EP3383577A1 - Method for producing a clutch pack formed by clutch plates arranged on top of one another, and device for carrying out a method of this type - Google Patents

Method for producing a clutch pack formed by clutch plates arranged on top of one another, and device for carrying out a method of this type

Info

Publication number
EP3383577A1
EP3383577A1 EP16819433.0A EP16819433A EP3383577A1 EP 3383577 A1 EP3383577 A1 EP 3383577A1 EP 16819433 A EP16819433 A EP 16819433A EP 3383577 A1 EP3383577 A1 EP 3383577A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
lamellae
pack
head
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16819433.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Böker Björn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Feintool International Holding AG
Original Assignee
Kienle and Spiess GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kienle and Spiess GmbH filed Critical Kienle and Spiess GmbH
Publication of EP3383577A1 publication Critical patent/EP3383577A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
    • B21D28/22—Notching the peripheries of circular blanks, e.g. laminations for dynamo-electric machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
    • B23K20/2336—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer both layers being aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
    • B23P2700/12—Laminated parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a lamellae consisting of superimposed lamellas according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out such a method according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • the invention has the object of providing the generic method and the generic device in such a way that the slats can be reliably connected to each other regardless of the starting material and the stack density within the disk pack.
  • the lamellae can be firmly joined together in a simple, cost-saving manner, regardless of the material composition of the lamellae.
  • the material of the lamellae at the edge area is plastified locally by using the tool to locally heat the lamella so much that the lamellar material is plasticized. Then this plasticized material can be mixed by means of the tool between adjacent lamellae. This has the consequence that after the cooling of the plasticized material, the slat len firmly cohesively connected to each other.
  • the tool itself is chosen so that it is not soft or plasticized in this process itself. If the fins are made of silicon-aluminum strips, then the silicon content can be so high that the magnetic losses are low.
  • a simple and secure connection of the slats within the disk pack is obtained in an advantageous manner when the tool is moved over the height of the disk pack and is pressed with such a high force against the disk pack that the material of the slats is plasticized in the contact area with the tool .
  • the tool can be adapted with regard to the width of the weld seam which forms on the circumference of the disk pack. If this weld is to have only very small width, a correspondingly narrow tool is used. With the height and / or the duration of the contact pressure can be determined how deep the material of the slats is plasticized in the implementation of the method.
  • the tool is advantageously rotatably driven during one of the feed movement about its axis.
  • the plasticized material of adjacent lamellae is mixed together in a simple manner.
  • the tool is moved in the axial direction along the disk pack.
  • a weld seam extending in the axial direction is also produced on the disk pack.
  • the tool can also be moved at an angle obliquely over the height of the disk set, so that the resulting weld no longer runs axially, but has a slope.
  • the tool is stationary and is rotatably driven about its axis.
  • the disk pack is moved over its height relative to the stationary tool and in this case pressed with such a high force against the tool that the material of the blades is plasticized in the contact area.
  • the tool can be adapted with regard to the width of the weld seam forming on the circumference of the disk pack.
  • the feed motion of the tool can be very easily programmed via a controller.
  • a simple and time-saving method of operation results when the disc pack is processed with two or more tools.
  • the tools advantageously work simultaneously on the disk set, so that over the circumference of the disk set the required welds can be attached to the desired extent.
  • the tools are independently drivable. This makes it possible to selectively control the individual tools and, for example, to give them different feed paths.
  • the tools can also be provided within a stacking device, in which the lamellae are stacked to form the disk set.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one welding tool is rotatably driven about its axis and can be moved transversely to this axis of rotation during machining. During its feed movement, the tool is rotatably driven about its axis, whereby the high, required for plasticizing the fin material frictional heat is generated in the slats.
  • the tool is provided with an outer head which is rotatably driven about its axis.
  • an outer head which is rotatably driven about its axis.
  • a gear or a belt drive can be provided.
  • a center head is advantageously housed, which is rotatably or freely rotatably connected to the outer head.
  • the center head is taken by the rotating outer head.
  • the center head is adjustable in the axial direction of the outer head relative to the outer head and preferably rotatable.
  • This adjustment is achieved in a preferred embodiment by means of a spindle drive, through which the center head can be adjusted relative to the outer head.
  • a compact design of the tool results when the outer head and the center head are coaxial with each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in side view of an inventive device for punching lamellae to form a disk set
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a two-head friction stir tool
  • FIG. 6 shows the friction-stir tools and the disk pack according to FIG. 5 in FIG.
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of a disk pack, the lamellas through
  • Friction stir welding are connected to each other,
  • FIG. 8 the disk pack of FIG. 7 in side view.
  • slats 2 (FIG. 8) are cut in a known manner from a metal strip (electrical strip) 1 or an electrical sheet, which are stacked to form a plate pack 3.
  • the disk set 3 is used for the production of rotors or stators of electric motors or generators.
  • the metal strip 1 is wound on a reel 4 which is rotatable about its axis.
  • the unwound from the reel 4 metal strip 1 is passed through a straightening apparatus 5, through which the metal strip 1 is directed for the subsequent punching process.
  • the metal strip 1 passes after the straightening apparatus 5 in a punch press 6, in which from the metal strip 1, the slats 2 are punched.
  • two or more bands 1 can be performed side by side, so that simultaneously from the individual metal bands 1, the slats 2 can be punched. Further, it is possible to punch the lamellae in the metal strip 1 not only in one lane, but also, for example, in two lanes.
  • the punch press 6 is provided with one or more corresponding punching tools 7.
  • the slats 2 stamped with them enter a shaft 8 into which the slats 2 are pressed immediately after punching.
  • the shaft 8 forms a receptacle and is formed in a known manner so that the slats 2 abut with its edge under friction on the inner wall of the shaft 8, so that they do not fall out of the shaft 8.
  • the punched fins 2 are set to a stack in the shaft 8.
  • the respective punched lamella 2 is pressed down onto the lamellae already located in the shaft.
  • Into the shaft 8 protrudes a (not shown) stamp on which the slats 2 are stacked to the disk pack 3.
  • the stamp is gradually moved down so that the respective punched lamella 2 are moved so far down into the shaft 8 can that the subsequent slat to be punched 2 can be reliably pressed into the slot 8.
  • each metal strip 1 is assigned a shaft 8, so that a plurality of plate packs can be stacked next to one another in the punching press 6 at the same time.
  • a transport device such as a rotary unit, promoted in the area above the shaft 8 and then pressed into the shaft 8 .
  • Such a transport device is particularly advantageous if the lamellae 2 are punched out of a metal strip 1 in adjacent tracks. Then the adjacent slats 2 can be transported with such a transport unit in the single shaft 8.
  • the slats 2 lying on top of one another in the disk pack 3 are firmly connected to one another.
  • the overlapping lamellae 2 are connected to each other transversely to their plane by a plasticizing process by partially plasticizing the lamellas 2 at the edge such that overlapping lamellae 2 are firmly bonded to one another after cooling of this material.
  • the punch press 6 is provided with at least one Rchanreibsch routineillon 9, which is advantageously arranged in the region of a stacking device of the punch press 9.
  • a weld 10 is formed (FIGS. 7 and 8), which extends over the height of the lamella packet 3.
  • only one weld 10 can be sufficient.
  • two diametrically opposed welds 10 are provided on the disk set 3. It can Depending on the size of the disk pack 3 further welds may be provided, with which the slats 2 are held together within the disk pack 3.
  • a friction stir welding device 9 which is arranged to be adjustable over the circumference of the disk set 3 is basically sufficient for this purpose. However, a faster process procedure results if, in each case, a friction stir welding device 9 is provided for each weld seam 10 to be attached to the disk set 3.
  • the friction stir welding device 9 has a tool 9 'with a cylindrical outer head 11 (FIG. 3) in which a center head 12 is accommodated.
  • the outer head 1 1 is rotatably driven about its axis by means of a gear or belt drive.
  • the center head 12 can be adjusted by means of a spindle drive axially in relation to the outer head 1 1 exactly.
  • the center head 12 is taken correspondingly rotating.
  • a radial annular shoulder 13 is formed at the transition between the center head 12 and the outer head 1 1, a radial annular shoulder 13 is formed.
  • the tool 9 ' is moved radially against the disk pack 3 until its end face 14 comes into contact with the jacket 15 of the disk pack.
  • the tool 9 ' is pressed with high axial force against the disk pack 3, wherein it is rotatably driven about its axis. Due to the friction between the flat end face 14 of the tool 9 'and the disk set 3, the material under the end face 14 heats up to just below the melting point of the material of the disk set 3. Due to this high temperature, the material of the disk set 3 is plasticized.
  • the rotating tool 9 ' is now moved in the height direction of the disk set 3, wherein the high axial force and the rotational speed are maintained.
  • the mixing movement of the tool results in a mixing of the tool Materials of superimposed slats 3 instead.
  • the material mixing is due to the fact that the tool 9 'carries out the feed movement with simultaneous rotational movement.
  • the feed rate is chosen so that in the region of the tool 9 ', the material of the superimposed slats 2 is soft. Due to the rotational movement, the materials of the overlapping lamellae 2 mix, so that after cooling of the plasticized material, the lamellae 2 within the lamella packet 3 are materially interconnected.
  • the tool 9 ' is advantageously moved in the axial direction along the disk set 3, so that the weld 10 extends on the jacket of the disk set 3 in the axial direction.
  • the tool 9 ' can basically be moved in different directions along the disk set 3, so that the weld seam 10 has a different course.
  • the weld 10 can extend obliquely to the axial direction of the disk set 3, viewed perpendicular to the axis of the disk set 3.
  • the weld 10 by appropriate movement of the tool 9 'in the height direction of the disk pack 3 have different oblique course.
  • the weld 10 is provided on the jacket 15 of the disk set 3, that the slats 2 are securely connected to each other.
  • two diametrically opposed tools are used to connect the slats 2 in the disk set 3.
  • two opposing welds 10 are formed on the jacket 15 of the disk set 3.
  • the two tools 9 ' are advantageously controlled independently of each other, so that different profiles of the welds 10 can be generated.
  • metal bands which consist of silicon-aluminum alloys.
  • silicon-aluminum alloys In such metal bands is often desired to choose the silicon content as high as possible.
  • the silicon contents in such silicon-aluminum alloys may contain more than about 4% by weight of silicon without adversely affecting the cohesive bonding of the laminations 2 together.
  • the material of the lamellae is plasticized, wherein the plasticized material of adjacent lamellae 2 is mixed together by the rotational movement of the tool 9' during its advancing movement, whereby the secure cohesion of the lamellae 2 is ensured after cooling of the plasticized material.
  • the welds 10 have only a small depth, so that they have no adverse effects on the plate pack 3 and on the properties of this disc pack containing electric motor.
  • the weld depth is chosen so that a secure composite of the slats 2 is given to each other.
  • the method described can be carried out simply, reliably and within a short time.
  • the disk packs 3 produced in this way can be easily handled and transported without the risk that within the disk pack 3 slats 2 solve.
  • the tool 9 is also possible to arrange the tool 9 'stationary and to rotate about its axis during the welding process.
  • the plate pack 3 is about its height relative to the stationary
  • Tool 9 ' moves and in this case with such a high force against the tool 9' pressed that the material of the slats 2 is plasticized within the disk pack 3 in the manner described in the contact area.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Packaging For Recording Disks (AREA)

Abstract

In order to produce a clutch pack (3), clutch plates are cut from an electrical steel strip or sheet, arranged on top of one another to form the clutch pack (3) and connected to one another within the clutch pack (3). The material of the clutch plates is locally plasticised in the edge region via the generation of frictional heat by means of at least one tool (9'), in such a way that the material of at least adjacent clutch plates is mixed with the tool (9') such that, after the plasticised material has cooled, these clutch plates are integrally connected to one another. The device used for this purpose has at least one punch press and/or at least one receiving means for one or more clutch packs (3). In addition, the device has at least one welding tool that is rotatably driven about its axis and can be moved in a transverse direction to its rotational axis.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus aufeinander liegenden Lamellen bestehenden Lamellenpaketes sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens  Method for producing a lamellar packet consisting of superimposed lamellae and device for carrying out such a method
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus aufeinander liegenden Lamellen bestehenden Lamellenpaketes nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 12. The invention relates to a method for producing a lamellae consisting of superimposed lamellas according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out such a method according to the preamble of claim 12.
Es ist bekannt, Lamellen aus einem Elektroblech zu schneiden und sie zur Bildung eines Lamellenpaketes aufeinanderzulegen. Anschließend werden die aneinanderliegenden Lamellen formschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Hierfür sind die Lamellen mit wenigstens einem Vorsprung versehen, mit dem die Lamellen in entsprechende Vertiefungen der jeweils benachbarten Lamelle eingreifen. Die Herstellung solcher Lamellen ist aufwändig. Zudem kann es vorkommen, dass sich diese Formschlussverbindung beispielsweise beim Transport oder bei der Lagerung des Lamellenpaketes löst. It is known to cut slats from an electrical sheet and superimpose them to form a disk pack. Subsequently, the adjacent slats are positively connected with each other. For this purpose, the lamellae are provided with at least one projection, with which engage the lamellae in corresponding recesses of the respective adjacent lamella. The production of such slats is expensive. In addition, it may happen that this positive connection dissolves, for example, during transport or during storage of the disk pack.
Es ist weiter bekannt, die Lamellen innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes durch dieses Lamellenpaket durchsetzende Schrauben oder Nieten fest miteinander zu verbinden. Auch diese Vorgehensweise ist aufwändig. Zudem müssen, insbesondere wenn höhere Lamellenpäkete gebildet werden sollen, die Lamellen vor dem Auflegen jeweils um einen bestimmten Winkelbetrag gedreht werden, um sicherzustellen, dass das Lamellenpaket über seinen Umfang konstante Höhe hat. It is also known to firmly connect the slats within the plate pack through this plate pack passing through screws or rivets. This procedure is also expensive. In addition, especially when higher Lamellenpäkete to be formed, the slats must be rotated before placing each by a certain angle to ensure that the disk pack has constant height over its circumference.
Es sind darum auch Verfahren bekannt, bei denen aufeinanderliegende Lamellen miteinander verklebt werden. Bei einem weiteren bekannten Verfahren werden die aufeinanderliegenden Lamellen miteinander verschweißt. Diesem Schweißverfahren sind allerdings Grenzen gesetzt. Für die Verwendung der Lamellenpakete bei Rotoren und/oder Statoren von Elektromotoren oder Generatoren werden häufig Metallbänder verwendet, die aus Silizium und Aluminium bestehen. Bei Siliziumanteilen von mehr als etwa 3 Gew.-% oder Silizium und Aluminiumanteilen von mehr als 4 Gew.-% lassen sich solche Lamellen sehr schlecht schweißen. Ein hoher Siliziumanteil ist allerdings gewünscht, weil sich dadurch die magnetischen Verluste verringern und sich damit höhere Leistungen erzielen lassen. Weiterhin sind die mit einem EC-3 Isolationslack beschichteten Lamellen schwer zu schweißen. Auch entstehen große und/oder auch tiefe Wärmezonen. Die Spalte zwischen den Blechen sind genau einzustellen, um ein gutes Schweißergebnis zu erzielen. There are therefore also known methods in which superimposed slats are glued together. In another known method, the superposed laminas are welded together. However, there are limits to this welding process. For the use of the disk packs in rotors and / or stators of electric motors or generators often metal strips are used, which consist of silicon and aluminum. With silicon contents of more than about 3% by weight or silicon and aluminum contents of more than 4% by weight, such lamellae are very difficult to weld. However, a high silicon content is desired, because this reduces the magnetic losses and can thus achieve higher outputs. Furthermore, the lamellae coated with an EC-3 insulating varnish are difficult to weld. Also arise large and / or deep heat zones. The gaps between the sheets must be precisely adjusted to achieve a good welding result.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, das gattungsgemäße Verfahren und die gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung so auszubilden, dass die Lamellen unabhängig vom Ausgangsmaterial und der Stapeldichte zuverlässig innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes miteinander verbunden werden können. The invention has the object of providing the generic method and the generic device in such a way that the slats can be reliably connected to each other regardless of the starting material and the stack density within the disk pack.
Diese Aufgabe wird beim gattungsgemäßen Verfahren erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und bei der gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 12 gelöst. This object is achieved according to the invention in the generic method with the characterizing features of claim 1 and in the generic device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 12.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich die Lamellen in einfacher, kostensparender Weise fest miteinander verbinden, unabhängig von der Materialzusammensetzung der Lamellen. Mit dem Werkzeug wird das Material der Lamellen am Randbereich örtlich plastifiziert, indem mit dem Werkzeug die Lamelle örtlich so stark erhitzt wird, dass das Lamellenmaterial plastifiziert wird. Dann kann dieses plastifizierte Material mittels des Werkzeuges zwischen benachbarten Lamellen vermischt werden. Dies hat zur Folge, dass nach dem Erkalten des plastifizierten Materials die Lamel- len fest stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Das Werkzeug selbst wird so gewählt, dass es bei diesem Verfahren selbst nicht weich bzw. plas- tifiziert wird. Werden die Lamellen aus Silizium-Aluminium-Bändern hergestellt, dann kann der Siliziumanteil so hoch sein, dass die magnetischen Verluste gering sind. With the method according to the invention, the lamellae can be firmly joined together in a simple, cost-saving manner, regardless of the material composition of the lamellae. With the tool, the material of the lamellae at the edge area is plastified locally by using the tool to locally heat the lamella so much that the lamellar material is plasticized. Then this plasticized material can be mixed by means of the tool between adjacent lamellae. This has the consequence that after the cooling of the plasticized material, the slat len firmly cohesively connected to each other. The tool itself is chosen so that it is not soft or plasticized in this process itself. If the fins are made of silicon-aluminum strips, then the silicon content can be so high that the magnetic losses are low.
Eine einfache und sichere Verbindung der Lamellen innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weise, wenn das Werkzeug über die Höhe des Lamellenpaketes bewegt und hierbei mit einer so hohen Kraft gegen das Lamellenpaket gedrückt wird, dass das Material der Lamellen im Kontaktbereich mit dem Werkzeug plastifiziert wird. Das Werkzeug kann im Hinblick auf die Breite der am Umfang des Lamellenpaketes sich bildenden Schweißnaht angepasst werden. Wenn diese Schweißnaht nur sehr geringe Breite haben soll, wird ein entsprechend schmales Werkzeug verwendet. Mit der Höhe und/oder der Dauer der Anpresskraft kann festgelegt werden, wie tief das Material der Lamellen bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens plastifiziert wird. A simple and secure connection of the slats within the disk pack is obtained in an advantageous manner when the tool is moved over the height of the disk pack and is pressed with such a high force against the disk pack that the material of the slats is plasticized in the contact area with the tool , The tool can be adapted with regard to the width of the weld seam which forms on the circumference of the disk pack. If this weld is to have only very small width, a correspondingly narrow tool is used. With the height and / or the duration of the contact pressure can be determined how deep the material of the slats is plasticized in the implementation of the method.
Das Werkzeug wird vorteilhaft während einer der Vorschubbewegung um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben. Durch die Drehung des Werkzeuges wird das plastifizierte Material benachbarter Lamellen in einfacher Weise miteinander vermischt. The tool is advantageously rotatably driven during one of the feed movement about its axis. By the rotation of the tool, the plasticized material of adjacent lamellae is mixed together in a simple manner.
Bei einer weiteren einfachen Ausführung wird das Werkzeug in Axialrichtung längs des Lamellenpaketes bewegt. Dadurch entsteht am Lamellenpaket ebenfalls eine in Achsrichtung verlaufende Schweißnaht. In a further simple embodiment, the tool is moved in the axial direction along the disk pack. As a result, a weld seam extending in the axial direction is also produced on the disk pack.
Je nach Ausbildung des Lamellenpaketes kann das Werkzeug aber auch unter einem Winkel schräg über die Höhe des Lamellenpaketes bewegt werden, so dass die entstehende Schweißnaht nicht mehr axial verläuft, sondern eine Steigung hat. Bei einer anderen Verfahrensweise ist das Werkzeug ortsfest und wird um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben. In diesem Falle wird das Lamellenpaket über seine Höhe gegenüber dem ortsfesten Werkzeug bewegt und hierbei mit einer so hohen Kraft gegen das Werkzeug gedrückt, dass das Material der Lamellen im Kontaktbereich plastifiziert wird. Auch in diesem Fall kann das Werkzeug im Hinblick auf die Breite der am Umfang des Lamellenpaketes sich bildenden Schweißnaht angepasst werden. Depending on the design of the disk set, the tool can also be moved at an angle obliquely over the height of the disk set, so that the resulting weld no longer runs axially, but has a slope. In another procedure, the tool is stationary and is rotatably driven about its axis. In this case, the disk pack is moved over its height relative to the stationary tool and in this case pressed with such a high force against the tool that the material of the blades is plasticized in the contact area. In this case too, the tool can be adapted with regard to the width of the weld seam forming on the circumference of the disk pack.
Ebenso ist es möglich, das Werkzeug oder das Lamellenpaket in unterschiedlichen Richtungen über die Höhe des Lamellenpakets zu bewegen. Es ist dadurch möglich, die Lage und/oder den Verlauf der Schweißnaht an die jeweiligen Anforderungen anzupassen. Die Vorschubbewegung des Werkzeuges lässt sich über eine Steuerung sehr einfach programmieren. It is also possible to move the tool or the disk pack in different directions over the height of the disk pack. It is thereby possible to adapt the position and / or the course of the weld to the respective requirements. The feed motion of the tool can be very easily programmed via a controller.
Eine einfache und zeitsparende Arbeitsweise ergibt sich, wenn das Lamellenpaket mit zwei oder mehr Werkzeugen bearbeitet wird. A simple and time-saving method of operation results when the disc pack is processed with two or more tools.
Hierbei arbeiten die Werkzeuge vorteilhaft gleichzeitig am Lamellenpaket, so dass über den Umfang des Lamellenpaketes die erforderlichen Schweißnähte in gewünschtem Maße angebracht werden können. In this case, the tools advantageously work simultaneously on the disk set, so that over the circumference of the disk set the required welds can be attached to the desired extent.
Bevorzugt sind die Werkzeuge unabhängig voneinander antreibbar. Dadurch besteht die Möglichkeit, die einzelnen Werkzeuge gezielt anzusteuern und Ihnen beispielsweise unterschiedliche Vorschubwege zu verleihen. Preferably, the tools are independently drivable. This makes it possible to selectively control the individual tools and, for example, to give them different feed paths.
Eine einfache Verfahrensführung ergibt sich, wenn die Werkzeuge in einer Stanzpresse vorgesehen sind. Dann körinen die Lamellenpakete unmittelbar nach ihrer Zusammenstellung in einer Stanzpresse mit dem Werkzeug bearbeitet werden. A simple procedure results when the tools are provided in a punch press. Then the laminae packets can be processed with the tool immediately after they have been put together in a punching press.
Die Werkzeuge können auch innerhalb einer Stapelvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, in der die Lamellen zum Lamellenpaket gestapelt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das wenigstens eine Schweißwerkzeug um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben wird und bei der Bearbeitung quer zu dieser Drehachse verfahrbar ist. Während seiner Vorschubbewegung wird das Werkzeug um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben, wodurch die hohe, zur Plastifizierung des Lamellenmateriales erforderliche Reibungswärme in den Lamellen erzeugt wird. The tools can also be provided within a stacking device, in which the lamellae are stacked to form the disk set. The device according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one welding tool is rotatably driven about its axis and can be moved transversely to this axis of rotation during machining. During its feed movement, the tool is rotatably driven about its axis, whereby the high, required for plasticizing the fin material frictional heat is generated in the slats.
Bei einer einfachen Ausführungsform ist das Werkzeug mit einem Außenkopf versehen, der um seine Achse drehbar antreibbar ist. Zum Drehen des Außenkopfes kann beispielsweise ein Zahnrad- oder ein Riemenantrieb vorgesehen sein. In a simple embodiment, the tool is provided with an outer head which is rotatably driven about its axis. To rotate the outer head, for example, a gear or a belt drive can be provided.
Im Außenkopf ist vorteilhaft ein Mittelkopf untergebracht, der drehfest oder auch frei drehbar mit dem Außenkopf verbunden ist. Dadurch wird der Mittelkopf durch den drehenden Außenkopf mitgenommen. In the outer head a center head is advantageously housed, which is rotatably or freely rotatably connected to the outer head. As a result, the center head is taken by the rotating outer head.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Aüsführungsform ist der Mittelkopf in Achsrichtung des Außenkopfes relativ zum Außenkopf verstellbar und vorzugsweise rotierbar. In an advantageous embodiment, the center head is adjustable in the axial direction of the outer head relative to the outer head and preferably rotatable.
Diese Verstellung wird bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform mittels eines Spindeltriebes erreicht, durch den der Mittelkopf gegenüber dem Außenkopf verstellt werden kann. This adjustment is achieved in a preferred embodiment by means of a spindle drive, through which the center head can be adjusted relative to the outer head.
Eine kompakte Bauform des Werkzeuges ergibt sich, wenn der Außenkopf und der Mittelkopf koaxial zueinander liegen. A compact design of the tool results when the outer head and the center head are coaxial with each other.
Der Anmeldungsgegenstand ergibt sich nicht nur aus dem Gegenstand der einzelnen Patentansprüche, sondern auch durch alle in den Zeichnungen und der Beschreibung offenbarten Angaben und Merkmale. Sie werden, auch wenn sie nicht Gegenstand der Ansprüche sind, als erfindungswesent- lieh beansprucht, soweit sie einzeln oder in Kombination gegenüber dem Stand der Technik neu sind. The subject of the application results not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also by all the information and features disclosed in the drawings and the description. They are, even if they are not the subject of the claims, as erfindungswesent- borrowed, as far as they are new individually or in combination over the prior art.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen. Further features of the invention will become apparent from the other claims, the description and the drawings.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it
Fig. 1 in schematischer Darstellung und in Seitenansicht eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Stanzen von Lamellen zur Bildung eines Lamellenpaketes, 1 is a schematic representation in side view of an inventive device for punching lamellae to form a disk set,
Fig. 2 in einer Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 1 die erfindungsgemäße Fig. 2 in a representation corresponding to FIG. 1, the inventive
Vorrichtung mit Rührreibschweißgeräten,  Device with friction stir welding devices,
Fig. 3 in schematischer Darstellung in Seitenansicht ein Zweikopf-Rührreibwerkzeug, 3 is a schematic side view of a two-head friction stir tool,
Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf das Rührreibwerkzeug gemäß Fig. 3, 4 is a plan view of the Rührreibwerkzeug according to FIG. 3,
Fig. 5 in schematischer Darstellung eine Draufsicht auf zwei Rührreibwerkzeuge, die am Lamellenpaket angreifen, 5 is a schematic representation of a plan view of two Rührreibwerkzeuge that attack the disk set,
Fig. 6 die Rührreibwerkzeuge und das Lamellenpaket gemäß Fig. 5 in 6 shows the friction-stir tools and the disk pack according to FIG. 5 in FIG
Seitenansicht,  Side View,
Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht auf ein Lamellenpaket, dessen Lamellen durch Fig. 7 is a plan view of a disk pack, the lamellas through
Rührreibschweißen miteinander verbunden sind,  Friction stir welding are connected to each other,
Fig. 8 das Lamellenpaket gemäß Fig. 7 in Seitenansicht. Mit der Vorrichtung gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 werden aus einem Metallband (Elektroband) 1 oder einem Elektroblech in bekannter Weise Lamellen 2 (Fig. 8) geschnitten, die zu einem Lamellenpaket 3 gestapelt werden. Das Lamellenpaket 3 wird zur Herstellung von Rotoren oder Statoren von Elektromotoren oder auch Generatoren eingesetzt. Fig. 8, the disk pack of FIG. 7 in side view. With the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, slats 2 (FIG. 8) are cut in a known manner from a metal strip (electrical strip) 1 or an electrical sheet, which are stacked to form a plate pack 3. The disk set 3 is used for the production of rotors or stators of electric motors or generators.
Das Metallband 1 ist auf einer Haspel 4 aufgewickelt, die um ihre Achse drehbar ist. Das von der Haspel 4 abgewickelte Metallband 1 wird durch einen Richtapparat 5 geführt, durch den das Metallband 1 für den nachfolgenden Stanzprozess gerichtet wird. Das Metallband 1 gelangt nach dem Richtapparat 5 in eine Stanzpresse 6, in der aus dem Metallband 1 die Lamellen 2 gestanzt werden. The metal strip 1 is wound on a reel 4 which is rotatable about its axis. The unwound from the reel 4 metal strip 1 is passed through a straightening apparatus 5, through which the metal strip 1 is directed for the subsequent punching process. The metal strip 1 passes after the straightening apparatus 5 in a punch press 6, in which from the metal strip 1, the slats 2 are punched.
In die Stanzpresse 6 können auch zwei oder mehr Bänder 1 nebeneinander geführt werden, so dass gleichzeitig aus den einzelnen Metallbändern 1 die Lamellen 2 gestanzt werden können. Weiter ist es möglich, die Lamellen im Metallband 1 nicht nur in einer Spur, sondern beispielsweise auch in zwei Spuren zu stanzen. In the punch press 6, two or more bands 1 can be performed side by side, so that simultaneously from the individual metal bands 1, the slats 2 can be punched. Further, it is possible to punch the lamellae in the metal strip 1 not only in one lane, but also, for example, in two lanes.
Die Stanzpresse 6 ist mit einem oder mehreren entsprechenden Stanzwerkzeugen 7 versehen. Die mit ihnen gestanzten Lamellen 2 gelangen in einen Schacht 8, in den die Lamellen 2 unmittelbar nach dem Stanzen gedrückt werden. Der Schacht 8 bildet eine Aufnahme und ist in bekannter Weise so ausgebildet, dass die Lamellen 2 mit ihrem Rand unter Reibung an der Innenwand des Schachtes 8 anliegen, so dass sie nicht aus dem Schacht 8 fallen. Auf diese Weise werden im Schacht 8 die gestanzten Lamellen 2 zu einem Stapel aufeinander gesetzt. Bei jedem Stanzhub wird die jeweils gestanzte Lamelle 2 nach unten auf die bereits im Schacht befindlichen Lamellen gedrückt. In den Schacht 8 ragt ein (nicht dargestellter) Stempel, auf dem die Lamellen 2 zum Lamellenpaket 3 gestapelt werden. Mit jedem The punch press 6 is provided with one or more corresponding punching tools 7. The slats 2 stamped with them enter a shaft 8 into which the slats 2 are pressed immediately after punching. The shaft 8 forms a receptacle and is formed in a known manner so that the slats 2 abut with its edge under friction on the inner wall of the shaft 8, so that they do not fall out of the shaft 8. In this way, the punched fins 2 are set to a stack in the shaft 8. For each punching stroke, the respective punched lamella 2 is pressed down onto the lamellae already located in the shaft. Into the shaft 8 protrudes a (not shown) stamp on which the slats 2 are stacked to the disk pack 3. With everybody
Stanzhub wird der Stempel schrittweise nach unten bewegt, so dass die jeweils gestanzte Lamelle 2 so weit nach unten in den Schacht 8 bewegt wer- den kann, dass die nachfolgende zu stanzende Lamelle 2 zuverlässig in den Schacht 8 gedrückt werden kann. Punching stroke, the stamp is gradually moved down so that the respective punched lamella 2 are moved so far down into the shaft 8 can that the subsequent slat to be punched 2 can be reliably pressed into the slot 8.
Bei mehreren gleichzeitig durch die Stanzpresse 6 geführten Metallbändern 1 ist es vorteilhaft, wenn jedem Metallband 1 ein Schacht 8 zugeordnet ist, so dass in der Stanzpresse 6 gleichzeitig mehrere Lamellenpakete nebeneinander gestapelt werden können. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, in der Stanzpresse 6 nur einen Schacht 8 vorzusehen, in den die aus verschiedenen Metallbändern 1 gestanzten Lamellen mittels einer Transporteinrichtung, beispielsweise einer Dreheinheit, in den Bereich oberhalb des Schachtes 8 gefördert und dann in den Schacht 8 gedrückt werden. Eine solche Transporteinrichtung ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn aus einem Metallband 1 in nebeneinander liegenden Spuren die Lamellen 2 ausgestanzt werden. Dann können die nebeneinander liegenden Lamellen 2 mit einer solchen Transporteinheit in den einzigen Schacht 8 transportiert werden. In the case of several metal strips 1 guided simultaneously by the punching press 6, it is advantageous if each metal strip 1 is assigned a shaft 8, so that a plurality of plate packs can be stacked next to one another in the punching press 6 at the same time. But it is also possible to provide only a slot 8 in the punch press 6, in which the lamination punched from different metal bands 1 by means of a transport device, such as a rotary unit, promoted in the area above the shaft 8 and then pressed into the shaft 8 , Such a transport device is particularly advantageous if the lamellae 2 are punched out of a metal strip 1 in adjacent tracks. Then the adjacent slats 2 can be transported with such a transport unit in the single shaft 8.
Damit das Lamellenpaket 3 nach der Entnahme aus der Stanzpresse 6 weiter verarbeitet werden kann, werden die im Lamellenpaket 3 aufeinander liegenden Lamellen 2 fest miteinander verbunden. Hierfür werden die aufeinander liegenden Lamellen 2 quer zu ihrer Ebene durch ein Plastifizierver- fahren miteinander verbunden, indem die Lamellen 2 am Rand so partiell plastifiziert werden, dass übereinander liegende Lamellen 2 nach dem Erkalten dieses Materials stoffschlüssig fest miteinander verbunden sind. So that the disk pack 3 can be further processed after removal from the punch press 6, the slats 2 lying on top of one another in the disk pack 3 are firmly connected to one another. For this purpose, the overlapping lamellae 2 are connected to each other transversely to their plane by a plasticizing process by partially plasticizing the lamellas 2 at the edge such that overlapping lamellae 2 are firmly bonded to one another after cooling of this material.
Hierfür ist die Stanzpresse 6 mit wenigstens einem Rührreibschweißgerät 9 versehen, das vorteilhaft im Bereich einer Stapelvorrichtung der Stanzpresse 9 angeordnet ist. Am Rand des Blechpaketes 3 entsteht eine Schweißnaht 10 (Fig. 7 und 8), die sich über die Höhe des Lamellenpaketes 3 erstreckt. Je nach Größe des Lamellenpaketes 3 kann nur eine Schweißnaht 10 ausreichen. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind zwei diametral einander gegenüberliegende Schweißnähte 10 am Lamellenpaket 3 vorgesehen. Es können je nach Größe des Lamellenpaketes 3 weitere Schweißnähte vorgesehen sein, mit denen die Lamellen 2 innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes 3 zusammengehalten werden. For this purpose, the punch press 6 is provided with at least one Rührreibschweißgerät 9, which is advantageously arranged in the region of a stacking device of the punch press 9. At the edge of the laminated core 3, a weld 10 is formed (FIGS. 7 and 8), which extends over the height of the lamella packet 3. Depending on the size of the disk pack 3, only one weld 10 can be sufficient. In the exemplary embodiment, two diametrically opposed welds 10 are provided on the disk set 3. It can Depending on the size of the disk pack 3 further welds may be provided, with which the slats 2 are held together within the disk pack 3.
Werden zwei oder mehr Schweißnähte 10 am Lamellenpaket 3 angebracht, reicht hierfür grundsätzlich ein Rührreibschweißgerät 9 aus, das über den Umfang des Lamellenpaketes 3 verstellbar angeordnet ist. Eine schnellere Verfahrensführung ergibt sich allerdings, wenn für jede am Lamellenpaket 3 anzubringende Schweißnaht 10 jeweils ein Rührreibschweißgerät 9 vorgesehen ist. If two or more welds 10 are attached to the disk set 3, a friction stir welding device 9 which is arranged to be adjustable over the circumference of the disk set 3 is basically sufficient for this purpose. However, a faster process procedure results if, in each case, a friction stir welding device 9 is provided for each weld seam 10 to be attached to the disk set 3.
Das Rührreibschweißgerät 9 hat ein Werkzeug 9' mit einem zylindrischen Außenkopf 1 1 (Fig. 3), in dem ein Mittelkopf 12 untergebracht ist. Der Außenkopf 1 1 wird mittels eines Zahnrad- oder Riementriebes um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben. Der Mittelkopf 12 lässt sich mittels eines Spindeltriebes axial in Bezug auf den Außenkopf 1 1 genau einstellen. Wenn der Außenkopf 1 1 um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben wird, wird der Mittelkopf 12 entsprechend drehend mitgenommen. Am Übergang zwischen dem Mittelkopf 12 und dem Außenkopf 1 1 wird eine radiale Ringschulter 13 gebildet. The friction stir welding device 9 has a tool 9 'with a cylindrical outer head 11 (FIG. 3) in which a center head 12 is accommodated. The outer head 1 1 is rotatably driven about its axis by means of a gear or belt drive. The center head 12 can be adjusted by means of a spindle drive axially in relation to the outer head 1 1 exactly. When the outer head 1 1 is rotatably driven about its axis, the center head 12 is taken correspondingly rotating. At the transition between the center head 12 and the outer head 1 1, a radial annular shoulder 13 is formed.
Das Werkzeug 9' wird radial gegen das Lamellenpaket 3 bewegt, bis seine Stirnseite 14 in Kontakt mit dem Mantel 15 des Lamellenpakets kommt. Das Werkzeug 9' wird mit hoher Axialkraft gegen das Lamellenpaket 3 gedrückt, wobei es um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben wird. Durch die Reibung zwischen der flächigen Stirnseite 14 des Werkzeuges 9' und dem Lamellenpaket 3 erwärmt sich der Werkstoff unter der Stirnseite 14 bis kurz unter den Schmelzpunkt des Materials des Lamellenpaketes 3. Aufgrund dieser hohen Temperatur wird der Werkstoff des Lamellenpaketes 3 plastifiziert. Das rotierende Werkzeug 9' wird nunmehr in Höhenrichtung des Lamellenpaketes 3 verfahren, wobei die hohe Axialkraft und die Drehzahl beibehalten werden. Aufgrund des im Bereich des Werkzeuges 9' plastifizierten Werkstoffes findet bei der Vorschubbewegung des Werkzeuges eine Vermischung des Materials der aufeinander liegenden Lamellen 3 statt. Die Materialvermischung kommt dadurch zustande, dass das Werkzeug 9' die Vorschubbewegung bei gleichzeitiger Drehbewegung ausführt. Die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit wird so gewählt, dass im Bereich des Werkzeuges 9' das Material der aufeinander liegenden Lamellen 2 weich wird. Aufgrund der Drehbewegung vermischen sich die Materialien der aufeinander liegenden Lamellen 2, so dass nach dem Erkalten des plastifizierten Materials die Lamellen 2 innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes 3 stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. The tool 9 'is moved radially against the disk pack 3 until its end face 14 comes into contact with the jacket 15 of the disk pack. The tool 9 'is pressed with high axial force against the disk pack 3, wherein it is rotatably driven about its axis. Due to the friction between the flat end face 14 of the tool 9 'and the disk set 3, the material under the end face 14 heats up to just below the melting point of the material of the disk set 3. Due to this high temperature, the material of the disk set 3 is plasticized. The rotating tool 9 'is now moved in the height direction of the disk set 3, wherein the high axial force and the rotational speed are maintained. Due to the material plasticized in the area of the tool 9 ', the mixing movement of the tool results in a mixing of the tool Materials of superimposed slats 3 instead. The material mixing is due to the fact that the tool 9 'carries out the feed movement with simultaneous rotational movement. The feed rate is chosen so that in the region of the tool 9 ', the material of the superimposed slats 2 is soft. Due to the rotational movement, the materials of the overlapping lamellae 2 mix, so that after cooling of the plasticized material, the lamellae 2 within the lamella packet 3 are materially interconnected.
Das Werkzeug 9' wird vorteilhaft in Achsrichtung längs des Lamellenpaketes 3 bewegt, so dass sich die Schweißnaht 10 am Mantel des Lamellenpaketes 3 in Achsrichtung erstreckt. Das Werkzeug 9' kann grundsätzlich in unterschiedlichen Richtungen längs des Lamellenpaketes 3 bewegt werden, so dass die Schweißnaht 10 unterschiedlichen Verlauf hat. So kann die Schweißnaht 10 schräg zur Achsrichtung des Lamellenpaketes 3 verlaufen, senkrecht zur Achse des Lamellenpaketes 3 gesehen. Auch kann die Schweißnaht 10 durch entsprechende Bewegung des Werkzeuges 9' in Höhenrichtung des Lamellenpaketes 3 unterschiedlich schrägen Verlauf haben. Die Schweißnaht 10 wird so am Mantel 15 des Lamellenpaketes 3 vorgesehen, dass die Lamellen 2 sicher miteinander verbunden sind. The tool 9 'is advantageously moved in the axial direction along the disk set 3, so that the weld 10 extends on the jacket of the disk set 3 in the axial direction. The tool 9 'can basically be moved in different directions along the disk set 3, so that the weld seam 10 has a different course. Thus, the weld 10 can extend obliquely to the axial direction of the disk set 3, viewed perpendicular to the axis of the disk set 3. Also, the weld 10 by appropriate movement of the tool 9 'in the height direction of the disk pack 3 have different oblique course. The weld 10 is provided on the jacket 15 of the disk set 3, that the slats 2 are securely connected to each other.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel werden zur Verbindung der Lamellen 2 im Lamellenpaket 3 zwei diametral einander gegenüberliegende Werkzeuge eingesetzt. In diesem Falle werden am Mantel 15 des Lamellenpaketes 3 zwei einander gegenüberliegende Schweißnähte 10 gebildet. Die beiden Werkzeuge 9' werden vorteilhaft unabhängig voneinander angesteuert, so dass auch unterschiedliche Verläufe der Schweißnähte 10 erzeugt werden können. In the exemplary embodiment, two diametrically opposed tools are used to connect the slats 2 in the disk set 3. In this case, two opposing welds 10 are formed on the jacket 15 of the disk set 3. The two tools 9 'are advantageously controlled independently of each other, so that different profiles of the welds 10 can be generated.
Häufig werden Metallbänder eingesetzt, die aus Silizium-Aluminium- Legierungen bestehen. Bei solchen Metallbändern wird häufig gewünscht, den Siliziumanteil möglichst hoch zu wählen. Rotoren und/oder Statoren, deren Lamellenpakete aus einem solchen Metallband gefertigt worden sind, haben wegen des höheren Silizium-Anteiles geringe magnetische Verluste, was zu höherer Leistung des Elektromotors führt. Lamellen aus solchen Materialien lassen sich mittels des beschriebenen Verfahrens problemlos miteinander stoffschlüssig verbinden. Die Silizium-Anteile in solchen Silizium- Aluminium-Legierungen können mehr als etwa 4 Gew.-% Silizium enthalten, ohne dass dies nachteilige Auswirkungen auf die stoffschlüssige Verbindung der Lamellen 2 miteinander hat. Mit dem Werkzeug 9' wird das Material der Lamellen plastifiziert, wobei durch die Drehbewegung des Werkzeuges 9' bei dessen Vorschubbewegung das plastifizierte Material benachbarter Lamellen 2 miteinander vermischt wird, wodurch der sichere Zusammenhalt der Lamellen 2 nach dem Erkalten des plastifizierten Materials gewährleistet ist. Often metal bands are used, which consist of silicon-aluminum alloys. In such metal bands is often desired to choose the silicon content as high as possible. Rotors and / or stators, whose plate packs have been made of such a metal strip, have low magnetic losses due to the higher silicon content, resulting in higher performance of the electric motor. Slats made of such materials can be easily bonded together by means of the method described. The silicon contents in such silicon-aluminum alloys may contain more than about 4% by weight of silicon without adversely affecting the cohesive bonding of the laminations 2 together. With the tool 9 ', the material of the lamellae is plasticized, wherein the plasticized material of adjacent lamellae 2 is mixed together by the rotational movement of the tool 9' during its advancing movement, whereby the secure cohesion of the lamellae 2 is ensured after cooling of the plasticized material.
Die Schweißnähte 10 haben nur eine geringe Tiefe, so dass sie keine nachteiligen Auswirkungen auf das Lamellenpaket 3 bzw. auf die Eigenschaften des diese Lamellenpaket enthaltenden Elektromotors haben. Die Schweißnahttiefe wird so gewählt, dass ein sicherer Verbund der Lamellen 2 untereinander gegeben ist. Das beschriebene Verfahren lässt sich einfach, zuverlässig und innerhalb kurzer Zeit durchführen. Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Lamellenpakete 3 lassen sich problemlos handhaben und transportieren, ohne dass die Gefahr besteht, dass sich innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes 3 Lamellen 2 lösen. The welds 10 have only a small depth, so that they have no adverse effects on the plate pack 3 and on the properties of this disc pack containing electric motor. The weld depth is chosen so that a secure composite of the slats 2 is given to each other. The method described can be carried out simply, reliably and within a short time. The disk packs 3 produced in this way can be easily handled and transported without the risk that within the disk pack 3 slats 2 solve.
Es ist des Weiteren möglich, das Werkzeug 9' ortsfest anzuordnen und während des Schweißvorganges um seine Achse zu rotieren. In diesem Fall wird das Lamellenpaket 3 über seine Höhe gegenüber dem ortsfesten It is also possible to arrange the tool 9 'stationary and to rotate about its axis during the welding process. In this case, the plate pack 3 is about its height relative to the stationary
Werkzeug 9' bewegt und hierbei mit einer so hohen Kraft gegen das Werkzeug 9' gedrückt, dass das Material der Lamellen 2 innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes 3 in der beschriebenen Weise im Kontaktbereich plastifiziert wird. Tool 9 'moves and in this case with such a high force against the tool 9' pressed that the material of the slats 2 is plasticized within the disk pack 3 in the manner described in the contact area.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus aufeinander liegenden Lamellen bestehenden Lamellenpaketes, bei dem die Lamellen aus einem Elekt- roband oder Blech geschnitten, zum Lamellenpaket aufeinandergesetzt und innerhalb des Lamellenpaketes miteinander verbunden werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material der Lamellen (2) im Randbereich durch Erzeugung von Reibungswärme mittels wenigstens eines Werkzeuges (9') örtlich so plastifiziert wird, dass das Material zumindest benachbarter Lamellen (2) mit dem Werkzeug (9') vermischt wird, so dass nach dem Erkalten des plastifizierten Materials diese Lamellen (2) stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. 1 . A method for producing a lamellar packet consisting of superimposed lamellas, in which the lamellae are cut from an electrode or sheet metal, stacked together to form the lamella packet and interconnected within the lamina packet, characterized in that the material of the lamellae (2) is produced in the edge region frictional heat by means of at least one tool (9 ') is locally plasticized so that the material of at least adjacent lamellae (2) with the tool (9') is mixed, so that after cooling of the plasticized material, these lamellae (2) materially connected to each other are.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkzeug (9') über die Höhe des Lamellenpaketes (3) bewegt und hierbei mit einer so hohen Kraft gegen das Lamellenpaket (3) gedrückt wird, dass das Material der Lamellen (2) im Kontaktbereich mit dem Werkzeug (9') plastifiziert wird.  characterized in that the tool (9 ') over the height of the disk pack (3) moves and in this case with such a high force against the disk pack (3) is pressed, that the material of the slats (2) in the contact area with the tool (9 ') is plasticized.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkzeug (9') während seiner Vorschubbewegung um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben wird.  characterized in that the tool (9 ') is rotatably driven about its axis during its advancing movement.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkzeug (9') in Axialrichtung des Lamellenpaketes (3) bewegt wird. characterized in that the tool (9 ') in the axial direction of the disk pack (3) is moved.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 5. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet dass das Werkzeug (9') ortsfest ist und um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben wird.  characterized in that the tool (9 ') is stationary and is rotatably driven about its axis.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lamellenpaket (3) über seine Höhe gegenüber dem ortsfesten Werkzeug (9') bewegt und hierbei mit einer so hohen Kraft gegen das Werkzeug (9') gedrückt wird, dass das Material der Lamellen (2) im Kontaktbereich plastifiziert wird.  characterized in that the disc pack (3) over its height relative to the stationary tool (9 ') moves and in this case with such a high force against the tool (9') is pressed that the material of the slats (2) is plasticized in the contact area ,
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lamellenpaket (3) mit zwei oder mehr Werkzeugen (9') bearbeitet wird.  characterized in that the disc pack (3) is processed with two or more tools (9 ').
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, 8. The method according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Werkzeuge (9') gleichzeitig das Lamellenpaket (3) bearbeiten.  characterized in that the tools (9 ') at the same time edit the disc pack (3).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Werkzeuge (9') unabhängig voneinander antreibbar sind.  characterized in that the tools (9 ') are independently drivable.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Werkzeuge (9') in einer Stanzoperation (6) vorgesehen sind.  characterized in that the tools (9 ') are provided in a punching operation (6).
1 1 . Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, 1 1. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Werkzeuge (9') innerhalb einer Stapelvorrichtung vorgesehen sind. characterized in that the tools (9 ') are provided within a stacking device.
12. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 , mit wenigstens einer Stanzpresse und/oder wenigstens einer Aufnahme für ein oder mehrere Lamellenpakete, 12. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, comprising at least one punch press and / or at least one receptacle for one or more disk packs,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung wenigstens ein  characterized in that the device at least one
Schweißwerkzeug (9') aufweist, das um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben und quer zu seiner Drehachse verfahrbar ist.  Welding tool (9 ') which is rotatably driven about its axis and movable transversely to its axis of rotation.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, 13. Device according to claim 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkzeug (9') einen Außenkopf (1 1 ) aufweist, der um seine Achse drehbar angetrieben ist.  characterized in that the tool (9 ') has an outer head (1 1) which is rotatably driven about its axis.
14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, 14. Device according to claim 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Außenkopf (11 ) ein Mittelkopf (12) untergebracht ist, der drehfest oder frei drehbar mit dem Außenkopf characterized in that in the outer head (11) a center head (12) is housed, the rotationally fixed or freely rotatable with the outer head
(1 1 ) verbunden ist. (1 1) is connected.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, 15. Device according to claim 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittelkopf (12) in Achsrichtung des Außenkopfes (1 1 ) relativ zum Außenkopf (1 1 ) verstellbar ist.  characterized in that the center head (12) in the axial direction of the outer head (1 1) relative to the outer head (1 1) is adjustable.
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, 16. The device according to claim 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mittelkopf (12) mittels eines Spindeltriebes gegenüber dem Außenkopf (1 1 ) verstellbar und vorzugsweise rotierbar ist.  characterized in that the center head (12) by means of a spindle drive relative to the outer head (1 1) is adjustable and preferably rotatable.
17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, 17. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Außenkopf (1 1 ) und der Mittelkopf characterized in that the outer head (1 1) and the center head
(12) koaxial zueinander liegen. (12) are coaxial with each other.
EP16819433.0A 2015-12-01 2016-11-30 Method for producing a clutch pack formed by clutch plates arranged on top of one another, and device for carrying out a method of this type Pending EP3383577A1 (en)

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DE102015015762.0A DE102015015762A1 (en) 2015-12-01 2015-12-01 Method for producing a lamellar packet consisting of superimposed lamellae and device for carrying out such a method
PCT/EP2016/002019 WO2017092866A1 (en) 2015-12-01 2016-11-30 Method for producing a clutch pack formed by clutch plates arranged on top of one another, and device for carrying out a method of this type

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US11738419B2 (en) 2023-08-29
MX2018006620A (en) 2018-08-15
BR112018008834A8 (en) 2019-02-26
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US11084133B2 (en) 2021-08-10
US20180345427A1 (en) 2018-12-06
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US20210346996A1 (en) 2021-11-11
BR112018008834A2 (en) 2018-11-06

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