Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
  • B01F35/71775—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using helical screws
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
  • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/70—Pre-treatment of the materials to be mixed
  • B01F23/702—Cooling materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/70—Pre-treatment of the materials to be mixed
  • B01F23/711—Heating materials, e.g. melting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
  • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
  • B01F27/92—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws
  • B01F27/923—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws the material flowing continuously through the receptacle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
  • B01F35/21—Measuring
  • B01F35/212—Measuring of the driving system data, e.g. torque, speed or power data
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
  • B01F35/21—Measuring
  • B01F35/213—Measuring of the properties of the mixtures, e.g. temperature, density or colour
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
  • B01F35/22—Control or regulation
  • B01F35/221—Control or regulation of operational parameters, e.g. level of material in the mixer, temperature or pressure
  • B01F35/2215—Temperature
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
  • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
  • B29B17/0036—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting of large particles, e.g. beads, granules, pellets, flakes, slices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
  • B29C48/287—Raw material pre-treatment while feeding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
  • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
  • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
  • B29C48/793—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling upstream of the plasticising zone, e.g. heating in the hopper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
  • B01F2101/2805—Mixing plastics, polymer material ingredients, monomers or oligomers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
  • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
  • B29C2948/92209—Temperature
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
  • B29C2948/92333—Raw material handling or dosing, e.g. active hopper or feeding device
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
  • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
  • B29C2948/92828—Raw material handling or dosing, e.g. active hopper or feeding device
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
  • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
  • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
  • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
  • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for processing of thermoplastic material, which comprises a reservoir for receiving piece-shaped plastic particles or a transport line for transporting piece-shaped plastic particles, connected to the reservoir / the transport line to a transfer port screw conveyor and an adjoining the screw extruder.
• the invention relates to a method for operating the above device
• EP 0 934 144 B1 discloses an apparatus for processing thermoplastic material.
• the device comprises a machine housing with a feed hopper and a driven slide which presses the plastic material located on a base plate and to be processed into a conditioner drum or into a conveyor tube. Knives are mounted helically on the conditioner drum. The knives and the subsequent screw feed the shredded plastic material to a screw of an extruder into which the plastic material is dispensed.
• the disadvantage is especially the difficult to predict and controllable temperature at the entrance to the extruder. Among other things, this depends on the processed material (in particular its heat capacity), the throughput and also the shape and size of the plastic particles. Friction, shearing and compression can lead to significant heating already in the transport screw, so that the plastic particles can stick together or stick to the extruder inlet and clog it up. In principle, however, it is also conceivable that the plastic particles at the entrance of the extruder are comparatively cold, for example when plastic is delivered at very low temperature for further processing. Since the extruder has only limited means for influencing the temperature, the achievement of a target temperature at the nozzle of the extruder according to the prior art may not be guaranteed in every case. An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved apparatus and an improved method for processing thermoplastic material. In particular, a desired temperature in the extruder and / or at the inlet of the extruder and at the nozzle with higher security should be achieved.
• the object of the invention is achieved with a device of the type mentioned, which has a tempering device arranged in the course of the screw conveyor and
• At least one temperature sensor which is arranged in the course of the screw conveyor and / or in the course of the extruder, means for influencing the tempering device and connected to the at least one temperature sensor and the influencing means of the tempering control / and / or
• the object of the invention is further achieved by a method for the operation of the above device, in which the piece-shaped plastic particles are tempered in the course of the screw conveyor by a tempering device.
• the proposed measures a target temperature in the extruder and / or at the entrance of the extruder and at the nozzle with higher security can be achieved.
• the tempering device can be formed for example by a heating device, a cooling device or a combined heating and cooling device.
• the influencing means of the tempering device can be formed by a controller for the heating / cooling power, for example by a transistor or thyristor for setting a current through a heating coil of the tempering device.
• the influencing means could, for example, also be formed by an electrical energy source which can be set with regard to voltage and / or current and to which the heating coil is connected.
• the inflow to the tempering device can be adjustable by means of a valve which is connected in the supply or return, or by adjusting a power of a pump or a compressor which is connected in circulation of the heat carrier.
• the heat transfer medium can be passed in an adjustable manner via a bypass. Additionally or alternatively, it can also be provided that the temperature of the heat carrier is adjusted via the power of a heat exchanger which is connected to the tempering device.
• the plastic particles supplied to the extruder are cooled by means of the tempering device, for example when material has been delivered at very high temperature and / or has low heat capacity and / or has a lower melting temperature and / or by friction, shearing and compression in the Transport tube was heated excessively. As a result, clogging or sticking of the extruder inlet or caking of the plastic particles on the same is avoided or at least reduced.
• material supplied to the extruder can also be heated with the aid of the tempering device, for example if this was delivered at a very low temperature and / or exhibits high heat capacity and / or has a high melting temperature and / or does not occur in the transport tube due to friction, shearing and compression expected way was heated.
• the heating of the plastic particles in the interior of the extruder takes place by internal friction, wherein the drive power of the extruder is almost completely converted into heat.
• the mechanically discharged engine power is almost entirely converted into thermal power, and the extruder drive motor effectively acts as a heater.
• a comparatively high feed temperature of the extruder is now advantageous in that the material is gently melted in the extruder, since it passes into the extruder already preheated.
• the drive power for the extruder can be reduced and its overall length can be reduced.
• the energy consumption of the extruder per unit weight The extruded material is thus also reduced and / or the material throughput is increased.
• material wear in the extruder can be reduced.
• the supply and / or removal of heat is adjusted or regulated directly as a function of a temperature of the plastic particles.
• the supply and / or removal of heat is adjusted or regulated as a function of a load of the extruder and thus indirectly via the temperature of the plastic particles.
• the fact that the drive of the extruder is loaded in a characteristic manner at the setpoint temperature reached in the extruder is taken advantage of. If the load is above this characteristic value, this is an indication that the plastic particles are too cold and are not properly melted. If the load is below this characteristic value, this is an indication that the plastic particles are too hot and excessively thin.
• the removal of heat is enhanced as the temperature in the extruder and / or at the inlet of the extruder increases and vice versa.
• the removal of heat is advantageously enhanced when the load in the extruder and / or at the inlet of the extruder decreases and vice versa.
• a cooling capacity of the cooling device or of the combined heating and cooling device is greater than a power supplied by friction to the piece-shaped plastic particles in the transport screw. This makes it possible to cool the plastic particles before they enter the extruder and clogging or sticking the Extruder opening or caking of the plastic particles to avoid the same or at least reduce.
• the cooling capacity of the cooling device or the combined heating and cooling device is greater than a drive power of the screw conveyor. The latter is generally easier to determine than a frictional power supplied to the plastic piece particles in the screw conveyor, thereby also simplifying the dimensioning of the cooling device or the combined heating and cooling device.
• the at least one temperature sensor in case a) is arranged downstream of the tempering device in the transport direction of the conveyed plastic particles. In this way, the tempering can be controlled. In principle, however, it is also possible that the at least one temperature sensor is arranged in the transport direction in front of the tempering device. Such temperature sensors can also be included in the control of the tempering. Of course it is also possible, the
• the at least one temperature sensor in case a) is arranged in the region of the transition between the transport screw and the extruder. In this way, a predeterminable (desired) temperature of the plastic particles supplied to the extruder can be maintained particularly well.
• this type of control or this control loop is combined with a further control loop, which controls the heating in the extruder.
• the control loop of the screw conveyor and the control loop of the extruder can work independently of each other, or the two control loops may be superordinate yet another loop.
• the temperature sensor is arranged in case a) in the course of the extruder, in particular in the region of the outlet or the nozzle.
• the proper melting of the plastic particles can be well controlled.
• the tempering and a heater in the extruder are provided as actuators.
• the temperature control can be prioritized, that is, a heater of the The extruder is only switched on if heating by the tempering device is not sufficient.
• the heat input in case b) is increased when the load of the extruder increases and vice versa. Accordingly, it is advantageous if the control is set up to increase the supply of heat by the tempering device, if a load of the extruder increases and vice versa. As a result, the extruder in turn warmer material is supplied, if its heating power is not sufficient for proper melting of the plastic particles and cooler material when the plastic particles are melted in the extruder in an excessive manner.
• control / regulation of the temperature control can be based solely on a temperature measurement in or on the extruder, solely on a measurement of the load of the drive of the extruder or on a temperature measurement and a measurement of the load of the extruder drive.
• a speed of a drive of the extruder a current absorbed by this drive or the torsion of a shaft in the drive is measured to determine the load of the extruder.
• a sensor for measuring a rotational speed of the drive of the extruder eg a digital incremental encoder
• a sensor for measuring a current received by the drive eg a voltmeter on a current measuring resistor
• a sensor for measuring the Torsion of a shaft in the drive eg a measuring bridge with strain gauges
• the drive can also have a transmission. The above-mentioned speed and the above-mentioned torsion can therefore also be removed on a component in the transmission.
• the extruder is loaded more heavily when the speed of the drive decreases, the current absorbed by the drive increases or the torsion of a shaft in the drive increases.
• the type / type of processed plastic is detected by a sensor and / or detected by an input means,
• the target temperature / target load corresponding to the recognized / input type / type of the plastic is loaded into a controller for controlling the temperature control means.
• a sensor for detecting the type / type of processed plastic and / or an input means for entering the type / type of processed plastic
• a memory with an association between the type / type of plastic stored therein and in case a) a target temperature in the extruder and / or at the inlet of the extruder and / or in case b) a target load of the drive of the extruder and
• control / regulation can generally take place with reference to a setpoint temperature in the extruder and / or at the inlet of the extruder, if at least one temperature sensor is arranged in the course of the transport screw and / or in the course of the extruder (case a) or based on a setpoint loading of the extruder Drive of the extruder, if means for detecting a load of a drive of the extruder are provided (case b).
• the input means can be formed, for example, by a keyboard, a touch screen or, for example, by a reading device for a storage medium on which the
• Type / type of processed plastic and possibly also the assignment to a target temperature / target load is stored.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the disclosed device is characterized in that
• Extruder and / or in case b) an association between the type / type of plastic and a desired load course along at least a portion of the transport path of the plastic particles, containing the target load of the drive of the extruder is stored and other control circuits / control circuits in the transport process of Plastic particles are provided, with which the temperature of the plastic particles can be influenced and in which said target temperature profile / desired load profile or parts thereof can be loaded.
• the device has a plurality of arranged in the course of transport of the plastic particles temperature sensors.
• a desired temperature is specified selectively, but a desired temperature profile along at least part of the transport path of the plastic particles, which leads through the screw conveyor and the extruder.
• the device can be better adjusted to the type / type of processed plastic.
• the temperature of the plastic particles depending on the type / type in the entire transport process or up to a position in the extruder
• the first case is particularly suitable for plastics, which are supplied by friction in the screw conveyor relatively little energy, or plastics which have a relatively high melting point.
• plastics which are supplied by friction in the screw conveyor relatively little energy, or plastics which have a relatively high melting point.
• Examples include polyamide (PA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the other two cases relate to plastics, which are supplied by friction in the screw conveyor relatively much energy, or plastics which have a relatively low melting point.
• Examples are polyolefms and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
• the shredder means arranged thereon which are formed in particular by teeth and / or by continuous cutting and / or by knives.
• the conveyed into the screw conveyor material can be further crushed before it reaches the extruder.
• material of optimum size can be fed to the extruder, ensuring proper mixing and proper melting of the material ensures and clogging of the extruder can be avoided.
• the transport screw can thus also be (partially) interpreted as a conditioner drum / shredder or contain this function.
• the screw conveyor may be continuously filled with cutters and / or teeth and / or knives, or may have them only in a (continuous) section (ie in a comminuting section) adjacent to an initial section and / or end section in which no cutters are made , Teeth or knives are arranged. Continuous cutting edges, teeth and blades can be used alone on the transport screw or in any combination.
• “Through-cutting” extend substantially over the entire length of the screw conveyor or over the entire length of a crushing area.
• the continuous cutting can be spiral or axial.
• Several continuous cutting edges can be distributed over the circumference of the transport screw, or the transport screw has only one continuous cutting edge. During the rotation of the transport screw, the continuous cutting edges are moved substantially transversely to their longitudinal extension, respectively the rotation of the transporting screw causes a movement with such a transverse component. The separation of the plastic particles is therefore carried out mainly by scissors.
• Teeth can be interpreted as interrupted cutting or cutting with gaps. Also, their cutting can be spiral or axial and also their cutting are moved during the rotation of the screw conveyor transversely to the longitudinal extent. The separation of the plastic particles is therefore mainly by shearing and tearing.
• FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary and schematically illustrated apparatus for processing thermoplastic material with a tempering device and a control via a temperature sensor in the region of entry into the extruder;
• Fig. 2 shows a second exemplary device with a control over the load of
• FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary device with an extended control
• Temperature sensor on the extruder nozzle Fig. 5 as shown in Figure 1, only with continuous cutting on the screw conveyor.
• FIG. 6 shows a device with a sensor for detection and input means for inputting the type / type of processed plastic
• FIG. 1 shows a device la for processing thermoplastic material, which comprises a storage container 2 for receiving piece-shaped plastic particles, and a transport screw 3 connected to the storage container 2 at a transfer opening B and an extruder 4 adjoining the transport screw 3.
• the transport screw 3 is driven by a first drive motor 5 and the extruder 4 by a second drive motor 6.
• the screw conveyor 3 and the extruder 4 cross each other in the example shown. It should be noted, however, that FIG. 1 is a purely schematic illustration and that the feed screw 3 and the extruder 4 may also be arranged differently from one another, in particular coaxially. It is also conceivable that the screw conveyor 3 and the extruder 4 are driven by a single motor.
• the apparatus la has a tempering device 7 arranged in the course of the transport screw 3.
• the screw conveyor 3 or the piece-shaped plastic particles conveyed with it during the Promotion tempered can be added or removed via the tempering device 7 heat, whereby they are heated or cooled accordingly.
• the tempering device 7 may be formed by a heating device, a cooling device or a combined heating and cooling device.
• the temperature device 7 may be operated with electric current or a heat transfer medium. In the case of operation with power, the tempering device 7 may be formed in particular as a heating coil. If the tempering device 7 is operated with a heat carrier, it may, for example, have a coiled tubing through which the heat carrier flows, which may be gaseous or liquid and which may heat or cool the tempering device 7.
• the tempering device 7 is shown as a heating and / or cooling sleeve arranged around the transport screw 3. This is advantageous, but not mandatory. It is also conceivable that the tempering device 7 is alternatively or additionally integrated in the shaft of the screw conveyor 3. In this way, the heat transfer between the plastic particles and the tempering 7 can be done very well.
• the tempering device 7 is also shown slightly in front of the inlet of the extruder 4. It is also conceivable, however, that the tempering device 7 directly adjoins the extruder 4 or even projects into the area of the extruder 4.
• the supply and / or removal of heat is adjustable.
• the current which flows through a heating coil of the tempering device 7, be adjustable, for example by means of a transistor or thyristor.
• the adjustment of voltage and / or current of an electric power source connected to the heating coil would of course be possible.
• the inflow to the tempering device 7 can be adjustable by means of a valve which is connected in the supply or return, or by adjusting a power of a pump or a compressor, or which is connected in circulation of the heat carrier.
• the heat transfer medium can be passed in an adjustable manner via a bypass. Additionally or alternatively, it may also be provided that the temperature of the Heat transfer medium can be adjusted via a heat exchanger, not shown, a heating or cooling circuit.
• said transistor / thyristor, the adjustable electrical energy source, said valve, the pump / compressor, or even said heat exchanger may constitute leg flow means of the temperature control means 7 connected, for example, to the output of the control 9 and accordingly be controlled by the control / regulation 9.
• the supply and / or removal of heat can be adjusted or regulated as a function of a measured temperature.
• the device la has a temperature sensor 8 for detecting a temperature in the region of the inlet of the extruder 4, as well as a control unit 9 connected to the temperature sensor 8 and the tempering device 7.
• the control 9 is set up to supply heat by the tempering device 7 increase as the temperature at the entrance of the extruder 4 decreases and vice versa.
• the tempering device 7 is heated when a temperature at the inlet of the extruder 4 decreases and cooled when a temperature rises there.
• a representative for the case designated by "a” is realized.
• at least one temperature sensor 8 is arranged in the course of the transport screw 3 and / or in the course of the extruder 4, and means for influencing the tempering device 7 and a controller connected to the at least one temperature sensor 8 and the influencing means of the tempering device 7 Regulation 9 are provided.
• the temperature sensor 8 is arranged concretely in the transport direction of the conveyed plastic particles after the tempering device 7. In this way, a predeterminable (desired) temperature of the plastic particles fed to the extruder 4 can be regulated and thus adhered to particularly well.
• the temperature sensor 8 is arranged in the transport direction in front of the tempering device 7.
• a controller be provided for the tempering device 7, which controls the power output of the temperature control device 7 based on the temperature of the supplied plastic particles.
• 7 temperature sensors 8 are arranged in front of the temperature device 7 and after the temperature device.
• the extruder 4 supplied material can be heated, for example, if this was delivered with very low temperature and / or high heat capacity and / or has a high melting temperature and / or by friction, shearing and
• FIG. 2 now shows a device 1b, which is very similar to the device 1a shown in FIG.
• the controller 9 but not connected to the temperature sensor 8, but with means 10 for detecting a load of the drive 6 of the extruder 4.
• the supply and / or removal of heat in the example shown in FIG Depending on a load of the extruder 4 set or regulated.
• the heat input is increased as the load of the extruder 4 increases and vice versa. That is, the tempering device 7 is heated as the load of the extruder 4 increases and cooled as the load of the extruder 4 decreases.
• the detection means 10 as a sensor for measuring a rotational speed of the drive 6 of the extruder 4 (eg as a digital incremental encoder), be designed as a sensor for measuring a current absorbed by this drive 6 (eg as a voltmeter on a current measuring resistor) or as a sensor for measuring the torsion of a shaft in the drive 6 (eg as a measuring bridge with strain gauges). If the speed of the drive 6 decreases, the current absorbed by the drive 6 increases or the torsion of a shaft in the drive 6 increases, this is a sign of a greater load on the extruder 4.
• the drive 6 is not necessarily an engine alone, but rather that the drive 6 can also have a gearbox, for example.
• the above-mentioned speed and the above-mentioned torsion can therefore also be removed on a component in the transmission.
• Fig. 3 now shows another example of a device 1c which is very similar to the devices 1a and 1b shown in Figs.
• the controller 9 is connected both to a temperature sensor 8 of the extruder 4 and to means 10 for detecting a load on the drive 6 of the extruder 4.
• the regulation of the tempering device 7 can thus be made particularly differentiated.
• the drive motor 5 of the transport screw 3 is also connected to the control 9 and is integrated in the control / regulation of the device 1c.
• the speed of the screw conveyor 3 can be lowered when the load of the extruder 4 increases and vice versa, in particular in synchronism with an increase in the temperature.
• the temperature sensor 8 is arranged in the region of the outlet of the extruder 4.
• the controller 9 can regulate the temperature at the outlet of the extruder 4, whereby the proper melting of the plastic particles can be well controlled.
• the temperature sensor 8 could also be arranged at the inlet of the extruder 4, as shown in FIG.
• the device 1c does not necessarily have a container 2, but that the conveying screw 3, as shown, can be connected to a transport tube 11.
• plastic particles are not transported only to the screw conveyor 3, but also to other (not shown) units.
• the transport direction is from top to bottom. Due to the movement of the plastic particles and the projection projecting into the transport tube 11, some of the material transported in the transport tube 11 can be diverted and conveyed into the transporting screw 3.
• the screw conveyor 3 is oriented in the horizontal direction and the transfer opening B in the vertical direction. This is advantageous, but not mandatory. It is also conceivable, of course, that the transport screw 3 and / or the cross section of the transfer opening B are aligned obliquely.
• the screw conveyor 3 has radially arranged blades, blades or teeth. In this way, the conveyed into the screw conveyor 3 material can be further crushed before it reaches the extruder 4.
• the transport screw 3 can thus also be (partially) considered as a conditioner drum / shredder screw or include this function.
• FIG. 4 shows by means of a device 1d, which essentially corresponds to the device 1a shown in FIG. 1, how such a transporting screw 3 can be formed.
• the screw conveyor 3 of the device ld teeth 12 and mating teeth 13 and knife 14 and counter knife 15, wherein the teeth 12 and mating teeth 13 are arranged in the front region of the screw conveyor 3 and the knife 14 and counter knife 15 in the end of the screw conveyor 3.
• the material conveyed into the transport screw 3 is further comminuted before it reaches the extruder 4.
• the extruder 4 material can be supplied of optimum size, whereby a proper mixing and proper melting of the material ensures and clogging of the extruder 4 can be prevented.
• a further temperature sensor 8b is provided which is arranged in the region of the nozzle of the extruder 4 (see also FIG. 3).
• a heater (not shown) of the extruder 4 may be connected to the control 9.
• a first control loop can be formed which comprises the first temperature sensor 8a and the tempering device 7, as well as a second control loop which comprises the second temperature sensor 8b and the extruder heater.
• Fig. 5 shows an example of a device le which is very similar to the device 1d shown in Fig. 4.
• the screw conveyor 3 however, no teeth 12 and no knives 14, but continuous cutting 16. These cutting 16 cooperate with fixed blades 17, whereby the supplied material is also crushed.
• the fixed blades 17 may be formed, for example, as axially aligned cutting (see also the front view B) or else also run in a spiral (see the front view C). It is particularly advantageous if the pitch of the fixed helical cutting edges 17 is different from that of the cutting edges 16 of the transporting screw 3, since then load peaks in the drive torque are avoided.
• the spiral-shaped sheaths 17 can be wound in the same sense as the cutting edges 16 of the screw conveyor 3 or also in opposite directions. Finally, it would also be conceivable that the fixed blades 17 are normal to the axis of the screw conveyor 3.
• the stationary blades 17 are arranged only in the upper and in the lateral region of the transport screw 3, since this avoids that material accumulates in the lower region of the screw conveyor 3, which is not transported away.
• the tube, in which the screw conveyor 3 runs funnel-shaped together, whereby the collection of plastic particles in the screw conveyor 3 is favored.
• said eccentric configuration and / or said funnel-shaped structure is also suitable for the teeth 12 and blades 14 shown in FIG. 4.
• a coaxial and / or cylindrical screw conveyor 3 Arrangement possible.
• the Transport screw 3 cutting 12, knife 14 and teeth 16 or any combination thereof it is also conceivable that the Transport screw 3 cutting 12, knife 14 and teeth 16 or any combination thereof.
• FIG. 6 now shows a further variant of a device 1f, which has a sensor 18 for detecting the type / type of processed plastic, a memory 19 with an association between the type / type of plastic stored therein and a setpoint temperature in the extruder 4 and / or at the entrance of the extruder 4 and means for loading the setpoint temperature, which corresponds to the recognized type / type of plastic, into the control 9.
• the memory 19 and the control 9 are part of a process computer 20.
• the memory 19 and the control / regulation 9 also form independent units.
• the temperature at the temperature sensor 8 is thus not only regulated, but it is also determined which setpoint of the control should be used.
• various sensors 18 can be used to detect the type / type of plastic. For example, this can work on the principle of spectral analysis. Under certain circumstances, an ongoing determination of the type / type of plastic due to the necessary measurement time is not or only partially possible. It is therefore also conceivable that the measurement is carried out at the beginning of a batch and the result of the following processing is used.
• the proposed measures a variety of materials can be processed in an advantageous manner. This is particularly advantageous in the context of devices lf, which are used for the recycling of plastic, since there are particularly many different plastics. Often it is not known which plastic or which plastic mixtures are to be processed. However, by using the above-mentioned sensor 18, the type / type of processed plastic can be detected and the apparatus 1f can be set thereon.
• the control / regulation can in the presented variant generally, as stated above, based on the set temperature in the extruder 4 and / or at the entrance of the extruder 4, if in the course of the screw conveyor 3 and / or in the course of the extruder 4 a tempera tursensor 8, 8a, 8b is arranged (case a).
• control / regulation can also be based on a desired load of the drive 6 of the extruder 4, if means 10 are provided for detecting a load of the drive 4 of the extruder 6 (case b).
• Type / type of processed plastic be provided, as shown in FIG. 6.
• the type / type can be entered by a machine operator, for example by selecting one or more plastics from a table offered.
• the input can be based on the results of a laboratory analysis or supplier information.
• the input means 21 can be formed, for example, by a keyboard, a touch screen or, for example, by a reading device for a storage medium, on which the type / type of processed plastic and optionally also the assignment to a nominal temperature / nominal load is stored.
• the memory 19 also an association between the type / type of plastic and a desired temperature profile along at least part of the transport path of the plastic particles, containing the target temperature in the extruder 4 and / or at the entrance of the extruder. 4 , can be stored.
• further control circuits / control loops can be provided in the course of transport of the plastic particles, with which the temperature of the plastic particles can be influenced and in which said desired temperature profile or parts thereof can be loaded.
• the device lf can be better adjusted to the type / type of processed plastic.
• FIG. 7 shows an example in which the controller 9 influences several points of a device lg, as shown in simplified form with dashed arrows.
• a device lg for this purpose, it is also possible to provide a plurality of temperature sensors 8, 8a, 8b (not explicitly shown in FIG. 7) arranged in the transport path of the plastic particles.
• a comminution shaft 22, which can be driven independently by the transport screw 3, is furthermore provided with knives arranged thereon.
• the device lg also comprises a further motor 23.
• the size of the plastic particles supplied to the extruder can be set by the transport screw 3 independently of the material flow. If the rotational speed of the comminuting or cutting shaft 22 is increased with respect to the rotational speed of the conveying screw 3, the plastic particles are comminuted more strongly and vice versa.
• the temperature of the plastic particles depending on the type / type in their entire transport process up to a position in the extruder. 4
• FIG. 8 shows several temperature profiles through the device lg. Specifically, the temperatures T are shown at a plurality of points A..F distributed over the path s.
• Point A indicates the input of the storage container 2
• point B the entrance to the shredding or cutting shaft 22
• point C the entrance to the screw conveyor 3
• point D the entrance to the extruder 4
• point E a point in the extruder 4
• point F the output or the nozzle of the extruder 4.
• temperature curves for four different materials M1..M4 are shown.
• the temperature T in the entire transport process up to the position E is steadily increasing.
• These gradients are particularly suitable for plastics, which is supplied by friction in the screw conveyor 3 relatively little energy, or plastics which have a relatively high melting point.
• the material M1 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and for the material M2 polyamide (PA) may be provided.
• the temperature T in the entire transport process is continuously rising up to the position E, but sinking in the course of the transport screw 3.
• These gradients are particularly suitable for plastics, which due to friction in the transport 3 relatively high energy is supplied, or plastics, which have a comparatively low melting point.
• ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) may be provided for the material M3 polyolefin and material M4 .
• the materials M3 and M4 are thus cooled in the course of the transport screw 3 by the tempering device 7 in order to avoid clogging or sticking of the extruder opening D or caking of the plastic particles on the same or at least reduce it.
• a cooling capacity of the tempering device 7 is greater than a power supplied by friction to the piece-shaped plastic particles in the transport screw 3.
• the cooling capacity of the tempering device 7 is greater than a drive power of the transport screw 4. The latter is usually easier to determine than the piece-shaped plastic particles in the transport screw 4 by friction supplied power, whereby the dimensioning of the temperature control 7 is simplified , Any resulting slight oversizing may serve as security.
• the proposed method is carried out on the basis of a desired temperature profile and with the aid of a plurality of temperature sensors 8, 8a, 8b arranged in the transport path of the plastic particles.
• the mentioned method is carried out in an analogous manner alternatively or additionally on the basis of a desired load profile.
• a plurality of drive motors are integrated into the transport path of the plastic particles. In the illustrated examples, these are the first drive 5 for the transport screw 3, the second drive 6 for the extruder 4 and the motor 23 for comminution shaft / knife shaft 22.
• the embodiments show possible embodiments of a device la .. lg for processing of thermoplastic material and method for their operation, which should be noted at this point that also various combinations of the individual embodiments are possible with each other.
• control principles presented are not necessarily bound to the mechanical properties of the design of the device 1. That is, the examples are interchangeable in terms of their control properties and in terms of their mechanical structure.
• the control principle presented in FIG. 1 can also be used with a transport screw 3 according to FIG. 4 or 5 or in connection with a transport tube 11.
• the control principle illustrated in FIG. 3 can also be used in devices 1 a, 1 b, 1 d, 1e, 1f, 1g, and so on.
• a device la. Lg may in reality also comprise more or fewer constituents than illustrated.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2015
  • 2015-11-24 AT ATA51001/2015A patent/AT517972B1/de active
• 2016
  • 2016-11-24 EP EP16800980.1A patent/EP3380298A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-11-24 JP JP2018526775A patent/JP2018535128A/ja active Pending
  • 2016-11-24 US US15/778,262 patent/US20180369770A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-11-24 WO PCT/EP2016/078622 patent/WO2017089437A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2016-11-24 CN CN201680075052.2A patent/CN108472855A/zh active Pending

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