EP3383524A1 - Mélange de polymères sulfonés zwitterioniques et membrane à fibres creuses - Google Patents

Mélange de polymères sulfonés zwitterioniques et membrane à fibres creuses

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Publication number
EP3383524A1
EP3383524A1 EP16871564.7A EP16871564A EP3383524A1 EP 3383524 A1 EP3383524 A1 EP 3383524A1 EP 16871564 A EP16871564 A EP 16871564A EP 3383524 A1 EP3383524 A1 EP 3383524A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer
formula
hollow
independently
structural units
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP16871564.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3383524A4 (fr
Inventor
Hongyi Zhou
Matthew Jeremiah Misner
Wei Yuan
Julie-Anne Mason Burdick
Peter Joseph Mcguirk
Jack Edward Howson
Robert Douglas Burchesky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cytiva Sweden AB
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/958,937 external-priority patent/US20160136588A1/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP3383524A1 publication Critical patent/EP3383524A1/fr
Publication of EP3383524A4 publication Critical patent/EP3383524A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
    • B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
    • B01D2323/36—Introduction of specific chemical groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/18—Membrane materials having mixed charged functional groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to polymer blends used for making hollow fiber membranes.
  • the polymer blends comprise at least one polymer comprising zwitterionic groups.
  • Porous hollow-fiber polymeric membranes are employed in many applications such as hemodialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, gas separation, microfiltration, and pervaporation. For many of these applications, membranes with optimal selectivity as well as chemical, thermal and mechanical stability are desirable. In many applications (for example, bio-separation or water filtration) it may also be desirable to have membranes with one or more of improved hydrophilicity, improved biocompatibility, or low fouling.
  • Polyarylene ethers in particular, polyethersulfones and polysulfones are often used as membrane materials because of their mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability.
  • these polymers are hydrophobic and lack the biocompatibility and hydrophilicity required for aqueous applications. Improvements in membrane hydrophilicity have been achieved by polymer blending, for example, fabricating the porous membrane in the presence of small amounts of hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP).
  • PVP polyvinylpyrollidone
  • hydrophilicity has been achieved via functionalization of the polymer backbone and introduction of carboxyl, nitrile or polyethylene glycol functionality.
  • polymer blends which alleviate certain limitations of previously known methods for the manufacture of hollow fiber membranes.
  • the present blends increase processability of functionalized polymers and also reduce the need for post-casting functionalization of membranes.
  • hollow-fiber membranes comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer:
  • hollow-fiber membranes comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer, wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IA or formula IB attached to structural units of formula II and wherein the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units having the structure of formula II, III, IV, or V, wherein the structures of formula IA, IB, II, III, IV, and V are as described in the detailed description section below.
  • FIG. 1 shows a comparison between a cross section of a hollow fiber membrane comprising high molecular weight polymers and a hollow fiber membrane comprising the instantly claimed polymer blends.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison between protein binding properties (fouling) of hollow fiber membranes: (1) high molecular weight polysulfone (PSU) (MW 54 kg/mol) ultrafiltration hollow fiber membrane, (2) high molecular weight polysulfone (PSU) (MW 54 kg/mol) microfiltration hollow fiber membrane, (3) PSU comprising zwitterionic groups (ZwPSU) microfiltration hollow fiber membrane, (4) microfiltration hollow fiber membrane comprising the present polymer blends (MW ⁇ 49.3kg/mol), and (5) PSU comprising zwitterionic groups (ZwPSU) microfiltration hollow fiber membrane.
  • PSU high molecular weight polysulfone
  • PSU high molecular weight polysulfone
  • Hollow fiber membranes are typically employed in applications where a hydrophilic and/or biocompatible barrier is required.
  • Zwitterionic sulfone polymers are hydrophilic and cause low protein binding and biofouling.
  • zwitterionic sulfone polymers tend to be difficult to process into membranes, and the resulting membranes often have poor mechanical properties.
  • Previous attempts at improving hydrophilicity of sulfone-polymer-containing membranes have focused on post- fabrication functionalization of polymers and/or membranes.
  • novel blends of polymers comprising sulfone polymers and zwitterionic sulfone polymers which alleviate the need for post- fabrication functionalization of membranes.
  • the polymeric blends described herein can improve polymer network structure and result in better mechanical performance.
  • the polymer blends described herein also confer improved processability allowing for easier manufacture of membranes, including hollow fiber membranes.
  • the polymer blends described herein provide the desired hydrophilicity and/or biocompatibility to the membranes.
  • the mechanical properties of membranes comprising said polymeric blends are significantly improved while maintaining membrane morphology and low binding characteristics of the membranes.
  • the present membranes alleviate problems associated with leaching of water soluble polymers such as PVP from the matrix, thereby reducing product variability.
  • the polymer blends described herein provide easy adjustment and significant improvement of membrane processibility (e.g. low dope viscosity) and mechanical property (e.g. high tensile elongation), and also provide some cost reduction by replacing expensive zwitterionic sulfone polymers with less expensive sulfone polymers in the blends.
  • membrane processibility e.g. low dope viscosity
  • mechanical property e.g. high tensile elongation
  • Approximating language may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about”, and “substantially” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value.
  • range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged, such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise.
  • the singular forms "a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
  • the term “or” is not meant to be exclusive and refers to at least one of the referenced components being present and includes instances in which a combination of the referenced components may be present, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
  • sulfone polymer is any polymer comprising one or more subunits of structure aryl-SC -aryl. Typically sulfone polymers are prepared via a reaction between a diphenol and a bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone by elimination of sodium chloride: Sulfone polymers include and are not limited to polysulfones, polyarylsulfones (alternatively referred to as polyphenylsulfones, or polypheny lenesulf ones), poly ethersulf ones, and the like.
  • sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality or a “zwitterionic sulfone polymer” is any polymer comprising one or more subunits of structure aryl-SC -aryl and having one or more subunits comprising zwitterionic functionality.
  • the term "hollow-fiber membrane” as used herein refers to fiber-based membrane structures including separating layers present at the surface.
  • the hollow- fiber membrane may function using "inside-outside” or “outside-inside” mechanism.
  • the terms “hollow-fiber membrane” and “membrane” are used herein interchangeably, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
  • alkyl refers to a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the chain.
  • alkyl groups include methyl (Me) ethyl (Et), n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl (tBu), pentyl, isopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, and the like.
  • Cycloalkyl refers to monocyclic or polycyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbon groups having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting of cycloalkyl groups include, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 2- methylcyclopentyl, octahydro-lH-indene, decahydronaphthalene, and the like.
  • aryl represents a mono- or bi-cyclic aromatic, hydrocarbon ring structure. Aryl rings can have 6 or 10 carbon atoms in the ring.
  • hollow-fiber membranes comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer.
  • hollow-fiber membranes comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IA or formula
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring; k is from 0 to 10;
  • Y' and R' are each, independently, hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 4 is a bond, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • n are each, independently, 0 or 1.
  • hollow-fiber membranes comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer, wherein the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units having the structure of formula II, III IV, or
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • Y' and R' are each, independently, hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, or an aryl ring; a and b are independently at each occurrence 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and m and n are each, independently, 0 or 1.
  • the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IA or formula IB attached to structural units of formula II:
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring; k is from 0 to 10;
  • Y' and R' are each, independently, hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 4 is a bond, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring; and Y' and R' are each, independently, hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, or an aryl ring; a, a' and b are independently at each occurrence 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; m and n are each, independently, 0 or 1 ; and
  • the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units having the structure of formula II, IV, or V
  • the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula VI:
  • w 0, 1, 2, or 3.
  • the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises
  • the mole fraction of the zwitterion-functionalized structural units of formula IB in the first polymer is less than about 50 mole percent of the total moles of the units of formula IB and formula II in the first polymer. In some embodiments of the hollow fiber membranes described above, the mole fraction of the zwitterion-functionalized structural units of formula IB in the first polymer is in a range from about 30 mole percent to about 50 mole percent of the total moles of the units of formula IB and formula II in the first polymer.
  • the molecular weight of the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality is in a range from about 10000 g/mol to about 80000 g/mol.
  • the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises a polysulfone comprising structural units of formula II.
  • the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises a polyphenyl sulfone comprising structural units of formula IV.
  • the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises a polyethersulfone comprising structural units of formula V.
  • the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer is in an amount from about 0.5 weight % to about 5 weight % of the total weight of polymer in the membrane.
  • the molecular weight of the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer is in a range from about 50000 g/mol to about 80000 g/mol.
  • the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second
  • the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second
  • the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II
  • the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula V
  • hollow-fiber membrane modules comprising a plurality of hollow-fiber membranes wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula II.
  • a hemodialysis or hemofiltration apparatus comprising a hollow-fiber membrane module wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula II.
  • hollow-fiber membrane modules comprising a plurality of hollow-fiber membranes wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula IV.
  • a hemodialysis or hemofiltration apparatus comprising a hollow-fiber membrane module wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula IV.
  • hollow-fiber membrane modules comprising a plurality of hollow-fiber membranes wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula V.
  • a hemodialysis or hemofiltration apparatus comprising a hollow-fiber membrane module wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula V.
  • composition comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer.
  • composition comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring; k is from 0 to 10;
  • R 3 and Y are independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 4 is a bond, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring; a, a' and b are independently at each occurrence 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and m and n are each, independently, 0 or 1.
  • composition comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer comprises structural units of formula IV
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • k is from 0 to 10;
  • R 3 and Y are independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 4 is a bond, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • a, a' and b are independently at each occurrence 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and m and n are each, independently, 0 or 1.
  • composition comprising a blend of a first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality and a second polymer comprising a sulfone polymer wherein the first polymer comprising a sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality comprises structural units of formula IB attached to structural units of formula II, and the second polymer comprising a
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring; k is from 0 to 10;
  • R 3 and Y are independently a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 4 is a bond, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C12 alkyl, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl, or an aryl ring; a, a' and b are independently at each occurrence 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and m and n are each, independently, 0 or 1.
  • the casting solution may have a total polymer content in the casting solution which is less than about 50% by weight of the casting solution. In additional embodiments, the casting solution may have a total polymer content in the casting solution which is between about 10% and about 30% by weight of the casting solution. It will be understood that the actual content of polymers in the membrane may not always be identical to the amount of polymers in the casting solution (dope). By way of illustration only, a 2.5 weight% sulfone polymer (second polymer) content in the membrane may arise from 0.4 weight% sulfone polymer in the casting solution along with 15.6 weight% of the sulfone polymer comprising zwitterionic functionality in the casting solution.
  • the hollow-fiber membrane which is formed from step (B) above comprises the second polymer in an amount from about 0.5 weight % to about 5 weight % of the total weight of polymer in the membrane. In other embodiments, the hollow-fiber membrane which is formed from step (B) above comprises the second polymer in an amount from about 0.5 weight % to about 3 weight % of the total weight of polymer in the membrane.
  • the sulfone polymers and/or the sulfone polymers having zwitterionic functionality described herein are synthesized using any suitable techniques known in the art. In certain embodiments, the sulfone polymer are synthesized by reacting at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound with at least one aromatic dihalide compound.
  • At least one of the aromatic dihydroxy compound and the aromatic dihalide compound may be functionalized with a suitable functional group (for example, piperazine amide group) capable of being converted to the zwitterion functional group.
  • the aromatic dihydroxy compound may be functionalized with a suitable functional group.
  • at least one of the aromatic dihydroxy compound and the aromatic dihalide compound may include a sulfone moiety.
  • the aromatic dihalide compound may include the sulfone moiety.
  • Exemplary aromatic dihalide compounds that may be used include 4,4'- bis(chlorophenyl)sulfone, 2,4'-bis(chlorophenyl)sulfone, 2,4- bis(chlorophenyl)sulfone, 4,4'-bis(fluorophenyl)sulfone, 2,4'-bis(fluorophenyl)sulfone, 2,4-bis(fluorophenyl)sulfone, 4,4'-bis(chlorophenyl)sulfoxide, 2,4-bis(chlorophenyl)sulfoxide, 4,4'- bis(fluorophenyl)sulfoxide, 2,4'-bis(fluorophenyl)sulfoxide, 2,4- bis(fluorophenyl)sulfoxide, 4,4'-bis(fluorophenyl)ketone, 2,4'- bis(fluoropheny
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable aromatic dihydroxy compounds include 4,4'-dihydroxyphenyl sulfone, 2,4'-dihydroxyphenyl sulfone, 4,4'- dihydroxyphenyl sulfoxide, 2,4'-dihydroxyphenyl sulfoxide, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4- hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxide, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 4,4- (phenylphosphinyl)diphenol, 4,4'-oxydiphenol,4,4'-thiodiphenol, 4,4'- dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4'dihydroxyphenylmethane, hydroquinone, resorcinol, 5- cyano- 1 ,3-dihydroxybenzene, 4-cyano- 1 ,3,-dihydroxybenzene, 2-cyano- 1 ,4- dihydroxybenzene, 2-methoxyhydroquinone,
  • the reaction may be effected in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of an alkali metal compound, and optionally, in the presence of catalysts.
  • a basic salt of an alkali metal compound may be used to effect the reaction between the dihalo and dihydroxy aromatic compounds.
  • Exemplary compounds include alkali metal hydroxides, such as, but not limited to, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and cesium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates, such as, but not limited to, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, rubidium carbonate, and cesium carbonate; and alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, such as but not limited to lithium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, rubidium hydrogen carbonate, and cesium hydrogen carbonate. Combinations of these compounds may also be used to effect the reaction.
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as, but not limited to, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and cesium hydroxide
  • alkali metal carbonates such as, but not limited to, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, rubidium carbonate, and cesium carbonate
  • alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as but not limited to lithium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate
  • aprotic polar solvents include and are not limited to N,N- dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylacetamide, N,N- diethylacetamide, N,N-dipropylacetamide, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzamide, N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-isopropyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-isobutyl-2- pyrrolidone, N-n-propyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-n-butyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2- pyrrolidone, N-methyl-3-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-3-methyl-pyrrolidone, N- methyl-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrol
  • the reaction may be conducted at a temperature in a range from about 100°C to about 300°C in some embodiments, from about 120°C to about 200°C in some embodiments, and from about 150°C to about 200°C in particular embodiments.
  • the reaction mixture may be further dried by addition to the initial reaction mixture of, along with the polar aprotic solvent, a solvent that forms an azeotrope with water.
  • solvents include toluene, benzene, xylene, ethylbenzene and chlorobenzene. After removal of residual water by azeotropic drying, the reaction may be carried out at the elevated temperatures described above.
  • the reaction is typically conducted for a time period ranging from about 1 hour to about 72 hours in some embodiments, and from about 1 hour to about 10 hours in particular embodiments.
  • the polymer may be separated from the inorganic salts, precipitated into a non-solvent and collected by filtration and drying.
  • non-solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and combinations thereof.
  • the glass transition temperature, T g , of the polymers described herein may be in a range from about 120°C to about 280°C in one embodiment, and may be in a range from about 140°C to about 200°C in another embodiment.
  • the polymers may be further characterized by the weight average molecular weight (M w ) obtained from gel permeation chromatography based on polystyrene standards.
  • M w weight average molecular weight
  • the Mw of the polymer may be in the range from about 10000 grams per mole (g/mol) to about 100000 g/mol.
  • the M w may be in a range from about 10000 g/mol to about 75000 g/mol.
  • the M w may be in a range from about 40000 g/mol to about 55000 g/mol. In a further embodiment, the M w may be in a range from about 50000 g/mol to about 80000 g/mol.
  • the polymers and the membranes including the blended polymers described herein may be further characterized by their respective hydrophilicities.
  • the sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality has a contact angle with water less than about 80 degrees measured on a surface of the polymer cast as a film on a glass substrate.
  • the sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality has a contact angle with water less than about 50 degrees measured on a surface of the polymer cast as a film on a glass substrate.
  • the sulfone polymer having zwitterionic functionality has a contact angle with water less than about 30 degrees measured on a surface of the polymer cast as a film on a glass substrate.
  • the membranes in accordance with embodiments described herein are made by processes known in the art. Suitable techniques include, but are not limited to: dry- phase separation membrane formation process; wet-phase separation membrane formation process; dry-wet phase separation membrane formation process; thermally- induced phase-separation membrane formation process. Further, post membrane- formation, the membrane may be subjected to a membrane conditioning process or a treatment process prior to its use in a separation application. Representative processes may include thermal annealing to relieve stresses or pre-equilibration in a solution similar to the feed stream the membrane will contact.
  • the membranes may be prepared by phase inversion.
  • the phase inversion process includes 1) vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS), also called “dry casting” or “air casting”; 2) liquid- induced phase separation (LIPS), mostly referred to as “immersion casting” or “wet casting”; and 3) thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), frequently called “melt casting”.
  • VIPS vapor-induced phase separation
  • LIPS liquid- induced phase separation
  • TIPS thermally induced phase separation
  • the phase inversion process can produce integrally skinned asymmetric membranes.
  • the membranes may be cross-linked to provide additional support.
  • the membrane may be designed and fabricated to have specific pore sizes so that solutes having sizes greater than the pore sizes may not be able to pass through.
  • the pore size may be in a range from about 0.5 nanometers to about 100 nanometers. In another embodiment, the pore size may be in a range from about 1 nanometer to about 25 nm.
  • a method of forming a hollow-fiber membrane described herein includes providing a casting solution comprising the polymer blend as described earlier and a solvent. The method further includes extruding the casting solution through an annular channel to form the hollow-fiber membrane.
  • suitable solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, formylpiperidine, or combinations thereof.
  • the casting solution may further include an additive selected from the group consisting of polymers, such as, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol; anti-solvents, such as, water, alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers, and salts; alkali metal halides; and combinations thereof.
  • the additive may include an alkali metal bromide, such as, but not limited to, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, cesium bromide, or combinations thereof.
  • the additive may be present in the casting solution in an amount (total amount) in a range from about 0.1 weight percent to about 30 weight percent, in some embodiments. Further, the sulfone polymer and the sulfone polymer comprising zwitterionic functionality are present in the casting solution in an amount in a range from about 10 weight percent to about 30 weight percent of the weight of the casting solution.
  • any hollow fiber membrane blend described above includes at least one additional polymer.
  • the additional polymer may be blended with the polymer blend described above to impart different properties such as better heat resistance, biocompatibility, and the like.
  • the additional polymer may be added to the casting solution during the membrane formation to modify the morphology of the phase inverted membrane structure produced upon phase inversion, such as asymmetric membrane structures.
  • the additional polymer may be a sulfone polymer which persists in the final membrane and/or an additive (e.g., PVP, PEG and the like) which is lost in the fabrication process but is not completely removed.
  • an additive e.g., PVP, PEG and the like
  • the additional polymer blended is a hydrophilic polymer.
  • suitable hydrophilic polymers include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyoxazoline, polyethyleneglycol, polypropylene glycol, polyglycolmonoester, polymer of polyethyleneglycol with polypropylene glycol, water-soluble cellulose derivative, polysorbate, polyethylene-polypropylene oxide polymer, polyethyleneimine, and combinations thereof.
  • the casting solution blend may comprise additional polymers, such as, polyether urethane, polyamide, polyether-amide, polyacrylonitrile, and combinations thereof.
  • the membranes described herein have use in various applications, such as, bio- separation, water purification, hemofiltration, hemodialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, gas separation, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and pervaporation.
  • the membranes may have applications in the biopharmaceutical and biomedical field where improved hydrophilicity and biocompatibility are desired.
  • a hollow-fiber membrane for bio- separation is characterized in part by the protein binding.
  • the hollow-fiber membranes provided herein have protein binding less than about 30 ng/cm A2 .
  • the membrane is composed of a polymer blend as described herein.
  • a bio- separation apparatus that includes a plurality of porous hollow fibers composed of the porous membranes provided herein.
  • the membranes described herein are used for hemodialysis.
  • Dialysis refers to a process effected by one or more membranes in which transport is driven primarily by pressure differences across the thickness of the one or more membrane.
  • Hemodialysis refers to a dialysis process in which biologically undesired and/or toxic solutes, such as metabolites and by-products are removed from blood.
  • Hemodialysis membranes are porous membranes permitting the passage of low molecular weight solutes, typically less than 5,000 Daltons, such as urea, creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes and water, yet preventing the passage of higher molecular weight proteins and blood cellular elements.
  • Hemofiltration which more closely represents the filtration in the glomerulus of the kidney, requires even more permeable membranes allowing complete passage of solutes of molecular weight of less than 50,000 Daltons, and, in some cases, less than 20,000 Daltons
  • the polymer blends described herein confer the desired mechanical properties so as to support the porous hollow-fiber membrane structure during manufacture and use.
  • the polymer blends confer adequate thermal properties so as to reduce or prevent degradation during high temperature steam sterilization processes.
  • the polymer blends and membranes have optimal biocompatibility, such that protein fouling is minimized and thrombosis of the treated blood does not occur.
  • the mixture was heated and samples taken every two hours until the desired molecular weight was achieved (8-10 hrs).
  • the reaction viscosity increased over the course of the run with the reaction showing an opaque greyish color.
  • the reaction was diluted with 0.8 liters of NMP and cooled to 50°C 1,3-Propane sultone was then added (149.7g, 1.227 moles) and the reaction mixture gradually heated to 80°C.
  • the reaction was complete in ⁇ 4hrs. Gradually after the addition is complete the reaction color lightens to an off- white slurry. Based on solution viscosity the reaction mixture may be diluted further.
  • the mixture was then precipitated into 12.0 L of water using a high speed blender, producing a white precipitate.
  • the precipitate was collected by filtration then re-slurried in 5.0 liters of warm water (40- 50°C) for 6 hours. The solid was collected by filtration. The resulting polymer was dried under vacuum initially at 50°C under a purge of nitrogen for 24 hrs then an additional 24 hrs at 80- 100°C under full vacuum to provide approximately 950 grams of polymer after drying ( ⁇ 95% recovery).
  • Casting of hollow fiber membranes was carried out using methods known in the art and using methods described herein.
  • Polymer blends were prepared by dissolving the polymers in a suitable solvent.
  • Dope solutions for casting hollow fiber membranes were prepared by dissolving the polymer blends and any optional additives in a suitable solvent.
  • Nonspecific protein binding was measured using an immunoglobulin protein labeled with a horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) functional group.
  • HRP horse-radish peroxidase
  • the PBS was replaced with 2 ml of a 10 ⁇ g/ml solution of HRP-protein. After 2 hours of soaking, the antibody solution was removed and the fibers were washed thoroughly with PBS.
  • CPB citrate- phosphate buffer
  • the CPB was replaced with 0.5 ml of a CPB-based solution containing 0.5 mg/ml o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and 0.015% hydrogen peroxide.
  • OPD o-phenylenediamine
  • the HRP tag on the protein converts the OPD to a yellow colored dissolved compound.
  • the solution was transferred to small-volume disposable cuvette.
  • the absorbance was measured at 450 nm to quantify the amount of converted OPD, which is directly proportional to the amount of protein nonspecifically adsorbed onto the surface of the membrane. This quantity was normalized by membrane surface area (including inner and outer lumen, as well as the exposed cross-sectional faces. The results are shown in FIG. 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des mélanges de polymères qui peuvent être utilisés pour préparer des membranes à fibres creuses. Les mélanges de polymères comprennent un mélange d'un premier polymère contenant un polymère sulfoné ayant une fonctionnalité zwitterionique et d'un second polymère contenant un polymère sulfoné.
EP16871564.7A 2015-12-04 2016-12-02 Mélange de polymères sulfonés zwitterioniques et membrane à fibres creuses Ceased EP3383524A4 (fr)

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US14/958,937 US20160136588A1 (en) 2014-11-19 2015-12-04 Zwitterionic sulfone polymer blend and hollow-fiber membrane
PCT/US2016/064576 WO2017096140A1 (fr) 2015-12-04 2016-12-02 Mélange de polymères sulfonés zwitterioniques et membrane à fibres creuses

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EP3383524A4 (fr) 2019-07-24
CN108430613B (zh) 2022-02-11
JP2019501013A (ja) 2019-01-17
JP6983159B2 (ja) 2021-12-17
CN108430613A (zh) 2018-08-21

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