EP2270829B1 - Steuerung über eine Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation einer Rückstosskraft und Schaltschutz mit einer solchen Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Steuerung über eine Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation einer Rückstosskraft und Schaltschutz mit einer solchen Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2270829B1
EP2270829B1 EP10354027.4A EP10354027A EP2270829B1 EP 2270829 B1 EP2270829 B1 EP 2270829B1 EP 10354027 A EP10354027 A EP 10354027A EP 2270829 B1 EP2270829 B1 EP 2270829B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
contacts
current
magnetic
electric apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10354027.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2270829A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Bataille
Michel Lauraire
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2270829A1 publication Critical patent/EP2270829A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2270829B1 publication Critical patent/EP2270829B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H01H77/101—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening with increasing of contact pressure by electrodynamic forces before opening
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of protection of contactors, including the establishment of devices for compensating the electrodynamic repulsion forces that tend to cause the inadvertent opening of the contacts generating their wear or welding.
  • the invention relates to the optimization of such compensation devices so that the size and power consumption of the contactors are minimal while allowing them to properly perform their function in case of overloads due to short circuits.
  • a contactor In a contactor, to ensure the passage of current, an equilibrium is established between a spring mechanism ensuring a pressure between the contacts and the repulsive force generated at the contacts by the passage of the current.
  • a contactor is normally provided to withstand effective currents of the order of several times, for example twelve times, its rated current according to the controlled load; beyond that, the repulsive forces predominate and can overcome the action of the pressure spring, so that the contacts will separate to close as soon as the current decreases. But shocks between contacts create a risk of welding, or at least excessive wear.
  • a contactor is therefore conventionally associated with a cut-off or limitation device which avoids the passage of an excessive current in the event of a short-circuit or a significant overload, so that the contactor does not in principle have the time to undergo a pity.
  • a compensation device also called magnetic U or "iron hand” comprises two magnetic parts forming between them a variable air gap and surrounding the movable contact, so as to form an electromagnet.
  • the magnetic compensator can be fixedly positioned relative to the contactor housing, in which case it can interfere with the reopening of the contacts and degrade the performance of the contactor during the break; preferably, one of the two U-shaped parts is connected to the support mechanism of the movable contacts.
  • the magnetic compensator is dimensioned to not contribute significantly to the contact pressure in nominal current operation; when an overload develops significant repulsive forces, the compensator effectively strengthens the contact pressure, thus maintaining their closed position.
  • the magnetic U acts directly on the moving part of the electromagnet and, in the case of significant compensation forces, it can pull out this mobile part, in particular for an electromagnet powered by alternating current. To counteract this effect, an increase in the contactor maintenance current would be necessary, but at the expense of its size and its power consumption.
  • the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing magnetic compensators by optimizing their operation.
  • the invention relates to a control of the holding current (current in the closed position) of the electromagnet, so as to keep a minimum value in normal operation and to increase it only when the contact force must be complemented by the magnetic U. Because of this dissociation, the effort generated by the repulsion does not lead to a pullout of the actuator, and the power consumption remains minimal in normal operation, without oversizing of the actuator.
  • the invention relates to a contactor provided with a magnetic compensation device and enslaved.
  • the contactor preferably comprises at least one movable bridge of two contacts, and an electromagnetic actuator formed of a coil and a movable part integral with a contact carrier device coupled to the contact bridge to drive it.
  • the compensation device which is also an object of the invention, comprises two magnetic parts movable relative to each other, preferably a U-shaped part and a substantially flat part closing the recess of the U, but retaining between them a non-zero air gap.
  • a support conductor of the movable contact of the contactor so as to form an electromagnet; the support is operatively coupled to one of the magnetic parts so that a decrease in the air gap exerts a force towards the closure of the contacts.
  • the actuator coil of the contactor is provided with controllable supply means.
  • the coil may comprise a plurality of windings
  • the power supply means comprise switch means, such as transistors, for disconnecting one of the windings, so as to modify the field created by the coil and therefore the force generated by the electromagnet in the magnetic parts according to the control of the switch means.
  • the coil of the magnetic compensator comprises electronic power supply means, and a control of said means makes it possible to modify the current flowing in the coil, for example via the frequency of a modulated signal, in particular in modulation of voltage.
  • the power supply means of the coil allow its servocontrol, and thus the servocontrol of the force of the actuator as a function of the action developed by the compensator; they are associated with means for measuring a magnitude representative of the current flowing in the two magnetic parts of the compensator, that is to say between the contacts of the contactor, and means for comparing this magnitude representative at a threshold of way to control the feeding means.
  • the measuring means can be of different natures, and for example allow a direct measurement of the current flowing between the poles, or the measurement of a parameter dependent on the current.
  • the measuring means comprise means for measuring the magnetic flux within the magnetic parts of the compensator.
  • the figure 1 schematically represents the opening and closing mechanism of a unipolar contactor 10.
  • Two conductors 12 each carry a fixed contact 14 which cooperates with a movable contact 16 between an open position and a closed position; the two movable contacts 16 are interconnected via a bridge 18, and are actuated by an electromagnetic device 20 comprising a coil 22 associated with a contact holder device 24 integral with the support 18 of the movable contacts 16.
  • a pole spring 26, housed inside the contact holder 24 generates a force between the contacts 14, 16 to keep them closed; it determines the contact pressure F P.
  • the contact carrier 24 also supports a magnetic compensator 30 comprising a first magnetic piece 32 integral, by coupling or simple support, the contact bridge 18, and a second magnetic part 34 U, the two parts being arranged to form an orifice through which the contact bridge 18 is located.
  • the magnetic compensator 30 thus forms an electromagnet 18, 32, 34 when the contacts 14, 16 are closed; its components are arranged and dimensioned so that a non-zero gap e remains between the two magnetic parts 32, 34 in the closed position of the contacts 14, 16, regardless of their degree of wear.
  • the electromagnet 20 exerts a force F E on the contacts 14, 16.
  • this effort F E is constant, depending on the current flowing in the coil 22 to keep the actuator 20 closed, called holding current.
  • the electromagnet 20 undergoes a stress F resulting from the various previous forces, and in particular corresponding to the difference between the repulsion force F R and the pressure force F P + F C of the iron hand 30 and pole springs 26; the force F undergone by the actuator 20 is bell-shaped.
  • the magnetic U 30 acts directly on the movable portion 18, 24 of the actuator 20 and, in case of great effort, the imposed stress F can cause its tearing exceeding the effort F E that can support the actuator 20 ( figure 2 ).
  • the current within the coil 22 is usually kept to a minimum to reduce consumption while ensuring the closure of the contacts 14, 16. To avoid tearing, one of the solutions would be to increase the force F E of the actuator 20, increasing the current, or oversize the iron hand 30.
  • the force F E it is proposed to modify the force F E to which the actuator 20 resists only when this is necessary.
  • This threshold value I 0 is appropriate because a short-circuit current I of 100 kA reaches the trigger value I 0 approximately after 100 ⁇ s while the springs 26 keep the contactor closed about 200 ⁇ s and that, as illustrated in figure 2 , the maximum force F experienced by the actuator 20 is not yet reached. Other options are possible.
  • the measurement is directly carried out by current sensors present in the contactor 10: in fact, certain contactors 10, in particular of high range, can use current measurements for the electronic magneto-thermal protection.
  • the threshold detected relates to the force exerted by the current I on the components of the contactor 10, and in particular on the second magnetic part 34, provided for this purpose with a suitable sensor; for example, a strain gauge is inserted between the magnetic compensator 30 and the electromagnet 20, and a processing electronics allows, from this measurement, to determine the triggering threshold of the current control in the coil 22.
  • the magnitude representative of the current is determined directly on the magnetic compensator 30.
  • an exploratory winding 40 of the flow ⁇ is put in place around the second U-shaped part 34.
  • the current I passing in the current line 12, 18 creates a flow ⁇ in the compensator 30; this is measured by the winding 40 which transmits a representative value to the processing means 42, for example comparison means by an array of values.
  • the processing means 42 can thus associate a threshold of 2 V with the induced voltage to trigger the servocontrol of the coil 22.
  • the processing means 42 associated with the measuring means 40 make it possible to rapidly detect the exceeding of a threshold I 0 by the feed current I, in particular by exceeding a characteristic quantity (U, effort ).
  • Means 44 then receive the signal corresponding to the overshoot, and transmit this information to the supply of the coil 22 to enslave it.
  • the control means 44 are adapted to react quickly, so that the force F E of the actuator 20 is greater than the force F it undergoes.
  • the peak force F experienced by the actuator 20 appears at about 0.35 ms: according to the invention, it is preferred that the change in the speed of the coil 22 takes place before, and preferably in the 200 ⁇ s following the exceeding of the threshold I 0 (or its equivalent on the quantity U, ⁇ , ... measured).
  • the actuating coil 22 is in fact a system with at least two windings 22A, 22B put in series, the first holding winding 22A having a much higher resistance to the second winding 22B of call; for example, the winding 22A comprises 2400 turns for a resistance of 100 ⁇ , and the winding 22B comprises 200 turns for a resistance of 1.1 ⁇ .
  • the holding winding 22A is predominant, and provides the current in the coil 22.
  • the servo means 44 send a signal on the interruption means 46 so as to disconnect the holding winding 22A of the assembly: the Call Winding 22B takes over and generates a superior power supply.
  • the interruption means 46 is of the transistor type: as soon as the servocontrol means 44 receive processing means 42 the signal indicating an overload, the transistor 46 is called upon to opening for a fast increase, in less than 100 ⁇ s for a voltage front U 22 ( Figure 4B ).
  • the coil 22 is electronically powered, via a pulse modulated type signal, or PWM (for "Pulse Wave Modulation ").
  • PWM Pulse Wave Modulation
  • the supply of the coil 22 is carried out directly from a control device 48 ( figure 3 ) creating pulses of predetermined width T for the control voltage.
  • the pulse signal has a first frequency f 1 , for example 1% of the fixed frequency f, making it possible to obtain a holding current current I 1 in the coil 22, the said average current I 1 corresponding to the average of the current which decreases between two pulses.
  • the servocontrol of the coil 22 is preferably continued by a return to the minimum holding current as soon as the current I returns to a nominal value, that is to say that the current in the coil 22 is increased during the phases of transient current, or fault before tripping of line protection devices.
  • the invention has been described with reference to a contact bridge contactor 18, it is not limited thereto: other elements may be concerned by the invention, in particular, inverters, relays or other devices. Similar. Preferably, the invention is used in a large contactor 10, in which the current sensor is integrated, the compensation device 30 and the servocontrol can then be put in place in an existing contactor. Moreover, other systems for controlling the current of the coil 22 may be provided, as well as other means for measuring a magnitude representative of the exceeding of a threshold I 0 by the feed current I.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation (30) des Rückstoßes von Kontakten (14, 16) eines elektrischen Geräts (10) mit einem elektromagnetischen Betätigungsglied (20) zur Betätigung der Kontakte (14, 16), das eine Spule (22) mit steuerbaren Stromversorgungsmitteln (46, 48) umfasst, welche Einrichtung (30) ein erstes magnetisches Teil (32), das funktionswirksam mit einem leitenden Träger eines beweglichen Kontakts (18) verbunden werden kann, ein zweites magnetisches Teil (34), das einen veränderlichen Luftspalt ungleich null (e) zwischen den beiden Teilen bestimmt, sowie eine Durchführungsöffnung umfasst, in der der genannte Träger (18) des beweglichen Kontakts angeordnet ist, derart, dass die Anordnung einen Elektromagneten bildet,
    gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (40) zur Messung einer, den über die Kontakte (14, 16) fließenden Strom abbildenden Größe, Mittel (42) zur Verarbeitung der den über die Kontakte (14, 16) fließenden Strom (I) abbildenden Größe und deren Vergleich mit einem Schwellwert (I0) sowie Mittel (44) zur Steuerung der Stromversorgungsmittel (46, 48) der Spule in Abhängigkeit vom Ergebnis der Verarbeitungsmittel (42), um den Versorgungsstrom der Spule (22) zu erhöhen, wenn der über die Kontakte (14, 16) fließende Strom (I) den Schwellwert (I0) überschreitet.
  2. Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation nach Anspruch 1, in der die Mittel zur Messung einer den Strom abbildenden Größe Mittel (40) zur Messung des durch den Strom (I) in den magnetischen Teilen (32, 34) induzierten magnetischen Flusses (Φ) umfassen.
  3. Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, in der das zweite Teil (34) U-förmig und das erste Teil (32) plättchenförmig ausgebildet sind.
  4. Elektrisches Gerät (10) mit mindestens zwei relativ zueinander bewegbaren Kontakten (14, 16), einem elektromagnetischen Betätigungsglied (20) zur Betätigung der Kontakte (14, 16), das eine Spule (22) mit steuerbaren Stromversorgungsmitteln (44, 46) umfasst, sowie einer Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, die mit einem leitenden Träger (18) eines beweglichen Kontakts (14) des Schützes (10) sowie mit den Stromversorgungsmitteln (46, 48) der Spule (22) verbunden ist.
  5. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spule (22) mehrere, in Reihe geschaltete Wicklungen (22A, 22B) umfasst und die Stromversorgungsmittel der Spule (22) Unterbrechermittel (46) umfassen, mit denen mindestens eine der Wicklungen (22A) abgeschaltet werden kann.
  6. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 5, bei dem die Unterbrechermittel einen Transistor (46) und die Verarbeitungsmittel die Aussendung eines Signals zum Sperren des Transistors (46) umfassen.
  7. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 4, bei dem die Stromversorgungsmittel der Spule (22) eine Regeleinrichtung (48) umfassen, mit deren Hilfe die Versorgungsspannung der Spule (22) moduliert werden kann.
  8. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 7, bei dem die Verarbeitungsmittel (44) Mittel umfassen, mit denen die Modulationsfrequenz der Versorgungsspannung der Spule (22) verändert werden kann.
  9. Elektrisches Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8 mit einer, zwei bewegbare Kontakte (16) tragenden beweglichen Kontaktbrücke (18), zwei feststehenden Kontakten (14), einer Kontaktträgeranordnung (24), die der beweglichen Kontaktbrücke zugeordnet und mit dem beweglichen Teil des elektromagnetischen Betätigungsglieds (20) verbunden ist, wobei das zweite Teil (34) der Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation (30) der Kontaktträgeranordnung (24) zugeordnet ist und das erste Teil (32) auf der Kontaktbrücke (18) aufliegt.
EP10354027.4A 2009-07-01 2010-06-01 Steuerung über eine Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation einer Rückstosskraft und Schaltschutz mit einer solchen Vorrichtung Not-in-force EP2270829B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0903217A FR2947667A1 (fr) 2009-07-01 2009-07-01 Asservissement via un dispositif de compensation magnetique des forces de repulsion et contacteur comprenant un tel dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2270829A1 EP2270829A1 (de) 2011-01-05
EP2270829B1 true EP2270829B1 (de) 2014-06-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10354027.4A Not-in-force EP2270829B1 (de) 2009-07-01 2010-06-01 Steuerung über eine Einrichtung zur magnetischen Kompensation einer Rückstosskraft und Schaltschutz mit einer solchen Vorrichtung

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP2270829B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101944442B (de)
FR (1) FR2947667A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2979474B1 (fr) * 2011-08-26 2013-09-27 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de contacts de puissance a compensation electrodynamique
FR3007888B1 (fr) * 2013-06-27 2015-07-17 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Contacteur electrique et procede de commande d'un tel contacteur
KR20180094247A (ko) * 2017-02-15 2018-08-23 삼성전자주식회사 복수의 렌즈 배럴들을 포함하는 카메라 모듈
FR3100376B1 (fr) * 2019-09-03 2021-09-10 Alstom Transp Tech Dispositif de commutation électrique et véhicule comprenant un tel dispositif
FR3117664A1 (fr) 2020-12-16 2022-06-17 Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) Dispositif de commutation électromécanique d’un circuit électrique de puissance

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3887888A (en) 1973-04-04 1975-06-03 Arrow Hart Inc High current switch
FR2517463A1 (fr) * 1981-11-30 1983-06-03 Telemecanique Electrique Contacteur muni de moyens d'auto-protection contre les effets des forces de repulsion entre les contacts, et son association a un organe de coupure et de limitation des courants de court-circuit
FR2559307B1 (fr) * 1984-02-03 1986-06-13 Telemecanique Electrique Contact equipe d'un compensateur magnetique autoliberable a partir d'un seuil de force de compensation, et contacteur-disjoncteur utilisant un tel contact
FR2559308B1 (fr) * 1984-02-03 1986-10-17 Telemecanique Electrique Contact equipe d'un compensateur magnetique avec seuil de liberation reglable et contacteur-disjoncteur utilisant un tel contact
DE4205204C2 (de) * 1992-02-20 1994-12-22 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Schaltschützes und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19532762A1 (de) * 1995-09-05 1997-03-06 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetisches Laststromrelais und Anordnung eines derartigen Relais auf einer Leiterplatte
US5652416A (en) * 1995-11-22 1997-07-29 Onan Corporation Mechanically held electrically or manually operated switch
US5959517A (en) 1998-07-21 1999-09-28 Eaton Corporation Fault current tolerable contactor
DE60143410D1 (de) * 2001-08-02 2010-12-16 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Luftunterbrecherschalter
FR2829869B1 (fr) * 2001-09-20 2003-10-31 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Appareil electrique interrupteur muni d'un dispositif de commutation de contact

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Publication number Publication date
CN101944442B (zh) 2014-12-17
EP2270829A1 (de) 2011-01-05
CN101944442A (zh) 2011-01-12
FR2947667A1 (fr) 2011-01-07

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