EP3383936A1 - Composition de ou pour materiau composite, procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite de type paek a partir de ladite composition et materiau composite de type paek - Google Patents
Composition de ou pour materiau composite, procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite de type paek a partir de ladite composition et materiau composite de type paekInfo
- Publication number
- EP3383936A1 EP3383936A1 EP16815893.9A EP16815893A EP3383936A1 EP 3383936 A1 EP3383936 A1 EP 3383936A1 EP 16815893 A EP16815893 A EP 16815893A EP 3383936 A1 EP3383936 A1 EP 3383936A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- functions
- composition
- composite material
- paek
- reactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical group O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001652 poly(etherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005863 Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical class [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000012713 reactive precursor Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010133 reinforced reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 238000010107 reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010134 structural reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 6
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100023578 Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-7 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101000905723 Homo sapiens Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-7 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001500 aryl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYHCIOZMFCLUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenoxybenzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 UYHCIOZMFCLUDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N Carbon-13 Chemical compound [13C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005570 heteronuclear single quantum coherence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-RALIUCGRSA-N nitrobenzene-d5 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([2H])=C1[2H] LQNUZADURLCDLV-RALIUCGRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004958 1,4-naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDTMUJBWSGNMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitro-4-phenoxybenzene Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 JDTMUJBWSGNMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004959 2,6-naphthylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C2=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C1[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- ZDNUPMSZKVCETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 ZDNUPMSZKVCETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOCRKHKJFCWTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[6-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2OCCN=2)=N1 YOCRKHKJFCWTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFROBPWVRCYKCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole;pyridine Chemical compound C1CN=CO1.C1CN=CO1.C1=CC=NC=C1 MFROBPWVRCYKCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYAQFHLUEMJOMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenoxybenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 RYAQFHLUEMJOMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alophen Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(=O)C)=CC=C1C(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=C1 KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000809 Alumel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008430 aromatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004883 computer application Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001955 cumulated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007345 electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002463 imidates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000654 isopropylidene group Chemical group C(C)(C)=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001655 poly(etheretheretherketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001657 poly(etheretherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009745 resin transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006114 semi-crystalline semi-aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2650/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2650/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type
- C08G2650/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type containing oxygen in addition to the ether group
- C08G2650/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule characterised by the polymer type containing oxygen in addition to the ether group containing ketone groups, e.g. polyarylethylketones, PEEK or PEK
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4075—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group from self-polymerisable monomers, e.g. OH-Ar-X
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4093—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group characterised by the process or apparatus used
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of composite materials including composite materials based thermostable polymers belonging to the family of poly (aryl-ether-ketone) (PAEK).
- PAEK poly (aryl-ether-ketone)
- the invention relates to a precursor composition, with or without fibrous reinforcements, a composite material whose matrix is a thermostable polymer of the PAEK family, a method of manufacturing such a composite material PAEK type to from said precursor composition and a mechanical part or a structural element made of composite material of PAEK type obtained according to said manufacturing method.
- PAEK Poly (aryl-ether-ketones)
- ether oxygen atom
- ketone carbonyl group
- E denotes an ether function
- K denotes a ketone function. In the rest of the document, these abbreviations will be used instead of the usual names to designate the compounds to which they relate.
- PAEK Poly (aryl-ether-ketones) are used for demanding applications in temperature and / or mechanical stresses, even chemical.
- PAEK are thermostable thermoplastic polymers whose exceptional properties give them a particular interest in aeronautics and space, but also in the fields of automobile, railway, marine, wind, sports, building, electronics or medical implants. [0005] Because of these exceptional properties, solutions are currently being sought to develop means for implementing materials. High performance composites with matrices belonging to the PAEK family.
- thermoplastic matrix composites are restrictive and the quality of the composite manufactured is not always optimal.
- the essential limiting factor for the implementation of a thermoplastic composite is the viscosity of the thermoplastic polymer which will be used as a matrix to coat or to impregnate a fibrous reinforcement. Indeed, even in the molten state, the viscosity of a thermoplastic polymer remains high and thus makes the coating or impregnation of a fibrous reinforcement difficult.
- reinforcing fibers are incorporated into the thermoplastic matrix in the molten state, the latter must coat them correctly and the fibers must be homogeneously distributed in the matrix in order to allow the transmission to the reinforcing fibers of the constraints. mechanical properties of the final composite material.
- the impregnation must be satisfactory to allow the transmission to the reinforcing fibers mechanical stresses experienced by the final composite material.
- the coating or coating of reinforcing fibers with such a matrix provides chemical protection of these fibers.
- the molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer of the matrix is as high as possible.
- the mechanical properties of polymers belonging to the PAEK family are also driven by their molecular weight.
- the necessary molecular weights associated with the rigidity of the chains result in very high viscosities of these polymers in the molten state.
- These viscosities can be between 100 and 3000 Pa.s in the molten state and preferably between 150 and 1500 Pa.s. These high viscosities complicate the use of these polymers as a matrix for the composites and pose serious difficulties in achieving proper embedding or impregnation of the reinforcing fibers.
- the final composite material obtained can then have defects in coating or impregnation with the appearance of micro-voids for example, which are likely to cause mechanical deficiencies and weaken the final composite material.
- the materials based on PAEK are generally shaped by injection molding, extrusion of granules or by laser sintering of the polymer in powder form, for example.
- the operating temperature is greater than 320 ° C and the holding pressure is generally between 50 and 100MPa.
- Such parameters are incompatible with conventional methods of manufacturing composite materials.
- thermosetting polymers such as, for example, the resin transfer molding process ( RTM), injection-reaction molding (RIM), reinforced reaction injection molding (R-RIM), structural injection-reaction molding, (S-RIM), compression injection, pultrusion or even infusion, because it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain a composite material with a coating or impregnation of good quality reinforcing fibers.
- the viscosity of the matrix must be sufficiently small to be able to coat or impregnate the fibrous reinforcement correctly and the polymerization must preferably be carried out without condensation or solvent in order to avoid the appearance of porosities due to the molecules of gas escaping at the time of polymerization and weakening the final material.
- thermoplastic matrix polymer being a semi-crystalline polyamide
- the composition being a precursor composition of the polyamide of constitution of the matrix and comprising a mixture of reactive polyamide prepolymers with amine and / or acid chain ends.
- US 4638037 describes a method for increasing the molecular weight of PAEK, while retaining its crystalline properties.
- the method comprises introducing a group I or II alkali metal salt into the composition.
- the PAEK and salt composition is heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the polymer, the molecular weight of the latter increases.
- the use of salt however, contaminates the polymer, so that further purification is required to reduce the level of salt in the polymer and the process remains difficult to control.
- the synthesis of such macrocycles requires either conditions of very high dilution, in order to promote reactions of the reagent on itself, or conditions of pseudo-dilution by very slow additions of the reagent in the reaction medium to guarantee a low and regular concentration in extremities that have not yet reacted.
- the use of a large amount of solvent is to be avoided both economically and industrially and environmentally.
- the pseudo-dilution times are not very compatible with a production on an industrial scale.
- the object of the invention is therefore to remedy at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the object of the invention is to propose a composition of composite material, or composition for composite material of the PAEK type, the composition having a sufficiently low viscosity, typically less than or equal to 100 Pa.s, preferably less than or equal to 50 Pa.s, and even more preferably between 0.1 and 10 Pa.s, and allowing a new route post-injection synthesis, without condensation or solvent, of thermostable composite materials of the PAEK type, having good thermomechanical properties.
- Such a composition should allow to obtain a good compromise between a good coating and a good fiber distribution or good impregnation of a fibrous substrate and a final composite material PAEK type having good thermomechanical properties.
- the chemistry of this composition, intended to form the matrix of the final composite material, will also have a fast polymerization kinetics, that is to say compatible with industrial processes, and be compatible with a manufacturing process.
- final composite material particularly in a closed mold, such as resin transfer molding (RTM), reaction injection molding (RIM), reinforced reaction injection molding (R-RIM), structural molding by injection-reaction (S-RIM), injection-compression molding, pultrusion, infusion, vacuum bag molding or pressure bag molding, with no by-product eliminated in the polymerization.
- RTM resin transfer molding
- RIM reaction injection molding
- R-RIM reinforced reaction injection molding
- S-RIM structural molding by injection-reaction
- injection-compression molding injection-compression molding
- pultrusion infusion
- vacuum bag molding or pressure bag molding with no by-product eliminated in the polymerization.
- the invention further aims to provide a method of manufacturing a thermostable composite material PAEK type from such a composition having a relatively low viscosity and less than or equal to 100 Pa.s and allowing either a good coating and good distribution of the fibers when such fibers are incorporated directly into the composition in the molten state, that is a good impregnation of a fibrous substrate, so as to obtain a PAEK type composite material having good thermomechanical properties .
- the object of the invention is to provide a functional and / or mechanical part or a structural element made of composite material of the PAEK type. [Brief description of the invention!
- the invention relates to a composition for composite material or composition of poly (aryl ether ketone) type composite material (PAEK), said composition being characterized in that it comprises at least one reactive prepolymer of formula X- (EKKE) -X and / or X- (PAEK) -X with a degree of polymerization n such that 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 15 and preferably 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 10, wherein X represents two identical terminal reactive functions each by a benzoyl group or a terminal phenoxy group, said X functions being able to react with one another or with a chain extender by addition reactions.
- PEEK poly (aryl ether ketone) type composite material
- A represents a bi-radical of non-polymeric structure
- Y represents two identical terminal reactive functions that are capable of reacting by polyaddition with at least one X-function of the reactive prepolymer X- (EKKE) -X and / or X- (PAEK) -X;
- the reactive functional groups X of the reactive prepolymer X- (EKKE) -X and / or X- (PAEK) -X are chosen from one of the following functions: -NH 2 , -
- R 1 represents an aliphatic radical, -CN, -CH 2 CN, -COOH, -CH 2 COOH, cyclic ether functions, polycarbonates, cyclic anhydrides and imino-ethers;
- the reactive functions Y of the chain extender of formula Y-AY are chosen from one of the following functions: imino-ether functions, carboxylic acid functions, cyclic ether functions, polycarbonates functions, cyclic anhydride functions, nitrile functions and primary and secondary amino functions;
- the molar ratio of the reactive functions X / Y is between 0.8 and 1, 2 and preferably equal to 1; the reactive monomer X- (EKKE) -X can be obtained by acylation of
- the reactive oligomer X- (PAEK) -X is preferably a di-functionalized oligomer of X- (PEKK) -X or X- (PEEK) -X, with a degree of polymerization n such that n ⁇ 15 and preferably n ⁇ 10;
- the composition contains reinforcing fibers
- the composition does not contain reinforcing fibers and is intended to impregnate a fibrous substrate.
- the invention also relates to a polymer composite material comprising a PAEK type polymer matrix and a fiber reinforcement, said composite material being characterized in that the polymer matrix is obtained after polymerization of the composition described above.
- the polymer matrix comprises EKK type patterns and / or EEK type patterns.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a composite material of the PAEK type, starting from the composition as described above, said process being characterized in that it comprises a polymerization step by heating the composition, with extension of the chains of the reactive prepolymer by melt mass polyaddition reaction.
- the polymerization is carried out in a closed mold
- a step prior to the polymerization step comprises impregnating a fibrous substrate with said composition in the molten state; the process comprises, simultaneously with the polymerization step, a step of implementation and / or molding;
- the impregnation step of the fibrous substrate is carried out in a closed mold;
- the closed mold may comprise a system for evacuation and / or expansion;
- the polymerization step is carried out at a temperature of between 200 and 400 ° C .;
- the process is chosen from one of the following processes: transfer molding (RTM), infusion, injection-compression molding, reaction injection molding (RIM), injection molding-reinforced reaction (R), RIM), structural reaction injection molding (S-RIM), pultrusion, vacuum bag molding, pressure bag molding.
- RTM transfer molding
- IAM reaction injection molding
- R injection molding-reinforced reaction
- S-RIM structural reaction injection molding
- the invention relates to a mechanical or functional part or structural member PAEK composite material as described above, or obtained according to the manufacturing method as described above.
- This piece can be an auto part, a boat part, a train piece, a sporting article, an airplane or helicopter part, a spaceship or rocket piece, a photovoltaic module part, a piece of wind turbine, a piece of furniture, a building or building room, a piece of telephone or cell phone, a computer or television room, a printer and photocopier room, or a biocompatible room for medical implant.
- the term "monomer” as used refers to a molecule that can undergo polymerization.
- oligomer refers to a molecule characterized by a chain consisting of a small number of monomer units, generally between 2 and a few tens.
- prepolymer is understood to mean a monomer or an oligomer having reactive functions which enable it to participate in a subsequent polymerization and thus to incorporate several monomer units in at least one chain of the final macromolecule.
- polymerization refers to the process of converting a monomer or oligomer into a polymer.
- thermoplastic polymer refers to a polymer that turns into a liquid or becomes more liquid or less viscous when heated and that can take on new forms through the application of heat and pressure.
- thermosetting polymer refers to a pre-polymer in a flexible, solid or viscous state which is irreversibly converted into an insoluble and non-heat-formable polymer network.
- composite material is meant a macroscopic combination of two or more materials immiscible with each other, that is to say a material forming the polymer matrix which ensures the cohesion of the structure of the final composite material and a reinforcing material, generally fibrous.
- fibrous reinforcement covers both short fibers intended to be incorporated into the matrix in the molten state and coated with the matrix, and fibrous substrates intended to be impregnated with the matrix in the molten state. .
- fibrous substrate refers to fabrics, felts or nonwovens which may be in the form of strips, webs, braids, locks or pieces.
- the fibrous substrate is intended to be impregnated with the polymer matrix in the molten state.
- the polyarylene ether ketones (PAEKs) used in the invention comprise the following units of formulas:
- Ar and An may be chosen, preferably, from 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 1,5-naphthylene and 2, 6- naphthylene;
- X denotes an electron-withdrawing group; it can be chosen, preferably, from the carbonyl group and the sulphonyl group,
- Y denotes a group chosen from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and an alkylene group, such as -CH 2 - and isopropylidene.
- At least 50%, preferably at least 70% and more particularly, at least 80% of the X groups are a carbonyl group, and at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and more particularly at least 80% of the Y groups represent an oxygen atom.
- 100% of the X groups denote a carbonyl group and 100% of the Y groups represent an oxygen atom.
- polyarylene ether ketone may be chosen from:
- PEKK poly-ether-ketone-ketone
- PEEK poly-ether-ether-ketone
- PEK poly-ether-ketone
- PEEKK poly-ether-ether-ketone-ketone
- PEEEK poly-ether-ether-ether-ketone
- a reactive precursor composition of relatively low viscosity intended to form the matrix of the composite material This matrix will be reinforced by fibrous reinforcements.
- the precursor composition must allow, in the molten state, a good incorporation and good distribution of fibers in the composition itself, or a good impregnation of a fibrous substrate. It must also be capable, after polymerization reaction, without by-product formation, to ensure excellent cohesion of the composite material and optimum transmission of forces to the reinforcing fibers.
- This composition advantageously comprises a reactive precursor which has a low melt viscosity, preferably less than or equal to 100. Pa.s, more preferably less than or equal to 50 Pa.s and even more preferably, between 0.1 and 10 Pa.s.
- the viscosity of the composition can easily be measured with a rheometer.
- the melt viscosity is measured, with an oscillatory rheometer as a function of time, at 350 ° C. (this temperature is adjusted according to the product to be analyzed), under nitrogen, with a frequency of oscillation, also called solicitation, of 1 Hz, and with a strain amplitude of 5%.
- the melting temperature of the reactive precursor is preferably less than 350 ° C in order to be implemented in conventional methods of manufacturing composite materials.
- the composition also has good thermal stability in the molten state, during its implementation.
- the reactive ends of the reactive precursor are capable of reacting with each other or with a chain extender without condensation.
- the composition for a composite material, or the composition of PAEK-type composite material comprises at least one reactive monomer of formula X- (EKKE) -X and / or a reactive oligomer of formula X- (PAEK) -X, with a degree of polymerization n such that 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 15, and preferably 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 10, as a reactive precursor.
- X represents two identical terminal reactive functions each carried by a benzoyl group or a terminal phenoxy group.
- the EKKE is a low molecular weight monomer synthesized by Friedel-Crafts acylation. It has the advantage of having a melting temperature of 216 ° C and being stable up to about 300 ° C. On the other hand, it does not have any reactive function. This monomer is therefore advantageously functionalized to obtain a reactive precursor of formula X- (EKKE) -X.
- the di-functional monomer of formula X-EKKE-X is very fluid and has a viscosity, in the molten state, generally less than or equal to 1 Pa.s. Such viscosity is completely compatible with conventional methods of manufacturing composite materials such as RTM, RIM, R-RIM, S-RIM, injection-compression molding, pultrusion infusion, etc.
- X represents two identical terminal reactive functions, which are capable of reacting with one another or with a chain extender, by mass polyaddition reaction.
- the degree of polymerization n is greater than 1, that is to say when the prepolymer is a di-functional oligomer of type X- (PAEK) -X (at least 75% of all chain ends being functions of nature X), the viscosity increases.
- PAEK type X-
- the degree n of polymerization is preferably less than or equal to 15 and, even more preferably, it is less than or equal to 10.
- the molar mass of the oligomer is preferably lower than at 10,000 g / mol.
- Such a reactive precursor composition may or may not contain reinforcing fibers. If it contains fibers, these are preferably short, and incorporated in the melt composition by kneading or extrusion, in order to be properly distributed within the composition.
- the viscosity of the reactive precursor composition being less than or equal to 100 Pa.s, and preferably less than or equal to 50 Pa.s, it allows a homogeneous distribution of the fibers within the composition and a good coating of the fibers.
- a subsequent polymerization step, by mass polyaddition reaction, at a temperature of between 200 and 400 ° C. makes it possible to obtain a composite material.
- the polymerization temperature is advantageously chosen according to the stability of the reagents involved and / or the polymerization kinetics and preferably above the melting point of the mixture.
- a polymerization can be carried out in closed mold for example, so as to allow the shaping of a mechanical part or a structural element simultaneously with the polymerization step.
- Such a mold may nevertheless comprise a vacuum system and / or an expansion system.
- the precursor composition does not contain fibers, then it can be used to impregnate a fibrous substrate.
- the impregnation and / or polymerization step may be carried out in a closed mold, for example, so as to allow the shaping of a mechanical part or a structural element simultaneously with the step of polymerization.
- the two successive steps are carried out in the same closed mold.
- X-reactive functional groups of the X- (EKKE) -X and / or X- (PAEK) -X prepolymer of the composition of the reactive precursor composition they are preferably chosen from one of the following functions: -NH 2 , -NH (R 1) wherein R 1 represents an aliphatic radical, -CN, -CH 2 CN, -COOH, -CH 2 COOH, the cyclic ether functions, the polycarbonates functional groups, the cyclic anhydride functions and the imino-functional functions. ethers.
- the synthesis of the bi-functionalized EKKE monomer is preferably carried out by Friedel-Crafts acylation between a mono functionalized monomer X, such as mono substituted diphenyl ether (DPE-X) for example, and terephthalic acid chloride, noted TPC thereafter, or isophthalic acid chloride, noted CPI thereafter.
- a mono functionalized monomer X such as mono substituted diphenyl ether (DPE-X) for example
- DPE-X mono substituted diphenyl ether
- TPC terephthalic acid chloride
- CPI isophthalic acid chloride
- EKKE dinitro O 2 N-EKKE-NO 2 , whose function NO 2 , by its electroattractant deactivating effect, allows the synthesis by acylation of Friedel-Crafts is thus synthesized.
- EKKE dinitro is then chemically reduced to obtain the reactive prepolymer of EKKE di-NH 2 .
- the nitrile functions can react with each other by polyaddition to give a trimer comprising EKKE motifs and a triazine bridge for example.
- the acid functional groups can also react with one another by polyaddition to form a PAEK-type polymer comprising carboxylic anhydride bridges and EKK-type units.
- the amine and acid functions are capable of reacting with at least one chain extender.
- the precursor composition comprises the reactive monomer of formula X- (EKKE) -X and / or the reactive oligomer X- (PAEK) -X and at least one chain extender of formula Y-AY, in which A represents a bi-radical of non-polymeric structure, and Y represents two identical terminal reactive functional groups, capable of reacting by polyaddition with at least one X function of the reactive monomer.
- the Y functions of the chain extender react with the X functions of the reactive monomer of formula X- (EKKE) -X and / or the reactive oligomer X- (PAEK) -X, in forming a bridge, denoted "ZAZ”, according to the following reaction (a):
- the reactive Y functions of such a chain extender are for example chosen from one of the following functions: imino-ether functions, carboxylic acid functions, cyclic ether functions, polycarbonate functions, cyclic anhydride functions , nitrile functions and primary and secondary amino functions.
- the X and Y functions are chosen from the same functions, but the X / Y couple will advantageously be chosen so that the polyaddition reaction can take place.
- the iminoether functions preferably react with the acid functions.
- oxazolines there may be mentioned, for example, the 1, 3 and 1,4-phenylene bis (2-oxazoline), denoted respectively 1,3-PBOX and 1,4-PBOX, and pyridine bis (2-oxazoline), denoted PyBOX. They are thermally stable.
- the 1,3-PBOX has a lower melting temperature Tf, which facilitates the processing methods using it.
- chain extenders carrying polycarbonate functional groups such as, for example, ester polycarbonates, or cyclic anhydride functional carriers or cyclic di-ethers, which react with terminal amine functional groups of the reactive prepolymer, by polyaddition
- polycarbonate functional groups such as, for example, ester polycarbonates, or cyclic anhydride functional carriers or cyclic di-ethers, which react with terminal amine functional groups of the reactive prepolymer, by polyaddition
- the polymer constituting the matrix of the final composite material For the polymer constituting the matrix of the final composite material to have high molecular weights, and to obtain a composite material having good thermomechanical properties, it is necessary to adjust the molar ratio X / Y of the reactive functions. pre-polymer and chain extender. This ratio can vary between 0.8 and 1, 2 knowing that the closer this ratio is to 1, the higher the mass Mn is in the majority of cases. Preferably the ratio of the X / Y reactive functions, respectively of the prepolymer / chain extender, is equal to 1.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a composite material, comprising a PAEK-type matrix and a fibrous reinforcement, the matrix being obtained after polymerization of the reactive precursor composition.
- the prepolymer X- (PAEK) -X advantageously has a melt viscosity such that, alone or in admixture with a chain extender in the precursor composition, it remains less than 100 Pa.s and preferably less than 50 Pa.s and even more preferably between 0.1 and 10 Pa.s.
- the precursor composition contains fibrous reinforcements.
- short fibers are introduced into the composition in the molten state and kneaded in order to ensure a good distribution in the composition.
- the composition may or may not contain a chain extender.
- the composition does not need to include a chain extender since the nitrile functions react with each other at the time of the polymerization.
- the composition may or may not comprise a chain extender. This will depend on the "ZAZ" bridges that one wishes to create according to the desired properties for the final composite material.
- a polymerization step by heating the reactive precursor composition is then carried out at a temperature of between 200 and 400 ° C., the temperature being advantageously chosen as a function of the stability of the reagents involved and the kinetics of polymerization and preferably above the melting point of the mixture.
- This polymerization stage with chain extension by melt mass polyaddition reaction, then makes it possible to manufacture the composite material.
- This step may for example be carried out in a closed mold, so as to allow shaping of the material, simultaneously with the polymerization step and thus to obtain a mechanical part or a structural element made of composite material.
- a step prior to the polymerization step consists in impregnating a fibrous substrate.
- the viscosity of the composition in the molten state that is to say the viscosity of the pre-polymer alone, or in admixture with a chain extender, under the conditions of impregnation of the fibrous substrate and in particular at the impregnation temperature, is less than 100 Pa.s and preferably less than 50 Pa.s and, even more preferably, between 0.1 and 10 Pa.s.
- the impregnation temperature is generally greater than the melting temperature and, in the absence of a melting temperature, greater than the glass transition temperature of said prepolymer and the temperature of the melting said chain extender.
- the polymerization step is carried out at a temperature between 200 and 400 ° C and selected according to the stability of the reagents involved and preferably above the melting point of the mixture.
- a forming step is advantageously carried out by molding in order to obtain a mechanical part or a structural element made of composite material whose matrix is of PAEK type.
- the impregnation step and / or the polymerization step may (may) be carried out in a closed mold.
- the two steps, successive or simultaneous, are performed in the same closed mold.
- the choice of the constituents of the precursor composition that is to say the choice of the chain length of the pre-polymer and its terminal reactive functions and the choice of the chain extender, will depend on the composite material. desired and the desired composite material part. This choice will be conditioned in particular by the desired level of reinforcement, that is to say the rate of fibers and their porosities, the volume and the thickness of the final part and the thermomechanical properties sought for the final composite material.
- the polymer matrix of the final composite material which results from the mass polyaddition polymerization of the prepolymer with itself or with a chain extender, has the same main (unitary) repeating units as said prepolymer and bridges or elongation units resulting from the addition reactions between the pre-polymer chains.
- the reactive prepolymer is an X- (PAEK) -X oligomer
- it is preferably an X- (PEKK) -X
- the main repeating units of the resulting matrix are EKK motifs
- an X- (PEEK) -X and the main repeating units of the resulting matrix are EEK patterns.
- the constituent polymer of the matrix of the composite material obtained is a thermoplastic polymer, it may be semi-crystalline or amorphous.
- the polymer obtained may also be a thermosetting polymer.
- the fiber reinforcement it may consist of fibers directly incorporated into the precursor composition in the molten state, or may be in the form of a fibrous substrate intended to be impregnated by the precursor composition in the molten state.
- the fibers of constitution of the fibrous reinforcement are in particular fibers of mineral, organic or vegetable origin.
- fibers of mineral origin mention may be made of carbon fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, silica fibers, or silicon carbide fibers, for example.
- fibers of organic origin mention may be made of the polymer fibers chosen from thermosetting polymer, thermoplastic polymer fibers or their mixtures.
- these fibers have a melting temperature Tf greater than the Tf of the reactive precursor composition intended to form the matrix of the composite material when the latter is semi-crystalline.
- fibers of constitution can be used alone or in mixtures.
- organic fibers can be mixed with the mineral fibers.
- the fibers are optionally single-strand, multi-strand or a mixture of both, and may have several grammages. They can also have several geometries. Thus, they can be in the form of short fibers. Such short fibers can then be directly incorporated into the melt reactive precursor composition, and kneaded to be homogeneously distributed in the composition and to be properly coated with the composition.
- these fibers may comprise fibrous substrates intended to be impregnated with the reactive precursor composition before polymerization so as to form a pre-impregnated substrate.
- Such substrates are then felts or nonwovens which may be in the form of strips, webs, braids, locks or pieces, or in the form of continuous fibers, which make up 2D fabrics, fibers or fiber tows. unidirectional (UD) or nonwoven.
- the fibers constituting the fibrous substrate may also be in the form of a mixture of these reinforcing fibers of different geometries.
- the fibrous substrate can have different shapes and dimensions, one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
- a fibrous substrate comprises an assembly of one or more fibers. When the fibers are continuous, their assembly forms tissues.
- the fibrous substrate is constituted by continuous fibers of carbon, glass or silicon carbide or their mixture, in particular carbon fibers. It is used in the form of a lock or several locks.
- the invention relates to a polymer composite material comprising a PAEK-type polymer matrix and a fibrous reinforcement, said fibrous reinforcement being either in the form of short fibers or in the form of a fibrous substrate.
- the polymer matrix of PAEK type is obtained after polymerization of the reactive precursor composition comprising at least the reactive prepolymer and, optionally, the chain extender. When the reactive precursor composition is in the molten state, prior to its polymerization, either it contains short reinforcing fibers or it impregnates a fibrous substrate.
- the short fibers or the fibrous substrate are intended to form the fibrous reinforcement capable of ensuring the mechanical strength of the final composite material undergoing mechanical stresses.
- the polymer matrix of the composite material obtained after polymerization of the reactive precursor composition comprises EKK units, or EEK units, and other units resulting from the coupling between the reactive functions of the pre-polymer itself or with the reactive functions of the polymer. chain extender.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a mechanical part or a structural element of PAEK type composite material obtained according to the method of manufacturing a composite material which has just been described.
- thermomechanical properties At the end of the polymerization, there is then obtained a mechanical part or a structural element of composite material whose polymer matrix is reinforced at impact and has very good thermomechanical properties.
- RTM resin transfer molding
- RIM reaction injection molding
- R-RIM reinforced reaction injection molding
- S-RIM injection molding and reaction molding
- the preferred manufacturing methods for the manufacture of composite parts are processes in which the reactive precursor composition is polymerized in a mold, more preferably in a closed mold, so that the final part is shaped simultaneously with polymerization.
- the composition When the composition does not contain reinforcing fibers, it is preferably transferred to the fibrous substrate by impregnating the fibrous substrate in a mold, and then polymerized.
- the impregnation step of the fibrous material is carried out in a closed mold.
- the polymerization step of the reactive precursor composition impregnating said fibrous substrate takes place after the impregnation step in the same mold. More preferably, the impregnation step and the polymerization step are carried out in the same closed mold.
- the process for manufacturing composite parts is chosen from resin transfer molding or infusion.
- the composite part is in particular an automobile part, a piece of boat, a piece of train, a sporting article, a piece of plane or helicopter, a piece of spaceship or rocket, a piece photovoltaic module, a piece of wind turbine, a piece of furniture, a piece of construction or building, a piece of telephone or mobile phone, a piece of computer or television, a printer and copier part, or a biocompatible piece for medical implant.
- the examples described below do not relate to the manufacture of composite materials. They concern the synthesis of a reactive prepolymer, the manufacture of a reactive precursor composition based on the previously synthesized reactive prepolymer and finally, a step of polymerizing the precursor composition to form a polymer intended to form the matrix of a composite material. It is understood that to obtain a composite material, it is appropriate to either incorporate fibers directly into the reactive precursor composition in the molten state, by mixing, or impregnate a fibrous substrate with the precursor composition reactive in the molten state, prior to the polymerization step.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the 1 H proton (300 MHz), the 13 C carbon (75 MHz) and the HSQC (HC) couplings (2D) were recorded using a Brucker spectrometer. 300 MHz.
- the multiplicities are denoted singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), quadruplet (q) and multiplet (m).
- FTIR Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra
- the absorptions reported are expressed in wavenumber (cm -1 ) and presented in transmittance mode.
- the products are placed on a platinum with a square diamond cell 2 mm side.A screw adjustable in height can hold them against the measurement cell A blank measurement of the air is performed before each analysis, and a dozen scans are cumulated for each FTIR spectrum.
- the apparatus used is a TA Instruments DSC Q2000 instrument.
- the principle of measuring the heat flow DSC is based on the difference measurement of the heat fluxes. exchanged between the sample and the reference.
- the sample TE and reference TR temperatures are measured using thermocouples attached below the cup support trays.
- the oven temperature T0 is measured by means of a thermocouple placed between the two cups.
- the heat flows QR and QE exchanged between the furnace and respectively the reference and the sample are thus calculated.
- the output signal is obtained by the difference of the QR and QE heat flux between the sample and the reference.
- the cooling of the block is ensured by a system allowing to reach -90 ° C.
- Thermogravimetric analyzes were made with a TA Instrument Q500 This device is composed of two main elements: a very sensitive microbalance coupled to a temperature controlled oven The microbalance is capable of detecting a variation of 0.1 mg for a maximum capacity
- the sample is placed in a platinum cup and the beam maintains the plate in equilibrium via a current proportional to the mass supported.
- the temperature is regulated between 30 ° C and 1000 ° C with temperature rises. up to 200 "C.min " 1.
- a thermocouple close to the sample monitors the temperature and regulates the heating power.
- Calibration was performed with Alumel and Nickel with Curie points of 163 ° C and 358 ° C, respectively. All the analyzes were carried out between 30 and 700 ° C. with a temperature rise rate set at 10 ° C. min -1 , under nitrogen or in air (20 ml.min -1 ), with test sample variations. from 5 to 15 mg.
- the characteristic bands of the EKKE skeleton and the -CN-terminal group at 2223 cm -1 are also visible.
- ATG analyzes were conducted under nitrogen with heating rates of 10 minutes up to 680 ° C.
- the non-functionalized EKKE monomer is known to sublimate before degrading.
- the loss temperature of 5% mass of nonfunctional ⁇ is 300 ° C.
- the functionalization of ⁇ by the nitrile functions brings a gain of 109 ° C for the loss temperature of 5% of mass compared to ⁇ non-functionalized, passing to 409 ° C.
- the DSC analyzes were conducted for three cycles of heating-cooling under nitrogen flow at 10 min. A supercooling phenomenon is observed during the recrystallization of this monomer (and this even with cooling at a rate of 2 ° C.min -1 ) Moreover, no T g is observed.
- a thermal stability threshold (stability threshold) was determined by looking for the temperature beyond which the heating-cooling cycles are no longer repeatable (with regard to the Tf, Te and their energies). This threshold is more representative of the heat-stable nature of this monomer than the values obtained by ATG because of the possible sublimation of the EKKE structures. For the replaced NC-EKKE-CN this stability threshold is 460 ° C.
- the para-substituted NC-EKKE-CN monomer previously synthesized in A) comprises terminal nitrile reactive functions which can react with one another so as to form a trimer.
- the trimerization reaction is a cyclo-addition involving three nitrile groups which, in combination, form a non-condensing triazine ring.
- the trimerization reaction is shown in Scheme 2 below.
- the synthesis can be carried out in the presence of a super acid, such as trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, also called triflic acid CF3SO3H. More particularly, the synthesis of the trimer consists of the gradual addition of NC-EKKE-CN previously substituted para-synthesized (0.5 g), on 2.5 ml of triflic acid, at -7 ° C with stirring for 20 min. The medium is then transferred to a mold at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 12 hours. After drying at 60 ° C for 20 minutes, a khaki membrane is obtained by quenching in water with a yield of 99%. A second drying at 140 ° C. under vacuum for 24 hours makes it possible to eliminate traces of water.
- a super acid such as trifluoromethanesulphonic acid
- the trimerization reaction leads to the formation of a thermosetting polymer of khaki color.
- the FTIR analysis of the material obtained shows the disappearance of the v (C ⁇ N) band characteristic of nitrile functions at 2223 cm -1 and the appearance of two bands at 1363 and 1518 cm -1 characteristic of aromatic triazine rings. .
- the characteristic signals of an EKKE skeleton are also present, in particular with the appearance of two bands respectively at 1227 cm -1 characteristic of the ether functions and at 1655 cm -1 characteristic of the ketone functions.
- the TGA analysis shows a different mass loss profile of NC-CN EKKE para-substituted with a mass rd T pe 5% 452 ° C (against 409 ° C for the NC-EKKE-CN) and a residual rate of 67% at 680 ° C. Tg at 223 ° C is observed in DSC. On the other hand, no other signal appears up to 350 ° C. This makes it possible to define this polymer as amorphous and thermally stable up to 350 ° C. since it has not changed in appearance.
- Example 2 Although the polymer obtained is a thermosetting polymer, and therefore not recyclable, it is of great interest because of its thermomechanical properties.
- Example 2
- the medium Once the medium has cooled to room temperature, it is added dropwise to a 1 L reactor containing 800 ml of 10% hydrochloric acid with mechanical stirring, under a stream of nitrogen, equipped with a refrigerant and immersed in a solution. ice bath to precipitate a white suspension for 1 h. The product is then filtered, washed with water and then with 8 ⁇ 200 ml of methanol (MeOH). The product is purified by recrystallization in ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (1200 mL) and then washed again with nitrobenzene and finally acetone. After drying in a vacuum oven at 110 ° C. for 18 h, 48.3 g of O 2 N-EKKE-NO 2 are recovered (83% yield).
- DMAc ⁇ -dimethylacetamide
- the DSC analyzes were conducted for three cycles of heating-cooling under nitrogen flow at 10 min. A supercooling phenomenon is observed during the recrystallization of this monomer (even with cooling at a rate of 2 ° C.min -1 ). Moreover, no T g is observed. A thermal stability threshold (stability threshold) was determined by looking for the temperature beyond which the heating-cooling cycles are no longer repeatable (with regard to the Tf, Te and their energies). This threshold is more representative of the heat-stable nature of this monomer than the values obtained by ATG because of the possible sublimation of the EKKE structures. For O2N-EKKE-NO2 para substituted this stability threshold is 300 ° C.
- a prepolymer of EKKE para di-NH 2 is therefore prepared from the prepolymer of EKKE para di-nitro B- Synthesis of the prepolymer of EKKE para di-NH?
- This prepolymer of H 2 N-EKKE-NH 2 is prepared by chemical reduction of the O 2 N-EKKE-NO 2 previously prepared in step A).
- the chemical reduction reaction is shown in Figure 4 below:
- a PAEK-type polymer from a reactive precursor composition comprising the EKKE para-NH 2 prepolymer
- the reactive precursor composition comprises, in this example, the previously synthesized prepolymer of EKKE para diamine and the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, again noted “DGEBA zero" in the following description, as a chain extender.
- the FTIR analysis of the material obtained shows the disappearance of the characteristic signals of the amines at 3370 and 3462 cm -1 .
- the characteristic signals of an EKKE backbone are present, as shown in the table below.
- the material obtained is a thermosetting, amorphous and thermostable polymer up to a temperature greater than or equal to 300 ° C.
- thermoplastic structure by coupling the DGEBA chain extender with a di-functionalized EKKE monomer or oligomer whose terminal reactive functions are secondary amines of the -NH (Ri) type, where Ri represents an aliphatic radical.
- the secondary amino ends can react only once with the chain extender and allow to obtain a thermoplastic matrix, recyclable.
- the prepolymer capable of reacting with DGEBA may be (H 3 C) HN- (EKK) n -NH (CH 3 ) or the monomer (H 3 C) HN- (EKKE) - NH (CH 3 ).
- AlCl 3 aluminum chloride
- DPE-COOH 4-phenoxybenzoic acid
- IPC isophthalic acid chloride
- the HOOC-EKKE-COOH pre-polymer substituted meta is a good candidate for in-situ polymerization without condensation. It has a melting temperature Tf of 299 ° C. which corresponds to the limit of the high temperatures tolerated for conventional processes, such as, for example, the RTM process, in particular during the injection and polymerization steps.
- Tf melting temperature
- the ATG analyzes were conducted under nitrogen with heating rates of 10 minutes up to 680 ° C.
- the non-functionalized EKKE monomer is known to sublimate before degrading.
- the loss temperature of 5% mass of nonfunctional ⁇ is 300 ° C.
- the functionalization of ⁇ by the acid functions brings a gain of 59 ° C for the loss temperature of 5% of mass compared to ⁇ non-functionalized, passing to 359 ° C.
- the DSC analyzes were conducted for three cycles of heating-cooling under nitrogen flow at 10 min. A supercooling phenomenon is observed during the recrystallization of this monomer (and this even with cooling at a rate of 2 ° C.min -1 ) Moreover, no T g is observed, a threshold of thermal stability ( Stability Tsar) was determined by researching the temperature beyond which the heating-cooling cycles are no longer repeatable (with regard to the Tf, Te and their energies). This threshold is more representative of the heat-stable nature of this monomer than the values obtained by ATG because of the possible sublimation of the EKKE structures. For the meta-substituted HOOC-EKKE-COOH this stability threshold is 375 ° C.
- the reactive precursor composition comprises the precursor of EKKE diacid substituted meta previously synthesized in step A) and 1,4-phenylene bisoxaline, noted 1, 4-PBOX in the following description, as as chain extender.
- the mixture of HOOC-EKKE-COOH and PBOX is performed manually with stoichiometry of the reactive ends on approximately 10 mg of material. This mixture is then introduced into a DSC capsule. Once the capsule is sealed, it is heated at 240 ° C for 10 minutes. The reaction is then stopped by cooling the apparatus.
- the product obtained is semicrystalline with a Tg of 148 ° C, a Tf of 255 ° C and a threshold of thermal stability below 270 ° C.
- the theoretical repeating unit of the polymers resulting from these couplings is an EKKE with a "ZAZ" aromatic ester-amide bridge composed of a aliphatic chain with two CH 2 , hereinafter referred to as "ZAZ ester - C2 aromatic amide".
- the vibration band of the NH bond of the amide is also visible around 3300 cm -1 .
- the examples which have just been described are based on a di-functionalized EKKE monomer. It is safe to use a di-functionalized oligomer of X- (PAEK) -X type, as long as the degree of polymerization remains less than or equal to 15 and preferably less than or equal to 10, and the viscosity of the precursor composition reactive with the melt state remains less than or equal to 100 Pa.s and preferably less than or equal to 50 Pa.s.
- the oligomer of X- (PAEK) -X type is preferably a di-functionalized oligomer of X- (PEKK) -X or X- (PEEK) -X.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1561653A FR3044313B1 (fr) | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | Composition de ou pour materiau composite, procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite de type paek a partir de ladite composition et materiau composite de type paek |
| PCT/FR2016/053128 WO2017093650A1 (fr) | 2015-12-01 | 2016-11-29 | Composition de ou pour materiau composite, procede de fabrication d'un materiau composite de type paek a partir de ladite composition et materiau composite de type paek |
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| CN113149830A (zh) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 深圳市沃特新材料股份有限公司 | 1,4双(4-苯氧基苯甲酰基)苯以及聚醚酮酮的制备方法 |
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| EP2765163A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-13 | Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, LLC. | Dispositif électronique portable |
| EP2899230A1 (fr) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-29 | Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, LLC. | Articles pour automobiles |
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