EP3376516B1 - Vakuumschalter - Google Patents
Vakuumschalter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3376516B1 EP3376516B1 EP17161547.9A EP17161547A EP3376516B1 EP 3376516 B1 EP3376516 B1 EP 3376516B1 EP 17161547 A EP17161547 A EP 17161547A EP 3376516 B1 EP3376516 B1 EP 3376516B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contacts
- contact
- vacuum switch
- closed position
- fact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000722921 Tulipa gesneriana Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
- H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6642—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6646—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having non flat disc-like contact surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vacuum switch designed for use as a grounding (earthing) switch or as a disconnector, in particular for railway applications.
- Grounding is necessary for safety reasons in case of inspection, maintenance, repair, or replacement of some electrical equipment such as capacitor banks, circuit breakers, circuit switchers, etc.
- Grounding switches or devices can be available as stand-alone devices or combined with other electrical devices such as disconnectors, circuit breakers, and other switching devices.
- Grounding devices are usually operated through manual handling by an operator, via a manual gear operator, or a hook stick, or via an electromechanical actuator (coil, electric motor).
- an air-insulated grounding switch comprising two moving arms.
- the arms are designed to move between an open position and a closed position in which they are slotted in corresponding grounding fingers connected to the ground.
- air-insulated grounding switches are designed to fulfil the following requirements of electrical grounding:
- SF 6 a gas such as SF 6 for the insulation of the grounding switch in an enclosed and sealed housing.
- gas-insulated grounding switches are costly, complex and delicate devices. Gas-pressure should be monitored at all time and as such they are not entirely suitable to be used on the roof of rolling stock where they would be subjected to high mechanical stress and harsh environmental conditions.
- SF 6 is a greenhouse gas involved in global warming and therefore its use should be avoided.
- Solid insulated switchgear which are equipped with solid-insulated grounding switches are a more environment friendly option. Such a switchgear generally use epoxy resin as insulation material instead of SF 6 . They require low-maintenance and are overall safer as they eliminate any risk of gas leak compared to the gas insulated switchgear. However, such solid insulated switchgear are still somewhat bulky, very heavy and cumbersome.
- a disconnector is a mechanical switching device which provides in the open position of its contacts an isolating distance in accordance with specified requirements.
- a disconnector is an off-load device which can be interlocked with other switching devices like circuit breaker and grounding switch. It is usually capable of opening and closing a circuit when either no or negligible current is broken or made or when no or insignificant voltage difference across the terminals of each poles of the disconnectors occurs. It is also capable of carrying current under normal circuit conditions and carrying current for a specified time under abnormal conditions as those of short circuit.
- the usual requirements for a disconnector are the same as requirements i. to iv. listed above for a grounding switch together with:
- the document CN106252151 describes a vacuum switch used as an air or liquid-insulated grounding switch or as a disconnector and comprising all the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a switch which can be used as a grounding switch or as a disconnector and which avoids all the drawbacks mentioned above.
- the invention intends to provide a solution for electrical grounding or disconnecting that is reliable, compact, cheap, suitable for railway applications, for use in open air or in enclosed space and for use as a standalone device or as a part of the switchgear or any electrical protecting system of a circuit.
- the object of the present invention is a vacuum switch according to claims 1 and 2, its use for railway applications according to claim 12 and an electrical circuit comprising said vacuum switch according to claim 13.
- the object of the invention is a vacuum switch 1 designed to perform electrical grounding or disconnecting in an electric circuit.
- the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention is preferably arranged to operate at high or medium voltage.
- the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention is designed for railway applications.
- the structure of the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention is generally similar to the structure of a known vacuum switch designed to act as a current circuit breaker in an electrical circuit.
- the vacuum switch 1 generally comprises a sealed chamber 2 in which a controlled low pressure of air or another dielectric fluid preferably prevails, i.e. a vacuum.
- the chamber 2 is defined by an insulating case which is made of a suitable insulating material such as ceramic, glass-ceramic or glass for example.
- the insulating case is tubular and preferably formed by two insulating cylinders 3, 4.
- a conducting cap 51, 52 closes each open end of the sealed chamber 2.
- the caps 51, 52 are made of metal. Any known technique can be used to effectively seal the caps 51, 52 to the insulating case.
- the caps 51, 52 can be fixed on their respective cylinders 3, 4 by metallisation followed by brazing.
- the sealed chamber 2 bounded by the insulating case 3, 4 and the conducting caps 51, 52 encloses a pair of acting contacts 101, 102 that are movable with respect to one another inside the sealed chamber 2.
- the contacts 101, 102 are movable with respect to one another between a first open position in which they are not in contact with each other and current cannot flow from one to the other and a second closed position in which they are in contact with each other and current can flow from one to the other.
- a first contact 101 is stationary and securely attached to one of the caps 51.
- the second contact 102 called movable contact, is mounted inside the chamber 2 so as to be able to move through the other cap 52 between the closed and open position of the contacts.
- a sealing metallic bellows 16 is fitted between the movable contact 102 and the corresponding cap 52, thereby ensuring proper sealing of the chamber 2.
- a metallic bellows shield can be fitted around the sealing bellows 16, at the level of the end of the bellows 16 coupled to the movable contact 102.
- this bellows shield is not essential to the vacuum switch according to the invention when used as a grounding switch or a disconnector.
- the movable contact 102 moves between the open position in which the said movable contact 102 is not in contact with the fixed contact 101 ( figures 2 , 3a , 4a , 6 , 8 , 9a , 10a , 11 and 13 ) and the closed position in which the moving and fixed contact 102, 101 are in contact ( figures 3b , 3c , 4b , 4c , 5 , 7a , 7b , 9b , 9c , 10b and 10c ).
- the tightly sealed chamber 2 preferably further comprises a main shield 20 positioned at the contact area of the movable and fixed contacts 101, 102 around said contacts.
- this main shield 20 is designed mainly to protect the insulating case 3, 4 against metallic vapour or any projections that might occur during arcing when the contacts are opened for load or short circuit current breaking. Because no arcing activity is expected during grounding or disconnecting operation, the main shield 20 of the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention does not need to protect the insulating case 3, 4 against vapour or projection and thus can be removed (the same goes for the bellows shield).
- the shield 20 can be used and designed to shape the electric field and electric potential lines distribution when the vacuum switch 1 is in its open position. In this case, there are less requirements for the design of the main shield 20 of the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention than for a traditional shield of a known vacuum switch used for current breaking. For example, such low cost material as steel can be used for the main shield 20.
- the movable contact 102 is connected to an actuating mechanism M (pictured in figure 12 ) designed to displace said movable contact 102 between the open position and the closed position.
- the actuating mechanism M is preferably actuated manually by the operator via a manual gear operator or hook stick or an electromechanical actuator such as a coil or an electric motor or any other appropriate mechanism.
- the vacuum switch 1 When used as a grounding switch, the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention is connected at one contact to the electrical circuit while the other contact is connected to the ground.
- the fixed contact 101 of the vacuum switch 1 is connected to the electrical circuit while the movable contact 102 is connected to the ground.
- electrical grounding occurs when the fixed and movable contacts 101, 102 of the vacuum switch 1 are in closed position while there is no electrical grounding when the fixed and movable contacts 101, 102 are in open position.
- both contacts 101, 102 are connected to an end of the electrical circuit.
- the vacuum switch according to the invention can be air-insulated or liquid insulated.
- the vacuum switch 1 can be directly placed on the roof of the rolling stock for railway applications where said insulating case protects the switch from the external environment (dust, birds, soot, snow).
- the vacuum switch according to the invention can be also placed inside a metal clad enclosed switchgear as a compact component for grounding or disconnecting. This is quite challenging with conventional grounding switch operating in air as they are not suitable to be placed in such enclosed switchgear.
- the vacuum switch 1 To perform electrical grounding or disconnecting, and in particular for railway applications, the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention must fulfil the following necessary requirements:
- contact resistance R c is inversely proportional to the square root of the instantaneous closing force F c .
- the instantaneous closing force F c is the difference between the external force F ext exerted by the actuating mechanism M and the external pressure (atmospheric pressure) while the contacts are in their closed position and the blow-off forces F b :
- F c F ext ⁇ F b
- blow-off forces F b The effect of this blow-off forces F b is amplified in case of short circuit current and it increases remarkably the contact resistance, or in more severe conditions, it pushes the contacts apart. In order for the vacuum switch according to the invention to perform grounding or disconnecting safely, those blow-off forces F b should be limited.
- the macroscopic design of the contacts of the vacuum switch 1 according to the invention is adapted to cancel or reduce the effect of the blow-off forces F b .
- the geometry of the contacts is shaped in such a way to alter the current path through said contacts in order to create electromagnetic attractive forces F a to balance or to reduce the effect of the blow-off forces F b .
- FIGS 2 to 11 illustrate different embodiments of the vacuum switch 1 according to the present invention with different possible geometries of the movable and fixed contacts 102, 101 which can create attractive forces F a to satisfy equation (2) above.
- the movable and fixed contacts 102, 101 present a so called “frontal closing" geometry.
- the fixed contact 101 presents a trumpet shaped hollow 103 at its free end.
- the contact surface 105 of the fixed contact 101 is flat but has an opening 107 communicating with the said hollow 103.
- the movable contact 102 has a trumpet shaped free end with a neck 104, a flange 106 and a flat contact surface 108 designed to come in contact with the contact surface 105 of the fixed contact 101.
- This support element 110 is preferably made of stainless steel.
- a spring 109 inside the hollow 103 of the first contact 101 and placed directly under the opening 107.
- the spring 109 can be made of stainless steel and prevents the hollow 103 from collapsing on itself during closing of the contacts 101, 102.
- Another way to reinforce the hollow 103 of the fixed contact 101 is to provide a spring washer 111 inside the hollow 103 as pictured in the variant of figure 5 .
- the contact surface 108 of the movable contact further comprises rims 108' at its periphery designed to come into contact 102 with the contact surface 105 of the fixed contact 101, while the said contact surface 105 of the fixed contact 101 comprised rims 105' around the opening 107 of the hollow 103 designed to come into contact with the contact surface 108 of the movable contact 102.
- the contact between the fixed and movable contacts 101 and 102 is limited to the rims 108' and 105'. This helps to better alter and conduct the current flow I through the contacts in their closed position.
- the gap G between the contacts 101, 102 is preferably greater than the required clearance distance.
- a gap of 16mm is enough to fulfil the requirement of a 25kV grounding switch or disconnector used in a railway application (for example, such a requirement can be BIL > 170kV and PF>75kV).
- the stroke for the movable contact 102 to come in closed position is equal to the gap G.
- the contacts present a geometry called "tulip closing" as illustrated in figures 6 and 7a to 7b .
- the free end of the movable contact 102 has an essentially cylindrical shape with preferably a rounded contact surface 112 and is designed to be inserted into a corresponding recess 113 of the free end of the fixed contact 101.
- the recess 113 has thus a similar cylindrical shape with a concave rounded bottom 117.
- the wall of the recess 113 of the fixed contact 101 is resilient to ensure easy insertion of the movable contact 102 into said recess 113 and electrical contact as soon as the movable contact 102 touches the wall of the fixed contact 101.
- the wall of the recess 113 is preferably made of a plurality of flexible lugs 115.
- this vacuum switch offers a very secure closing.
- the gap G between the contacts 101, 102 is also preferably greater that the required clearance distance.
- a gap of 16mm is enough to fulfil the requirement of a 25kV grounding switch or disconnector used in a railway application.
- the matching stroke for the movable contact 102 to come in closed position inside the recess 113 of the fixed contact 101 will be longer than the gap G.
- the stroke is 25 mm.
- this vacuum switch used as a grounding switch or disconnector remains more compact than most of the known air-insulated grounding switches with a stroke of 200 mm.
- the fixed and movable contacts 101, 102 present a so called “conic closing" geometry.
- the movable contact 102 has an "arrow" shaped free end with a neck 104 terminated by an inverted cone 114.
- This inverted cone 114 is designed to be inserted into a corresponding recess 113 of the free end of the fixed contact 101.
- the fixed contact 101 also presents a hollow 103 under the recess 113 with an opening 107 linking the hollow 103 to the recess 113.
- the inner wall of the recess 113 is the contact surface 105 of the fixed contact 101 designed to come into contact with the contact surface 108 of the movable contact 102 which is the outer wall of the inverted cone 114.
- This support element 110 is preferably made of stainless steel.
- a spring 109 inside the hollow 103 of the first contact 101 and placed directly under the opening 107.
- the spring 109 can be made of stainless steel and prevents the hollow 103 from collapsing on itself during closing of the contacts 101, 102.
- Another way to reinforce the hollow 103 of the fixed contact 101 is to provide a spring washer 111 inside the hollow 103 as pictured in the variant of figure 11 .
- the contact surface 108 of the movable contact 102 further comprises rims 108' at its periphery designed to come into contact with the contact surface 105 of the fixed contact 101, while the said contact surface 105 of the fixed contact 101 comprised rims 105' around the opening 107 of the hollow 103 designed to come into contact with the contact surface 108 of the movable contact 102.
- the contact between the fixed and movable contacts 101, 102 is limited to the rims 108' and 105'. This helps better alter and conduct the current flow I through the contacts in their closed position.
- the gap G between the contacts 101, 102 is preferably greater than the required clearance distance.
- a gap of 16mm is enough to fulfil the requirement of a 25kV grounding switch or disconnector used in a railway application (for example, such a requirement can be BIL > 170kV and PF>75kV).
- the matching stroke for the movable contact 102 to come in closed position inside the recess 113 of the fixed contact 101 will be longer than the gap G.
- the vacuum switch according to the second embodiment of the invention used as a grounding switch or disconnector remains more compact than most of the known air-insulated grounding switches with a stroke of 200 mm.
- a vacuum switch according to the invention used for electrical grounding or as a disconnector can be very compact even more compact than a traditional vacuum switch used for current interruption as no arcing contacts are required.
- the vacuum switch according to the invention used for grounding or disconnecting in railway applications can have a very small total diameter of 60 mm or under.
- the vacuum switch according to the invention uses the same basic principle as a traditional vacuum switch, it is not required to interrupt the current or to close under load when used as a grounding switch or as a disconnector.
- the overall design of the vacuum switch according to the invention can be more simple and cost effective than a traditional vacuum switch.
- the geometry of the contacts can be quite simple. While the grounding switch requirements mentioned above must be fulfilled, there is no need of a special geometry to generate transverse or axial magnetic field (TMF or AMF) to control the vacuum arc generated during opening of the contacts especially under short circuit conditions.
- TMF transverse or axial magnetic field
- Expensive CuCr contacts are also not required, and more cost effective material can be used for the contacts instead.
- the contacts can be made of copper or iron or one of copper and one of iron. Iron or any other ferromagnetic material can be used for one of the contact or both of them to enhance the attractive forces or pinching forces F a between the contacts with all the geometries discussed above.
- a favourable configuration corresponds to a coper movable contact and an iron or ferromagnetic fixed contact with a tulip shape.
- the vacuum switch according to the invention for grounding operation or as a disconnector stems from the fact that no arcing activity between the fixed and movable contacts 101, 102, is expected during opening of the contacts.
- the main shield 20 surrounding the contact area between the fixed and movable contacts 101, 102 can be removed or can be designed to only fulfil dielectric purposes. In this last case, it can therefore be made of cost effective material such as stainless steel.
- the insulating case of the vacuum switch according to the invention can be made of ceramic or glass ceramic, like traditional vacuum switch used for current breaking, but also simply of glass.
- the insulating case can be transparent (glass, ceramic or glass-ceramic) and with a transparent or semi-transparent main shield 20 or even no main shield at all, the operator can visually confirm the status of the vacuum switch (open or closed).
- Figure 13 illustrates such a grounding switch with a transparent insulating case and with a main shield 20 made as a quasi-transparent mesh of an appropriate material to form a Faraday cage which fulfils the required dielectric purposes (shaping the electric field and electric potential lines distribution when the contacts are in open position).
- the vacuum switch according to the invention could also comprise any suitable detection mechanism capable of showing to the operator the state of the switch and the position of the contacts: open or closed. This could be useful in some applications, when for example the switch is placed inside metal-clad enclosed switchgear.
- Figure 12 illustrates the use of a vacuum switch 1 according to the invention for electrical grounding in an electrical circuit for railway applications.
- the vacuum switch 1 is held within the frame 7 of the main circuit breaker of the electrical circuit.
- the actuating mechanism M and the external conductors 61, 62 attached to the movable contact 102 of the vacuum switch 1 and connected to the ground are in particular visible in this figure.
- the current flow through the external conductors 61, 62 can be used to provide added attractive forces F ca between the fixed contact 101 and the movable contact 102 during short circuit.
- blow-on forces attractive forces
- F ca repulsive forces between the conductors 61, 62, pushing these conductors 61, 62 away from each other. Consequently, these blow-on forces F ca tend to keep the first and second contact 101, 102 in their closed position.
- These forces F ca are, like the blow-off forces F b , proportional to the square of the flowing current.
- Figure 12 illustrates an example wherein the loop formed by the conductors 61, 62 is constrained by the mechanism box.
- the current in the loop provides the added attractive forces F ca on the contacts.
- the vacuum switch according to the invention can be used alone or two or more of such vacuum switches can be used in series.
- Using two or more vacuum switch in series allows for a greater safety during operation since the total gap (distance to closed/open position of the extreme contacts) of such a series of vacuum switches is the sum of each gap of each vacuum switch in the series.
- the gap between the contacts connected to each end of the circuit can be increased without the need to build a bigger and more expensive vacuum switch.
- the present invention provides a vacuum switch comprising an insulating case made of a suitable insulating material and closed at its end by two conducting caps to form a sealed vacuum chamber.
- the vacuum switch comprises a first and a second contacts that are movable with respect to one another between a first open positon in which the contacts are not in contact and a second closed position in which the said contacts are in contact.
- the vacuum switch and in particular the first and second contacts are designed so as to remain in the closed position in case of a high short circuit current in the electrical circuit and passing through the vacuum switch.
- the vacuum switch and the contacts are designed so that the electromagnetic repulsive forces occurring between the first and the second contacts during a high short circuit current in the electrical circuit and passing through the vacuum switch while in closed position and tending to move the contacts away from each other are minimized or reduced.
- those electromagnetic repulsive forces are reduced by adapting the geometry of the first and second contacts to create electromagnetic attractive forces opposing said repulsive forces and tending to push the contacts together in their closed position.
- the resulting vacuum switch can be used as a grounding switch or a as disconnector and is highly reliable, compact, durable and cost-effective since it does not require expensive material needed to withstand opening or closing under load as in a vacuum switch used to break the current in an electrical circuit.
- the vacuum switch according to the invention can be used as an air or liquid-insulated grounding or disconnecting switch in the main electrical circuit and particularly for railway applications: the insulated case of the vacuum switch according to the invention provides a good protection against the harsh environmental conditions found on top of the rolling stock which makes the grounding switch durable.
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- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Claims (13)
- Vakuumschalter (1), der einen Isolierkasten (3, 4), der aus einem geeigneten isolierenden Material hergestellt ist, zwei leitfähige Kappen (51, 52), die jeweils sicher an einer Öffnung des Isolierkastens (3, 4) befestigt sind, um eine dicht verschlossene Vakuumkammer (2) zu bilden, und einen ersten Kontakt (101) und einen zweiten Kontakt (102) innerhalb der dicht verschlossenen Vakuumkammer (2) umfasst, und die zwischen einer offenen Stellung, in der der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) nicht in Kontakt sind, und einer geschlossenen Stellung beweglich sind, in der der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) in Kontakt sind, wobei der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) gestaltet sind, um in dem Fall, in dem ein Kurzschlussstrom die Kontakte (101, 102) durchquert, wenn sie sich in der geschlossenen Stellung befinden, in der geschlossenen Stellung zu bleiben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Kontakt (101) einen trompetenförmigen Hohlraum (103) an seinem freien Ende mit einer flachen Kontaktfläche (105) aufweist, die ein Loch (107) aufweist, wobei das Loch (107) mit dem Hohlraum (103) verbunden ist, während der zweite Kontakt (102) ein entsprechendes trompetenförmiges freies Ende aufweist, das einen Hals (104), einen Flansch (106) und eine flache Kontaktfläche (108) aufweist, die gestaltet ist, um mit der Kontaktfläche (105) des ersten Kontakts (101) in der geschlossenen Stellung in Kontakt zu kommen.
- Vakuumschalter (1), der einen Isolierkasten (3, 4), der aus einem geeigneten isolierenden Material hergestellt ist, zwei leitfähige Kappen (51, 52), die jeweils sicher an einer Öffnung des Isolierkastens (3, 4) befestigt sind, um eine dicht verschlossene Vakuumkammer (2) zu bilden, und einen ersten Kontakt (101) und einen zweiten Kontakt (102) innerhalb der dicht verschlossenen Vakuumkammer (2) umfasst, und die zwischen einer offenen Stellung, in der der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) nicht in Kontakt sind, und einer geschlossenen Stellung beweglich sind, in der der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) in Kontakt sind, wobei der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) gestaltet sind, um in dem Fall, in dem ein Kurzschlussstrom die Kontakte (101, 102) durchquert, wenn sie sich in der geschlossenen Stellung befinden, in der geschlossenen Stellung zu bleiben, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Kontakt (101) eine Aussparung (113) an seinem freien Ende und einen Hohlraum (103) unter der Aussparung (113) mit einer Öffnung (107) umfasst, die den Hohlraum (103) mit der Aussparung (113) verbindet, wobei die Innenwand der Aussparung (113) die Kontaktfläche (105) des ersten Kontakts (101) ist, während der zweite Kontakt (102) ein pfeilförmiges freies Ende mit einem Hals (104) aufweist, der mit einem umgekehrten Kegel (114) endet, der gestaltet ist, um in die Aussparung (113) des freien Endes des ersten Kontakts (101) eingesetzt zu werden, wobei die Außenwand des umgekehrten Kegels (114) die Kontaktfläche (108) des beweglichen Kontakts (102) ist, die gestaltet ist, um mit der Kontaktfläche (105) des ersten Kontakts (101) in der geschlossenen Stellung in Kontakt zu kommen.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) derart gestaltet sind, dass die elektromagnetischen Abstoßungskräfte, die zwischen den Kontakten (101, 102) auftreten, während ein Kurzschlussstrom die Kontakte (101, 102) durchquert, während sie sich in der geschlossenen Stellung befinden, und dazu neigen, die Kontakte (101, 102) voneinander weg zu bewegen, minimiert oder ausgeglichen werden.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Kontakt (101, 102) derart gestaltet sind, dass elektromagnetische Anziehungskräfte (Fa) zwischen den Kontakten (101, 102) erzeugt werden, während ein Kurzschlussstrom die Kontakte (101, 102) durchquert, während sie sich in der geschlossenen Stellung befinden, wobei diese elektromagnetischen Anziehungskräfte (Fa) dazu neigen, die Kontakte (101, 102) in der geschlossenen Stellung zu halten.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein elastisches Element (109, 111) sich innerhalb des Hohlraums (103) befindet, um zu verhindern, dass der Hohlraum beim Schließen der Kontakte (101, 102) zusammengedrückt wird.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Stützelement (110) um den Hals (104) des zweiten Kontakts (102) vorhanden ist.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktfläche zwischen den Kontakten (101, 102) in ihrer geschlossenen Stellung auf Ränder (105', 108') beschränkt ist, die an jedem freien Ende des ersten und des zweiten Kontakts (101, 102) vorhanden sind.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolierkasten (3, 4) aus Keramik, Glaskeramik oder Glas hergestellt ist.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolierkasten (3, 4) transparent ist.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass entweder beide oder einer von dem ersten und dem zweiten Kontakt (101, 102) aus Kupfer, Eisen oder irgendeinem anderen ferromagnetischen Material hergestellt sind.
- Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ferner eine Hauptabschirmung (20) umfasst, die innerhalb der dicht verschlossenen Vakuumkammer (2) um den ersten und den zweiten Kontakt (101, 102) positioniert ist, wobei die Hauptabschirmung (20) als nahezu transparente Maschen gestaltet ist, durch die die Stellung des ersten und des zweiten Kontakts (101, 102) sichtbar ist.
- Verwendung des Vakuumschalters (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche als ein luft- oder flüssigkeitsisolierter Erdungsschalter oder ein Trennschalter für Eisenbahnanwendungen.
- Elektrische Schaltung, die einen Vakuumschalter (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Kontakt (102) über mindestens zwei Leiter (61, 62), die in einer Schleife angeordnet sind, mit der Erde verbunden ist, und dadurch, dass die Länge der Leiter (61, 62) und der Abstand zwischen den Leitern (61, 62) derart angepasst sind, dass in der geschlossenen Stellung der Kontakte (101, 102) des Vakuumschalters (1) sekundäre Anziehungskräfte durch den Strom erzeugt werden, der durch den Vakuumschalter (1) und die Leiter (62, 62) fließt, die dazu neigen, die Leiter (61, 62) voneinander weg zu drücken, und somit dazu neigen, den ersten und den zweiten Kontakt (101, 102) während eines Kurzschlussstroms in der elektrischen Schaltung in ihrer geschlossenen Stellung zu halten.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17161547.9A EP3376516B1 (de) | 2017-03-17 | 2017-03-17 | Vakuumschalter |
CN201880018969.8A CN110462774B (zh) | 2017-03-17 | 2018-03-13 | 真空开关 |
PCT/IB2018/051650 WO2018167656A1 (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2018-03-13 | Vacuum switch |
JP2019550595A JP7118992B2 (ja) | 2017-03-17 | 2018-03-13 | 真空スイッチ |
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EP17161547.9A EP3376516B1 (de) | 2017-03-17 | 2017-03-17 | Vakuumschalter |
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EP3376516A1 EP3376516A1 (de) | 2018-09-19 |
EP3376516B1 true EP3376516B1 (de) | 2019-09-18 |
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JP (1) | JP7118992B2 (de) |
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DE102019205239A1 (de) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-10-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schalteinrichtung für eine elektrische Vorrichtung sowie elektrische Anlage |
JP7311361B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2023-07-19 | 株式会社日立産機システム | 遮断器 |
DE102020210342A1 (de) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verbesserte Vakuumschaltröhre |
DE102020128939A1 (de) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-05 | TenneT TSO GmbH | Hochspannungskontakt für eine für geometrische Imperfektionen tolerante Hochspannungsverbindung |
CN112614737B (zh) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-12-30 | 平高集团有限公司 | 一种真空灭弧室 |
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DE1155186B (de) * | 1961-06-14 | 1963-10-03 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Kontakteinrichtung fuer Leistungsschalter |
JPS5826605B2 (ja) * | 1976-10-29 | 1983-06-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 真空しや断器 |
DE19615596A1 (de) * | 1995-05-03 | 1996-11-07 | Industrieanlagen Betriebsges | Anordnung zur Energieeinspeisung in Statorabschnitte eines Langstator-Magnetbahnsystems |
JP2004281059A (ja) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-10-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 真空バルブ |
JP4422554B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-08 | 2010-02-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 真空遮断器 |
JP2009199814A (ja) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-09-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 真空遮断器 |
CN202258996U (zh) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-05-30 | 张春江 | 带有u字形电动力补偿线圈的高压真空断路器 |
JP2013222528A (ja) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 真空開閉器 |
CN104064398A (zh) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-09-24 | 王永法 | 真空灭弧室的触头 |
CN106252151B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-10-01 | 北京双杰电气股份有限公司 | 真空灭弧室的触头装置及真空灭弧室 |
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CN110462774B (zh) | 2022-03-11 |
WO2018167656A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
JP7118992B2 (ja) | 2022-08-16 |
JP2020510982A (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
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