EP3389935A1 - Procédé de commande et machine-outil portative - Google Patents

Procédé de commande et machine-outil portative

Info

Publication number
EP3389935A1
EP3389935A1 EP16806096.0A EP16806096A EP3389935A1 EP 3389935 A1 EP3389935 A1 EP 3389935A1 EP 16806096 A EP16806096 A EP 16806096A EP 3389935 A1 EP3389935 A1 EP 3389935A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill
rotation
value
control method
rotational speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16806096.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3389935B1 (fr
Inventor
Carsten Peters
Helene KAPS
Markus Hartmann
Klaus-Peter Bohn
Thilo Hammers
Bastian Pluemacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Hilti AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hilti AG filed Critical Hilti AG
Publication of EP3389935A1 publication Critical patent/EP3389935A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3389935B1 publication Critical patent/EP3389935B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D16/00—Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • B25D16/006—Mode changers; Mechanisms connected thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/062—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a wobbling mechanism, swash plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D17/06—Hammer pistons; Anvils ; Guide-sleeves for pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/006—Vibration damping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2216/00—Details of portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • B25D2216/0007—Details of percussion or rotation modes
    • B25D2216/0023—Tools having a percussion-and-rotation mode
    • B25D2216/003—Tools having a percussion-and-rotation mode comprising de-phasing of percussion and rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2222/00—Materials of the tool or the workpiece
    • B25D2222/21—Metals
    • B25D2222/42—Steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2222/00—Materials of the tool or the workpiece
    • B25D2222/72—Stone, rock or concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/195—Regulation means
    • B25D2250/201—Regulation means for speed, e.g. drilling or percussion speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/221—Sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control method for a hand tool with a drill bit which simultaneously rotates a drill and applies blows longitudinally to the drill.
  • US4732218 describes a hammer drill.
  • the hammer drill has a pneumatic percussion mechanism that periodically impacts a drill bit.
  • the drill is also rotated about its longitudinal axis.
  • the hammer drill is used in particular to drill holes in mineral building materials, e.g. Concrete, to drill.
  • the drills used are therefore optimized for the processing of mineral building materials. However, the drill can hit a rebar. The drilling progress is then very low.
  • US6640205 describes a hammer drill which examines returning shock waves in the drill during excavation of a subsurface. Based on the shock waves, a material composition of the subsurface is determined.
  • the control method according to the invention is for a drill-making hand tool machine for machining a substrate by means of a drill.
  • the hand tool machine has a tool holder for holding a drill on a working axis, a rotary drive for rotating the tool holder about the working axis, and a striking mechanism for applying blows to the drill.
  • the control method comprises the steps of: superimposing a periodic strike on the drill with a stroke rate and rotating the tool holder at a rotational speed in one direction of rotation; Determining a material of the substrate processed by the drill; and adjusting the rotational speed and / or rotational direction based on the determined material, wherein in an iron-based material, the rotational speed are set to a first value and a first rotational direction, with a mineral material, the rotational speed are set to a second value and a second rotational direction, and wherein the first value is less than the second value or the first direction of rotation is left-handed and the second direction of rotation is clockwise.
  • the hand tool first recognizes which material is currently being processed by the drill.
  • the power tool is operated in standard operation with typically maximum impact and rotational power.
  • Iron-based material reduces turning power.
  • the drilling dust is no longer effectively extracted from the well.
  • a portion of the mineral debris remains near the drill head, resulting in more effective degradation of the iron-retained material, e.g. of reinforcing iron contributes.
  • a stroke rate of the impact mechanism is independent of the speed and / or direction of rotation.
  • the rate of impact differs by less than 20%. Efficient mining of both mineral and iron based material is achieved at maximum impact performance.
  • An embodiment provides that the conversion angle of the tool holder between two successive beats at the first speed between 1 degree and 10 degrees and at the second speed is greater than 30 degrees.
  • a portable power tool according to the invention has a tool holder for holding a drill bit on a working axis, an electric motor, a striking mechanism having a racket moving along the working axis at a stroke rate, a rotary drive that rotationally drives the tool holder at a speed in a rotational direction.
  • An adjusting device is set up for adjusting the rotational speed and / or direction of rotation of the rotary drive, regardless of the stroke rate of the striking mechanism.
  • the hand tool machine can automatically or by the user causes the speed or direction of rotation to adjust them to suit the ground in a suitable manner; supported in both operating modes by an efficiently striking impact mechanism.
  • the striking mechanism is preferably a pneumatic impact mechanism driven by the electric motor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a hammer drill 1 as an example of a beating hand-held machine tool.
  • the hammer drill 1 has a tool holder 2, in which coaxial with a working axis 3, a drill, chisel or other beating drill 4 can be used and locked.
  • the hammer drill 1 has a pneumatic striking mechanism 5, which can exert periodic punches in a direction of impact 6 on the drill 4.
  • a rotary drive 7 can rotate the tool holder 2 continuously about the working axis 3.
  • the pneumatic hammer 5 and the rotary drive are driven by an electric motor 8, which is fed from a battery 9 or a power line with electric current.
  • the striking mechanism 5 and the rotary drive 7 are arranged in a machine housing 10.
  • a handle 11 is typically arranged on a side facing away from the tool holder 2 of the machine housing 10. The user can hold the hammer drill 1 by means of the handle 11 in operation and lead.
  • An additional auxiliary handle can be attached near the tool holder 2.
  • an operating button 12 is arranged, which the user can operate preferably with the holding hand.
  • the electric motor 8 is turned on by operating the operating button 12. Typically, the electric motor 8 rotates as long as the operation button 12 is kept depressed.
  • the drill 4 is movable in the tool holder 2 along the working axis 3.
  • the drill 4 has an elongated groove, in which a ball or other locking body of the tool holder 2 engages.
  • the user keeps the drill 4 in a working position by the user presses the drill 4 indirectly through the hammer drill 1 to a substrate.
  • the drill 4 has a drill head of sintered metal carbide and a coil for removing cuttings from the wellbore.
  • the tool holder 2 is attached to a spindle 13 of the rotary drive 7.
  • the tool holder 2 can rotate relative to the machine housing 10 about the working axis 3. Claws or other suitable means in the tool holder 2 transmit torque from the tool holder 2 on the drill 4.
  • the pneumatic percussion 5 has along the direction of impact 6 a pathogen 14, a racket 15 and an anvil 16.
  • the exciter 14 is forced by means of the electric motor 8 to a periodic movement along the working axis 3.
  • the exciter 14 is connected via a transmission component 14 for converting the rotational movement of the electric motor 8 in a periodic, translational movement along the working axis 3.
  • An exemplary transmission component includes an eccentric wheel or a swash plate. A period of the translatory movement of the exciter 14 is predetermined by the rotational speed of the electric motor 8 and possibly a reduction ratio in the transmission component 14.
  • the racket 15 couples via an air spring to the movement of the exciter 14.
  • the air spring is formed by a closed between the exciter 14 and the racket 15 pneumatic chamber 17.
  • the racket 15 moves in the direction of impact 6 until the racket 15 strikes the striker 16.
  • the striker 16 abuts the drill 4 in the direction of impact 6 and transmits the impact to the drill 4.
  • the period of movement of the striker is identical to the period of movement of the exciter 14.
  • the striker 15 thus strikes at a rate equal to is the inverse of the period.
  • the operating principle of the air spring sets tight limits for the period or the stroke rate, since the efficiency of the pneumatic coupling is dependent on a substantially resonant excitation.
  • the bat 15 typically no longer follows the movement of the exciter 14.
  • the optimum stroke rate is determined by the mass of the bat 15 and the geometric dimensions of the pneumatic chamber 17.
  • An optimal beat number is in the range between 25 Hz and 100 Hz.
  • the exemplary striking mechanism 5 has a piston-shaped exciter 14 and a piston-shaped racket 15, which are guided by a guide tube 18 along the working axis 3.
  • the exciter 14 and the racket 15 abut with their lateral surfaces on the inner surface of the guide tube 18.
  • the pneumatic chamber 17 is closed by the exciter 14 and the racket 15 along the working axis 3 and by the guide tube 18 in the radial direction. Sealing rings in the surfaces of exciter 14 and racket 15 can improve the airtight completion of the pneumatic chamber 17.
  • the exciter 14 is driven by the electric motor 8.
  • An eccentric 19 or other converter sets the rotational movement of the electric motor 8 in the periodic translational movement of the exciter 14.
  • the eccentric 19 is connected via a sub-strand 20 of a drive train 21 to the electric motor 8.
  • the rotary drive 7 includes the spindle 13, which is arranged coaxially to the working axis 3.
  • the spindle 13 is hollow, for example, and the striking mechanism 5 is disposed within the spindle.
  • the tool holder 2 is placed on the spindle 13.
  • the tool holder 2 can be releasably or permanently connected to the spindle 13 via a locking mechanism.
  • the spindle 13 is connected via a reducing gear 22 to the electric motor 8.
  • the speed of the spindle 13 is less than the rotational speed of the electric motor 8.
  • a slip clutch 23 may be connected.
  • the spindle 13 preferably rotates continuously at a predetermined speed.
  • the speed is predetermined by the reducing gear 22.
  • the reduction gear 22 has two different ratios.
  • the first reduction is optimized for the mining of mineral rock with a conventional drill bit 4.
  • the speed of the spindle 13 is in the first reduction in the range between 200 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 1000 rev / min and the spindle 13 rotates right-handed ,
  • rpm revolutions per minute
  • the stroke rate of the pneumatic percussion mechanism 5 independent of the reduction gear 22, between two successive strokes of the drill 4 a turning angle of more than 30 degrees, e.g. more than 30 degrees, at most 75 degrees.
  • the typical conversion angle causes efficient removal of drill cuttings from the borehole with the conventional drills 4.
  • the second reduction is intended for the removal of iron-based materials, eg a reinforcing iron.
  • the speed is greatly reduced compared to the first reduction, for example, the speed is less than 20 rev / min.
  • the percussion mechanism 5 strikes superimposed on the rotational movement periodically with a stroke rate of more than 5 beats per second on the drill 4.
  • a transfer angle of the drill 4 between two beats is preferably below 10 degrees, for example below 5 degrees, preferably above 1 degree.
  • the helix of the drill 4 transports less or no cuttings out of the borehole.
  • the second reduction can cause a counterclockwise rotation of the spindle 13.
  • the drill 4 conveys the cuttings into the wellbore instead of challenging it.
  • the cuttings remaining in the borehole prove to be advantageous for the removal of the reinforcing iron with the drill bit 4.
  • the user can preferably actuate the reducing gear 22 with a selector switch 24.
  • the user recognizes, for example, an abruptly decreasing rate of drilling that processes a reinforcing iron, or a sudden impact increasing drilling progress that again mineral material is processed.
  • the selector switch 24 has at least two switching positions. A first switching position is for the superimposed drilling and chiseling removal of mineral material; a second switching position is for the superimposed drilling and chiseling removal of ferrous material. In the first switching position, the reducing gear 22 is in the first reduction and in the second switching position, the reducing gear 22 is switched to the second reduction.
  • the stroke rate of the pneumatic percussion mechanism 5 is equal or approximately the same in both switch positions, preferably the percussion mechanism 5 operates in both switch positions with the highest efficiency or highest degradation performance.
  • the direction of rotation of the spindle 13 is set in the second switching position to a reverse rotation, to reduce the removal of the cuttings.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary reduction (shift) transmission 22 in the form of a spur gear.
  • a driving shaft two pinions 25 are fixed with different diameters; on a driven shaft two gears 26 are mounted.
  • the gears are for example permanently engaged with one of the two pinions.
  • a pull key 27 couples each of the gears to the driven shaft.
  • the pulling wedge can equally be arranged on the driving shaft.
  • switching of the transmission 22 can be effected by an axial displacement of the pinions or gears.
  • the transmission can also be realized by a planetary gear. Two of the ring gear, planet carrier and sun gear components are connected to the driving shaft and the driven shaft.
  • a switchable brake allows the remaining third component to rotate freely depending on the switch position or inhibits its rotation.
  • An actuator 28 may manually switch the transmission 22.
  • the adjusting device 28 includes, for example, the selector switch 24.
  • a mechanical linkage transmits the position of the selector switch 24 to the transmission 22.
  • the actuator 28 may alternatively switch the transmission 22 by means of an actuator 29.
  • the actuator 29 may be formed electromagnetically, piezoelectrically, hydraulically, pneumatically, etc.
  • the actuator 29 operates the pull key 27, shifts the pinions or gears, or activates the brake.
  • the actuator 28 may automatically switch the transmission 22.
  • a sensor 30 detects the appropriate reduction for the transmission 22 and switches the gear 22 with the actuator 29.
  • the hammer drill 1 can automatically detect the ground on which the drill bit 4 hits.
  • the blows of the drill 4 on the mineral rock are more damped than the blows of the drill 4 on the ferrous reinforcing iron.
  • the drill 4 and the Rotary hammer 1 thus experience another retroactive force in the two materials.
  • the vibrations in the hammer drill 1 are significantly higher in a ferrous material than in the rock.
  • the exemplary hammer drill 1 has the sensor 30 for detecting vibrations.
  • the sensor 30 is preferably rigidly connected to the striking mechanism 5 or the machine housing 10.
  • An exemplary sensor 30 has a cantilever arm on which a piezoelectric polymer film is applied. The arm, excited by the vibrations, generates an electrical signal, which the sensor 30 evaluates.
  • the sensor 30 may be an acceleration sensor which outputs acceleration values as a measure of vibration.
  • the sensor may also be a microphone, preferably for detecting noises in the infrasound.
  • the sensor 30 compares the vibrations to a threshold. Exceeding the threshold value is attributed to drilling of iron-containing material and falling below the threshold value is associated with drilling of mineral material.
  • the threshold value depends on the impact performance of the striking mechanism 5 and can be determined by test series.
  • the sensor 30 or a microprocessor 31 can perform the evaluation of the vibrations.
  • the threshold value can be stored in the microprocessor 31. Instead of simply comparing it to a threshold, a more complex fingerprint may discriminate the drill bit 4 of rock from drilling ferrous material.
  • the vibrations can be determined in one or more frequency bands.
  • a frequency band has, for example, the beat number as average frequency and, for example, a bandwidth of at most half the beat number.
  • the first harmonic frequency of the beat number may be the average frequency of a frequency band.
  • the hammer drill 1 automatically switches the reducing gear 22 as a function of the material detected by the sensor 30. In particular, a rapid reduction of the speed is desired when the drill 4 encounters a rebar. Otherwise, the drill 4 can still promote the cuttings completely out of the borehole.
  • the sensor 30 transmits a corresponding control signal to the actuator 29.
  • the removal of the cuttings from the borehole can also be prevented from changing the direction of rotation of the drill 4. Due to the clockwise handedness of the drill spiral, the drills 4 convey the cuttings only with a clockwise rotation of the tool holder 2 out of the borehole.
  • the machining of the reinforcing iron can be used instead of or in addition to a Reduced speed with a counterclockwise rotation of the tool holder 2 done.
  • the change in the direction of rotation can be done for example by the electric motor 8, since striking mechanism 5 operates substantially independently of the direction of rotation of the electric motor 8.
  • the transmission 22 has no influence on the rotational speed of the eccentric 19 or the movement of the exciter 14.
  • the drive train 21 branches into a first sub-strand 20 for the pneumatic impact mechanism 5 and a second sub-strand 32 for the spindle 13.
  • the transmission 22 is arranged in the second sub-strand 32.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'une machine-outil portative de burinage pour l'usinage d'un support au moyen d'un foret (4), le procédé consistant à : superposer une percussion périodique sur le foret (4) présentant une cadence de percussion et une rotation du porte-outil (2) présentant une vitesse de rotation dans un sens de rotation ; déterminer un matériau du support usiné par le foret (4) ; et régler la vitesse de rotation sur la base du matériau déterminé. En cas de matériau à base de fer, la vitesse de rotation est réglée à une première valeur et dans un premier sens de rotation. En cas de matériau minéral, la vitesse de rotation est réglée à une deuxième valeur et dans un deuxième sens de rotation. La première valeur est inférieure à la deuxième valeur ou le premier sens de rotation est dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre et le deuxième sens de rotation est dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.
EP16806096.0A 2015-12-14 2016-12-06 Procédé de commande et machine-outil portative Active EP3389935B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15199870.5A EP3181303A1 (fr) 2015-12-14 2015-12-14 Procédé de commande et machine-outil manuelle
PCT/EP2016/079809 WO2017102415A1 (fr) 2015-12-14 2016-12-06 Procédé de commande et machine-outil portative

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3389935A1 true EP3389935A1 (fr) 2018-10-24
EP3389935B1 EP3389935B1 (fr) 2020-04-01

Family

ID=55023886

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15199870.5A Withdrawn EP3181303A1 (fr) 2015-12-14 2015-12-14 Procédé de commande et machine-outil manuelle
EP16806096.0A Active EP3389935B1 (fr) 2015-12-14 2016-12-06 Procédé de commande et machine-outil portative

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15199870.5A Withdrawn EP3181303A1 (fr) 2015-12-14 2015-12-14 Procédé de commande et machine-outil manuelle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US10906166B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP3181303A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017102415A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3028821A1 (fr) * 2014-12-03 2016-06-08 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de contrôle pour une machine-outils portative
JP6981744B2 (ja) 2016-10-07 2021-12-17 株式会社マキタ ハンマドリル
JP6757226B2 (ja) 2016-10-07 2020-09-16 株式会社マキタ 電動工具
EP3311951A1 (fr) * 2016-10-20 2018-04-25 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande et module d'aspirateur
CN107378868B (zh) * 2017-07-24 2020-10-16 苏州艾乐蒙特机电科技有限公司 一种调速往复冲击电锤
DE102019200532A1 (de) * 2019-01-17 2020-07-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Handwerkzeugmaschine
DE102019200527A1 (de) * 2019-01-17 2020-07-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Handwerkzeugmaschine
EP3854532A1 (fr) * 2019-08-19 2021-07-28 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Machine-outil, outil et système de machine-outil à un certain rapport de vitesse de rotation et de puissance de percussion
CN112706129B (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-08-24 交通运输部公路科学研究所 一种基于声波信号控制的冲击钻

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3516494A1 (de) 1985-05-08 1986-11-13 Hilti Ag, Schaan Bohrhammer
DE19651828A1 (de) * 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Mehrganggetriebe für Handwerkzeugmaschinen
DE19960824C2 (de) 1999-12-16 2003-08-21 Hilti Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Untersuchung und Identifizierung der Art eines Untergrunds
DE19961586A1 (de) * 1999-12-21 2001-07-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schlagunterstützte Handbohrmaschine
DE10309414B4 (de) * 2003-03-05 2009-01-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensoreinrichtung und zugehöriges Verfahren für eine Handwerkzeugmaschine
DE102004017939A1 (de) * 2004-04-14 2005-11-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Geführte Werkzeugmaschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer geführten Werkzeugmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017102415A1 (fr) 2017-06-22
US20180370008A1 (en) 2018-12-27
EP3389935B1 (fr) 2020-04-01
EP3181303A1 (fr) 2017-06-21
US10906166B2 (en) 2021-02-02

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