EP3365656A1 - Appareil pour mesurer la perméabilité du sous-sol - Google Patents

Appareil pour mesurer la perméabilité du sous-sol

Info

Publication number
EP3365656A1
EP3365656A1 EP16785113.8A EP16785113A EP3365656A1 EP 3365656 A1 EP3365656 A1 EP 3365656A1 EP 16785113 A EP16785113 A EP 16785113A EP 3365656 A1 EP3365656 A1 EP 3365656A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection element
injection
fluid
underground
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16785113.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas ZUMBROICH
Hans Jürgen Hahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hz-Dr Hans Juergen Hahn und Dr Thomas Zumbroich GbR
Original Assignee
Hz-Dr Hans Juergen Hahn und Dr Thomas Zumbroich GbR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE202015105525.0U external-priority patent/DE202015105525U1/de
Priority claimed from EP15190408.3A external-priority patent/EP3159671B1/fr
Application filed by Hz-Dr Hans Juergen Hahn und Dr Thomas Zumbroich GbR filed Critical Hz-Dr Hans Juergen Hahn und Dr Thomas Zumbroich GbR
Publication of EP3365656A1 publication Critical patent/EP3365656A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a subsurface permeability measuring device and a method for measuring the permeability of soils, in particular the Kolmation in subsoil of waters.
  • Colmation refers to the clogging of fine gap systems in the sands, gravels and pebbles of the river bottom and the reduction of water flow in the sediments.
  • hyporheic zone This prevents water flow and exchange between surface water, hyporheic zone and groundwater.
  • colmation is a problem for bio-wastewater treatment plants and seepage systems. Root growth can also clog the soil pores. Another form is the mud of the soil crumb by heavy or continuous rain as a problem of agriculture.
  • the hyporheic zone is usually completely ignored when examining and evaluating fumigated rivers, which usually leads to a diffuse result: although structure and water quality are good or very good, the ecological assessment only indicates a mediocre state ("general degradation"). Since colmation occurs in all those running waters in agricultural and settlement areas, most of the European streams and rivers are likely to be affected. At present, however, there are no standardized methods for the detection and evaluation of the colmation of river sediments. If considered at all, the colmation is estimated. Methods for quantitative detection of colmation do not yet exist.
  • FR 2 576415 describes a measuring device and a method for determining the permeability of a substrate, in which a measuring device is introduced into a predrilled borehole. Described is a pulsating pressure measurement in terrestrial subsoil. Ultimately, the process is complicated and expensive.
  • US Pat. No. 5,548,991 describes an injection device via which the permeability of soil can likewise be determined. An injection element is introduced into the substrate with the help of a lubricant. After removal of the injection element, the wellbore is sealed with a sealant. Both the lubricant and the sealant change the background so that the measurement of the internal Kolmation is no longer possible.
  • the hitherto customary approaches for detecting the internal colmation can be subdivided into qualitative methods, metrological methods and calculation methods.
  • the qualitative methods include, for example, the visual assessment, the so-called boot test and the optical evaluation of dry parts of the sole. All these qualitative methods have the disadvantage that they are very subjective and thus do not allow an objective comparison of different judgments.
  • the metrological methods include sediment traps, sieve analyzes, groundwater level measurements and runoff measurements. Sediment traps allow only a qualitative assessment, which in turn depends on the experimental set-up. Sieve analyzes are complex and a graduated assessment of the colmation is hardly possible. The assessment of the groundwater level also does not allow for a differentiated assessment of the colmation, whereas for discharge measurements the assessment of the colmation is not clear.
  • Calculation methods are based on the permeability as a function of time. The effort is very large and the measurement of many input parameters is required.
  • a methodology for collecting the inner colmation under water involves the introduction of a 33 cm long steel pin into the ground or the Kiessohle. The steel pin reaches 16.5 cm into the ground. A string is placed around the pencil with a loop. At the other end of the string a spring balance is attached. With increasing force is drawn at right angles to the pin, until the pin is released from the gravel. The force that is necessary for this can be read on the spring balance.
  • a disadvantage of this method is, inter alia, that the resistance of non-visible conditions in the ground is dependent. It has also been shown that numerous measurements are necessary to achieve a relatively objective result.
  • the infiltration capacity of the subsoil is also of importance in subsoil investigations or in permeability measurements in aquifers and soils.
  • no measuring devices or simply applicable methods are known for these applications in terrestrial soils either.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a Untergrund carefullyläs- stechniksmess réelle, with the degree of internal Kolmation can be reliably and repeatedly measured. Furthermore, for example, the investigation of soil with regard to the infiltration capability of the subsurface or permeability measurements in aquifers and soils should be possible.
  • the underground permeability meter is designed to be robust and simple, possible sources of error should be minimized. In addition, the production of the underground permeability meter should be cost-effective and maintenance and servicing should be feasible with little effort. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for measuring the internal Kolmation, which can be carried out in particular with the underground permeability measuring device according to the invention.
  • the object is achieved by a Unter ground press inkeitsmessge- device with the features of claim 1. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method for measuring colmation in subsoils of waters, which is characterized by the method steps of claim 10.
  • subsurface encompasses all subsurfaces, in particular loose sediments (sediments), soils, debris and other geological subsurfaces.
  • fluid includes suitable gases and liquids.
  • suitable gases and liquids include suitable gases and liquids.
  • the invention will be explained with reference to the use of liquid as a fluid, but the invention should therefore not be limited to the use of a liquid.
  • the inventors have recognized that a robust method of quantitative measurement of colmation must be able to determine the permeability of the sediments to water. The result must lead to a kind of parameter that is comparable to the permeability coefficient for aquifers (Kf value).
  • the permeability of sediments is measured by the targeted intrusion or injection of liquid, preferably water, by means of an injection element into the substrate to be examined.
  • overpressure referred to in the context of the invention, the state at the or the outlet openings.
  • a certain overpressure is provided to direct the fluid from the outside through the outlet openings.
  • the level of the pressure level depends in particular on the ground, but also on the desired duration of the injection. If the initiation is over a long period of time, a minimum overpressure may suffice. For certain substrates, it may even be possible to introduce the fluid without overpressure, ie with ambient pressure. In general, an overpressure of 1 bar has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the injection element is preferably formed by a lance of a resistant, rigid material as possible. This is particularly useful because the lance must be introduced into the soil or ground to be examined.
  • the injection element or the lance has a length that allows easy transportation by hand and insertion of the lance into the ground by a single person.
  • the lance can be between 0.5 m and 1.5 m long, preferably about 1 m.
  • the injection element can be pressed in, hammered in or be screwed or drilled.
  • the lance may have other elements that facilitate insertion into the ground. This includes, in the alternative, an impact weight, which is firmly attached to the lance, or a particularly resistant tip at the free end. It is also conceivable relatively coarse external thread that allows screwing or screwing by the user in the ground.
  • the diameter of the lance should be as small as possible, for example 0.5 cm to 3 cm.
  • the background is that, following a measurement, the remaining liquid exits the interior of the lance through the outlet openings. For the next measurement, the then empty interior must first be filled before the liquid can be conducted into the environment.
  • an end opening of the inner tube opens directly into an end opening of the outer tube, preferably at the free end of the lance, ie in the region of the lance tip.
  • the liquid first flows via outlet openings of the inner tube into the annular space between the two tubes, in order then to flow out through the outlet openings of the outer tube.
  • the inner tube may for this purpose have one or more outlet openings.
  • the injection element in the region of the entry of the liquid into the injection element, can have an actuatable and closable valve, preferably a manually operable valve.
  • the valve is opened, after the measurement, it can be closed, so that the liquid can no longer flow through the outlet openings to the outside.
  • the outer tube is closed by a valve.
  • the volume or pressure measurement is carried out via a corresponding measuring device, which is preferably arranged at the upper end of the lance, ie during use outside the water.
  • the injection element may for example also be formed by a hose which is placed on or in a river bed and remains there until it is due to sedimentation in the ground.
  • the injection element according to the invention can also be buried in the ground.
  • the injection element In its interior, the injection element has a liquid-conducting cavity, wherein at least one outlet opening is provided at the free end of the injection element. Through the cavity, the liquid is passed to the outlet opening and injected into the surrounding ground.
  • a pressure increasing device causes an increase in the pressure level of the liquid to be injected.
  • the pressure increasing device may be formed by a simple manually driven pump, but also conceivable is an electrically or motor-driven pump.
  • the liquid to be injected can either be taken from the environment, for example from a body of water, but according to the invention it is also possible to provide a container in which liquid is stored.
  • a container in which liquid is stored.
  • pure water is used which has no negative impact on the environment, in particular the water and the groundwater.
  • this can for example be in communication with a pump, via which the pressure level can be increased within the container to the desired level.
  • a valve preferably a manual or solenoid valve
  • the liquid is conveyed via an outlet line from the pressurized container into the injection element.
  • a submersible pump or a centrifugal pump can be provided in the outlet line within the container.
  • a pressure regulator can preferably be provided which precisely sets the desired overpressure.
  • a hand pump is used to generate of overpressure, for example to 2 bar in the liquid container. It is then ensured via the pressure regulator that only the desired overpressure, for example 1 bar, is introduced into the injection element per measuring process.
  • the container is provided with straps which allow it to be worn, for example, on the back. This is particularly advantageous when passing through water, especially since then electrically operated measuring devices can be attached to the container and thus can be safely carried above the water level.
  • the diameter is to be selected depending on the substrate to be examined, for example, orders of magnitude of 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 2 mm have proven to be useful. Depending on the substrate, however, diameters of less than 1 mm can be effective.
  • the advantage of multiple outlet openings distributed over the outer surface of the injection element is that the risk of clogging of all outlet openings by sand or gravel is less than with only a single outlet opening.
  • only a single outlet opening at the tip of the injection element can have advantages.
  • because the clogging of individual outlet openings increases the speed of the exiting fluid from the remaining, non-added outlet openings. This is not the case with only a single opening.
  • a time-controlled valve can be provided according to the invention.
  • the duration of liquid injection may be measured via an external stopwatch.
  • the lance advantageously has a scale or color indicators on its outside. For example, the area of the free end may be clearly visible from the tip of the lance. When hammering then only has to be taken to ensure that the colored area penetrates into the soil. Since the lance should preferably also be usable under water, the color should be chosen so that it is well visible even through water. Alternatively or additionally, a pattern can also be used if this increases the visibility.
  • the injection element as slowly as possible into the substrate.
  • it can be loaded with a weight or with spring force and, for example, slowly pushed into the ground using a tripod.
  • the pressure with which the liquid is introduced into the underground can also be significantly higher or significantly lower. For example, measurements can lead to meaningful and reliable results where the pressure is significantly less than 1 bar. Measurements with lower pressure also lead to less influence on the substrate surrounding the injection element.
  • the working pressure and the injection time can be adjusted as needed.
  • sensors can be introduced into the sediment, z. B. for measuring the temperature, the oxygen content, the conductivity, the localization of the measuring point (GPS) or other parameters.
  • the sensors can also be attached to the injection element or integrated into it.
  • the mechanical components shown in the method described above can be supplemented or substituted by electronic components. Digital recording and automated further processing is possible. However, it can also be used for subsoil exploration or for permeability measurements of aquifers.
  • the method described above is basically also suitable for use in the marine environment (eg harbor basin and offshore).
  • measurements can be made in still waters such as lakes, ponds and ponds.
  • the subsurface permeability measuring device and the method are therefore suitable for use in permanent and temporary waters.
  • all elements that require electrical energy are designed so that they can be operated via 9V or 12V or 24V. This minimizes the size of batteries or Batteries and in particular also allows a power supply via solar elements, which is particularly helpful in long field measurements in nature.
  • the determination of the colmation requires that the surrounding soil is changed as little as possible.
  • the introduction of the injection element must not lead to compressions in the surrounding material, since thereby the measured values are changed.
  • the underground permeability measuring device according to the invention permits a slow introduction of the injection element into the substrate, whereby the influence on the surrounding material is reduced.
  • the lance itself is placed directly in the ground, a pre-drilling, as it is necessary in other methods is avoided.
  • the minimally invasive technique according to the invention causes virtually no adverse effects on the environment.
  • the investigations can be carried out manually, ie a single person, for example, passes through a river bed or creek bed and can carry out measurements at various points.
  • the portability of the subsurface transmittance meter is of crucial importance. This is also because numerous measurements must be carried out for a sufficient examination or mapping of substrates, which means that changeover times or a procedure of large equipment can not be expedient.
  • the underground permeability measuring device With the underground permeability measuring device according to the invention, a large number of measurements can be taken in a very short time directly by manually introducing the lance. Only one person is needed for this.
  • the focus of the invention is that the underground permeability measuring device according to the invention is portable, suitable for environmentally friendly measurement of the colmation in subsoil waters of any kind. So it is very important that the measuring device allows quick and easy measuring. It is also essential that the meter is designed in such a way that it can be used in water or in water-saturated underground. The measurement should be minimally invasive and disturb the background or the existing colmation as little as possible.
  • FIG 2 shows an example of an injection element according to the invention.
  • the sole figure shows a subsurface transmittance meter 20 for measuring the permeability of a subsurface.
  • This has an injection element 22, executed in the illustrated embodiment as a lance, which is insertable into a substrate.
  • a cavity 24 is formed through which liquid can be directed to outlet openings 26.
  • the outlet openings 26 are arranged in the region of the free end and distributed uniformly over the outer circumference of the injection element 22.
  • the injection element 22 is connected in the embodiment shown with a line 28, which ultimately ends in a container 30. Within the container 30 liquid is arranged to be injected into the ground.
  • a pressure increasing device 32 serves to increase the pressure level at which the liquid is injected into the ground.
  • the pressure increasing device 32 is designed as a manual pump 34, via which the pressure level in the container 30 can be increased.
  • the subsurface transmittance meter 20 further comprises a measuring device 36, via which a measurement from the group of injected liquid volume, period of the liquid injection or pressure level of the liquid injection is feasible. Accordingly, the necessary elements, such as a volumeter 38, a pressure gauge and / or a clock are available.
  • a timed valve 40 opens the inlet into the injection element 22 for a defined period of time.
  • This valve 40 may be formed by a manual valve or a solenoid valve with time setting.
  • a display device 42 serves to display measured values. Via the display device 42, all relevant data can be displayed, for example the measured pressure level, the injected liquid volume or the period of the liquid injection. In particular, the time to be measured can also be set via the display device.
  • the indicator 42 may be external or integral with the meter.
  • an additional pressure indicator 44 is provided.
  • the defined overpressure or the desired pressure level can be ensured by means of an adjustable pressure relief valve 46.
  • the injection element 22 has a colored area 48 which indicates a desired depth of penetration into the substrate.
  • This colored area can be dispensed with, but it can also be replaced by a scale, for example with a centimeter display.
  • a striking weight 50 is provided in order to facilitate introduction of the injection element 22 into the ground.
  • a relatively large external thread is conceivable that the injection element 22 can be screwed into the ground.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an injection element 22 with two coaxial tubes.
  • the flow of liquid is illustrated by arrows.
  • An inner tube 54 is disposed inside an outer tube 56.
  • An annular space 58 of the injection element 22 initially fills through an outlet opening 26 of the inner tube 54.
  • the inner tube 54 can also have a plurality of outlet openings 26. Thereafter, the liquid flows out of the outer tube 54 through the outlet opening 26.
  • a valve 60 preferably a manually operable tap allows closing of the outer tube 54 and the annular space 58 and thus prevents accidental leakage of the liquid through the outlet openings 26 after the measurement.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil portatif (20) pour mesurer la perméabilité du sous-sol. Cet appareil présente : - un élément d'injection (22) conçu comme une lance à enfoncer dans le sous-sol, pourvu d'une cavité (24) pour acheminer un fluide jusqu'à au moins un orifice de sortie (26) de préférence agencée dans la zone de l'extrémité libre de l'élément d'injection (22), ledit fluide pouvant être injecté par l'élément d'injection (22) et l'orifice de sortie (26) dans le sous-sol entourant l'élément d'injection (22). Il présente également un élément d'injection (22) à enfoncer dans un sous-sol, pourvu d'une cavité (24) pour acheminer un fluide jusqu'à au moins un orifice de sortie (26) de préférence agencée dans la zone de l'extrémité libre de l'élément d'injection (22), - un dispositif d'augmentation de pression (32) au moyen duquel le fluide peut être injecté en surpression dans le sous-sol entourant l'élément d'injection (22) au moyen de l'élément d'injection (22) et de l'orifice de sortie (26). Cette demande concerne en outre un procédé pour mesurer la perméabilité d'un sous-sol.
EP16785113.8A 2015-10-19 2016-10-18 Appareil pour mesurer la perméabilité du sous-sol Withdrawn EP3365656A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202015105525.0U DE202015105525U1 (de) 2015-10-19 2015-10-19 Untergrunddurchlässigkeitsmessgerät
EP15190408.3A EP3159671B1 (fr) 2015-10-19 2015-10-19 Appareil de mesure de la permeabilite du sous-sol
PCT/EP2016/074917 WO2017067898A1 (fr) 2015-10-19 2016-10-18 Appareil pour mesurer la perméabilité du sous-sol

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3365656A1 true EP3365656A1 (fr) 2018-08-29

Family

ID=58556737

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16785113.8A Withdrawn EP3365656A1 (fr) 2015-10-19 2016-10-18 Appareil pour mesurer la perméabilité du sous-sol

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20180252629A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3365656A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017067898A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2017006B1 (en) * 2016-06-20 2018-01-04 Fugro N V a method, a system, and a computer program product for determining soil properties

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20180252629A1 (en) 2018-09-06
WO2017067898A1 (fr) 2017-04-27

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