EP3359732B1 - Method for operating a paper machine, and paper machine - Google Patents

Method for operating a paper machine, and paper machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3359732B1
EP3359732B1 EP16774905.0A EP16774905A EP3359732B1 EP 3359732 B1 EP3359732 B1 EP 3359732B1 EP 16774905 A EP16774905 A EP 16774905A EP 3359732 B1 EP3359732 B1 EP 3359732B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
heat
heat pump
cylinder
drying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16774905.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3359732A1 (en
Inventor
Vladimir Danov
Florian REISSNER
Hermann Schwarz
Jochen SCHÄFER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3359732A1 publication Critical patent/EP3359732A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3359732B1 publication Critical patent/EP3359732B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/20—Waste heat recovery
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/18—Drying webs by hot air
    • D21F5/181—Drying webs by hot air on Yankee cylinder
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/18—Drying webs by hot air
    • D21F5/182—Drying webs by hot air through perforated cylinders
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0253—Heating or cooling the rolls; Regulating the temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a paper machine for producing paper, cardboard or paperboard according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to such a paper machine according to the preamble of patent claim 6.
  • the paper machine comprises a conveying device, by means of which at least one fibrous web produced from a fiber suspension is conveyed in a conveying direction.
  • the paper machine further has at least one drying area, in which the fibrous web, which is conveyed through the drying area, is dried by means of at least one drying cylinder.
  • the drying cylinder is arranged in the drying area, so that the fibrous web is dried by means of the drying cylinder.
  • the fibrous web is guided over the drying cylinder, for example.
  • the fibrous web is conveyed on a mat, in particular a fleece, and guided over the mat around the drying cylinder.
  • the drying cylinder is fed with a first medium for drying the fibrous web.
  • the first medium is introduced into the drying cylinder.
  • the drying cylinder has an outer peripheral side surface around which the fibrous web, in particular over the mat, is guided.
  • the outer peripheral side surface usually has at least one throughflow opening, in particular a plurality of throughflow openings, through which the first medium supplied to the drying cylinder and in particular introduced into the drying cylinder from the drying cylinder can flow out. This means that the first medium flows through the passage opening.
  • the first medium then flows through the mat and in particular through the fibrous web, whereby it is dried. As a result, the fibrous web can be dehumidified.
  • the paper machine further comprises at least one subsequent to the drying cylinder in the conveying direction smoothing cylinder, by means of which the fibrous web is smoothed on at least one side.
  • a second medium for heating the smoothing cylinder is supplied to the smoothing cylinder.
  • the smoothing cylinder is also referred to as MG cylinder, for example, where MG denotes "machine glazed". This makes it possible, for example, to produce so-called “single-sided” paper. This is a paper grade with very high strength.
  • the document DE 10 2014 205381 A1 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop a method and a paper machine of the type mentioned at the outset such that a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine can be realized.
  • the first medium of the drying cylinder in particular after drying the fibrous web, removed and supplied as a heat source of a heat pump, by means of which the second medium is heated or heated.
  • the heat pump is thus arranged downstream of the drying cylinder with respect to a flow direction of the first medium from the drying cylinder to the heat pump, so that the first medium first flows through the drying cylinder in relation to the flow direction.
  • the first medium is then removed from the drying cylinder.
  • the first medium can flow out of the drying cylinder, wherein the first medium flowing out of the drying cylinder is exhaust gas of the drying cylinder.
  • the first medium exhaust gas
  • the exhaust gas is used as a heat source to provide heat to the heat pump, by means of which the second medium is heated.
  • the heat pump is arranged upstream of the smoothing cylinder.
  • the second medium first flows through the heat pump and is heated by the heat pump.
  • the second medium can be supplied to the smoothing cylinder, so that then the smoothing cylinder is heated by means of the second medium. It is conceivable that the second medium flows into the heat pump in a first state of aggregation and flows out of the heat pump in a second state of matter different from the first state of aggregation or is supplied to the smoothing cylinder in the second state of aggregation different from the first state of aggregation.
  • the first state of aggregation is, for example, liquid.
  • the medium is then the smoothing cylinder, for example, as air, especially hot Air, or as steam, in particular hot steam fed.
  • the invention is based on the finding that there is a very high heat requirement in the pulp industry in order, for example, to produce paper, cardboard or paperboard.
  • This high heat requirement is due, in particular, to the fact that the initially very wet or very high moisture content fibrous web is dried. By this drying, a desired moisture content of the fibrous web can be adjusted.
  • the idea underlying the invention is now to use the exhaust gas of the drying cylinder or at least a portion of the heat contained in the exhaust gas to heat or to heat the second medium and subsequently the smoothing cylinder. As a result, the total heat requirement of the paper machine compared to conventional paper machines can be kept low, so that by means of the method according to the invention paper, cardboard or paperboard can be produced in an energy-efficient manner.
  • the heat pump For heating the second medium, the heat pump is used, since the second medium, in particular upstream of the heat pump, for example, already has a higher temperature than the first medium, in particular upstream of the heat pump. However, the temperature of the second medium upstream of the heat pump is not sufficient for sufficient heating of the smoothing cylinder. Since the heat pump is used, heat can be dissipated from the first medium, which is colder than the second medium, and fed to the second medium, so that a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine can be represented.
  • thermochemical heat pump in which by means of heat, which is supplied to the heat pump, a chemical, heat-absorbing reaction, that is, an endothermic reaction, is effected, wherein heat for heating the second medium by means of a chemical, heat-releasing reaction, that is, an exothermic reaction.
  • the heat pump comprises a different working medium from the media, which is compressed by means of at least one compressor and expanded by means of at least one expansion device.
  • the heat pump is designed, for example, as a compression heat pump.
  • the heat pump comprises at least one heat exchanger for effecting a heat transfer from the first medium to a different, different medium.
  • the other medium is, for example, the working medium of the heat pump.
  • the heat pump comprises at least one heat exchanger for effecting heat transfer from a different medium different from the second medium to the second medium.
  • the other medium is, for example, the working medium of the heat pump.
  • At least one heat pump for heating the second medium is provided according to the invention.
  • the first medium can be discharged from the drying cylinder and supplied as a heat source to the heat pump.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the paper machine according to the invention and vice versa.
  • the drawing shows in the single figure a schematic representation of a paper machine for producing paper, cardboard or cardboard, wherein at least one heat pump is provided for heating a medium, which is heated by means contained in a further medium heat.
  • the single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a paper machine designated as a whole by 10 for producing paper, cardboard or cardboard.
  • the paper machine 10 comprises at least one container device 12, in which, for example, a fiber suspension is received. From this fiber suspension at least one fibrous web 14 is produced, from which in turn the paper or the cardboard or the paperboard is produced.
  • the fibrous web 14 is also referred to as a paper web, web or cellulosic web and is, for example, initially designed as a very moist fiber fleece.
  • a generally designated 16 conveyor of the paper machine 10 the fibrous web 14 is conveyed in an illustrated by a directional arrow 18 conveying direction.
  • the paper machine 10 has a total of 20 denoted drying area through which the fibrous web 14 is conveyed by means of the conveyor 16 therethrough.
  • the fibrous web 14 is dried.
  • the fibrous web 14 which initially has a very high moisture content, is dehumidified, thereby reducing the moisture content of the fibrous web 14.
  • a desired moisture content is set by drying the fibrous web 14. For drying the fibrous web 14, this is in heated to the drying region 20, whereby moisture, which is initially contained in the fibrous web 14, at least partially removed from the fibrous web 14.
  • At least one drying cylinder 26 is arranged in the drying area 20.
  • the drying area 20 comprises a first partial area 22 and a second partial area 24, which adjoins the first partial area 22 with respect to the conveying direction.
  • a plurality of drying cylinders 26 is arranged in the first portion 22, by means of which the fibrous web 14 is dried.
  • the fibrous web 14 passes over the drying cylinder 26.
  • the fibrous web 14 is conveyed for example on a gas or vapor-permeable mat, in particular by the drying area 20, wherein the fibrous web 14 guided over the mat around the respective drying cylinder 26 and the mat on the respective drying cylinder 26 is supported. This means that the mat is arranged between the fibrous web 14 and the respective drying cylinder 26.
  • the drying cylinders 26 are supplied with a first medium in the form of steam.
  • the respective drying cylinder 26 has an outer circumferential side surface, on which the fibrous web 14, in particular under the mediation of the mat, is supported.
  • the respective outer circumferential side surface has at least one passage opening.
  • the respective outer circumferential side surface has a plurality of passage openings.
  • the first medium which is fed to the respective drying cylinder 26 and thereby introduced into the respective drying cylinder 26, can flow through the respective passage opening, so that the first medium in the form of air or steam can flow out of the respective drying cylinder 26 via the respective passage opening.
  • the first medium can then flow through the mat and in particular through the fibrous web 14, whereby it is dried or dehumidified.
  • At least one smoothing cylinder 28 of the paper machine 10 is arranged.
  • the smoothing cylinder 28 is thus part of the second portion 24 and thus of the drying area 20 in total, wherein the smoothing cylinder 28 with respect to the conveying direction of the drying cylinder 26 connects.
  • the fibrous web 14 also passes over the smoothing cylinder 28 during its course through the drying region 20, so that the fibrous web 14 touches the smoothing cylinder 28, for example. It is possible that the smoothing cylinder 28 - as will be explained below - is heated or heated, so that a heat transfer from the smoothing cylinder 28 to the, in particular the smoothing cylinder 28 touching, fibrous web 14 can take place.
  • the smoothing cylinder 28 is, for example, a high-precision drying cylinder and is also referred to as a MG cylinder.
  • MG means "Machine Glazed” and means "one-sided smooth”.
  • the smoothing cylinder 28 has, for example, a very large diameter, wherein the fibrous web 14 touches the smoothing cylinder 28 for a particularly long time.
  • the first medium is preferably vapor or air which is supplied to the respective drying cylinder 26 at a first temperature T1, so that the steam or the air (first medium) at the temperature T1 flows into the respective drying cylinder.
  • the first medium is thus drying air for drying the fibrous web 14.
  • the smoothing cylinder 28 a second medium is supplied, the flow is illustrated in the figure by a direction arrow 32.
  • this second medium of the smoothing cylinder 28 is heated or heated.
  • the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the second medium having a second temperature T2.
  • the second temperature T2 is for example 250 degrees Celsius.
  • the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the second medium in vapor or gaseous form.
  • the paper machine 10 comprises a heat pump designated as a whole by 34.
  • the first medium is discharged from the respective drying cylinder 26, in particular discharged, and supplied as a heat source of the heat pump 34.
  • a directional arrow 36 illustrates a flow of the heat source (first medium) from the drying cylinders 26 to the heat pump 34.
  • the second medium is heated.
  • heat is used from the first medium supplied to the heat pump 34, so that at least part of the heat contained in the first medium is transferred from the first medium via the heat pump 34 to the second medium.
  • the heat source that is, the first medium, contains heat that is at least partially utilized by the heat pump 34 to heat the second medium.
  • the first medium flows in a first state of aggregation in the respective drying cylinder 26.
  • the first medium is supplied in the first state of aggregation.
  • the first state of aggregation is preferably gaseous, so that the first medium is steam or air, that is to say a gas.
  • the first medium of the heat pump 34 is supplied in a second state of aggregation, wherein the second state of aggregation may correspond to the first state of aggregation.
  • the first medium is supplied, for example, in vapor form to the heat pump 34.
  • the first medium of the heat pump 34 is supplied with a third temperature T3, wherein this third temperature T3, for example, 150 degrees Celsius.
  • the third temperature T3 may be lower than the first temperature T1.
  • a hood 38 is arranged, which at least partially defines a receiving space or a chamber.
  • the first medium (vapor) flowing out of the drying cylinders via the passage openings can collect in the receiving space and be led from the receiving space to the heat pump.
  • the first medium which flows out of the respective drying cylinder 26 via the respective passage opening, collects in said chamber and can be removed from the chamber.
  • the discharged from the chamber first medium is then supplied to the third temperature T3 of the heat pump 34, as illustrated in the figure by the directional arrow 36.
  • the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium at a fourth temperature T4.
  • the fourth temperature is for example 230 degrees Celsius.
  • the second temperature T2 is for example 250 degrees Celsius.
  • the fourth temperature T4 lower than the second temperature and greater than the third temperature T3.
  • the second medium to be heated to the temperature T2 by means of the heat pump 34 thus has a higher temperature upstream of the heat pump than the first medium upstream of the heat pump 34.
  • there is actually a temperature gradient of the second medium in the direction of the first medium so that in principle a heat transfer from the second medium to the first medium.
  • this is not desirable because then the second medium to be heated is cooled. Therefore, the heat pump 34 is used, by means of which heat from the first medium, which is colder than the second medium to be heated, removed and fed to the second medium.
  • the second temperature T2 is greater than the first temperature T1. This is the case because the smoothing cylinder 28 requires or has to have a higher temperature than the remaining drying cylinders 26.
  • the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium in a third state of aggregation.
  • the second medium is supplied to the smoothing cylinder 28 in a fourth state of aggregation.
  • the fourth state of aggregation is, for example, a different state of aggregation from the third state of aggregation.
  • the third state of aggregation may be liquid, so that the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium as a liquid, in particular water.
  • the fourth state of aggregation is gaseous, so that the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the second medium, for example, as gas or vapor.
  • the second medium By heating the smoothing cylinder 28, the second medium cools down, as a result of which the second medium, in particular in the smoothing cylinder 28, condenses, for example.
  • This condensing of the second medium creates condensate, the is a liquid, especially in the form of water.
  • the condensate is supplied to the heat pump 34 at the temperature T4, which is illustrated in the figure by the directional arrow 40.
  • the condensate is then heated, whereby the condensate is evaporated.
  • the second medium in the gaseous state can be supplied to the smoothing cylinder 28.
  • the heat pump 34 is designed as a compression heat pump, in particular as an electric compression heat pump.
  • the heat pump 34 comprises, for example, a circuit 42, which can be flowed through by a working medium of the heat pump 34.
  • a first heat exchanger 44 of the heat pump 34 is arranged. This means that the first heat exchanger 44 can be flowed through by the working medium.
  • the first heat exchanger 44 is also referred to as a cold heat exchanger.
  • the heat pump 34 comprises a second heat exchanger 46, which is arranged in the circuit 42 and consequently can be flowed through by the working medium.
  • the second heat exchanger 46 is also referred to as a warm or hot heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger 44 can be flowed through by the working medium and the first medium.
  • the first medium is discharged, for example, with a fifth temperature T5, said fifth temperature T5, for example, 135 degrees Celsius.
  • the fifth temperature T5 is smaller than the third temperature T3. Due to the heat transfer, the first medium is thus cooled from the temperature T3 to the temperature T5.
  • the heat exchanger 46 can be flowed through by the working medium. Furthermore, it can be provided that the heat exchanger 46, the second medium is supplied, so that the heat exchanger 46 can be flowed through by the working medium and the second medium, in particular the condensate. In this case, a heat transfer from the working medium to the second medium can take place via the heat exchanger 46, so that the working medium is cooled and the second medium is heated.
  • the second medium with the fourth temperature T4 is supplied to the heat exchanger 46. By heating the second medium, it is heated to the second temperature T2 higher than the fourth temperature T4. By heating the second medium, this is evaporated, so that the second medium can be supplied as a steam to the smoothing cylinder 28.
  • a heating of the working medium is effected.
  • This heating can be done for example by a heating device 48 of the heat pump 34.
  • the heating device 48 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 44 and upstream of the heat exchanger 46.
  • This heating device may be a fluid machine, in particular a turbomachine, which is designed, for example, as a compressor.
  • a turbomachine By means of the compressor, the working medium is compressed and thereby heated, so that in particular via the heat exchanger 46, a particularly advantageous heat transfer from the working medium to the second medium can take place.
  • the second medium can be heated particularly well.
  • the compressor is designed for example as an electric compressor.
  • the compressor comprises, for example, at least one compressor wheel, by means of which the working medium can be compressed.
  • the compressor wheel can be driven for example via a shaft of a motor of the compressor, wherein the motor is designed as an electric motor.
  • the electric motor is supplied with electrical energy or electric current to drive the compressor wheel via the shaft, whereby the working fluid is compressed. This results in a compression and thus heating of the working medium by means of electrical energy.
  • the heat exchanger 46 is, for example, a condenser, by means of which the working medium is condensed.
  • an expansion device 50 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 46 and in particular upstream of the heat exchanger 44, by means of which the working medium is expanded or expanded.
  • the heat exchanger 44 is, for example, an evaporator, by means of which the working medium is evaporated.
  • the heat pump 34 is designed as a thermochemical heat pump.
  • thermochemical heat pump by means of heat which is supplied to the heat pump 34, in particular via the heat source (first medium), a chemical, heat-absorbing and thus endothermic reaction is effected. This is done, for example, in an endothermic reactor, not shown in the figure, in which reactants of the endothermic reaction can react to products of the endothermic reaction.
  • thermochemical heat pump heat is provided for heating the second medium by means of a chemical, heat-donating reaction, that is, an exothermic reaction. This is done, for example, in an exothermic reactor in which reactants of the exothermic reaction react in products of the exothermic reaction.
  • the heat by means of which the endothermic chemical reaction is effected, is supplied to the heat pump 34, for example, from the first medium.
  • the heat pump 34 for example, from the first medium.
  • at least a portion of the energy contained in the first medium is utilized to effect the endothermic chemical reaction.
  • the products of this endothermic reaction can then at least a part of the heat pump supplied heat to effect the endothermic reaction can be stored.
  • at least part of the energy or heat contained in the first medium can be stored in the products of the endothermic reaction.
  • the endothermic reaction forms, for example, a forward reaction of a chemical equilibrium reaction, wherein the exothermic reaction may be, for example, a reverse reaction of this chemical equilibrium reaction.
  • the products of the endothermic reaction are thus the educts of the exothermic reaction, wherein the products of the exothermic reaction are the starting materials of the endothermic reaction.
  • the heat stored by the forward reaction in the forward reaction products can be released by the back reaction, that is, by the exothermic reaction, so that at least part of the heat released in the back reaction can be used to heat the second medium.
  • thermochemical heat pump does not have to work continuously, but heat can be stored in the manner described, in particular in the products of the endothermic reaction, particularly well and, for example later released again and thus used.
  • the heat for effecting the endothermic chemical reaction is supplied to the heat pump 34, for example, in such a way that-in particular in the endothermic reactor-there is heat transfer from the first medium to the starting reaction starting materials. This can be done via a heat exchanger or over a large heat transfer area.
  • the first medium does not directly touch the educts but is spatially separated from them.
  • the first medium directly touches the educts, that is, flows against or flows around.
  • the first medium is supplied to the endothermic reactor.
  • an exothermic reactor which may be part of the heat pump 34.
  • the exothermic reactor comprises, for example, a heat exchanger, via which at least part of the heat released in the reverse reaction can pass to the second medium.
  • the educts and / or products of the reverse reaction are spatially separated from the second medium to be heated.
  • the second medium directly touches the reactants and / or products of the reverse reaction, that is, flows against or flows around.
  • the thermochemical heat pump for example, the circuit 42, the working medium, the heating device 48 and the expansion device 50 of the compression heat pump are dispensed with.
  • the first medium downstream of the drying cylinder 26 exhaust gas, which may be in particular humid air.
  • the first medium has a mass flow of 266 kilograms per second and a pressure of 1 bar.
  • the second medium is preferably water upstream of the heat pump 34 and downstream of the smoothing cylinder 28.
  • the second medium has, for example, a mass flow of 1.8 kilograms per second and a pressure of 40 bar.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Papiermaschine zum Herstellen von Papier, Karton oder Pappe gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 sowie eine solche Papiermaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 6.The invention relates to a method for operating a paper machine for producing paper, cardboard or paperboard according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to such a paper machine according to the preamble of patent claim 6.

Ein solches Verfahren sowie eine solche Papiermaschine zum Herstellen von Papier, Karton oder Pappe sind bereits aus dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt. Die Papiermaschine umfasst eine Fördereinrichtung, mittels welcher wenigstens eine aus einer Fasersuspension hergestellte Faserstoffbahn in eine Förderrichtung gefördert wird. Die Papiermaschine weist ferner wenigstens einen Trocknungsbereich auf, in welchem die Faserstoffbahn, welche durch den Trocknungsbereich gefördert wird, mittels wenigstens eines Trocknungszylinders getrocknet wird. Mit anderen Worten ist der Trocknungszylinder in dem Trocknungsbereich angeordnet, sodass die Faserstoffbahn mittels des Trocknungszylinders getrocknet wird. Hierzu wird die Faserstoffbahn beispielsweise über den Trocknungszylinder geführt. Dabei ist es beispielsweise vorgesehen, dass die Faserstoffbahn auf einer Matte, insbesondere einem Vlies, gefördert und über die Matte um den Trocknungszylinder geführt wird.Such a method and such a paper machine for producing paper, cardboard or paperboard are already well known from the general state of the art. The paper machine comprises a conveying device, by means of which at least one fibrous web produced from a fiber suspension is conveyed in a conveying direction. The paper machine further has at least one drying area, in which the fibrous web, which is conveyed through the drying area, is dried by means of at least one drying cylinder. In other words, the drying cylinder is arranged in the drying area, so that the fibrous web is dried by means of the drying cylinder. For this purpose, the fibrous web is guided over the drying cylinder, for example. In this case, it is provided, for example, that the fibrous web is conveyed on a mat, in particular a fleece, and guided over the mat around the drying cylinder.

Dem Trocknungszylinder wird ein erstes Medium zum Trocknen der Faserstoffbahn zugeführt. Mit anderen Worten wird das erste Medium in den Trocknungszylinder eingeleitet. Der Trocknungszylinder weist eine außenumfangsseitige Mantelfläche auf, um welche die Faserstoffbahn, insbesondere über die Matte, geführt wird. Dabei weist die außenumfangsseitige Mantelfläche üblicher wenigstens eine Durchströmöffnung, insbesondere mehrere Durchströmöffnungen auf, durch welche das dem Trocknungszylinder zugeführte und insbesondere in den Trocknungszylinder eingeleitete, erste Medium aus dem Trocknungszylinder ausströmen kann. Dies bedeutet, dass das erste Medium durch die Durchgangsöffnung strömt. Das erste Medium strömt dann durch die Matte und insbesondere durch die Faserstoffbahn, wodurch diese getrocknet wird. Dadurch kann die Faserstoffbahn entfeuchtet werden.The drying cylinder is fed with a first medium for drying the fibrous web. In other words, the first medium is introduced into the drying cylinder. The drying cylinder has an outer peripheral side surface around which the fibrous web, in particular over the mat, is guided. In this case, the outer peripheral side surface usually has at least one throughflow opening, in particular a plurality of throughflow openings, through which the first medium supplied to the drying cylinder and in particular introduced into the drying cylinder from the drying cylinder can flow out. This means that the first medium flows through the passage opening. The first medium then flows through the mat and in particular through the fibrous web, whereby it is dried. As a result, the fibrous web can be dehumidified.

Die Papiermaschine umfasst ferner wenigstens einen sich an den Trocknungszylinder in Förderrichtung anschließenden Glättungszylinder, mittels welchem die Faserstoffbahn auf wenigstens einer Seite geglättet wird. Dabei wird dem Glättungszylinder ein zweites Medium zum Beheizen des Glättungszylinders zugeführt.The paper machine further comprises at least one subsequent to the drying cylinder in the conveying direction smoothing cylinder, by means of which the fibrous web is smoothed on at least one side. In this case, a second medium for heating the smoothing cylinder is supplied to the smoothing cylinder.

Der Glättungszylinder wird beispielsweise auch als MG-Zylinder bezeichnet, wobei MG "Machine Glazed" bezeichnet. Hierdurch ist es beispielsweise möglich, sogenanntes "einseitigglattes" Papier herzustellen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Papiersorte mit besonders hoher Festigkeit.The smoothing cylinder is also referred to as MG cylinder, for example, where MG denotes "machine glazed". This makes it possible, for example, to produce so-called "single-sided" paper. This is a paper grade with very high strength.

Das Dokument DE 10 2014 205381 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patenanspruches 1.The document DE 10 2014 205381 A1 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Papiermaschine der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass ein besonders effizienter Betrieb der Papiermaschine realisierbar ist.The object of the present invention is to further develop a method and a paper machine of the type mentioned at the outset such that a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine can be realized.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie durch eine Papiermaschine mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 6 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen mit zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and by a paper machine having the features of patent claim 6. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

Um ein Verfahren der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Art derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass ein besonders effizienter Betrieb der Papiermaschine realisierbar ist, ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass das erste Medium von dem Trocknungszylinder, insbesondere nach dem Trocknen der Faserstoffbahn, abgeführt und als Wärmequelle einer Wärmepumpe zugeführt wird, mittels welcher das zweite Medium erwärmt beziehungsweise beheizt wird. Die Wärmepumpe ist somit bezogen auf eine Strömungsrichtung des ersten Mediums von dem Trocknungszylinder zu der Wärmepumpe stromab des Trocknungszylinders angeordnet, sodass das erste Medium bezogen auf die Strömungsrichtung zunächst den Trocknungszylinder durchströmt. Das erste Medium wird dann dem Trocknungszylinder abgeführt. Mit anderen Worten kann das erste Medium aus dem Trocknungszylinder ausströmen, wobei das aus dem Trocknungszylinder ausströmende erste Medium Abgas des Trocknungszylinders ist. Stromab des Trocknungszylinders wird das erste Medium (Abgas) der Wärmepumpe zugeführt. Dabei wird das Abgas als Wärmequelle genutzt, um der Wärmepumpe Wärme bereitzustellen, mittels welcher das zweite Medium erwärmt wird.In order to further develop a method of the type indicated in the preamble of patent claim 1 such that a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine can be realized, it is provided according to the invention that the first medium of the drying cylinder, in particular after drying the fibrous web, removed and supplied as a heat source of a heat pump, by means of which the second medium is heated or heated. The heat pump is thus arranged downstream of the drying cylinder with respect to a flow direction of the first medium from the drying cylinder to the heat pump, so that the first medium first flows through the drying cylinder in relation to the flow direction. The first medium is then removed from the drying cylinder. In other words, the first medium can flow out of the drying cylinder, wherein the first medium flowing out of the drying cylinder is exhaust gas of the drying cylinder. Downstream of the drying cylinder, the first medium (exhaust gas) is supplied to the heat pump. In this case, the exhaust gas is used as a heat source to provide heat to the heat pump, by means of which the second medium is heated.

Bezogen auf eine Strömungsrichtung des zweiten Mediums von der Wärmepumpe zu dem Glättungszylinder, welcher auch als Glättzylinder oder MG-Zylinder bezeichnet wird, ist die Wärmepumpe stromauf des Glättungszylinders angeordnet. Somit durchströmt das zweite Medium zunächst die Wärmepumpe und wird mittels der Wärmepumpe erwärmt. Nach der Wärmepumpe beziehungsweise stromab dieser kann das zweite Medium dem Glättungszylinder zugeführt werden, sodass dann der Glättungszylinder mittels des zweiten Mediums erwärmt wird. Dabei ist es denkbar, dass das zweite Medium in einem ersten Aggregatszustand in die Wärmepumpe einströmt und in einem vom ersten Aggregatszustand unterschiedlichen, zweiten Aggregatszustand aus der Wärmepumpe ausströmt beziehungsweise in dem vom ersten Aggregatszustand unterschiedlichen, zweiten Aggregatszustand dem Glättungszylinder zugeführt wird.Based on a flow direction of the second medium from the heat pump to the smoothing cylinder, which is also referred to as Yankee cylinder or MG cylinder, the heat pump is arranged upstream of the smoothing cylinder. Thus, the second medium first flows through the heat pump and is heated by the heat pump. After the heat pump or downstream of this, the second medium can be supplied to the smoothing cylinder, so that then the smoothing cylinder is heated by means of the second medium. It is conceivable that the second medium flows into the heat pump in a first state of aggregation and flows out of the heat pump in a second state of matter different from the first state of aggregation or is supplied to the smoothing cylinder in the second state of aggregation different from the first state of aggregation.

Der erste Aggregatszustand ist beispielsweise flüssig. Durch das mittels der Wärmepumpe bewirkte Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums wird dieses beispielsweise verdampft, sodass der zweite Aggregatszustand gasförmig ist. Das Medium wird dem Glättungszylinder dann beispielsweise als Luft, insbesondere heiße Luft, oder als Dampf, insbesondere heißer Dampf, zugeführt.The first state of aggregation is, for example, liquid. As a result of the heating of the second medium effected by means of the heat pump, it is evaporated, for example, so that the second state of aggregation is gaseous. The medium is then the smoothing cylinder, for example, as air, especially hot Air, or as steam, in particular hot steam fed.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass in der Zellstoffindustrie ein sehr hoher Wärmebedarf besteht, um beispielsweise Papier, Karton oder Pappe herzustellen. Dieser hohe Wärmebedarf rührt insbesondere daher, dass die zunächst sehr nasse beziehungsweise einen sehr hohen Feuchtegehalt aufweisende Faserstoffbahn getrocknet wird. Durch dieses Trocknen kann ein erwünschter Feuchtegehalt der Faserstoffbahn eingestellt werden. Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Idee ist es nun, das Abgas des Trocknungszylinders beziehungsweise zumindest ein Teil der in dem Abgas enthaltenen Wärme zu nutzen, um das zweite Medium und in der Folge den Glättungszylinder zu erwärmen beziehungsweise zu beheizen. Dadurch kann der Wärmebedarf der Papiermaschine insgesamt im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Papiermaschinen gering gehalten werden, sodass mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens Papier, Karton oder Pappe auf energiegünstige Weise hergestellt werden kann.The invention is based on the finding that there is a very high heat requirement in the pulp industry in order, for example, to produce paper, cardboard or paperboard. This high heat requirement is due, in particular, to the fact that the initially very wet or very high moisture content fibrous web is dried. By this drying, a desired moisture content of the fibrous web can be adjusted. The idea underlying the invention is now to use the exhaust gas of the drying cylinder or at least a portion of the heat contained in the exhaust gas to heat or to heat the second medium and subsequently the smoothing cylinder. As a result, the total heat requirement of the paper machine compared to conventional paper machines can be kept low, so that by means of the method according to the invention paper, cardboard or paperboard can be produced in an energy-efficient manner.

Zum Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums wird die Wärmepumpe genutzt, da das zweite Medium, insbesondere stromauf der Wärmepumpe, beispielsweise bereits eine höhere Temperatur als das erste Medium, insbesondere stromauf der Wärmepumpe, aufweist. Die Temperatur des zweiten Mediums stromauf der Wärmepumpe reicht aber noch nicht zum hinreichenden Beheizen des Glättungszylinders aus. Da die Wärmepumpe genutzt wird, kann von dem ersten Medium, welches kälter als das zweite Medium ist, Wärme abgeführt und dem zweiten Medium zugeführt werden, sodass ein besonders effizienter Betrieb der Papiermaschine darstellbar ist.For heating the second medium, the heat pump is used, since the second medium, in particular upstream of the heat pump, for example, already has a higher temperature than the first medium, in particular upstream of the heat pump. However, the temperature of the second medium upstream of the heat pump is not sufficient for sufficient heating of the smoothing cylinder. Since the heat pump is used, heat can be dissipated from the first medium, which is colder than the second medium, and fed to the second medium, so that a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine can be represented.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist es vorgesehen, dass als die Wärmepumpe eine thermochemische Wärmepumpe verwendet wird, bei welcher mittels Wärme, die der Wärmepumpe zugeführt wird, eine chemische, Wärme aufnehmende Reaktion, das heißt eine endotherme Reaktion, bewirkt wird, wobei Wärme zum Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums mittels einer chemischen, Wärme abgebenden Reaktion, das heißt einer exothermen Reaktion, bereitgestellt wird.In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that as the heat pump, a thermochemical heat pump is used, in which by means of heat, which is supplied to the heat pump, a chemical, heat-absorbing reaction, that is, an endothermic reaction, is effected, wherein heat for heating the second medium by means of a chemical, heat-releasing reaction, that is, an exothermic reaction.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist es vorgesehen, dass die Wärmepumpe ein von den Medien unterschiedliches Arbeitsmedium umfasst, welches mittels wenigstens eines Verdichters verdichtet und mittels wenigstens einer Expansionseinrichtung expandiert wird. Dabei ist die Wärmepumpe beispielsweise als Kompressionswärmepumpe ausgebildet.In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the heat pump comprises a different working medium from the media, which is compressed by means of at least one compressor and expanded by means of at least one expansion device. The heat pump is designed, for example, as a compression heat pump.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist es vorgesehen, dass die Wärmepumpe wenigstens einen Wärmetauscher zum Bewirken eines Wärmeübergangs von dem ersten Medium an ein davon unterschiedliches, weiteres Medium umfasst. Das weitere Medium ist beispielsweise das Arbeitsmedium der Wärmepumpe.In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the heat pump comprises at least one heat exchanger for effecting a heat transfer from the first medium to a different, different medium. The other medium is, for example, the working medium of the heat pump.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist es vorgesehen, dass die Wärmepumpe wenigstens einen Wärmetauscher zum Bewirken eines Wärmeübergangs von einem vom zweiten Medium unterschiedlichen, weiteren Medium an das zweite Medium umfasst. Das weitere Medium ist beispielsweise das Arbeitsmedium der Wärmepumpe.In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the heat pump comprises at least one heat exchanger for effecting heat transfer from a different medium different from the second medium to the second medium. The other medium is, for example, the working medium of the heat pump.

Um eine Papiermaschine der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 6 angegebenen Art derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass ein besonders effizienter Betrieb der Papiermaschine realisierbar ist, ist erfindungsgemäß wenigstens eine Wärmepumpe zum Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums vorgesehen. Dabei ist das erste Medium von dem Trocknungszylinder abführbar und als Wärmequelle der Wärmepumpe zuführbar. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind als vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Papiermaschine anzusehen und umgekehrt.In order to develop a paper machine specified in the preamble of claim 6 species such that a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine can be realized, at least one heat pump for heating the second medium is provided according to the invention. In this case, the first medium can be discharged from the drying cylinder and supplied as a heat source to the heat pump. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the paper machine according to the invention and vice versa.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Die vorstehend in der Beschreibung genannten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sowie die nachfolgend in der Figurenbeschreibung genannten und/oder in der einzigen Figur alleine gezeigten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the drawing. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the single figure are usable not only in the respectively indicated combination but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in der einzigen Figur eine schematische Darstellung einer Papiermaschine zum Herstellen von Papier, Karton oder Pappe, wobei wenigstens eine Wärmepumpe zum Erwärmen eines Mediums vorgesehen ist, welches mittels in einem weiteren Medium enthaltener Wärme erwärmt wird.The drawing shows in the single figure a schematic representation of a paper machine for producing paper, cardboard or cardboard, wherein at least one heat pump is provided for heating a medium, which is heated by means contained in a further medium heat.

Die einzige Figur zeigt in einer schematischen Darstellung eine im Ganzen mit 10 bezeichnete Papiermaschine zum Herstellen von Papier, Karton oder Pappe. Die Papiermaschine 10 umfasst wenigstens eine Behältereinrichtung 12, in welcher beispielsweise eine Fasersuspension aufgenommen ist. Aus dieser Fasersuspension wird wenigstens eine Faserstoffbahn 14 hergestellt, aus welcher wiederum das Papier beziehungsweise der Karton oder die Pappe hergestellt wird. Die Faserstoffbahn 14 wird auch als Papierbahn, Bahn oder Zellstoffbahn bezeichnet und ist beispielsweise zunächst als sehr feuchtes Faservlies ausgebildet. Mittels einer im Ganzen mit 16 bezeichneten Fördereinrichtung der Papiermaschine 10 wird die Faserstoffbahn 14 in eine durch einen Richtungspfeil 18 veranschaulichte Förderrichtung gefördert.The single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a paper machine designated as a whole by 10 for producing paper, cardboard or cardboard. The paper machine 10 comprises at least one container device 12, in which, for example, a fiber suspension is received. From this fiber suspension at least one fibrous web 14 is produced, from which in turn the paper or the cardboard or the paperboard is produced. The fibrous web 14 is also referred to as a paper web, web or cellulosic web and is, for example, initially designed as a very moist fiber fleece. By means of a generally designated 16 conveyor of the paper machine 10, the fibrous web 14 is conveyed in an illustrated by a directional arrow 18 conveying direction.

Die Papiermaschine 10 weist einen im Ganzen mit 20 bezeichneten Trocknungsbereich auf, durch welchen die Faserstoffbahn 14 mittels der Fördereinrichtung 16 hindurch gefördert wird. In dem Trocknungsbereich 20 wird die Faserstoffbahn 14 getrocknet. Darunter ist zu verstehen, dass die Faserstoffbahn 14, welche zunächst einen sehr hohen Feuchtegehalt aufweist, entfeuchtet wird, um dadurch den Feuchtegehalt der Faserstoffbahn 14 zu reduzieren. Insbesondere wird durch das Trocknen der Faserstoffbahn 14 ein gewünschter Feuchtegehalt eingestellt. Zum Trocknen der Faserstoffbahn 14 wird diese in dem Trocknungsbereich 20 erwärmt, wodurch Feuchtigkeit, die zunächst in der Faserstoffbahn 14 enthalten ist, zumindest teilweise aus der Faserstoffbahn 14 entfernt wird.The paper machine 10 has a total of 20 denoted drying area through which the fibrous web 14 is conveyed by means of the conveyor 16 therethrough. In the drying area 20, the fibrous web 14 is dried. By this is meant that the fibrous web 14, which initially has a very high moisture content, is dehumidified, thereby reducing the moisture content of the fibrous web 14. In particular, a desired moisture content is set by drying the fibrous web 14. For drying the fibrous web 14, this is in heated to the drying region 20, whereby moisture, which is initially contained in the fibrous web 14, at least partially removed from the fibrous web 14.

Hierzu ist in dem Trocknungsbereich 20 wenigstens ein Trocknungszylinder 26 angeordnet. Der Trocknungsbereich 20 umfasst dabei einen ersten Teilbereich 22 und einen zweiten Teilbereich 24, welcher sich bezogen auf die Förderrichtung an den ersten Teilbereich 22 anschließt. Dabei ist in dem ersten Teilbereich 22 eine Mehrzahl von Trocknungszylindern 26 angeordnet, mittels welchen die Faserstoffbahn 14 getrocknet wird. Hierzu läuft die Faserstoffbahn 14 über die Trocknungszylinder 26. Die Faserstoffbahn 14 wird beispielsweise auf einer gas- beziehungsweise dampfdurchlässigen Matte, insbesondere durch den Trocknungsbereich 20, gefördert, wobei die Faserstoffbahn 14 über die Matte um den jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 geführt und über die Matte an dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 abgestützt wird. Dies bedeutet, dass die Matte zwischen der Faserstoffbahn 14 und dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 angeordnet ist.For this purpose, at least one drying cylinder 26 is arranged in the drying area 20. The drying area 20 comprises a first partial area 22 and a second partial area 24, which adjoins the first partial area 22 with respect to the conveying direction. In this case, a plurality of drying cylinders 26 is arranged in the first portion 22, by means of which the fibrous web 14 is dried. For this purpose, the fibrous web 14 passes over the drying cylinder 26. The fibrous web 14 is conveyed for example on a gas or vapor-permeable mat, in particular by the drying area 20, wherein the fibrous web 14 guided over the mat around the respective drying cylinder 26 and the mat on the respective drying cylinder 26 is supported. This means that the mat is arranged between the fibrous web 14 and the respective drying cylinder 26.

Wie im Folgenden noch genauer erläutert wird, wird den Trocknungszylindern 26 ein erstes Medium in Form von Dampf zugeführt. Der jeweilige Trocknungszylinder 26 weist eine außenumfangsseitige Mantelfläche auf, an welcher die Faserstoffbahn 14, insbesondere unter Vermittlung der Matte, abgestützt wird. Die jeweilige, außenumfangsseitige Mantelfläche weist wenigstens eine Durchgangsöffnung auf. Insbesondere weist die jeweilige, außenumfangsseitige Mantelfläche eine Mehrzahl von Durchgangsöffnungen auf. Das erste Medium, das dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 zugeführt und dabei in den jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 eingeleitet wird, kann die jeweilige Durchgangsöffnung durchströmen, sodass das erste Medium in Form von Luft oder Dampf über die jeweilige Durchgangsöffnung aus dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 ausströmen kann.As will be explained in more detail below, the drying cylinders 26 are supplied with a first medium in the form of steam. The respective drying cylinder 26 has an outer circumferential side surface, on which the fibrous web 14, in particular under the mediation of the mat, is supported. The respective outer circumferential side surface has at least one passage opening. In particular, the respective outer circumferential side surface has a plurality of passage openings. The first medium, which is fed to the respective drying cylinder 26 and thereby introduced into the respective drying cylinder 26, can flow through the respective passage opening, so that the first medium in the form of air or steam can flow out of the respective drying cylinder 26 via the respective passage opening.

Das erste Medium kann dann durch die Matte und insbesondere durch die Faserstoffbahn 14 strömen, wodurch diese getrocknet beziehungsweise entfeuchtet wird.The first medium can then flow through the mat and in particular through the fibrous web 14, whereby it is dried or dehumidified.

Im zweiten Teilbereich 24 ist wenigstens ein Glättungszylinder 28 der Papiermaschine 10 angeordnet. Der Glättungszylinder 28 ist somit Teil des zweiten Teilbereichs 24 und somit des Trocknungsbereichs 20 insgesamt, wobei sich der Glättungszylinder 28 bezogen auf die Förderrichtung an die Trocknungszylinder 26 anschließt. Die Faserstoffbahn 14 verläuft während ihres Verlaufs durch den Trocknungsbereich 20 auch über den Glättungszylinder 28, sodass die Faserstoffbahn 14 den Glättungszylinder 28 beispielsweise berührt. Dabei ist es möglich, dass der Glättungszylinder 28 - wie im Folgenden noch erläutert wird - erwärmt beziehungsweise beheizt wird, sodass ein Wärmeübergang von dem Glättungszylinder 28 an die, insbesondere den Glättungszylinder 28 berührende, Faserstoffbahn 14 erfolgen kann.In the second subregion 24, at least one smoothing cylinder 28 of the paper machine 10 is arranged. The smoothing cylinder 28 is thus part of the second portion 24 and thus of the drying area 20 in total, wherein the smoothing cylinder 28 with respect to the conveying direction of the drying cylinder 26 connects. The fibrous web 14 also passes over the smoothing cylinder 28 during its course through the drying region 20, so that the fibrous web 14 touches the smoothing cylinder 28, for example. It is possible that the smoothing cylinder 28 - as will be explained below - is heated or heated, so that a heat transfer from the smoothing cylinder 28 to the, in particular the smoothing cylinder 28 touching, fibrous web 14 can take place.

Der Glättungszylinder 28 ist beispielsweise ein Hochpräzisions-Trockenzylinder und wird auch als MG-Zylinder bezeichnet. Dabei bedeutet MG "Machine Glazed" und bezeichnet "einseitigglatt". Mittels des MG-Zylinders ist somit beispielsweise einseitigglattes Papier herstellbar. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Papiersorte, welche eine besonders hohe Festigkeit aufweist. Hierzu weist der Glättungszylinder 28 beispielsweise einen sehr großen Durchmesser auf, wobei die Faserstoffbahn 14 den Glättungszylinder 28 eine besonders lange Zeit berührt. Durch die sehr lange Verweilzeit wenigstens einer Seite der Faserstoffbahn 14 auf einer außenumfangsseitigen Mantelfläche des Glättungszylinders 28 kann eine besonders vorteilhafte Glätte der Faserstoffbahn 14 auf einer dem Glättungszylinder 28 zugewandten und insbesondere den Glättungszylinder 28 berührenden Seite erzeugt werden. Dies bedeutet, dass die Faserstoffbahn 14 mittels des Glättungszylinders 28 auf wenigstens einer Seite der Faserstoffbahn 14 geglättet wird, wobei diese Seite dem Glättungszylinder 28 zugewandt ist.The smoothing cylinder 28 is, for example, a high-precision drying cylinder and is also referred to as a MG cylinder. MG means "Machine Glazed" and means "one-sided smooth". By means of the MG cylinder thus, for example, one-sided smooth paper can be produced. This is a type of paper which has a particularly high strength. For this purpose, the smoothing cylinder 28 has, for example, a very large diameter, wherein the fibrous web 14 touches the smoothing cylinder 28 for a particularly long time. Due to the very long residence time of at least one side of the fibrous web 14 on an outer peripheral side surface of the smoothing cylinder 28, a particularly advantageous smoothness of the fibrous web 14 on a smoothing cylinder 28 facing and in particular the smoothing cylinder 28 touching side can be generated. This means that the fibrous web 14 is smoothed by means of the smoothing cylinder 28 on at least one side of the fibrous web 14, this side facing the smoothing cylinder 28.

In der Figur ist durch einen Richtungspfeil 30 die Zuführung des ersten Mediums zu dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 veranschaulicht. Bei dem ersten Medium handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Dampf beziehungsweise Luft, der beziehungsweise die dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 mit einer ersten Temperatur T1 zugeführt wird, sodass der Dampf beziehungsweise die Luft (erstes Medium) mit der Temperatur T1 in den jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder einströmt. Das erste Medium ist somit Trocknungsluft zum Trocknen der Faserstoffbahn 14.In the figure, by a directional arrow 30, the supply of the first medium to the respective drying cylinder 26 is illustrated. The first medium is preferably vapor or air which is supplied to the respective drying cylinder 26 at a first temperature T1, so that the steam or the air (first medium) at the temperature T1 flows into the respective drying cylinder. The first medium is thus drying air for drying the fibrous web 14.

Ferner wird dem Glättungszylinder 28 ein zweites Medium zugeführt, dessen Strömung in der Figur durch einen Richtungspfeil 32 veranschaulicht ist. Mittels dieses zweiten Mediums wird der Glättungszylinder 28 erwärmt beziehungsweise beheizt. Beispielsweise wird dem Glättungszylinder 28 das zweite Medium mit einer zweiten Temperatur T2 zugeführt. Die zweite Temperatur T2 beträgt beispielsweise 250 Grad Celsius. Insbesondere wird dem Glättungszylinder 28 das zweite Medium dampfförmig beziehungsweise gasförmig zugeführt.Further, the smoothing cylinder 28, a second medium is supplied, the flow is illustrated in the figure by a direction arrow 32. By means of this second medium of the smoothing cylinder 28 is heated or heated. For example, the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the second medium having a second temperature T2. The second temperature T2 is for example 250 degrees Celsius. In particular, the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the second medium in vapor or gaseous form.

Um nun einen besonders effizienten Betrieb der Papiermaschine 10 realisieren zu können, umfasst die Papiermaschine 10 eine im Ganzen mit 34 bezeichnete Wärmepumpe. Dabei wird das erste Medium von dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 abgeführt, insbesondere ausgeleitet, und als Wärmequelle der Wärmepumpe 34 zugeführt. In der Figur veranschaulicht dabei ein Richtungspfeil 36 eine Strömung der Wärmequelle (erstes Medium) von den Trocknungszylindern 26 zu der Wärmepumpe 34. Mittels der Wärmepumpe 34 wird das zweite Medium erwärmt. Zum Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums wird Wärme aus dem der Wärmepumpe 34 zugeführten ersten Medium genutzt, sodass zumindest ein Teil der im ersten Medium enthaltenen Wärme von dem ersten Medium über die Wärmepumpe 34 an das zweiten Medium übertragen wird. Mit anderen Worten, die Wärmequelle, das heißt das erste Medium, enthält Wärme, welche zumindest zum Teil von der Wärmepumpe 34 genutzt wird, um das zweite Medium zu erwärmen.In order to be able to realize a particularly efficient operation of the paper machine 10, the paper machine 10 comprises a heat pump designated as a whole by 34. In this case, the first medium is discharged from the respective drying cylinder 26, in particular discharged, and supplied as a heat source of the heat pump 34. In the figure, a directional arrow 36 illustrates a flow of the heat source (first medium) from the drying cylinders 26 to the heat pump 34. By means of the heat pump 34, the second medium is heated. For heating the second medium, heat is used from the first medium supplied to the heat pump 34, so that at least part of the heat contained in the first medium is transferred from the first medium via the heat pump 34 to the second medium. In other words, the heat source, that is, the first medium, contains heat that is at least partially utilized by the heat pump 34 to heat the second medium.

Das erste Medium strömt in einem ersten Aggregatszustand in den jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26. Mit anderen Worten wird dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 das erste Medium in dem ersten Aggregatszustand zugeführt. Der erste Aggregatszustand ist vorzugsweise gasig, sodass das erste Medium Dampf beziehungsweise Luft, das heißt ein Gas ist.The first medium flows in a first state of aggregation in the respective drying cylinder 26. In other words, the respective drying cylinder 26, the first medium is supplied in the first state of aggregation. The first state of aggregation is preferably gaseous, so that the first medium is steam or air, that is to say a gas.

Ferner ist es vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass das erste Medium der Wärmepumpe 34 in einem zweiten Aggregatszustand zugeführt wird, wobei der zweite Aggregatszustand dem ersten Aggregatszustand entsprechen kann. Dies bedeutet, dass das erste Medium beispielsweise dampfförmig der Wärmepumpe 34 zugeführt wird. Aus der Figur ist erkennbar, dass das erste Medium der Wärmepumpe 34 mit einer dritten Temperatur T3 zugeführt wird, wobei diese dritte Temperatur T3 beispielsweise 150 Grad Celsius beträgt. Dabei kann die dritte Temperatur T3 geringer als die erste Temperatur T1 sein.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the first medium of the heat pump 34 is supplied in a second state of aggregation, wherein the second state of aggregation may correspond to the first state of aggregation. This means that the first medium is supplied, for example, in vapor form to the heat pump 34. From the figure it can be seen that the first medium of the heat pump 34 is supplied with a third temperature T3, wherein this third temperature T3, for example, 150 degrees Celsius. In this case, the third temperature T3 may be lower than the first temperature T1.

In dem ersten Teilbereich 22 ist eine Haube 38 angeordnet, welche zumindest teilweise einen Aufnahmeraum oder eine Kammer begrenzt. Das über die Durchgangsöffnungen aus den Trocknungszylindern 26 ausströmende, erste Medium (Dampf) kann sich in dem Aufnahmeraum sammeln und von dem Aufnahmeraum zu der Wärmepumpe 34 geführt werden.In the first portion 22, a hood 38 is arranged, which at least partially defines a receiving space or a chamber. The first medium (vapor) flowing out of the drying cylinders via the passage openings can collect in the receiving space and be led from the receiving space to the heat pump.

Das erste Medium, welches über die jeweilige Durchgangsöffnung aus dem jeweiligen Trocknungszylinder 26 ausströmt, sammelt sich in der genannten Kammer und kann aus der Kammer abgeführt werden. Das aus der Kammer abgeführte erste Medium wird dann mit der dritten Temperatur T3 der Wärmepumpe 34 zugeführt, wie dies in der Figur durch den Richtungspfeil 36 veranschaulicht ist.The first medium, which flows out of the respective drying cylinder 26 via the respective passage opening, collects in said chamber and can be removed from the chamber. The discharged from the chamber first medium is then supplied to the third temperature T3 of the heat pump 34, as illustrated in the figure by the directional arrow 36.

In der Figur ist durch einen Richtungspfeil 40 veranschaulicht, dass der Wärmepumpe 34 das zweite Medium mit einer vierten Temperatur T4 zugeführt wird. Die vierte Temperatur beträgt beispielsweise 230 Grad Celsius. Die zweite Temperatur T2 beträgt beispielsweise 250 Grad Celsius. Somit ist die vierte Temperatur T4 geringer als die zweite Temperatur und größer als die dritte Temperatur T3.In the figure, it is illustrated by a directional arrow 40 that the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium at a fourth temperature T4. The fourth temperature is for example 230 degrees Celsius. The second temperature T2 is for example 250 degrees Celsius. Thus, the fourth temperature T4 lower than the second temperature and greater than the third temperature T3.

Das mittels der Wärmepumpe 34 auf die Temperatur T2 zu erwärmende zweite Medium weist somit stromauf der Wärmepumpe eine höhere Temperatur auf als das erste Medium stromauf der Wärmepumpe 34. Somit besteht eigentlich ein Temperaturgefälle von dem zweiten Medium in Richtung des ersten Mediums, sodass grundsätzlich ein Wärmeübergang von dem zweiten Medium an das erste Medium stattfinden würde. Dies ist jedoch nicht gewünscht, da dann das zweite Medium, welches erwärmt werden soll, abgekühlt wird. Daher kommt die Wärmepumpe 34 zum Einsatz, mittels welcher Wärme aus dem ersten Medium, das kälter als das zu beheizende zweite Medium ist, abgeführt und dem zweiten Medium zugeführt wird.The second medium to be heated to the temperature T2 by means of the heat pump 34 thus has a higher temperature upstream of the heat pump than the first medium upstream of the heat pump 34. Thus, there is actually a temperature gradient of the second medium in the direction of the first medium, so that in principle a heat transfer from the second medium to the first medium. However, this is not desirable because then the second medium to be heated is cooled. Therefore, the heat pump 34 is used, by means of which heat from the first medium, which is colder than the second medium to be heated, removed and fed to the second medium.

Die zweite Temperatur T2 ist dabei größer als die erste Temperatur T1. Dies ist der Fall, da der Glättungszylinder 28 eine höhere Temperatur erfordert beziehungsweise aufweisen muss als die übrigen Trocknungszylinder 26.The second temperature T2 is greater than the first temperature T1. This is the case because the smoothing cylinder 28 requires or has to have a higher temperature than the remaining drying cylinders 26.

Beispielsweise wird der Wärmepumpe 34 das zweite Medium in einem dritten Aggregatszustand zugeführt. Ferner ist es denkbar, dass das zweite Medium dem Glättungszylinder 28 in einem vierten Aggregatszustand zugeführt wird. Dabei ist der vierte Aggregatszustand beispielsweise ein vom dritten Aggregatszustand unterschiedlicher Aggregatszustand. Beispielsweise kann der dritte Aggregatszustand flüssig sein, sodass der Wärmepumpe 34 das zweite Medium als Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, zugeführt wird. Beispielsweise ist der vierte Aggregatszustand gasförmig, sodass dem Glättungszylinder 28 das zweite Medium beispielsweise als Gas beziehungsweise Dampf zugeführt wird.For example, the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium in a third state of aggregation. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the second medium is supplied to the smoothing cylinder 28 in a fourth state of aggregation. In this case, the fourth state of aggregation is, for example, a different state of aggregation from the third state of aggregation. For example, the third state of aggregation may be liquid, so that the heat pump 34 is supplied with the second medium as a liquid, in particular water. For example, the fourth state of aggregation is gaseous, so that the smoothing cylinder 28 is supplied with the second medium, for example, as gas or vapor.

Durch das Beheizen des Glättungszylinders 28 kühlt das zweite Medium ab, wodurch das zweite Medium, insbesondere in dem Glättungszylinder 28, beispielsweise kondensiert. Durch dieses Kondensieren des zweiten Mediums entsteht Kondensat, das heißt eine Flüssigkeit insbesondere in Form von Wasser. Beispielsweise wird das Kondensat der Wärmepumpe 34 mit der Temperatur T4 zugeführt, was in der Figur durch den Richtungspfeil 40 veranschaulicht ist. Mittels der Wärmepumpe wird dann das Kondensat erwärmt, wodurch das Kondensat verdampft wird. Dann kann das zweite Medium in gasförmigem Zustand dem Glättungszylinder 28 zugeführt werden.By heating the smoothing cylinder 28, the second medium cools down, as a result of which the second medium, in particular in the smoothing cylinder 28, condenses, for example. This condensing of the second medium creates condensate, the is a liquid, especially in the form of water. For example, the condensate is supplied to the heat pump 34 at the temperature T4, which is illustrated in the figure by the directional arrow 40. By means of the heat pump, the condensate is then heated, whereby the condensate is evaporated. Then, the second medium in the gaseous state can be supplied to the smoothing cylinder 28.

In der in der Figur gezeigten Ausführungsform ist die Wärmepumpe 34 als Kompressionswärmepumpe, insbesondere als elektrische Kompressionswärmepumpe, ausgebildet. Die Wärmepumpe 34 umfasst beispielsweise einen Kreislauf 42, welcher von einem Arbeitsmedium der Wärmepumpe 34 durchströmbar ist. In diesem Kreislauf 42 ist ein erster Wärmetauscher 44 der Wärmepumpe 34 angeordnet. Dies bedeutet, dass der erste Wärmetauscher 44 von dem Arbeitsmedium durchströmbar ist. Der erste Wärmetauscher 44 wird auch als kalter Wärmetauscher bezeichnet. Ferner umfasst die Wärmepumpe 34 einen zweiten Wärmetauscher 46, welcher in dem Kreislauf 42 angeordnet und demzufolge von dem Arbeitsmedium durchströmbar ist. Der zweite Wärmetauscher 46 wird auch als warmer oder heißer Wärmetauscher bezeichnet.In the embodiment shown in the figure, the heat pump 34 is designed as a compression heat pump, in particular as an electric compression heat pump. The heat pump 34 comprises, for example, a circuit 42, which can be flowed through by a working medium of the heat pump 34. In this circuit 42, a first heat exchanger 44 of the heat pump 34 is arranged. This means that the first heat exchanger 44 can be flowed through by the working medium. The first heat exchanger 44 is also referred to as a cold heat exchanger. Furthermore, the heat pump 34 comprises a second heat exchanger 46, which is arranged in the circuit 42 and consequently can be flowed through by the working medium. The second heat exchanger 46 is also referred to as a warm or hot heat exchanger.

Dem Wärmetauscher 44 wird nicht nur das Arbeitsmedium, sondern auch das erste Medium, insbesondere mit der dritten Temperatur T3, zugeführt. Somit ist der Wärmetauscher 44 von dem Arbeitsmedium und dem ersten Medium durchströmbar. Hierbei erfolgt über den Wärmetauscher 44 beispielsweise ein Wärmeübergang von dem ersten Medium an das Arbeitsmedium, wodurch das Arbeitsmedium erwärmt und das erste Medium gekühlt wird. Dem Wärmetauscher 44 wird das erste Medium beispielsweise mit einer fünften Temperatur T5 abgeführt, wobei diese fünfte Temperatur T5 beispielsweise 135 Grad Celsius beträgt. Somit ist die fünfte Temperatur T5 kleiner als die dritte Temperatur T3. Durch den Wärmeübergang wird das erste Medium somit von der Temperatur T3 auf die Temperatur T5 gekühlt.Not only the working medium, but also the first medium, in particular at the third temperature T3, are fed to the heat exchanger 44. Thus, the heat exchanger 44 can be flowed through by the working medium and the first medium. Here, via the heat exchanger 44, for example, a heat transfer from the first medium to the working medium, whereby the working medium is heated and the first medium is cooled. The heat exchanger 44, the first medium is discharged, for example, with a fifth temperature T5, said fifth temperature T5, for example, 135 degrees Celsius. Thus, the fifth temperature T5 is smaller than the third temperature T3. Due to the heat transfer, the first medium is thus cooled from the temperature T3 to the temperature T5.

Der Wärmetauscher 46 ist von dem Arbeitsmedium durchströmbar. Ferner kann vorgesehen sein, dass dem Wärmetauscher 46 das zweite Medium zugeführt wird, sodass der Wärmetauscher 46 von dem Arbeitsmedium und dem zweiten Medium, insbesondere dem Kondensat, durchströmbar ist. Hierbei kann über den Wärmetauscher 46 ein Wärmeübergang von dem Arbeitsmedium an das zweite Medium erfolgen, sodass das Arbeitsmedium gekühlt und das zweite Medium erwärmt wird. Insbesondere wird dem Wärmetauscher 46 das zweite Medium mit der vierten Temperatur T4 zugeführt. Durch das Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums wird dieses auf die gegenüber der vierten Temperatur T4 höhere, zweite Temperatur T2 erwärmt. Durch das Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums wird dieses verdampft, sodass das zweite Medium als Dampf dem Glättungszylinder 28 zugeführt werden kann.The heat exchanger 46 can be flowed through by the working medium. Furthermore, it can be provided that the heat exchanger 46, the second medium is supplied, so that the heat exchanger 46 can be flowed through by the working medium and the second medium, in particular the condensate. In this case, a heat transfer from the working medium to the second medium can take place via the heat exchanger 46, so that the working medium is cooled and the second medium is heated. In particular, the second medium with the fourth temperature T4 is supplied to the heat exchanger 46. By heating the second medium, it is heated to the second temperature T2 higher than the fourth temperature T4. By heating the second medium, this is evaporated, so that the second medium can be supplied as a steam to the smoothing cylinder 28.

Ferner ist es beispielsweise vorgesehen, dass bezogen auf eine Strömungsrichtung des Arbeitsmediums durch den Kreislauf 42 stromauf des zweiten Wärmetauschers 46 und dabei insbesondere stromab des ersten Wärmetauschers 44 eine Erwärmung des Arbeitsmediums bewirkt wird. Diese Erwärmung kann beispielsweise durch eine Erwärmungseinrichtung 48 der Wärmepumpe 34 erfolgen. Vorliegend ist die Erwärmungseinrichtung 48 stromab des Wärmetauschers 44 und stromauf des Wärmetauschers 46 angeordnet.Furthermore, it is provided, for example, that with respect to a flow direction of the working medium through the circuit 42 upstream of the second heat exchanger 46 and in particular downstream of the first heat exchanger 44, a heating of the working medium is effected. This heating can be done for example by a heating device 48 of the heat pump 34. In the present case, the heating device 48 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 44 and upstream of the heat exchanger 46.

Bei dieser Erwärmungseinrichtung kann es sich um eine Fluidmaschine, insbesondere eine Strömungsmaschine, handeln, welche beispielsweise als Verdichter ausgebildet ist. Mittels des Verdichters wird das Arbeitsmedium verdichtet und dadurch erwärmt, sodass insbesondere über den Wärmetauscher 46 ein besonders vorteilhafter Wärmübergang von dem Arbeitsmedium an das zweite Medium erfolgen kann. Dadurch kann das zweite Medium besonders gut erwärmt werden.This heating device may be a fluid machine, in particular a turbomachine, which is designed, for example, as a compressor. By means of the compressor, the working medium is compressed and thereby heated, so that in particular via the heat exchanger 46, a particularly advantageous heat transfer from the working medium to the second medium can take place. As a result, the second medium can be heated particularly well.

Der Verdichter ist beispielsweise als elektrischer Verdichter ausgebildet. Der Verdichter umfasst beispielsweise wenigstens ein Verdichterrad, mittels welchem das Arbeitsmedium verdichtet werden kann. Das Verdichterrad ist beispielsweise über eine Welle von einem Motor des Verdichters antreibbar, wobei der Motor als Elektromotor ausgebildet ist. Der Elektromotor wird mit elektrischer Energie beziehungsweise elektrischem Strom versorgt, um über die Welle das Verdichterrad anzutreiben, wodurch das Arbeitsmedium verdichtet wird. Dadurch erfolgt eine Verdichtung und somit Erwärmung des Arbeitsmediums mit Hilfe von elektrischer Energie.The compressor is designed for example as an electric compressor. The compressor comprises, for example, at least one compressor wheel, by means of which the working medium can be compressed. The compressor wheel can be driven for example via a shaft of a motor of the compressor, wherein the motor is designed as an electric motor. The electric motor is supplied with electrical energy or electric current to drive the compressor wheel via the shaft, whereby the working fluid is compressed. This results in a compression and thus heating of the working medium by means of electrical energy.

Der Wärmetauscher 46 ist beispielsweise ein Kondensator, mittels welchem das Arbeitsmedium kondensiert wird. In Strömungsrichtung des Arbeitsmediums durch den Kreislauf 42 ist stromab des Wärmetauschers 46 und insbesondere stromauf des Wärmetauschers 44 eine Expansionseinrichtung 50 angeordnet, mittels welcher das Arbeitsmedium expandiert beziehungsweise entspannt wird. Der Wärmetauscher 44 ist beispielsweise ein Verdampfer, mittels welchem das Arbeitsmedium verdampft wird.The heat exchanger 46 is, for example, a condenser, by means of which the working medium is condensed. In the flow direction of the working medium through the circuit 42, an expansion device 50 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 46 and in particular upstream of the heat exchanger 44, by means of which the working medium is expanded or expanded. The heat exchanger 44 is, for example, an evaporator, by means of which the working medium is evaporated.

Ferner ist es denkbar, dass die Wärmepumpe 34 als thermochemische Wärmepumpe ausgebildet ist. Bei dieser thermochemischen Wärmepumpe wird mittels Wärme, die der Wärmepumpe 34, insbesondere über die Wärmequelle (erstes Medium), zugeführt wird, eine chemische, Wärme aufnehmende und somit endotherme Reaktion bewirkt. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise in einem in der Figur nicht gezeigten, endothermen Reaktor, in welchem Edukte der endothermen Reaktion zu Produkten der endothermen Reaktion reagieren können.Furthermore, it is conceivable that the heat pump 34 is designed as a thermochemical heat pump. In this thermochemical heat pump, by means of heat which is supplied to the heat pump 34, in particular via the heat source (first medium), a chemical, heat-absorbing and thus endothermic reaction is effected. This is done, for example, in an endothermic reactor, not shown in the figure, in which reactants of the endothermic reaction can react to products of the endothermic reaction.

Ferner wird bei der thermochemischen Wärmepumpe Wärme zum Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums mittels einer chemischen, Wärme abgebenden Reaktion, das heißt einer exothermen Reaktion bereitgestellt. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise in einem exothermen Reaktor, in welchem Edukte der exothermen Reaktion in Produkte der exothermen Reaktion reagieren.Further, in the thermochemical heat pump, heat is provided for heating the second medium by means of a chemical, heat-donating reaction, that is, an exothermic reaction. This is done, for example, in an exothermic reactor in which reactants of the exothermic reaction react in products of the exothermic reaction.

Die Wärme, mittels welcher die endotherme chemische Reaktion bewirkt wird, wird der Wärmepumpe 34 beispielsweise von dem ersten Medium zugeführt. Somit wird zumindest ein Teil der im ersten Medium enthaltenen Energie genutzt, um die endotherme chemische Reaktion zu bewirken. In den Produkten dieser endothermen Reaktion kann dann zumindest ein Teil der der Wärmepumpe zugeführten Wärme zum Bewirken der endothermen Reaktion gespeichert werden. Mit anderen Worten kann in den Produkten der endothermen Reaktion zumindest ein Teil der in dem ersten Medium enthaltenen Energie beziehungsweise Wärme gespeichert werden.The heat, by means of which the endothermic chemical reaction is effected, is supplied to the heat pump 34, for example, from the first medium. Thus, at least a portion of the energy contained in the first medium is utilized to effect the endothermic chemical reaction. In the products of this endothermic reaction can then at least a part of the heat pump supplied heat to effect the endothermic reaction can be stored. In other words, at least part of the energy or heat contained in the first medium can be stored in the products of the endothermic reaction.

Die endotherme Reaktion bildet dabei beispielsweise eine Hinreaktion einer chemischen Gleichgewichtsreaktion, wobei die exotherme Reaktion beispielsweise eine Rückreaktion dieser chemischen Gleichgewichtsreaktion sein kann. Die Produkte der endothermen Reaktion sind somit die Edukte der exothermen Reaktion, wobei die Produkte der exothermen Reaktion die Edukte der endothermen Reaktion sind. Dadurch kann die mit Hilfe der Hinreaktion in den Produkten der Hinreaktion gespeicherte Wärme durch die Rückreaktion, das heißt durch die exotherme Reaktion, freigesetzt werden, sodass zumindest ein Teil der bei der Rückreaktion freigesetzten Wärme zum Erwärmen des zweiten Mediums genutzt werden kann.The endothermic reaction forms, for example, a forward reaction of a chemical equilibrium reaction, wherein the exothermic reaction may be, for example, a reverse reaction of this chemical equilibrium reaction. The products of the endothermic reaction are thus the educts of the exothermic reaction, wherein the products of the exothermic reaction are the starting materials of the endothermic reaction. Thus, the heat stored by the forward reaction in the forward reaction products can be released by the back reaction, that is, by the exothermic reaction, so that at least part of the heat released in the back reaction can be used to heat the second medium.

Ein Vorteil der thermochemischen Wärmepumpe ist, dass diese nicht kontinuierlich arbeiten muss, sondern Wärme kann auf die geschilderte Weise, insbesondere in den Produkten der endothermen Reaktion, besonders gut gespeichert und beispielsweise später wieder freigesetzt und somit verwendet werden.An advantage of the thermochemical heat pump is that it does not have to work continuously, but heat can be stored in the manner described, in particular in the products of the endothermic reaction, particularly well and, for example later released again and thus used.

Die Wärme zum Bewirken der endothermen chemischen Reaktion wird der Wärmepumpe 34 beispielsweise derart zugeführt, dass - insbesondere in dem endothermen Reaktor - ein Wärmeübergang von dem ersten Medium an die Edukte der Hinreaktion erfolgt. Dies kann über einen Wärmetauscher beziehungsweise über einen großen Wärmeübergangsbereich erfolgen. Insbesondere ist es vorgesehen, dass das erste Medium die Edukte nicht direkt berührt sondern räumlich von diesen getrennt ist. Alternativ ist es denkbar, dass das erste Medium die Edukte direkt berührt, dass heißt anströmt beziehungsweise umströmt. Beispielsweise wird dem endothermen Reaktor das erste Medium zugeführt.The heat for effecting the endothermic chemical reaction is supplied to the heat pump 34, for example, in such a way that-in particular in the endothermic reactor-there is heat transfer from the first medium to the starting reaction starting materials. This can be done via a heat exchanger or over a large heat transfer area. In particular, it is provided that the first medium does not directly touch the educts but is spatially separated from them. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the first medium directly touches the educts, that is, flows against or flows around. For example, the first medium is supplied to the endothermic reactor.

Zum Bewirken beziehungsweise Durchführen der exothermen Reaktion (Rückreaktion) wird beispielsweise ein exothermer Reaktor bereitgestellt, welcher Bestandteil der Wärmepumpe 34 sein kann. Dabei umfasst der exotherme Reaktor beispielsweise einen Wärmetauscher, über welchen zumindest ein Teil der bei der Rückreaktion freigesetzten Wärme an das zweite Medium übergehen kann. Dabei sind die Edukte und/oder Produkte der Rückreaktion beispielsweise räumlich von dem zu beheizenden zweiten Medium getrennt. Alternativ ist es denkbar, dass das zweite Medium die Edukte und/oder Produkte der Rückreaktion direkt berührt, das heißt anströmt beziehungsweise umströmt. Bei der thermochemischen Wärmepumpe entfallen beispielsweise der Kreislauf 42, das Arbeitsmedium, die Erwärmungseinrichtung 48 und die Expansionseinrichtung 50 der Kompressionswärmepumpe.To effect or carry out the exothermic reaction (reverse reaction), for example, an exothermic reactor is provided, which may be part of the heat pump 34. In this case, the exothermic reactor comprises, for example, a heat exchanger, via which at least part of the heat released in the reverse reaction can pass to the second medium. The educts and / or products of the reverse reaction, for example, are spatially separated from the second medium to be heated. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the second medium directly touches the reactants and / or products of the reverse reaction, that is, flows against or flows around. In the case of the thermochemical heat pump, for example, the circuit 42, the working medium, the heating device 48 and the expansion device 50 of the compression heat pump are dispensed with.

Insgesamt ist es bei der Papiermaschine 10 möglich, das zweite Medium und somit den Glättungszylinder 28 besonders effizient zu erwärmen, sodass der Energiebedarf der Papiermaschine 10 besonders gering gehalten werden kann. Das erste Medium ist stromab der Trocknungszylinder 26 Abgas, wobei es sich insbesondere um feuchte Luft handeln kann. Das erste Medium weist beispielsweise einen Massenstrom von 266 Kilogramm pro Sekunde und einen Druck von 1 Bar aufweist. Bei dem zweiten Medium handelt es sich stromauf der Wärmepumpe 34 und stromab des Glättungszylinders 28 vorzugsweise um Wasser. Das zweite Medium weist beispielsweise einen Massenstrom von 1,8 Kilogramm pro Sekunde und einen Druck von 40 bar aufweist. Overall, it is possible in the case of the paper machine 10 to heat the second medium and thus the smoothing cylinder 28 particularly efficiently, so that the energy requirement of the paper machine 10 can be kept particularly low. The first medium downstream of the drying cylinder 26 exhaust gas, which may be in particular humid air. For example, the first medium has a mass flow of 266 kilograms per second and a pressure of 1 bar. The second medium is preferably water upstream of the heat pump 34 and downstream of the smoothing cylinder 28. The second medium has, for example, a mass flow of 1.8 kilograms per second and a pressure of 40 bar.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for operating a paper machine (10) for producing paper, board or paperboard, having a conveying device (16), by means of which at least one fibrous material web (14) produced from a fibrous suspension is conveyed in a conveying direction, having at least one drying region (20), in which the fibrous material web (14) conveyed through the drying region (20) is dried by means of at least one drying cylinder (26), to which a first medium for drying the fibrous material web (14) is supplied, and having at least one smoothing cylinder (28) following the drying cylinder (26) in the conveying direction, by means of which the fibrous material web (14) is smoothed on at least one side, a second medium for heating the smoothing cylinder (28) being supplied to the smoothing cylinder (28), characterized in that the first medium is carried away from the drying cylinder (26) and is supplied as a heat source to a heat pump (34), by means of which the second medium is heated.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the heat pump (34) used is a thermochemical heat pump, in which, by means of heat which is supplied to the heat pump (34), a chemical reaction absorbing heat is effected, wherein heat for heating the second medium is provided by means of a chemical reaction discharging heat.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the heat pump (34) comprises a working medium that is different from the media, which is compressed by means of at least one compressor (48) and expanded by means of at least one expansion device (50).
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat pump (34) comprises at least one heat exchanger (44) for effecting a transfer of heat from the first medium to a further medium that is different therefrom.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat pump (34) comprises at least one heat exchanger (46) for effecting a transfer of heat from a medium that is different from the second medium to the second medium.
  6. Paper machine (10) for producing paper, board or paperboard, having a conveying device (12) for conveying at least one fibrous material web (14) produced from a fibrous suspension in a conveying direction, having at least one drying region (20) with at least one drying cylinder (26), in which the fibrous material web (14) to be conveyed through the drying region (20) is to be dried by means of the drying cylinder (26), where a first medium for drying the fibrous material web (14) can be supplied to the drying cylinder (26), and having at least one smoothing cylinder (28) following the drying cylinder (26) in the conveying direction, by means of which the fibrous material web (14) is to be smoothed on at least one side, where a second medium for heating the smoothing cylinder (28) can be supplied to the smoothing cylinder (28), characterized in that at least one heat pump (34) for heating the second medium is provided, wherein the first medium can be carried away from the drying cylinder (26) and supplied as a heat source to the heat pump (34).
EP16774905.0A 2015-10-07 2016-09-26 Method for operating a paper machine, and paper machine Active EP3359732B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015219379.9A DE102015219379A1 (en) 2015-10-07 2015-10-07 Method for operating a paper machine and paper machine
PCT/EP2016/072834 WO2017060110A1 (en) 2015-10-07 2016-09-26 Method for operating a paper machine, and paper machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3359732A1 EP3359732A1 (en) 2018-08-15
EP3359732B1 true EP3359732B1 (en) 2019-05-22

Family

ID=57044933

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16774905.0A Active EP3359732B1 (en) 2015-10-07 2016-09-26 Method for operating a paper machine, and paper machine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3359732B1 (en)
CN (1) CN108138442B (en)
BR (1) BR112018007014B8 (en)
DE (1) DE102015219379A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2743078T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2017060110A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023120410A1 (en) 2022-08-02 2024-02-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Method and device for the production and/or treatment of a fibrous web in a paper machine with a heat pump
DE102022119307A1 (en) 2022-08-02 2024-02-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Paper mill and process for controlling high-temperature media for the production or treatment of a fibrous web
DE102022124572A1 (en) 2022-09-23 2024-03-28 Voith Patent Gmbh Machine and method for its operation for the production or treatment of a fibrous web with a heat pump

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB339370A (en) * 1929-09-13 1930-12-11 John Wylie Grant Improvements relating to paper making machines
GB883891A (en) * 1958-08-30 1961-12-06 Spooner Dryer & Eng Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to treatment of materials, such as the drying of paper
CH608289A5 (en) * 1976-06-15 1978-12-29 Escher Wyss Gmbh Drying apparatus, in particular for paper machines
DE3612907A1 (en) * 1986-04-17 1987-11-12 Thermo Consulting Heidelberg PLANT FOR RECOVERY OF WASTE HEAT CONTAINED IN THE EXHAUST OF DRYERS FROM PAPER MACHINES
DE102009000753A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2010-08-12 Voith Patent Gmbh Method and device for drying a fibrous web
DE102009001874A1 (en) * 2009-03-26 2010-09-30 Voith Patent Gmbh Excess heat energy i.e. steam, recovering system for e.g. paper manufacturing plant, has storage device for temporary storage of excess heat energy, and energy consumers i.e. thermo electric generators, assigned to storage device
CN102392383A (en) * 2011-10-31 2012-03-28 李永华 Steam condensate heat pump system based on tail gas flow rate detection
DE102014205381A1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2015-09-24 Voith Patent Gmbh Machine for producing a fibrous web

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112018007014B8 (en) 2023-04-25
EP3359732A1 (en) 2018-08-15
DE102015219379A1 (en) 2017-04-13
ES2743078T3 (en) 2020-02-18
BR112018007014A2 (en) 2018-10-16
CN108138442B (en) 2020-10-20
CN108138442A (en) 2018-06-08
BR112018007014B1 (en) 2022-06-28
WO2017060110A1 (en) 2017-04-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2085514B1 (en) Waste heat usage in the drying section of paper machines
EP2396468B1 (en) Method and device for drying a fibrous web
EP3359732B1 (en) Method for operating a paper machine, and paper machine
DE3532853A1 (en) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING A PAPER SHEET OR THE LIKE
EP1959053A1 (en) Device for drying a fibrous web
EP3158130B1 (en) Method and apparatus for drying stock and industrial plant
DE102008041860A1 (en) Heating system for treating a fibrous web
WO2016066375A1 (en) Device for dewatering a fiber web
EP3339507B1 (en) Method for operating a heating group subsystem and heating group subsystem
EP3344813B1 (en) Method for operating a paper machine, and paper machine
EP2721211A1 (en) Method and system for recovering heat for a drying section of a machine for producing a material web
EP4110989B1 (en) Device and method for producing a pulp web
WO2012175461A1 (en) Method and system for recovering heat in a drying section of a machine for producing a material web
DE112008003825T5 (en) Pressing and drying section of a web forming machine
EP1780331A1 (en) Drying assembly
WO2011085848A1 (en) Device for drying a fibrous web
DE102007051165A1 (en) Paper machine, has drying device provided in dry end for paper web, where energy from exhaust air of drying device is used for heating paper web in heating device that is arranged in wet end
DE2446050C3 (en) Drying section for a paper machine
EP1896655A1 (en) Drying cylinder
DE102011002847A1 (en) Drying device for machine for manufacturing e.g. paper web, has linings guided over partial area of circulation path under formation of double lining zones, and rollers arranged in double lining zones and formed as heatable rollers
DE102007006685A1 (en) Fibrous web e.g. paper, moisturizing method for e.g. calendar, involves cooling guide roller, subjecting part of surrounded region of guide roller with water vapor by steam humidifier, and pressing fibrous web
EP1698727A1 (en) Paper machine
DE102015214489A1 (en) Web forming machine
DE102017123318A1 (en) Heat pump unit, preferably heat pump laundry dryer or heat pump washer dryer
DE202005020882U1 (en) Dewatering and drying station for paper mill, e.g. for carton, paper or tissue paper has nip gap formed by drying cylinder and smoothing drum

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20180406

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20190124

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502016004828

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1136258

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20190522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190922

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190822

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190822

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190823

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2743078

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20200218

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502016004828

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200225

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190930

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190926

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190930

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190926

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 502016004828

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY GLOBAL GMBH & CO. KG, DE

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, 80333 MUENCHEN, DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20200926

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190922

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20160926

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200926

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190522

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: PC

Ref document number: 1136258

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY GLOBAL GMBH & CO. KG, DE

Effective date: 20221018

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230920

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20230926

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20230919

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20230926

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230926

Year of fee payment: 8

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230928

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20231017

Year of fee payment: 8

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: PC2A

Owner name: SIEMENS ENERGY GLOBAL GMBH & CO. KG

Effective date: 20240403