycles and/or the cumulative number of asymmetric straightening cycles is so large that a predetermined threshold value is reached, a signal is output at the controller of the straightening machine 1, which indicates that the straightening rollers 15, 16 are turned and/or in should be reversed in their order along the straightening gap 17 in order to achieve uniform wear of all straightening rollers 15, 16.

Es kann aber auch aus orts- und zeitaufgelöst gemessenen Werten für die im Richtspalt wirkenden Kräfte auf ein Ausmaß eines asymmetrischen Verschleißes der Richtwalzen 15, 16 geschlossen werden und dieses Ausmaß als Auslöser für ein Signal zum Wenden und/oder Tauschen der Richtwalzen 15, 16 verwendet werden.However, the extent of asymmetric wear of the straightening rollers 15, 16 can also be inferred from spatially and time-resolved measured values for the forces acting in the straightening gap, and this extent can be used as a trigger for a signal to turn and/or swap the straightening rollers 15, 16 will.

Um die Richtwalzen 15, 16 wenden zu können, sind diese erfindungsgemäß an beiden Stirnseiten mit Kupplungselementen 5 versehen. Anhand Figur 3, die die beiden Stirnseiten einer Richtwalze 15 nach dem Stand der Technik zeigt, wird dies verdeutlicht: Nach dem Stand der Technik verfügt die Richtwalze 15 nur an einer ihrer Stirnseiten über ein Kupplungselement 5, welches vorliegend als Antriebszapfen mit profiliertem Querschnitt zur axialen Drehmomentübertragung ausgebildet ist. An der anderen Stirnseite weist die Richtwalze 15 nach dem Stand der Technik einen Lagerzapfen 21 auf.In order to be able to turn the straightening rollers 15, 16, they are provided with coupling elements 5 on both end faces according to the invention. Based figure 3 , which shows the two end faces of a straightening roller 15 according to the prior art, this is made clear: According to the prior art, the straightening roller 15 only has one of its end faces via a coupling element 5, which is designed here as a drive pin with a profiled cross-section for axial torque transmission. According to the prior art, the straightening roller 15 has a bearing journal 21 on the other end face.

Wie Figur 4 zeigt, ist die Richtwalze 15 nach dem Stand der Technik mittels dieses Lagerzapfens 21 im zugehörigen Walzenstuhl 12 in einem herkömmlichen Axiallager 22 gelagert.As figure 4 shows, the straightening roller 15 according to the prior art is mounted in a conventional axial bearing 22 in the associated roller frame 12 by means of this bearing journal 21 .

Um nun die erfindungsgemäße Wendbarkeit der Richtwalzen 15, 16 zu ermöglichen, werden diese an beiden Stirnseiten mit Kupplungselementen 5 versehen, was eine Modifizierung der Lagerung der Richtwalzen 15, 16 in ihren Walzenstühlen 12, 14 notwendig macht, wie sie in Figur 5 dargestellt ist. Das Axiallager 22, das im Stand der Technik an einer Außenseite des Walzenstuhl 12 angeordnet ist, musste, wie in Figur 5 dargestellt, auf die Innenseite des Walzenstuhls 12 bzw. 14 verlagert werden.In order to enable the turning of the straightening rollers 15, 16 according to the invention, they are provided with coupling elements 5 on both end faces, which makes it necessary to modify the bearing of the straightening rollers 15, 16 in their roller mills 12, 14, as is shown in figure 5 is shown. As in figure 5 shown, are shifted to the inside of the roller mill 12 and 14 respectively.

Figur 6 zeigt schließlich in einer schematischen Darstellung eine Reihe von unteren Richtwalzen 16 sowie zwei Paar zugehörige Stützrollen 23a und 23b. Mittels der Stützrollen 23a, 23b werden die Richtwalzen 16 gegen den Richtdruck im Walzenstuhl 14 abgestützt, so dass sich einerseits nicht der gesamte Richtdruck über die ersten Lagerstellen 24 und die zweiten Lagerstellen 24 abträgt und andererseits eine Durchbiegung der Richtwalzen 16 vermieden wird. figure 6 Finally, in a schematic representation, FIG. The straightening rollers 16 are supported against the straightening pressure in the roller mill 14 by means of the support rollers 23a, 23b, so that on the one hand the entire straightening pressure is not removed via the first bearing points 24 and the second bearing points 24 and on the other hand a deflection of the straightening rollers 16 is avoided.

Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Stützrollenpaare 23a, 23b bezüglich einer Mitte einer gedachten Linie, die die beiden Lagerstellen 24, 25 der Richtwalzen 16 verbindet, nicht symmetrisch positioniert, sondern bevorzugt jeweils ein Stück nach links verschoben. Durch ein Wenden der Richtwalzen 16 befindet sich daher die Spur der Stützrollenpaare 23a, 23b dann in einem anderen Bereich der Richtwalzen 16 bzw. ist etwas versetzt, so dass auch hier eine Vergleichmäßigung des durch den Kontakt zwischen den Stützrollen 23 und den Richtwalzen 16 erzeugten Verschleißes erfolgt.According to the present invention, support roller pairs 23a, 23b are not positioned symmetrically with respect to a center of an imaginary line connecting the two bearing points 24, 25 of the straightening rollers 16, but are preferably each shifted a little to the left. By turning the straightening rollers 16, the track of the pairs of support rollers 23a, 23b is then in a different area of the straightening rollers 16 or is slightly offset, so that here too the wear caused by the contact between the support rollers 23 and the straightening rollers 16 is evened out he follows.

Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel wird also eine an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Richtmaschine 1 verwendet und erfindungsgemäß dadurch modifiziert, dass die Richtwalzen 16, 17 an jeweils beiden Stirnseiten mit Kupplungselementen 5 versehen werden. Die ohnehin vorhandenen Sensoren 19 können dann für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens verwendet werden. Im einfachsten Fall erfolgt dies so, dass durch unterschiedliche Dehnungen der vier Stehbolzen 20, die von den Sensoren 19 gemeldet werden, erkannt wird, dass ein Metallteil 10 außermittig in den Einlauf 6 der Richtmaschine 1 gegeben wurde, so dass die Richtwalzen 15, 16 asymmetrisch belastet werden. Diese als asymmetrisch erkannten Richtzyklen werden in einem Lastkollektivspeicher aufsummiert. Sobald die Summe einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert erreicht, werden die Richtwalzen 15, 16 gewendet bzw. ein Signal ausgegeben, dass ein solches Wenden veranlassen soll.In the present exemplary embodiment, a straightening machine 1 known per se from the prior art is used and modified according to the invention in that the straightening rollers 16, 17 are provided with coupling elements 5 on both end faces. The sensors 19 that are present anyway can then be used to carry out the method according to the invention. In the simplest case, this is done in such a way that the different elongations of the four stud bolts 20, which are reported by the sensors 19, detect that a metal part 10 was placed off-center in the inlet 6 of the straightening machine 1, so that the straightening rollers 15, 16 are asymmetrical be charged. These straightening cycles, which are recognized as being asymmetrical, are summed up in a collective load memory. As soon as the sum reaches a predetermined threshold value, the straightening rollers 15, 16 are turned or a signal is output that should cause such a turning.

Da die Sensoren 19 allerdings in der Lage sind, Werte zu liefern, die den im Richtspalt 17 herrschenden Kräften orts- und zeitaufgelöst proportional sind, können aus diesen Werten auch genauere Lastwerte für die mit Verschleiß verbundene Belastung der Richtwalzen 15, 16 errechnet und gegebenenfalls mit Asymmetrien gewichtet sowie zusammengefasst als Lastzyklen abgespeichert und aufsummiert werden. Aus den Lastwerten, oder wahlweise aus den Lastzyklen-Summen, kann ein Verschleißwert errechnet und bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Verschleiß-Schwellenwerts ein Signal zum Wenden und/oder Vertauschen der Richtwalzen 15, 16 ausgegeben werden.However, since the sensors 19 are able to supply values that are proportional to the forces prevailing in the leveling gap 17 with spatial and time resolution, more precise load values for the load on the leveling rollers 15, 16 associated with wear can also be calculated from these values and, if necessary, Asymmetries are weighted and saved and summed up as load cycles. A wear value can be calculated from the load values, or alternatively from the load cycle totals, and when a predetermined wear threshold value is reached, a signal for turning and/or interchanging the straightening rollers 15, 16 can be output.

Claims (14)

  1. Straightening machine for straightening a metal strip or planar metal parts (10),
    having a number of upper straightening rollers (15) mounted in an upper roller mill (12), and a number of lower straightening rollers (16) mounted in a lower roller mill (14),
    wherein the upper and lower straightening rollers (15, 16) are disposed so as to form a straightening gap (17) between an inlet (6) and an outlet (7) of the straightening machine (1) in order to act from above and from below on the metal strip or metal part (10) to be straightened and to guide the metal strip or metal part through the straightening machine (1),
    wherein the straightening rollers (15, 16) are provided with coupling elements (5) disposed on an end side for coupling drive shafts of a drive device (2, 3, 4),
    wherein the straightening rollers (15, 16) are removable from the respective roller mill (12, 14),
    and wherein at least some of the straightening rollers (15, 16) are provided with coupling elements (5) on both of their end sides, characterised in that
    each straightening roller (15, 16), on its side facing away from the straightening gap (17), is assigned at least two support roller pairs (23) which are positioned asymmetrically in relation to a centre of an imaginary line that connects a first bearing location (24) and a second bearing location (25) of the straightening roller (15, 16).
  2. Straightening machine according to claim 1, wherein the coupling elements (5) of the straightening rollers (15, 16) are configured as drive studs or drive sockets having a profiled cross section for axial transmission of torque.
  3. Straightening machine according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, wherein sensors (19) are provided for detecting forces which act in the straightening procedure between the upper and the lower roller mill (12, 14).
  4. Straightening machine according to claim 3, wherein the sensors (19) are distributed in the straightening machine (1) in order, in addition to detecting the forces which act in the straightening procedure between the upper and the lower roller mill (12, 14), to also detect an asymmetrical distribution of said forces.
  5. Straightening machine according to any of claims 3 or 4, wherein the upper and the lower roller mill (12, 14) are interconnected by a number of stay bolts (20), and wherein at least some of the stay bolts (20) are provided with sensors (19) that detect an elongation of the respective stay bolts (20).
  6. Straightening machine according to claim 5, wherein the sensors (19) are configured as displacement sensors.
  7. Straightening machine according to at least one of claims 3 to 6, wherein a load spectrum memory is assigned to the sensors (19) in order to store detected forces and/or store and add up straightening cycles that are determined from the detected forces.
  8. Straightening machine according to at least one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the load spectrum memory is configured such that it stores the forces detected in a straightening procedure and their temporal profile and, when detected, their asymmetrical distribution and/or in each case computes a load and, when detected, an asymmetrical distribution of the load from the forces detected in the straightening procedure and from their temporal profile, stores the latter as a load cycle, and adds up the load cycles.
  9. Straightening machine according to any of claims 7 or 8, wherein the straightening machine (1) is provided with a wear computer configured such that it computes a wear value from the straightening cycles or load cycles added up in the load spectrum memory and emits a signal when a predefined wear threshold value is reached.
  10. Straightening machine according to any of claims 7 or 8, wherein the straightening machine (1) is provided with a wear computer configured, on the basis of the forces detected by the sensors (19) and stored in the load spectrum memory and their temporal profile and, when detected, their spatial distribution, such that it computes an expected value for wear of the straightening rollers (15, 16) and emits a signal when a predefined expected threshold value is reached.
  11. Method for operating a straightening machine (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10,
    wherein the straightening rollers (15, 16) are removed from the respective roller mill (12, 14) on a rotational basis after a number of performed straightening procedures, turned over and reinserted into the roller mill (12, 14) with their end sides reversed.
  12. Method according to claim 11, wherein forces that act between the upper and the lower roller mill (12,14) in a straightening procedure and/or the asymmetry of said forces are detected, and wherein the performed straightening procedures are counted as straightening cycles, and wherein the straightening rollers (15, 16) are removed from the respective roller mill (12, 14), turned over and reinserted into the roller mill (12, 14) with their end sides reversed after a predefined straightening cycle threshold value for the number of performed straightening procedures is reached.
  13. Method according to claim 11, wherein, on the basis of detection and adding up of forces that act between the upper and the lower roller mill (12, 14) in a straightening procedure, and their temporal profile as well as, when detected, their asymmetrical distribution, an expected value for wear of the straightening rollers (15,16) is determined, and after a predefined expected threshold value is reached, the straightening rollers (15, 16) are removed from the respective roller mill (12, 14), turned over and reinserted into the roller mill (12, 14) with their end sides reversed.
  14. Method according to any of claims 12 or 13, wherein the straightening rollers (15, 16) are not only turned over and reinserted into the roller mill (12,14) with their end sides reversed, but also the order of the straightening rollers (15, 16) along the straightening gap (17) is reversed.
EP18168224.6A 2017-05-18 2018-04-19 Straightening machine and method for operating the same Active EP3403737B1 (en)

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JPWO2013121891A1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2015-05-11 スチールプランテック株式会社 Roller leveler and plate straightening method
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DE102012217493A1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2014-05-28 Kohler Maschinenbau Gmbh straightener
CN203235784U (en) * 2013-04-26 2013-10-16 武汉钢实热轧协力有限责任公司 Plate straightening machine driving device
CN104226735B (en) * 2014-07-15 2016-08-17 海联锯业有限公司 A kind of metallic plate roller type leveler
CN205217654U (en) * 2015-11-17 2016-05-11 浙江三瑞铜业有限公司 Copper strips leveling roller

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Publication number Publication date
EP3403737A3 (en) 2018-11-28
CN108941251B (en) 2022-01-07
DE102017110891B3 (en) 2018-07-12
US20180333758A1 (en) 2018-11-22
EP3403737A2 (en) 2018-11-21
CN108941251A (en) 2018-12-07
PL3403737T3 (en) 2022-10-03

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