EP3356629A1

EP3356629A1 - Fitting for a sliding door and method for assembling a sliding door

Info

Publication number: EP3356629A1
Application number: EP16777635.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Viktor GEL; Frank Nuttelmann
Original assignee: Hettich Heinze GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Hettich Heinze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2015-09-30
Filing date: 2016-09-28
Publication date: 2018-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 2036-09-28
Also published as: EP3356629B1; DE102015116612A1; TW201712206A; WO2017055340A1; PL3356629T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a fitting for a sliding door (4), comprising a guide rail (3) along which at least one running part (6) can be moved, wherein a sliding door (4) is held on the running part. At least one release lock is provided on the running part (6) for preventing the running part (6) from being released from the guide rail (3). The release lock comprises a push button (8, 8') that is pushed into a securing position, which projects beyond the running part (6), by the force of a force accumulator (10) and can be moved into an engaged position against the force of the force accumulator (10) for releasing purposes. The invention further relates to a method for assembling a sliding door (4) on a guide rail (3).

Description

Fitting for a sliding door and method for mounting a sliding door

The present invention relates to a fitting for a sliding door, with a guide rail, along which at least one running part is movable, on which a sliding door is held, being provided on the running part at least one safety catch to prevent unhooking of the running part of the guide rail, and a Method for mounting a sliding door on a guide rail.

EP 1 388 631 discloses a roller carrier for sliding doors, in which a molded part is displaceably mounted on a central web of a supporting part in order to engage in a web of a guide rail in a first position and to form a safety catch. In a mounting position, the safety catch is released and the sliding door can be raised. Such a sliding safety catch has proven itself, but U-shaped support are used in particular for moving front sliding doors. For storage of rear sliding doors no U-shaped support with a corresponding center bar exist.

In WO 2012/049235 A1, a fitting for a sliding door is disclosed, in which on a roller carrier a safety catch is provided, which engages in the locked position of the rail on a track. The suspension fuse can be designed as a pivotable lever. The user must pivot the lever from a locking position to an assembly position, which requires at least some assembly knowledge.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fitting for a sliding door, which has a particularly compact trained safety catch and an easy-to-use safety catch. In addition, a method for mounting a sliding door with simple steps should be feasible. This object is achieved with a fitting for a sliding door with the features of claim 1 and with a method for assembling a sliding door with the features of claim 12. The safety catch according to the invention comprises a push button, which is pressed by the force of an energy storage in a protruding relative to the running part securing position and is movable to unhook against the force of the energy storage in an engaged position. As a result, the safety catch is particularly compact and can be easily operated. For assembly or disassembly of the push button can be easily engaged to allow a hanging of the running part to the guide rail. Even for inexperienced users thus the assembly or disassembly is facilitated.

Preferably, a roller is rotatably mounted on the running part, and the push button is arranged approximately horizontally in the region below the roller with horizontally oriented guide rails. The push button engages under the guide rail at least partially. As a result, a particularly good power transmission takes place when the safety catch is arranged in this arrangement under the roller, so that the sliding door can only be raised slightly up to the stop against the push button without causing the leadership of the roller on the guide rail disengaged. For disassembly, it is instantly recognizable that the push button prevents it from hanging off and the user can then depress the push button to release the safety catch. Likewise, an application of such a push button even with vertically oriented guide rails is conceivable. Here are preferably the longitudinal axes of the roller and the push button approximately in a horizontal plane.

The push button can be latched in an engaged position for easy disassembly. This simplifies the disassembly, wherein for a desired securing position of the push button is either manually disengaged after assembly in the disengaged position or previously, so that automatically automatically engages the guide rail during assembly automatically and thus automatically adjusted to the backup position. Depending on the design of the guide rail, bevels on one end side of the push button can advantageously assist or make possible the automatic adjustment into the securing position during the assembly process.

When mounting a sliding door with a running part on a convexly shaped track of the guide rail must have at least one side edge, facing away from the sliding door, on the concave running surface of the roller be formed or otherwise arranged to prevent accidental displacement across the sliding direction of the sliding door. When mounting a sliding door with a running part on a concave track of the guide rail, however, designed with a convex tread roller must be inserted behind a side edge of the guide rail, which faces the sliding door.

Depending on the design of the guide part, which guides the sliding door transversely to the sliding direction and is arranged in the region of the opposite end face of the sliding door, the rollers can be inserted in a horizontally oriented guide rail in two ways.

In the case of rigid guide parts, which were mounted on the sliding door before the assembly process, the sliding door is advantageously first inserted by lifting with the guide part into the guide rail provided for this purpose. Subsequently, the opposite side of the sliding door is pivoted so far in a direction transverse to the sliding direction of the sliding door until the roller is located directly above the other guide rail and can be placed on this. When the caster has found the final position on the guide rail, the push button, as already mentioned, moves either manually or automatically to the disengaged securing position. Advantageously, constructive characteristics, such as bevels and / or flats can be formed on the push button, which support the temporary engagement and the automatic retraction of the push button when passing on the guide rail during assembly. At least one projection prevents unwanted engagement of the push button in the detent position.

When using movable, for example, pivotable or tiltable guide parts, the assembly process takes place such that the

Moving part of the sliding door advantageously first positioned over the guide rail and placed. Again, as described above, the push button again moves to the disengaged securing position. Subsequently, the opposite side of the sliding door is pivoted in a direction transverse to the sliding direction of the sliding door until the sliding door has found its vertical position. The guide part can now be moved into the guide rail. Again, bevels and / or flats on the push button again the temporary engagement and the automatic return movement of the push button when passing on the guide rail during assembly und terstützen. At least one projection in turn prevents accidental engagement of the push button in the detent position.

A stop may be provided on the pushbutton which limits the maximum securing position. As a result, an exact positioning of the push button is guaranteed even after installation in the securing position, where the previously explained bevels can no longer come into engagement with the guide rail and thus an automatic retraction of the push button is no longer possible. The push button can be guided on a housing which is fixed to the running part, wherein for easy mounting the housing can be latched to the running part. Other attachment mechanisms can of course be used.

The push button can preferably be latched in the engaged position via a latching mechanism, wherein the latching mechanism has a pivot pin with a plurality of guide cams. As a result, the push button can be easily operated in the manner of a locking mechanism.

For a particularly compact design, the energy accumulator may be formed as a compression spring which is at least partially positioned within the push button or a component arranged in the push button.

Further, the running part may include at least one attachment portion abutting the sliding door and a protruding portion where the roller and the push button are provided. Then, the housing may be fixed to guide the push button in a U-shaped channel of the running part, so that only a minimal space is needed and the running part is also made stiffer by the shape design. When used on flat running parts, the sliding door can be provided with a recess or franking at the point where the hanging protection according to the invention is arranged, in which the safety catch can be arranged.

In the inventive method for mounting a sliding door on a guide rail, at least one fixed to the sliding door running part can be hung on a track of the guide rail, wherein a biased by a power storage push button is temporarily engaged when hanging and then below the track of the guide rail automatically in a protruding securing position adjusted. As a result, the sliding door can be easily installed without deeper installation knowledge. animals, which can not be accidentally forgotten by disengaging the push button in a secure position before mounting an activation of the safety catch after assembly. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to several embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it :

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a piece of furniture with a fitting according to the invention for a sliding door;

Figures 2A and 2B show two views of the fitting for a rear sliding door with a push button to the safety catch according to the invention in different positions; Figures 3A to 3D show several views of the fitting for the sliding door prior to attachment to the sliding door;

Figures 4A to 4C show several views of the push button of the fitting; Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the push button for the fitting;

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a push button for a fitting according to a modified embodiment;

FIGS. 7A to 7D show several views of a sliding door fitting according to the invention during assembly; FIGS. 8A to 8D show several views of a sliding door fitting according to the invention during assembly;

FIGS. 9A to 9D show several views of a modified sliding door fitting according to the invention during assembly;

FIGS. 10A to 10D show several views of a modified sliding door fitting according to the invention during assembly; and Figure 1 1 is a sectional view through a further embodiment of a fitting according to the invention.

In Figure 1, a cabinet 1 is shown, which has a furniture body 2, which has a horizontally oriented guide rail 3 on the topsoil. On the guide rail 3, a rear sliding door 4 and a front sliding door 5 are movably held.

The fitting for a sliding door 4 includes a traveling part 6 fixed to a rear side of the rear sliding door 4, as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. At each running part 6, a roller 7 is rotatably mounted, which is movable on a lower race 31 of the guide rail 3. An upper track 30 for the front sliding door 5 is shown on the guide rail 3 in addition to the lower track 31, wherein the tracks 30 and 31 can also be arranged next to one another instead of one above the other. In the illustrated embodiment, the raceways 30 and 31 are connected to each other via a vertical web 32, wherein an angular portion 33, 34 of the guide rail 3 rests at least partially on a top floor of the furniture body 2. At section 33, the guide rail 3 is fastened by fastening means 39 on the furniture body 2. Other types of guide rails 3 can be used.

To avoid unhooking the sliding door 4 in a mounted position, a safety catch with a push button 8 is provided. In Figure 2A, the push button 8 is shown in a protruding securing position, in which the track 31 of the guide rail 3 is at least partially engaged. When the sliding door 4 is moved vertically upwards, the push button 8 abuts against the underside of the raceway 31 and thus prevents unhooking. A sideways movement of the sliding door 4 is prevented by a respective radially protruding edge 70 on both end sides of the roller 7, wherein the furniture body 2 facing edge 70, the track 31 in a groove 35 adjacent to the track 31, engages behind. The lateral securing of the roller 7 can also take place via a web of the guide rail 3. To unhook the sliding door 4, the push button 8, is manually engaged, without the use of a tool, from the securing position against the force of a force accumulator and locked in the engaged position. As a result, the sliding door 4 can be raised until the edge 70 of the roller 7 passes out of the groove 35 of the guide rail 3, so that the sliding door 4 towards a front side, away from the guide rail 3, can be moved. Over the length of the guide rail 3 while several running parts 6 can be provided with Aushängegesungen, which are then unlocked if necessary according to the same principle.

In the figures 3A to 3D, the running part 6 is shown, which can be one or more times mounted on the rear sliding door 4. The running part 6 consists of a bent and stamped metal sheet and has plate-shaped portions 60 which rest on a rear side of the sliding door 4. At these abutment sections, the running part 6 and the sliding door 4 by means of fastening means 69 (in the figures 2A and 2B indicated as center lines), fixedly connected to each other, for example by screw. At a central portion 61, which extends parallel to the sections 60, but in another plane, the roller 7 is rotatably mounted via a bolt 62. The middle section 61 is connected to the sections 60 via two webs 63, so that a U-shaped channel 64 is formed on the running section 6 on the side facing the sliding door 4. In this U-shaped channel 64, a housing 9 for mounting and guiding the push button 8 is mounted. The housing 9 has on opposite sides pins 90 which can be inserted into corresponding openings 65 on the webs 63 of the running part 6. Further, at the central portion 61, a recess 66 is provided, through which the push button 8 is performed on the central portion 61.

In Figures 4A to 4C, the push button 8 and the housing 9 are shown in detail. The housing 9 has a substantially cuboid shape and, as was explained previously in the description of FIGS. 3A to 3D, has pins 90 on opposite sides for mounting on the running part 6. At each pin 90 while a run-on slope 91 is arranged, which is designed sloping towards the running part 6, so that the housing 9 by elastic compression of the side walls when inserted into the U-shaped channel 64, at the points where the pin 90th are arranged, can be latched to the running part 6 when harboring in the openings 65. Other fastening means for mounting the housing 9 can be used.

The push button 8 has a lower web 80, which is guided in a corresponding groove 92, which is shown in more detail in Figure 5, on the housing 9. As a result, the push button 8 is indeed engageable with the housing 9, but not rotatably mounted. Diametrically opposite the web 80 is the push button 8 a Flattening 85 arranged alone or in cooperation with other bevels 86, 87, shown in Figures 7 to 9 on the push button 8 supports the automatic adjustment to the securing position when hanging on the guide rail 3. Their function will be explained in more detail below.

In Figure 5, the housing 9 and the push button 8 are shown with the locking mechanism for fixing the push button 8 in an exploded view to explain the interaction of the components can be explained. The push button 8 is biased by a force accumulator 1 0 in the form of a compression spring in a protruding securing position, wherein the force accumulator 1 0 is supported on the one hand on the push button 8 and on the other side to a bottom of a rotating part 1 1. The rotary part 11 has a cylindrical sleeve, on whose outer circumference guide cams 1 2 are provided, which have guide surfaces 14, which interact with a plunger 81 on the push button 8. By engaging the push button 8, the rotary member 1 1 can be rotated. Between the guide cam 1 2 recesses 1 3 are provided, which cooperate with ribs 93 on the housing 9. The housing 9 has a receptacle 94 with the ribs 93 for the rotary part 1 1, which is interrupted in the region of the web 80 at a groove 92. The rotary member 1 1 can be rotated within the housing 9 by engagement of the push button 8, to then lock the push button 8 in an engaged position. If the push button 8 is engaged again, this is unlocked and can be moved to the protruding securing position. The locking mechanism acts as a Formrichtgesperre, in which case other forms of locking are conceivable. The maximum protruding position of the push button 8 is determined by a stop 96, which also prevents unwanted disassembly between the push button 8 and housing 9. On a side facing the furniture body plan side of the housing 9 projections 97 are arranged, which may be formed integrally with the housing 9 or as separate components. These serve as a contact surface for the guide rail during assembly in order not to allow an unwanted, indented position of the push button 8. At the bottom of the push button 8 can, as can be seen well in particular in Figures 7 to 9, bevels 86, 87 are formed, which act to support a guide rail 3 when mounting a sliding door 4. Further details are explained in the following figures. FIG. 6 shows a modified latching mechanism for a pushbutton 8 'in an exploded view in order to be able to more clearly explain the interaction of the components which can be used in a running part 6 according to the previously described exemplary embodiment. On the push button 8 'guide cam 81' are formed, which are movable along grooves 95 of a housing 9 '. The grooves 95 are surrounded by ribs 93 of a receptacle 94 '. In this latching mechanism, the push button 8 'is rotatable, wherein the guide cam 81' are selectively movable along the grooves 95 or latched to the ribs 93. The push button 8 'is biased by a force accumulator 1 0 in the form of a compression spring and mounted on a rotary member 1 1', which is fixed and only rotates relative to the push button 8 '. On the stationary rotary part 1 1 'are also guide elements 1 2' and 1 3 'is formed, which together with the guide cam 81' on the push button 8 'form a latching mechanism to lock the push button 8' in an engaged position. As in the previous embodiment, on the push button 8 'also a stop 96 (not shown) and bevels 86, 87 and flats 85 (not shown) may be provided to limit a maximum extension movement of the push button 8' in the securing position or to assist the disengagement in the securing position, which can be advantageously arranged corresponding to the rotation angle of the push button 8 '.

In the figures 5 and 6 latching mechanisms are shown, in which the push button 8 or 8 'can be locked in an engaged position, wherein optionally for locking a rotary member 1 1 or the push button 8' is rotatably formed. It is of course also possible to use other locking mechanisms to lock the push button 8 or 8 'in an engaged position on the housing 9 or 9'. In the illustrated embodiment, the running part 6 is fixed to a rear sliding door 4. It is also possible to attach the running part 6 to folding sliding doors, room dividers or other sliding elements to provide a safety catch. In the embodiment shown, the push button 8 or 8 'can each be latched in an engaged position. It is of course also possible to provide the safety catch without such a locking mechanism, wherein the push button can only be engaged. As already mentioned, depending on the design of the guide rail 3, flats 85 and / or bevels 86, 87 arranged on the pushbutton 8 can advantageously assist or permit the automatic disengagement into the securing position during the assembly process.

Figures 7A to D and 8A to D represent two variants of the assembly of the sliding door 4 on a guide rail 3 with convex shaped track 31, wherein at least one lateral edge 70, facing away from the sliding door 4, formed on the concave-shaped running surface of the roller 7 or otherwise arranged. In this case, this engages at least one edge 70 in a groove 35 of the guide rail 3, to prevent accidental displacement transversely to the direction of the sliding door 4. The insertion of the rollers 7 on the convex guide rail 3 is dependent on the design of the guide part in the prior art and therefore not further described here. It is therefore in the following description of the assembly process of a sliding door 4 on a guide rail 3 only between rigid, previously fixedly mounted on the sliding door 4 guide parts and pivotable or tiltable guide parts, which were of course previously mounted on the sliding door 4, distinguished.

In FIGS. 7A to 7D, it is shown that, in the case of rigid guide parts, the sliding door 4 is first inserted by lifting with the guide part into the guide rail (not shown in the figures) arranged at the bottom of the furniture carcass 2, whereby in this case Running part 6 passed in front of the intended guide rail 3 with the track 31 and, as previously explained in general, is then used by pivoting and lowering the sliding door 4 in the intended for the roller 7 track 31. Advantageously, a frontally arranged on the push button 8 bevel 86 and / or the flattening 85, which is arranged on the push button 8 in the direction of the roller 7, the temporary engagement and the return movement of the push button 8 when passing on the guide rail 3 during assembly support. In this case, this temporary disengagement and subsequent return movement of the pushbutton 8 takes place automatically or automatically during assembly, but can also be performed completely or partially manually by pressing in the pushbutton 8. At least one projection 97 (not shown) can prevent unwanted engagement of the push button 8 in the locking position. The assembly of the sliding door 4 when using pivotable or tiltable guide parts (also not shown in the figures) is shown in Figures 8A to 8D. Advantageously, the running part 6 of the sliding door 4 is first positioned over the guide rail 3 and then placed. Again, the push button 8 moves, in the same manner as described above, in the disengaged securing position. For this purpose too, at least one flattening 85 and / or at least one bevel 86, which are arranged on the front side of the pushbutton 8, can assist the temporary engagement and the automatic retraction of the pushbutton 8 when guiding the guide rail 3 during assembly. At least one projection 97 (not shown) in turn prevents accidental engagement of the push button 8 in the locking position. Finally, the guide part can then be pivoted or tilted in a position-determined manner into the other guide rail fixed at the bottom of the furniture body (not shown).

FIGS. 9A to D and 10A to D illustrate two further variants of the installation of the sliding door 4 on a guide rail 3 "with a concave track 31", with a lateral edge 70 "facing the sliding door 4 on the concavely shaped raceway Guide rail 3 "is arranged, which prevents unintentional displacement of the roller 7" transverse to the direction of displacement of the sliding door 4.

The insertion of the rollers 7 "into the concave guide rail 3" is in turn dependent on the design of the guide member in the state of the art and therefore not further described here. It is therefore only, as before in the variants of Figures 7 and 8, again different between rigid, previously mounted on the sliding door 4 fixed guide parts and pivotable or tiltable guide parts, which were of course also previously mounted on the sliding door 4.

In FIGS. 9A to 9D it is shown that in the case of rigid guide parts, the sliding door 4 is first inserted by lifting with the guide part into the guide rail arranged at the bottom of the furniture body 2 (not shown in the figures), whereby the running part 6 ". is guided past the intended guide rail 3 "with the track 31" and then inserted into the track 31 "provided for the roller 7" by pivoting and lowering the sliding door 4. Advantageously, one or more bevels 86 arranged on the front side of the push button 8 can be used , 87 and / or a flattening 85, which arranged on the push button 8 in the direction of roller 7 " During assembly, this sequence of movements of the pushbutton 8 preferably takes place automatically or automatically. At least one projection 97 (not shown) prevents this from occurring unintentional engagement of the push button 8 in the locked position.

The assembly of the sliding door 4 when using pivotable or tiltable guide parts (also not shown in the figures) is shown in FIGS. 10A to 10D. Advantageously, the running part 6 "of the sliding door 4 is first positioned over the guide rail 3" and then placed on the track. When passing on the guide rail 3 "during assembly turn one or more frontally arranged on the push button 8 bevels 86, 87 and / or one or more flats 85, which are arranged on the push button 8 in the direction of roller 7", the temporary engagement and the Support moving back of the push button 8, wherein the sequence of movements of the push button 8 is preferably again automatically or automatically. Also in this embodiment prevents a projection 97 (not shown) an unwanted engagement of the push button 8 in the locking position.

In Figure 1 1, another embodiment of an arrangement of a safety catch according to the invention is shown. In this case, a running part 6 "has a continuous, planar support surface facing the rear side of the sliding door 4, which is interrupted only by a recess 66 for the push button 8 and by openings for attachment to the sliding door 4. The sliding door 4 can be located in a recess 40, housing the housing 9 for guiding a push button 8. The functional sequence is analogous to the other variants of the embodiment With this embodiment of a safety catch, a particularly compact arrangement of the component assembly is possible.

In a method for mounting a sliding door, the push button can be positioned in a protruding securing position and be engaged when hanging against the force of the energy storage 1 0. This allows an automatic disengagement in the securing position of the push button 8 below the track 31 on the guide rail, without the user must operate the safety catch separately. Only when disassembling the push button 8 can then be locked in an engaged position. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 cupboard furniture

2 furniture carcass

3, 3 "guide rail

4 sliding door

5 sliding door

6, 6 "running part

7, 7 "roller

8, 8 'push button

9, 9 'housing

10 energy storage

1 1, 1 1 'rotary part

12 guide cam 2 'guide element

13 recess

13 'guide element

14 guide surface

30 career

31, 31 "career

32 footbridge

33 section

34 section

35 groove

39 fasteners

40 recess

60 section

61 section

62 bolts

63 footbridge

64 channel

65 opening

66 recess

69 fasteners

70 edge

80 footbridge

80 'guide cams

81 pestles

81 'guide cams 85 flattening

86 slope

87 slope

90 cones

91 starting slope

92 groove

93 rib

94, 94 'recording

95 groove

96 stop

97 advantage

Claims

claims

1 . Fitting for a sliding door (4), with a guide rail (3), along which at least one running part (6) can be moved, on which a sliding door (4) is held, wherein on the running part (6) at least one safety catch to prevent unhooking of the running part (6) of the guide rail (3) is provided, characterized in that the safety catch comprises a push button (8, 8 '), which moved by the force of an energy accumulator (10) in a relation to the running part (6) protruding securing position is and for unmounting against the force of the energy accumulator (10) is movable into an engaged position.

2. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that on the

Running part (6) a roller (7) is rotatably mounted and the push button (8, 8 ') approximately centrally in the region below the roller (7) is arranged and in the securing position at least partially engages under the guide rail (3).

3. Fitting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the direction of movement of the push button (8, 8 ') is aligned transversely to the direction of displacement of the sliding door (4).

4. Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the push button (8, 8 ') can be latched in an engaged position.

5. Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the push button (8, 8 '), a stop (96) is provided which limits the maximum protruding securing position.

6. Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the push button (8, 8 ') on a housing (9) is guided, which is fixed to the running part (6).

7. Fitting according to claim 6, characterized in that the housing (9) is latched to the running part (6). Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the push button (8, 8 ') can be latched in the engaged position via a latching mechanism, wherein the latching mechanism comprises a rotary part (11, 11') with a plurality of guide cams (12, 12 '). ) having. Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one flattening (85) and / or at least one bevel (86, 87) are arranged on an end face of the push-button (8, 8 ').

Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy accumulator (10) is designed as a compression spring which is at least partially positioned within the push button (8, 8 ') or in the push button (8, 8') arranged component.

Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the running part (6) has at least one fastening portion (60) which bears against the sliding door (4) and a protruding portion (61) on which the roller (7) and the Push button (8, 8 ') are provided.

Fitting according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a housing (9) for guiding the push button (8, 8 ') is fixed in a U-shaped channel of the running part (6).

Method for mounting a sliding door (4) on a guide rail (3), wherein at least one sliding part (6) fixed to the sliding door (4) is suspended on a track (31) of the guide rail (3), and a motor (10 ) preloaded push button (8, 8 ') is engaged when hanging and then locked below the track (31) of the guide rail (3) in a protruding securing position.

Method for mounting a sliding door (4) according to claim 13, characterized in that the push button (8, 8 ') automatically disengages in a protruding securing position as soon as the running part (6) reaches the intended position on a track (31) of the guide rail (3 ) has taken.