EP3398189B1 - Procédé destiné à l'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques du bois de résonance d'épicea - Google Patents

Procédé destiné à l'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques du bois de résonance d'épicea Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3398189B1
EP3398189B1 EP16829090.6A EP16829090A EP3398189B1 EP 3398189 B1 EP3398189 B1 EP 3398189B1 EP 16829090 A EP16829090 A EP 16829090A EP 3398189 B1 EP3398189 B1 EP 3398189B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
vitreus
sound
spruce
liquid medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP16829090.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3398189A1 (fr
Inventor
Francis Schwarze
Markus HEEB
Marjan GILANI
Sébastien Josset
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
Original Assignee
Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP16164755.7A external-priority patent/EP3232432A1/fr
Application filed by Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA filed Critical Eidgenoessische Materialprufungs und Forschungsanstalt EMPA
Publication of EP3398189A1 publication Critical patent/EP3398189A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3398189B1 publication Critical patent/EP3398189B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D3/00—Details of, or accessories for, stringed musical instruments, e.g. slide-bars
    • G10D3/22—Material for manufacturing stringed musical instruments; Treatment of the material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the acoustic properties of spruce tonewood for musical instruments.
  • Sound wood for musical instruments should be as light as possible, but at the same time have a high modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity or Young's modulus) and a high speed of sound. It should also be free of knots and have narrow, homogeneous tree rings and a low proportion of latewood ( ⁇ 20%). Only a few, carefully selected wood assortments meet these strict quality criteria.
  • the (acoustic) material quality of sound wood is generally defined by the quotient c / p, where c is the speed of sound and p is the density of the sound wood (Ono & Norimoto, 1983; 1984; Spycher, 2008; Spycher et al., 2008; 4).
  • the speed of sound is the square root of the ratio of modulus of elasticity (for bending longitudinally to the fiber) to density.
  • the modulus of elasticity is a material-independent material value; the product of modulus of elasticity and area moment of inertia gives the flexural rigidity of the workpiece (Ono & Norimoto, 1983; 1984; Spycher, 2008; Spycher et al., 2008).
  • the speed of sound eg of spruce wood
  • the speed of sound is 4800 to 6200 m / s, the average bulk density 320 to 420 kg / m 3 .
  • Both parameters are dependent on the moisture content of the wood, which increases the precision and infrastructure requirements for the experiments as well as the evaluation of the test results.
  • Of particular interest in all measures to improve material quality is the impact relative changes in modulus and bulk density have on the speed of sound.
  • the modulus of elasticity (in%) changes approximately in proportion to the change in the bulk density (in%)
  • the speed of sound remains approximately the same (the material quality then increases approximately inversely proportional to a reduction in the apparent density); such a ratio of relative changes in modulus of elasticity and bulk density is said to be "narrow" (Ono & Norimoto, 1983; 1984; Spycher, 2008; Spycher et al., 2008).
  • the modulus of elasticity (in%) decreases significantly less than the bulk density (in%), the speed of sound is increased (the quality of the material increases more than inversely proportional to a reduction in bulk density).
  • a disadvantage of the methods described so far is that a uniform colonization of the wood can not be guaranteed by the selected mushrooms.
  • An irregular settlement has the consequence that the acoustic material quality is improved only inconsistently or even not at all.
  • it entails the risk of undesirable strength losses, cracks and crevices in the wood.
  • Physisporinus vitreus has low levels of competition against other species of fungi and is therefore very susceptible to contamination by other species.
  • the WO2012 / 056109 A2 describes the use of plant-derived nanofibrillated cellulose in the form of a hydrogel or a membrane as a carrier material for various types of cell cultures.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for the production of spruce sound wood for musical instruments, which ensures in particular an improvement in the acoustic properties, a shorter process time and a more homogeneous product.
  • Other objects of the invention are to provide an improved sound wood for musical instruments, as well as musical instruments made thereof.
  • a wood tone blank is subjected to Physisporin vitreus treatment under controlled, sterile conditions.
  • the previously sterilized soundwood blank is dipped in a liquid medium enriched with fungus mycelium and kept therein with exclusion of light during a contact time and finally sterilized.
  • the liquid medium contains nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in a proportion of 200 to 300 g per liter.
  • NFC nanofibrillated cellulose
  • Controlled, sterile conditions in the present context means an environment in which at least the temperature and the relative humidity are kept within a predefined range and contamination with foreign fungal species is prevented. According to the invention, a temperature of 18 to 26 ° C and a relative humidity of about 60 to about 80% are set.
  • the measures according to the invention ensure a reproducible, uniform improvement of the acoustic properties of the sound wood that is free from local defects.
  • a sound wood blank is generally a plate-shaped portion of a suitable sound wood to understand, which is intended in particular for the production of the ceiling or the bottom of a string or plucked instrument. In the present context, it is without exception spruce wood.
  • a closable medium-tight container made of sterilizable materials, for example, from an autoclavable plastic is generally suitable. Furthermore, the container must be equipped so that inside a controlled atmosphere of predetermined humidity is adjustable. For the controlled supply of air at least one designed with a sterile microfilter valve is provided.
  • a liquid medium enriched with fungal mycelium is understood in a manner known per se to be a buffered aqueous solution with nutrients, which has been mixed with mycelium samples of a pure culture of Physisporinus vitreus and then grown for a suitable time.
  • the liquid medium contains a proportion of 200 to 300 g of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) per liter of liquid medium.
  • NFC nanofibrillated cellulose
  • the term "nanofibrillated cellulose”, also abbreviated “NFC” includes cellulose fibers having a diameter of about 3 nm to about 200 nm and a length of at least 500 nm and an aspect ratio (length: diameter) of at least 100 ⁇ m understand.
  • the NFC fibers have a diameter of 10 to 100 nm, an average of 50 nm and a length of at least a few microns, and the aspect ratio may also be 1,000 or more.
  • NFC is generally obtained by a mechanical comminution process of wood and other vegetable fibers; first descriptions go to Herrick et al. ( Herrick, FW; Casebier, RL; Hamilton, JK; Sandberg, KR Microfibrillated cellulose: Morphology and accessibility. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. Appl. Polym. Symp. 1983, 37, 797-813 ) as well as Turback et al. ( Turbak, AF; Snyder, FW; Sandberg, KR Microfibrillated cellulose, a new cellulose product: Properties, uses, and commercial potential. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. Appl. Polym. Symp. 1983, 37, 815-827 ) in 1983.
  • MFC microfibrillated cellulose
  • CNF cellulose nanofibers
  • NFC nanofibrillated cellulose
  • cellulose nano- or microfibrils are commonly used.
  • cellulose nanofibers are long and flexible.
  • the NFC formed therefrom usually contains crystalline and amorphous domains and has a network structure due to strong hydrogen bonds (see eg Lu, J .; Askeland, P .; Drzal, LT Surface modification of microfibrillated cellulose for epoxy composite applications. Polymer 2008, 49, 1285-1298 ; Zimmermann, T .; Pöhler, E .; Geiger, T.
  • the method according to the invention can in principle be carried out with a single sound wood blank. As a rule, however, for the sake of efficiency alone, several chopped wood blanks are treated simultaneously.
  • the incubation container is expediently equipped with corresponding recesses and support elements.
  • the method can be carried out in particular with two sound wood blanks, which together form a cover for a violin.
  • a temperature of about 22 ° C, in particular in the range of 21 ° C to 23 ° C, and a relative humidity of about 70%, in particular in the range of 65 to about 75% set (claim 3).
  • the measures according to the invention make it possible to produce tonewood having outstanding properties using a comparatively short exposure time of 4 to 6 months (claim 5).
  • the liquid medium used for the process according to the invention is preferably obtained by incubation of an NFC-containing nutrient medium inoculated with Physisporinus vitreus under controlled pH conditions (claim 6).
  • an aqueous nutrient medium with spruce wood extract and nanofibrillated cellulose is initially introduced and inoculated with a mushroom-containing liquid medium culture or with mushroom-covered sawdust particles.
  • the sterilization of the sound wood blank to be carried out after the exposure time of several months can in principle be carried out in a known manner.
  • ethylene oxide is used for this purpose (claim 7).
  • the color space (L *, a *, b *) defined color index E * increased by at least 14 (claim 8).
  • a change in color of the wood is advantageously effected, which is characterized by a defined in the color space (L *, a *, b *) color difference .DELTA.E * of at least 11 (claim 9).
  • the spruce sounding wood for musical instruments produced by the method according to the invention is characterized in that the sound radiation in the longitudinal direction is increased by at least 20%, preferably by at least 24%, compared to untreated sound wood and the attenuation in the longitudinal direction by at least 25%, preferably by at least 29% is increased.
  • the longitudinal direction corresponds to the direction of tree growth, while the radial and tangential directions refer to the approximately circular tree rings.
  • An advantageous musical instrument in particular a stringed instrument, can be constructed with at least one soundboard made from tonewood which has been improved according to the invention.
  • musical instrument is to be understood in the widest sense; In particular, such resonant plates can also be used for wooden membranes in loudspeakers.
  • a clone-specific primer was designed and synthesized. As a result, a sensitivity of 10 -5 can be achieved in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, real-time PCR).
  • real-time PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction
  • the detection of P. vitreus by the use of species-specific primers in combination with fungal DNA extraction techniques directly from wood is greatly simplified, since in the implementation of the identification a normal standard PCR followed by gel electrophoresis is sufficient.
  • the time required for this process lasts a few hours and is therefore significantly faster and more effective compared with the conventional method, because it can be dispensed with the production of pure cultures.
  • the risk of foreign contamination during the sampling is significantly minimized by the use of the specific primer pair.
  • strain-specific primers were constructed for the clear detection of the fungus P. vitreus .
  • Table 1 lists the types of fungi used in these studies. DNA extraction for the molecular biological studies was carried out using the Extract-N-Amp TM Plant PCR Kit from Sigma Aldrich according to the manufacturer's instructions. Table 1: Fungus species used mushrooms Isolate no.
  • RAPD Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA
  • ITS 1 / ITS 4 primer combination of White et al. (1990) amplified the ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 region of the fungal species used with a thermocycler from the company Biometra.
  • Target region of the primers used was the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). It consists, inter alia, of coding gene segments 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA (in fungi and other eukaryotes) that are conservative (Schmidt and Moreth, 2006). These three coding gene segments are separated by highly variable introns, the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS1 and ITS2).
  • the resulting PCR products were then commercially purified and sequenced (Synergene, Zurich).
  • the sequence of the ITS region of P. vitreus 642 has been deposited in the international database EMBL (Accession No. FM202494). Due to the nature of the specificity of the ITS domain, the sequence of P. vitreus 642 was used to study using the Clustal X program and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (Primer-BLAST) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, http: // www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/) to isolate short DNA sequences (20 bases), which occur exclusively in the fungus P. vitreus.
  • Primary-BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
  • Physisporinus vitreus (EMPA strain No. 642 or 643) was pre-cultivated on a suitable, sterile malt agar medium in Petri dishes ( ⁇ 9 cm). As soon as the culture medium was completely overgrown by the fungus mycelium of P. vitreus (after approx. 12-16 days), approx. 2g of sterile spruce sawdust (particle size ⁇ 2mm) was placed in the middle of the medium in each Petri dish under sterile conditions. After a further 4 to 6 weeks, the sawdust substrate, completely mixed by P. vitreus, was used to inoculate the liquid medium.
  • a nanofibrillated cellulosic nutrient medium has proved to be a particularly suitable liquid medium for the cultivation of P. vitreus on the basis of preliminary experiments.
  • 1200 ml nanofibrillated cellulose-containing liquid medium was sterilized in a steam autoclave for 20-30 minutes at 121 ° C and with about 100 ml mushroom-containing (not more than 8 weeks old) liquid medium culture (with the same composition) or in the inoculation of a liquid medium with first culture fresh mushroom-covered sawdust particles (about 1 - 2 g) as described in paragraph 2 with P. vitreus inoculated.
  • the nanofibrillated cellulose-containing liquid medium was incubated under sterile conditions with P. vitreus in a bioreactor under controlled pH conditions (pH adjusted to 6.8 - 7.2 or optionally under controlled oxygen supply). The speed of the agitator was set low.
  • the culture medium can also be used as a standing or shaking culture in suitable Erlenmeyer flasks with cotton stoppers on a horizontal shaker (50 rpm) for 4 to 8 weeks in a climatic chamber in the dark at 22 ° C. and 70 ⁇ 5% rel. Humidity can be produced.
  • the introduction of the mushroom-containing liquid medium and the actual exposure time or fungus treatment of the spruce was carried out under sterile conditions in a specially prepared incubator.
  • the incubator consists of a heat-resistant plastic container (PPC) with internal dimensions of 554 mm x 354 mm x 141 mm (source: WEZ Kunststoffwerk AG, CH-5036 Oberentfelden, item no. 6413.007) and a matching, modified lid with sight glass.
  • PPC heat-resistant plastic container
  • In this incubator were two in their dimensions and shape of the treated sound wood blanks (violet corners) adapted stainless steel treatment tanks and fitting recessed holders (Avemlagervorraumen), each with a corresponding filler pipe with 3 to 4 outlet openings, which within the incubator with a hose system ( made of heat-resistant material) and an inlet valve are connected.
  • the mushroom-containing liquid medium can be filled into the incubator under sterile conditions.
  • the two tonewood blanks to be treated (for a violin corner) are placed in the appropriate support devices in stainless steel treatment tanks.
  • the total amount of the mushroom-containing liquid medium required later for filling can be reduced by optionally filling a few glass beads as placeholders (volume displacer) in the lower area of the treatment tank.
  • the filling hoses were connected to the filling valves within the incubator container.
  • the incubator was tightly closed with the lids (with sight glass) and the entire container including the sound wood blanks placed therein under low heat, e.g. Sterilized with ionizing radiation.
  • the supply line was stopped and the supply hoses emptied.
  • the incubator was then vented to normal pressure with a sterile microfiltered valve and incubated as a whole for the intended fungal treatment (exposure time) in a suitable air conditioning cabin.
  • old wood samples were taken from a cello (built in 1700, violin maker Catenes) and a beam from a historic house in Rougemont (dated 1756, Switzerland), which was used for the construction of a cello.
  • the bulk density of the wood samples from Testore and Rougemont was 410 and 456 kg / m 3 .
  • twin samples of small and wide-ringed wood were examined before and after fungal treatment.
  • samples of wide and narrow wood were made.
  • specimens with a cutting thickness of 0.06 mm, 15 mm long and 1.5 mm wide were prepared with a rotation microscope before and after the treatment.
  • the incubator with the wood samples surrounded therein by the fungus-containing, nanofibrillated cellulose-containing liquid medium was incubated for the required exposure time (fungus treatment) in a suitable air conditioning cabin at 22 ° C. (and 70 ⁇ 5% relative humidity). F.) for 12 months.
  • fresh, oxygen-rich air was supplied under sterile conditions through the valve with the sterile microfilter. After a 12-month incubation period, the wood samples were cleaned and then sterilized with ethylene oxide.
  • the incubator is opened.
  • the fungus-treated wood samples lying in the treatment tank were removed from the nanofibrillated cellulosic liquid medium completely grown by the fungus mycelium and carefully (with a metal spatula) carefully cleaned of superficially adherent mycelium.
  • the freshly picked, mushroom-modified wood chippings have a relatively high water content of z.T. more than 150 to 250% and then have to be dried gently to avoid cracking (ring peeling).
  • the spruce boards store only in a climatic chamber (20 ° C) and 80% rel. Moisture (possibly previously in a container with a xylene-containing atmosphere to prevent mold growth) and are then over a period of several weeks gradually in a climatic chamber at 65% and later at 50% rel. Damp dried down.
  • fungus-modified wood chippings for instrument making can optionally be sterilized with ionizing radiation (under low heat).
  • the bulk density ⁇ R of the different wood samples before and after the fungal treatment is in Fig. 2 seen.
  • the average mass loss ⁇ m of the fungus-treated wood samples was 3.3% ⁇ 0.9%. From the Fig. 2 It can be seen that with decreasing bulk density of the wood lower mass losses were recorded. In the high-quality sound wood (low bulk density) the highest, in the inferior wood (high bulk density), the lowest mass losses were recorded.
  • the most important acoustic properties that are used for the selection of sound wood for musical instruments are the damping (tan ⁇ ) and the sound radiation (R).
  • High-quality sound wood has a high sound radiation (R).
  • R describes how strongly the vibrations of a body are damped due to the sound radiation.
  • the attenuation of sound refers to any kind of reduction of the sound intensity that does not necessarily have to do with a reduction of the sound energy, for example by divergence, ie by distributing the sound energy over a larger area. Both properties were examined on untreated controls and on fungal treated wood. The vibration characteristics of wood samples were measured before and after fungal treatment (as described under 5.4) at a relative moisture content of 65%. The results show that both the sound radiation and the attenuation in the fungus-treated wood increase significantly ( Fig. 5-6 ).
  • the color measurements were made on wood samples with a tristimulus colorimeter (Konica Minolta) at wavelengths between 360-740 nm.
  • the device allows the non-contact measurement of brightness and color at a measuring angle of 1 °.
  • the color index E * ab and the brightness L * for freshly felled and mushroom treated tone wood (a) and lumber (b) can be taken after 4 to 12 months.
  • the duration of the fungal treatment increases, the color index increases while the brightness decreases.
  • an E * index of 29.9 ( ⁇ 0.8) was found for freshly sounded wood (a) and lumber (b) ( Fig. 7a-b ).
  • E * which by definition is the length of a vector in the color space spanned by L *, a * and b * Change vector ⁇ E *, which connects the color point (L 0 *, a 0 *, b 0 *) before color change with the color point (L 1 *, a 1 *, b 1 *) after color change:
  • AE * L 1 * - L 0 * 2 + a 1 * - a 0 * 2 + b 1 * - b 0 * 2
  • the size ⁇ E * is also called the color difference.
  • Fig. 8 the time course of the color difference ⁇ E * of sound wood (open circles) and lumber (filled circles) after different duration (4-12 months) of the fungus treatment compared to the untreated state is shown.
  • the dashed line is the color difference an old wood sample (Rougemont) compared to a freshly cut sample of the same wood species shown.
  • FTIR analyzes revealed significant changes in the ratio of lignin / polysaccharides in fungal and old wood (Lehringer et al., 2011; Sedighi Giliani et al., 2014a; Sedighi Gilani et al., 2014b). A significant difference was the lower proportion of hemicellulose in old wood. Qualitative studies confirm that both lignin and hemicellulose degrade at different levels during wood delignification (Lehringer et al., 2011). Although the degradation processes of lignin and hemicellulose are not identical after selective delignification and natural aging, it can be assumed that their composition differs markedly from that of freshly felled wood.
  • the different composition of freshly cut wood has an influence on the interaction with moisture, eg sorption dynamics, moisture capacity and dimensional stability of the material.
  • moisture eg sorption dynamics, moisture capacity and dimensional stability of the material.
  • These changes will also have an impact on the wood anatomy and supermolecular structure of the cell walls, which in turn have a significant impact on the vibromechanical properties of the wood.
  • the method of fungal wood modification described here leads to a temporal reduction of the stress relaxation of the material under various mechanical (eg tuning) and physical (eg air humidity fluctuations) boundary conditions, which is of crucial importance for the stability and sound quality of musical instruments made of wood.
  • the striking similarities between naturally aged and fungus treated wood show that the fungus treatment is a valuable wood modification process for the accelerated aging of tonewood.
  • the success A fungus-treated violin in a blind test at the Osnabrück Baumrius in 2009 is most likely due to the similarity of the mechanical and hygroscopic stability of mushroom-treated and old wood.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé permettant d'améliorer les propriétés acoustiques de bois de résonance d'épicéa destiné à des instruments de musique, selon lequel au moins une ébauche en bois de résonance est soumise, dans des conditions stériles contrôlées à un traitement par Physisporinus vitreus, l'ébauche en bois de résonance préalablement stérilisée est plongée dans un milieu liquide enrichi en mycélium, et y est maintenue dans le noir pendant une durée d'action, puis stérilisée, et pendant la durée d'action, une température de 18 à 26°C et une humidité relative de l'air d'environ 60 à environ 80% sont réglées,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le milieu liquide renferme des nano-fibrilles de cellulose (NFC) en proportion de 200 à 300 g par litre.
  2. Procédé conforme à la revendication 1, selon lequel le traitement est effectué par Physisporinus viteus EM-PA 642.
  3. Procédé conforme à la revendication 1 ou 2,
    selon lequel pendant la durée d'action une température de 21°C à 23°C et une humidité relative de l'air d'environ 65 à environ 75 % est réglée.
  4. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    selon lequel la durée d'action est sélectionnée de sorte que les valeurs de résistance suivantes du bois de résonance soient satisfaites :
    - module de flexion le long des fibres : au moins 7 GPa, de préférence 10 GPa,
    - résistance à la compression le long des fibres : au moins 24 N/mm2, de préférence 34 N/mm2, et
    - résistance à la compression perpendiculairement aux fibres : au moins 3 N/mm2, de préférence 4,2 N/mm2.
  5. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    selon lequel la durée d'action est de 4 à 6 mois.
  6. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    selon lequel le milieu liquide a été obtenu par incubation d'un milieu nutritionnel renfermant de la NFC inoculé avec Physisporinus vitreus dans des conditions de pH contrôlées.
  7. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    selon lequel la stérilisation de l'ébauche en bois de résonance est effectué avec de l'oxyde d'éthylène.
  8. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    selon lequel une augmentation de l'indice colorimétrique E* défini dans le modèle colorimétrique (L*,a*,b*) d'au moins 14 est obtenue.
  9. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    selon lequel on obtient une modification de la couleur du bois qui est caractérisée par un écart colorimétrique ΔE* défini dans le modèle colorimétrique (L*,a*,b*) d'au moins 11.
EP16829090.6A 2015-12-30 2016-12-28 Procédé destiné à l'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques du bois de résonance d'épicea Not-in-force EP3398189B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15203220 2015-12-30
EP16164755.7A EP3232432A1 (fr) 2016-04-11 2016-04-11 Procédé destiné a l'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques du bois de résonance d'épicea
PCT/EP2016/082761 WO2017114856A1 (fr) 2015-12-30 2016-12-28 Procédé d'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques d'un bois d'épicéa à instruments

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3398189A1 EP3398189A1 (fr) 2018-11-07
EP3398189B1 true EP3398189B1 (fr) 2019-10-30

Family

ID=57860792

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16829090.6A Not-in-force EP3398189B1 (fr) 2015-12-30 2016-12-28 Procédé destiné à l'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques du bois de résonance d'épicea

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10388260B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3398189B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2019502165A (fr)
CN (1) CN108604441A (fr)
WO (1) WO2017114856A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109732731B (zh) * 2018-12-18 2021-09-03 德丰桐声(北京)科技有限公司 发音板的制作方法
CN112345382A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-09 西北农林科技大学 一种热处理木材力学强度的检测方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6657113B2 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-12-02 Alexander Béla Herman Molded fretboard and guitar
FR2863539B1 (fr) * 2003-12-10 2006-09-15 Henri Selmer Paris Procede de traitement de bois a porosite ouverte par polycondensation in situ de resines epoxy-amine
DE102005002366A1 (de) * 2005-01-18 2006-07-27 EMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs-und Forschungsanstalt Verfahren und Mittel zur Verbesserung der Tränkmittelaufnahme und -verteilung in Hölzern
DE102005027424A1 (de) * 2005-06-14 2006-12-28 Martin Schleske Verfahren zur Verbesserung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Klangholz für Musikinstrumente
US7598444B2 (en) * 2007-07-10 2009-10-06 Farnell Jr Alfred D Molded stringed instrument body with wooden core
US20120070609A1 (en) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Clayton Poppe Composite panel having bonded nonwoven and biodegradable resinous-fiber layers and method of construction thereof
FI123988B (fi) * 2010-10-27 2014-01-31 Upm Kymmene Corp Soluviljelymateriaali
CN203055418U (zh) * 2012-02-17 2013-07-10 赵振伟 一种有琴弦的乐器的音板
CN104261511B (zh) * 2014-10-13 2016-05-18 南京航空航天大学 夹心式物理杀菌装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3398189A1 (fr) 2018-11-07
JP2019502165A (ja) 2019-01-24
CN108604441A (zh) 2018-09-28
WO2017114856A1 (fr) 2017-07-06
US20190088235A1 (en) 2019-03-21
US10388260B2 (en) 2019-08-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Barnett et al. Wood quality and its biological basis
Burgert et al. Plant micro-and nanomechanics: experimental techniques for plant cell-wall analysis
Savidge Tree growth and wood quality
Pot et al. Genetic control of pulp and timber properties in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)
Ostonen et al. The role of soil conditions in fine root ecomorphology in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)
Schwarze et al. Physisporinus vitreus: a versatile white rot fungus for engineering value-added wood products
EP3398189B1 (fr) Procédé destiné à l'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques du bois de résonance d'épicea
Saikia et al. Improvement of mechano-chemical properties of bamboo by bio-chemical treatment
Lei et al. Effect of growth rate on the anatomy, specific gravity, and bending properties of wood from 7-year-old red alder (Alnus rubra)
US20200163291A1 (en) Plant growth media and method for making same
Basile et al. Bio-inspired consolidants derived from crystalline nanocellulose for decayed wood
Hamid et al. The decay resistance and hyphae penetration of bamboo Gigantochloa scortechinii decayed by white and brown rot fungi
Ma et al. Ultrastructural topochemistry of cell wall polymers in Populus nigra by transmission electron microscopy and Raman imaging
Côté Ultrastructure—Critical domain for wood behavior: Its origins, current concepts, future potential
Zhan et al. Chemical properties and fiber morphology of Fargesia fungosa at different culm ages and heights
DE102005027424A1 (de) Verfahren zur Verbesserung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Klangholz für Musikinstrumente
EP3232432A1 (fr) Procédé destiné a l'amélioration des propriétés acoustiques du bois de résonance d'épicea
Pernilla et al. Mould growth on kiln-dried and air-dried timber
Wahab et al. Performance in accelerated laboratory tests of oil heat treated 16-year-old Acacia mangium
Wahab et al. Improvement in Durability of Oil Heat Treated 16-Year-Old Acacia Mangium in Laboratory Tests
Donaldson Delamination of Wood at the Microscopic Scale: current knowledge and methods
Scholz et al. Migration of blue stain fungi within wax impregnated wood
Spycher The application of wood decay fungi to improve the acoustic properties of resonance wood for violins
dos Santos et al. Development of the Trametes versicolor (L.) CG Lloyd. fungus on the wood of thermoregulated Pinus taeda L.
Rajab Thermal treatment of several wood species grown in Iraq

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20180629

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20190513

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: SCHWARZE, FRANCIS

Inventor name: GILANI, MARJAN

Inventor name: HEEB, MARKUS

Inventor name: JOSSET, SEBASTIEN

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1196997

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20191115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502016007371

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200131

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200302

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200130

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200130

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20191030

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200229

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502016007371

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20191231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200701

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191230

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191228

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191231

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191231

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20191231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20161228

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20201228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191030

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 1196997

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20211228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20211228