EP3349231B1 - Elektromechanisches schütz - Google Patents

Elektromechanisches schütz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3349231B1
EP3349231B1 EP17151114.0A EP17151114A EP3349231B1 EP 3349231 B1 EP3349231 B1 EP 3349231B1 EP 17151114 A EP17151114 A EP 17151114A EP 3349231 B1 EP3349231 B1 EP 3349231B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
secondary coil
arc
contactor
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17151114.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3349231A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Portier
Omer KARAAGAC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP17151114.0A priority Critical patent/EP3349231B1/de
Publication of EP3349231A1 publication Critical patent/EP3349231A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3349231B1 publication Critical patent/EP3349231B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/001—Functional circuits, e.g. logic, sequencing, interlocking circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/46—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using arcing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H2009/0083—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00 using redundant components, e.g. two pressure tubes for pressure switch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electromechanical contactors, suitable in particular, but not exclusively, for the protection of high-voltage electrical installations such as, for example, those used in railway transport networks.
  • Known electromechanical contactors usually include at least one fixed pole and at least one movable pole. These poles are in contact to let the current flow and are separated to interrupt it.
  • An electromechanical actuator is usually used to move the moving contact away from the stationary contact. An electric arc is then created between the two contacts, which must be extinguished as efficiently as possible.
  • the known means for extinguishing this electric arc include devices for electromagnetically blowing the arc towards means configured to separate and disperse the arc into a multitude of arcs which end up being extinguished.
  • Electromagnetic blowing results from the effect of the Lorentz force produced by a magnetic field on the arc current, the magnetic field being able to be created by a permanent magnet or by a coil traversed by a current of intensity adapted to the current. desired effect.
  • the existing devices do not make it possible to ensure satisfactory continuity of the blowing effect over the entire spectrum of intensities considered, from very low intensity to higher intensities.
  • the document DE 201 05 432 U1 discloses an electromechanical contactor intended to interrupt or allow a direct current to flow in a circuit, comprising secondary arc blow-out coils (within the meaning of the invention), two blow-out zones, and arc guides.
  • EP 2 230 678 81 discloses an electromechanical contactor intended to interrupt or allow a direct current to flow in a circuit, comprising main and secondary coils (within the meaning of the invention) for arc blowing, two blowing zones, and arc guides.
  • the present invention aims to solve all or part of the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • the invention relates to a contactor according to claim 1.
  • the direction of the current in the at least one secondary coil is determined by the direction of the current in the contactor circuit.
  • the contactor represented on the figure 1 is inserted between terminals 1, 2 of a main circuit supplied with voltages which may be between 0 and 3000 V, preferably between 0 and 1500 V, the dimensions of which allow the contactor to be placed inside a rectangular parallelepiped approximately 350 mm long, by 250 mm wide, and 70 mm thick, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the contactor according to the embodiment of the invention described in detail below is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry passing through the axis AA' represented on the figure 1 and perpendicular to the cutting plane of the figure 1 .
  • the description below may not systematically detail the configuration of the contactor on each side of this plane of symmetry, but those skilled in the art will understand that everything that is described on one side of this plan is found identically on the other side.
  • the contactor comprises an electromechanical switching device provided with a movable contact support 3 and a fixed contact support 4, 5 on each side of the aforementioned plane of symmetry.
  • the mobile contact support is a bridge which moves in translation in the direction of the arrow 6 indicated on the figure 1 ; this bridge carries two contact pads 31, 32, which will be called poles 31, 32 in the remainder of the description; the poles 31,32, depending on the position of the movable contact support, make or break contact with two corresponding poles 41, 51 located respectively on the two fixed contact supports.
  • Each fixed contact support 4, 5 is electrically connected to a terminal of the main circuit 1, 2 by a first end. At the other end of each fixed contact support, in its extension, is positioned an electric arc guide 7, 8, made of conductive material.
  • One end of the arc guide 7, 8 is located close to, but not in electrical contact with the second end of the fixed contact support 4, 5, in the extension of which it is located; the other end of the arc guide joins an electric arc extinguishing zone, which notably comprises extinguishing fins 9, 10 made of ferromagnetic material.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the means which ensure the displacement of the mobile contact support 3, in order on the one hand to close the main circuit by bringing the corresponding poles of the fixed contact support into electrical contact with those of the mobile contact support, on the other hand to open the main circuit separating the corresponding poles of the fixed contact support and those of the movable contact support.
  • the movable contact support 3 is inserted between two substantially parallel walls of a hollow slider 11 of substantially parallelepipedic shape, closed at the top by an upper face transverse to the axis of symmetry of the slider, at the bottom by a lower face transverse to the axis of symmetry of the slider, and at an intermediate level between the top and the bottom, by an intermediate plane transverse 12 to the axis of symmetry of the slider; the mobile contact support 3 rests on this intermediate plane 12, against which it is pressed by the pressure of a spring 16, one end of which rests on the mobile contact support, and the other end of which rests on the upper face of the slider.
  • the slider is secured to a mobile ferromagnetic part 13 fixed to its lower base.
  • This mobile ferromagnetic part 13 cooperates with an induction coil 14, called actuation coil 14, powered by a second circuit independent of the main circuit.
  • An electronic supply board 33 of the actuating coil regulates the voltage and intensity of this supply.
  • This electronic card and the regulation it provides not only make it possible to size the actuation device as precisely as possible, thus considerably reducing the volume and weight of the contactor assembly, but also to directly process the intensity of the current. in this coil to implement a second embodiment of the detector according to the invention which will be described in more detail below.
  • the electronic card 33 can also, as is the case in the embodiment shown in the appended figures, be split into a part 33 more particularly dedicated to the supply of the actuating coil, and a part 33bis, bringing together more specifically the components described in more detail below.
  • This actuating coil when energized, draws part 13 and slider 11 which are integrally movable downwards until the upper head of this movable part 13 comes into contact with a second fixed ferromagnetic part, integral the actuating coil; the lower base of the slider then crushes at least one spring 15 which bears by its upper end on a part of the lower base of the slider, and whose lower end bears against the bottom of the contactor.
  • This downward translation of the slider also drives the movable contact carrier downwards until the poles of the movable contact carrier come into contact with their counterparts on each fixed contact carrier.
  • the at least one spring 15 under the lower base of the slider extends and pushes the slider upwards, together with the spring 16 which simultaneously extends and adds its own pressure on the slider, to that exerted by the at least one spring 15, until the mobile contact support 3 abuts on the intermediate plane 12 of the slider as shown figure 5 ; during this first part of the upward movement of the slider, the poles of the mobile contact support 3 remained in contact with the poles of the fixed contact supports; under the effect of at least one spring 15, the slider then continues its upward movement by driving, in this second part of its upward movement, the movable contact support, the poles of which then only begin to separate from their homologous poles on the two fixed contact supports.
  • the detection of the moment of separation of the fixed and mobile poles is carried out by means of a photoelectric sensor 34 fixed to the power supply board 33bis.
  • This sensor 34 is positioned in such a way as to be able to accommodate and cooperate with the end 35 of a protrusion integral with the slider.
  • the end 35 is inserted inside a suitable recess of the sensor 34, as shown figure 8 , so that the photoelectric cell of the sensor 34 detects the presence of the end of the slider.
  • the upward movement of the slider, as described above, causes this end 35 of the sensor 34 to come out, which the photoelectric cell immediately detects.
  • the precise moment of the separation of the two fixed and mobile poles is detected thanks to a processing of the temporal evolution profile of the current in the actuating coil 14 of the slider 11.
  • the electronic supply board 33 of the actuating coil 14 which ensures the voltage regulation and intensity of this power supply makes it possible to directly process the intensity of the current in this coil to implement this second embodiment of the detector according to the invention.
  • FIG 6 represents the time on the abscissa, and the ordinate U the supply voltage of the actuation coil, and I the intensity of the supply current of the actuation coil.
  • Curve 64, stepping represents the change in voltage U as a function of time; at time T1, the voltage U is canceled in the actuation coil.
  • Curve 61 represents the evolution of the current which crosses the actuating coil from T1; the intensity begins by decreasing, due to the presence of a freewheel diode across the terminals of the actuating coil, to reach a first low point at T2. This low point marks the moment when the magnetic attraction force of the slider towards the actuating coil 14 becomes lower than the thrust force exerted on the slider 11 in the opposite direction by the at least one spring 15 and the spring 16.
  • T2 therefore marks the beginning of the upward movement of the slider, under the effect of the differential between the pressure exerted on the slider upwards by the springs 15 and 16 and the attraction exerted on the slider in the opposite direction by the coil d actuation 14; this movement moves the slider from the position shown on the figure 4 at the position shown on the figure 5 , which it reaches at time T3, then at the position represented on the picture 3 . It is at instant T3 that it is appropriate to trigger the blowing of the secondary coil 19, 20.
  • This instant T3 is offset from T2 by a constant delay linked to the travel time of the slider between the position represented in figure 4 up to that shown in figure 5 ; this constant T3-T2 is determined empirically by calibration tests of the device.
  • An appropriate electronic circuit is arranged on the electronic control-command board of the actuating coil 14 and makes it possible to process the measurement of the intensity of the current by detecting the instant of appearance T2 of the low point of the intensity curve, and to deduce T3 therefrom. Thus it is possible to optimally synchronize the start of the action of blowing the electric arc with the appearance of this electric arc between the fixed and mobile poles.
  • a so-called secondary coil 19, 20 is positioned under each fixed contact piece.
  • the supply of the secondary coils is independent of that of the main coils. It is ensured by a capacitor 38 placed under the card 33bis electronics which controls the supply of at least one secondary coil 19.20.
  • the supply of the load of the capacitor 38 can be carried out by applying to the latter, as well as to the at least one secondary coil 19, 20, a voltage lower than, but derived from that which is applied to the actuating coil 14. This justifies dedicating a distinct part 33bis of the electronic card 33 to this function.
  • capacitor 38 is charged by a voltage derived from that which supplies actuating coil 14 when the latter keeps the contactor closed; this charging is carried out in a very short time, typically less than 1 second, as soon as the contactor is closed.
  • the discharge of the capacitor 38 which will supply the at least one secondary coil 19,20 is triggered by the component 42, called the trigger here, preferably a MOSFET bridge, at the instant which will have been determined as indicated above by the detector 34, after application of an appropriate delay by component 41 to take account, if necessary, of the offset T3-T2 indicated above.
  • the trigger 42 which ensures the triggering of the discharge of the capacitor, also determines the direction of the discharge current according to the direction of the current in the contactor as measured by the device 39.
  • Each secondary coil 19, 20 is associated with a pair of flat ferromagnetic plates 21, 22 which face each other on either side of the coil and which are interconnected by a core 36, 37, also ferromagnetic and located at the inside the coil.
  • There figure 1 represents only one of the two ferromagnetic plates of each pair associated with the coil, as well as the core. The second piece faces the first in a plane parallel to the cutting plane in the figure.
  • These pairs of plates 21,22, associated with each secondary coil will also be called pairs of secondary plates 21,22.
  • This pair of secondary plates 21, 22 is intended, when the secondary coil 19, 20 is energized, to promote the creation of a magnetic field in a direction transverse to the cutting plane of the figure 1 , between the two parts of this pair of secondary plates.
  • This magnetic field is configured to interact with the arcing current created between the separated poles to create a directed force depending on the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field induced by the secondary coil.
  • the direction of the magnetic field induced by the secondary coil is itself a function of the direction of the current which crosses this coil.
  • a known electronic device 39 is provided to detect the direction of the current in the main circuit and to accordingly fix the direction of the current which is discharged from the capacitor 38 to cross the secondary coil 19 so that the direction of the magnetic field induced by the secondary coil 19 between the two parts of the pair of secondary plates 21 blows the arc current in the direction 23 of the zone of extinguishing the arc 9.
  • the extension of the zone of influence of the magnetic field produced by a secondary coil stops at the limit of the ferromagnetic part associated with this coil. During its movement towards this limit, the arc lengthens, until it is extinguished if the intensity of the arc current is low.
  • the dimensioning of the at least one secondary coil and of its ferromagnetic core makes it possible to ensure an almost constant field between the plates for a duration of approximately 30 to 70 ms; this duration is consistent with the arc extinction duration for contactors whose circuit has a high time constant, greater than 15 ms.
  • the extension zone of the blowing of the secondary coil is configured so that arcing currents of low intensity, typically less than 1 or even 2 A, are extinguished under the sole effect of the magnetic blowing due to the secondary coil 19, without that it is necessary to blow them up to the zone of the extinguishing fins of the arcs of greater intensity.
  • predetermined threshold of extinction If the intensity of the arcing current is greater than a certain predetermined threshold, which we will call “predetermined threshold of extinction”, the arcing current will not be extinguished before having reached, in the direction 23, the limit of the surface of the ferromagnetic plates 21 associated with the coil 19. In this case, before the arc reaches this limit, the arc current will have begun to supply a main coil 24, 25, which is located from this made in series in the main circuit.
  • This main coil is placed above the movable pole 31, 32 on the movable contact support 3, between this pole 31, 32 and a second arc guide 26, 27 which delimits with the first arc guide 7, 8 the blowing zone towards the extinguishing fins 9, 10 of the high intensity arcs; this main coil 24 is in electrical contact at one of these ends with this second arc guide 26 and at the other end with the second main coil 25 of the contactor, so that the main current arriving through one of the parts of fixed contact 4 jumps towards the first arc guide 7 in the extension of this fixed contact part then, following the electric arc initially blown by the effect of the secondary coil 19 up to the limits of the first plate secondary 21 associated with this secondary coil 19, joins the second arc guide 26 to which the main coil 24 is connected and continues its path towards the second main coil 25 of the second part of the symmetrical contactor of the first.
  • each coil main 24, 25 is associated with a ferromagnetic core and a pair of ferromagnetic plates, called main, 28, 29 to promote the creation of a magnetic field in the same direction as that induced by the secondary coil 19, but in a zone which extends the blast area of the secondary coil.
  • the at least one pair of main plates 28,29 is arranged in the extension of the at least one pair of secondary plates 21,22 associated with the at least one secondary coil, so that the distance between their respective edges is between 2 and 4mm.
  • the at least one main coil 24,25 and their ferromagnetic core is sized to ensure, when it is traversed by a current of intensity at least equal to the "predetermined extinction threshold" mentioned above, a field magnetic between the plates of the at least one pair of plates 28, 29 of sufficient intensity to continue the elongation of the arc beyond the limit of the zone of influence of the at least one secondary coil 19,20 corresponding.
  • the "predetermined extinction threshold” which characterizes the intensity of the arcing current below which the arc lengthens and is extinguished under the effect of the secondary coil alone before having reached the zone of influence of the main coil, varies in the opposite direction to the voltage at the terminals of the contactor: the higher the voltage, the lower the intensity corresponding to this "predetermined extinction threshold”.
  • the “predetermined extinction threshold” chosen for the sizing of the at least one secondary and main coil is that corresponding to the highest voltage allowed at the terminals of the contactor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Elektromechanisches Schütz, das dazu bestimmt ist, Gleichstrom in einem Kreis zu unterbrechen oder durchzulassen, wobei das elektromechanische Schütz wenigstens einen festen Pol (41, 51) und wenigstens einen beweglichen Pol (31, 32) und wenigstens einen Lichtbogenleiter (7), der dem wenigstens einen festen Pol (41, 51) zugeordnet ist, und wenigstens einen Lichtbogenleiter (26), der dem wenigstens einen beweglichen Pol (31, 32) zugeordnet ist, umfasst, wobei das elektromechanische Schütz ebenfalls wenigstens eine Nebenspule (19, 20) und wenigstens eine Hauptspule (24, 25) umfasst, wobei die wenigstens eine Nebenspule ausgestaltet ist, ein Magnetfeld zu erzeugen, um wenigstens einen elektrischen Lichtbogen (17) auszublasen, der zwischen dem wenigstens einen festen Pol (41, 51) und dem wenigstens einen beweglichen Pol (31, 32) in einem ersten Einflussbereich generiert wird, der von wenigstens einem Paar Nebenplatten (21, 22) begrenzt wird, wobei sich die beweglichen (31, 32) und festen Pole (41, 51) in dem ersten Einflussbereich befinden, wobei die wenigstens eine Hauptspule (24, 25) ausgestaltet ist, ein Magnetfeld zu erzeugen, um den wenigstens einen elektrischen Lichtbogen (17) in einem zweiten Einflussbereich auszublasen, der von wenigstens einem Paar Hauptplatten (28, 29) begrenzt wird, wenn der wenigstens eine elektrische Lichtbogen (17) nicht durch die Wirkung der wenigstens einen Nebenspule (19, 20) erloschen ist, wobei der zweite Einflussbereich an den ersten Einflussbereich angrenzt, wobei der wenigstens eine Lichtbogenleiter (7, 26) jeweils ein Ende in dem ersten Einflussbereich und das andere Ende in dem zweiten Einflussbereich aufweist, wobei die Stromversorgung der wenigstens einen Nebenspule (19, 20) unabhängig ist von der Versorgung der wenigstens einen Hauptspule (24, 25), die in Serie in dem Kreis des Schützes durch den wenigstens einen elektrischen Lichtbogen (17) gesetzt ist, der unter der Wirkung der wenigstens einen Nebenspule (19, 20) ausgeblasen wird, wobei die Stromversorgung der wenigstens einen Nebenspule gewährleistet wird durch die Entladung eines Kondensators (38), der durch eine Spannung geladen wird, die von der Spannung abgeleitet wird, die an eine Betätigungsspule (14) zur Öffnung des Kreises angelegt wird.
  2. Elektromechanisches Schütz nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Stromrichtung in der wenigstens einen Nebenspule (19, 20) durch die Stromrichtung in dem Kreis des elektromechanischen Schützes bestimmt wird.
EP17151114.0A 2017-01-12 2017-01-12 Elektromechanisches schütz Active EP3349231B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17151114.0A EP3349231B1 (de) 2017-01-12 2017-01-12 Elektromechanisches schütz

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17151114.0A EP3349231B1 (de) 2017-01-12 2017-01-12 Elektromechanisches schütz

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EP3349231A1 EP3349231A1 (de) 2018-07-18
EP3349231B1 true EP3349231B1 (de) 2023-07-19

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2576338A (en) 2018-08-15 2020-02-19 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd Switching device and method for operating a switching device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080030289A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Robert Kralik Contactor for direct current and alternating current operation
EP2230678B1 (de) * 2009-03-16 2015-11-11 Schaltbau GmbH Lichtbogenresistenter Schütz

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE343783A (de) * 1926-07-12
FR1342851A (fr) * 1962-09-19 1963-11-15 Cem Comp Electro Mec Pôle à double coupure pour contacteurs électromagnétiques ou pneumatiques montés sur barreaux
US5138122A (en) * 1990-08-29 1992-08-11 Eaton Corporation Bi-directional direct current switching apparatus having arc extinguishing chambers alternatively used according to polarity applied to said apparatus
DE20105432U1 (de) * 2001-03-28 2002-09-26 Schaltbau Gmbh Blasung bei AC-Betrieb

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080030289A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Robert Kralik Contactor for direct current and alternating current operation
EP2230678B1 (de) * 2009-03-16 2015-11-11 Schaltbau GmbH Lichtbogenresistenter Schütz

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