EP3347196B1 - Method for three-dimensional shaping of material - Google Patents

Method for three-dimensional shaping of material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3347196B1
EP3347196B1 EP16767162.7A EP16767162A EP3347196B1 EP 3347196 B1 EP3347196 B1 EP 3347196B1 EP 16767162 A EP16767162 A EP 16767162A EP 3347196 B1 EP3347196 B1 EP 3347196B1
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Prior art keywords
deep
piston
die
reshaping
during
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EP16767162.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3347196A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Haug
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Pester Pac Automation GmbH
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Pester Pac Automation GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/0077—Shaping by methods analogous to moulding, e.g. deep drawing techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/008—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling, closing, rim-rolling or corrugating; Fixing elements to tube ends
    • B31F1/0087—Rim-rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/59—Shaping sheet material under pressure
    • B31B50/592—Shaping sheet material under pressure using punches or dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/36—Moistening and heating webs to facilitate mechanical deformation and drying deformed webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B47/00—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved
    • B65B47/04—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved by application of mechanical pressure
    • B65B47/06—Apparatus or devices for forming pockets or receptacles in or from sheets, blanks, or webs, comprising essentially a die into which the material is pressed or a folding die through which the material is moved by application of mechanical pressure using folding dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/59—Shaping sheet material under pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the three-dimensional reshaping of flat material made of, in particular, natural fibers, such as paper or cardboard, with a piston and a sleeve-shaped counterpart into which the material is drawn.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a forming process with which this uncontrolled formation of wrinkles is avoided.
  • a possibility is created to produce a complex final contour with an increased deformation ratio that is dimensionally stable and dimensionally stable.
  • this object is achieved in that the diameter of the deep-drawing piston plus the material thickness of the material to be deep-drawn corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the die at any point in time and that the die is sleeve-shaped, with a conical configuration.
  • the diameter of the deep-drawing piston plus the material thickness of the material to be deep-drawn i.e. the diameter of the piston plus twice the material thickness
  • the diameter of the piston plus twice the material thickness corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the die at every point in time during the deep-drawing process
  • the wrinkles in the material that occur during deep-drawing are evenly and finely distributed .
  • conical shapes can be deep-drawn directly.
  • the fold holder presses against the flat material with a variable pressure, the fold holder being able to press spring-loaded against the flat material and / or the pressure of the fold holder acting against the flat material can be controlled or regulated .
  • the diameter of the die can be changed.
  • the diameter of the die is not limited to circular deep drawing. Rather, all conceivable forms are possible. This includes circular, oval, polygonal, angular, etc.
  • the die is made up of segments that can be moved relative to one another.
  • the deep-drawing piston is conical.
  • the drawing gap can always be kept constant.
  • Another very advantageous embodiment of the invention is also present when the diameter of the deep-drawing piston can be changed, segments which can be moved relative to one another can be provided.
  • a deep-drawing piston with a variable diameter can be used very well with a conical die.
  • One possibility for changing the diameter of the deep-drawing piston is a structure made up of segments that can be adjusted relative to one another.
  • the shape and / or dimensions of the deep-drawing piston can be changed by means of internal pressure, the pressure being able to be built up by means of compressed air or a hydraulic medium.
  • Such a deep-drawing piston can be used both with a conical matrix and with a matrix that can be changed in diameter.
  • a counter-punch is provided in the axial direction of the deep-drawing piston, which presses the material against the deep-drawing piston during the forming process, the counter-punch being variable and controllable.
  • the material is reliably guided during forming, so that no uncontrolled movements of the material can occur.
  • the holding force can be adjusted very precisely.
  • a calibration device is provided in which the reshaped material is pressed against the piston.
  • the material is moistened at least on one side before, during and / or after the reshaping and / or calibration.
  • the material is heated before, during and / or after the forming and / or before and / or during the calibration.
  • the temperature and / or the processing moisture of the material is selected or set depending on the material used.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the material is or will be provided with a plastic layer on at least one side.
  • the fiber-containing material is thus effectively protected against internal and / or external influences.
  • the open end is folded over to form a sealing edge.
  • the created container can thus be closed in a simple manner after it has been filled.
  • the sealing edge is additionally compressed, it being possible for the compression to take place with the supply of heat and / or after previous moistening.
  • 1 designates a device with which paper or cardboard or fiber-containing material 2 can be reshaped from a flat-lying state into a cup-shaped or bowl-shaped state.
  • the device 1 has a piston 3 and, in this exemplary embodiment, a conical, sleeve-shaped die 4, which acts as the opposite of the piston 3.
  • the material 2 is pressed into the die 4 by the piston 3.
  • the material 2 is pressed by a fold holder 5 against the upper side of the die 4 so that it can only slide in a controlled manner when it enters the die 4.
  • the piston 3 is designed to be variable. Either this is composed of segments so that the respective diameter of the piston 3 can be changed by moving the segments to one another, or the piston 3 can be changed in size and / or shape by applying compressed air or a hydraulic medium.
  • the diameter of the piston 3 at any point in time corresponds at least approximately to the respective diameter of the die 4 minus twice the thickness of the material 2, so that the piston 3, the material 2 and the die 4 are in close contact with one another. At most, there should be a small gap. However, it is also conceivable that the piston 3 presses the material 2 slightly against the inside of the die 4.
  • the result is a smooth surface in the walls of the deep-drawn paper or cardboard object.
  • a conical piston 23 is provided and that the die 24 adapts its diameter to the respective position of the piston 23.
  • the die 24 can, for example, be constructed from segments that can be moved relative to one another.
  • the fold holder can press against the flat material 2 in a spring-loaded manner.
  • a hydraulic, electromechanical or other type of contact pressure which is designed to be controllable or regulatable.
  • a combination between spring loading and controlled or regulated hydraulics / pneumatics / actuators is also conceivable.
  • the material 2 is reshaped in the base area between the piston 3 and the counter punch 6 itself.
  • the stamping by the piston 3 and the counter punch 6 takes place before the actual forming process.
  • the piston 3 and the counter punch 6 can already close under the force of the pleat holder and introduce the embossing.
  • a pulling process is carried out contrary to the actual pulling deformation, whereby the scope with regard to the degree of deformation and design of the bottom is expanded.
  • the formed part 7 is moved into a calibration device 8 from the piston 3, where the wall area is pressed against the piston 3 and the small and finely divided folds formed are leveled out.
  • the finished formed part 7 is ejected from the counter punch 6 after the piston 3 has been raised.
  • the upper wall area can be expanded or an edge flange can be formed.
  • This edge flange can either be converted into a flat sealing edge or also into a top curl.
  • the material 2 can be moistened on one or both sides before the forming or also during this process.
  • Heating is also possible, with radiation heating for the material or heating of the forming tools being conceivable.
  • a coating, impregnation or other treatment of the material, for example with a plastic, is also possible in order to improve the tightness of the finished part 7, it being possible for this coating to be carried out on the inside or outside or on both sides.
  • a coating or treatment can also influence the deep-drawing process.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum dreidimensionalen Umformen von flächigem Material aus insbesondere Naturfasern, wie z.B. Papier oder Karton, mit einem Kolben und einem büchsenförmigen Gegenteil, in welches das Material hinein gezogen wird.The invention relates to a method for the three-dimensional reshaping of flat material made of, in particular, natural fibers, such as paper or cardboard, with a piston and a sleeve-shaped counterpart into which the material is drawn.

Bei derartigen Umformverfahren bilden sich unkontrollierte Falten in unterschiedlicher Größe, die im Nachhinein nicht mehr korrigierbar sind, aber das Erscheinungsbild des fertigen Gegenstandes und eventuell sogar die Formstabilität, Festigkeit und Dichtigkeit im Randbereich erheblich beeinträchtigen.With such forming processes, uncontrolled folds of different sizes form, which can no longer be corrected afterwards, but considerably impair the appearance of the finished object and possibly even the dimensional stability, strength and tightness in the edge area.

Aus der US-A-3,695,084 und der US-A-4,228,121 sind beispielsweise Vorrichtungen und das jeweils zugehörige Verfahren der genannten Art zum Tiefziehen bekannt.From the US-A-3,695,084 and the US-A-4,228,121 For example, devices and the respective associated method of the type mentioned for deep drawing are known.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Umform-Verfahren vorzuschlagen, mit dem diese unkontrollierte Faltenbildung vermieden wird. Zudem wird eine Möglichkeit geschaffen, eine komplexe Endkontur mit erhöhtem Umformverhältnis formstabil und formhaltig herzustellen.The invention is based on the object of proposing a forming process with which this uncontrolled formation of wrinkles is avoided. In addition, a possibility is created to produce a complex final contour with an increased deformation ratio that is dimensionally stable and dimensionally stable.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Durchmesser des Tiefziehkolbens zuzüglich der Materialdicke des tiefzuziehenden Materials zu jedem Zeitpunkt des Tiefziehvorganges wenigstens annähernd dem Durchmesser der Matrize entspricht und daß die Matrize hülsenförmig ausgebildet ist, wobei diese eine konische Ausgestaltung aufweist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the diameter of the deep-drawing piston plus the material thickness of the material to be deep-drawn corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the die at any point in time and that the die is sleeve-shaped, with a conical configuration.

Dadurch, daß zu jedem Zeitpunkt des Tiefziehvorganges der Durchmesser des Tiefziehkolbens zuzüglich der Materialdicke des tiefzuziehenden Materials, im Querschnitt also Durchmesser des Kolbens, zuzüglich zweimal Materialdicke, dem Durchmesser der Matrize wenigstens annähernd entspricht, werden die beim Tiefziehen entstehenden Falten im Material gleichmäßig und fein verteilt. Zudem lassen sich direkt konische Formen tiefziehen.Because the diameter of the deep-drawing piston plus the material thickness of the material to be deep-drawn, i.e. the diameter of the piston plus twice the material thickness, corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the die at every point in time during the deep-drawing process, the wrinkles in the material that occur during deep-drawing are evenly and finely distributed . In addition, conical shapes can be deep-drawn directly.

Dabei hat es sich als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Material zwischen der Matrize und einem sogenannten Faltenhalter eingeklemmt wird, wodurch das Material beim Umformen gezielt nachrutschen kann.It has proven to be very advantageous if the material is clamped between the die and a so-called fold holder, so that the material can slide in a targeted manner during forming.

Damit wird das Tiefziehergebnis nochmals verbessert. Unter anderem kann die Faltenverteilung nochmals verbessert werden.This further improves the deep-drawing result. Among other things, the distribution of wrinkles can be further improved.

Äußerst vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn der Faltenhalter mit einem variablen Druck gegen das flächige Material drückt, wobei der Faltenhalter federbelastet gegen das flächige Material drücken kann und/oder der gegen das flächige Material wirkende Druck des Faltenhalters steuer- bzw. regelbar sein kann.It is extremely advantageous in this context if the fold holder presses against the flat material with a variable pressure, the fold holder being able to press spring-loaded against the flat material and / or the pressure of the fold holder acting against the flat material can be controlled or regulated .

Dadurch wird das Nachrutschen des Materials exakt bestimmt und gesteuert.This precisely determines and controls the slipping of the material.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es sehr vorteilhaft, wenn der Durchmesser der Matrize veränderbar ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is very advantageous if the diameter of the die can be changed.

Durch das Verändern des Durchmessers der Matrize kann auch konisch tiefgezogen werden. Der Durchmesser ist dabei nicht nur auf kreisförmiges Tiefziehen beschränkt. Vielmehr sind alle denkbaren Formen möglich. Hierzu gehört eben kreisförmig, oval, vieleckig, eckig usw.By changing the diameter of the die, it is also possible to deep-draw conically. The diameter is not limited to circular deep drawing. Rather, all conceivable forms are possible. This includes circular, oval, polygonal, angular, etc.

Dabei hat es sich als äußerst vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Matrize aus Segmenten aufgebaut ist, die zueinander bewegbar sind.It has proven to be extremely advantageous if the die is made up of segments that can be moved relative to one another.

Hierdurch kann der Durchmesser auf einfache Art und Weise verändert werden.This allows the diameter to be changed in a simple manner.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es sehr vorteilhaft, wenn der Tiefziehkolben konisch ausgebildet ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is very advantageous if the deep-drawing piston is conical.

In Kombination mit einer im Durchmesser veränderbaren Matrize kann so der Ziehspalt immer konstant gehalten werden.In combination with a die that can be changed in diameter, the drawing gap can always be kept constant.

Eine weitere sehr vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt auch dann vor, wenn der Tiefziehkolben hinsichtlich seines Durchmessers veränderbar ist, wobei Segmente vorgesehen sein können, die zueinander bewegbar sind.Another very advantageous embodiment of the invention is also present when the diameter of the deep-drawing piston can be changed, segments which can be moved relative to one another can be provided.

Ein Tiefziehkolben mit veränderbarem Durchmesser kann bei einer konischen Matrize sehr gut eingesetzt werden. Eine Möglichkeit zur Veränderbarkeit des Durchmessers des Tiefziehkolbens ist ein Aufbau aus zueinander verstellbaren Segmenten.A deep-drawing piston with a variable diameter can be used very well with a conical die. One possibility for changing the diameter of the deep-drawing piston is a structure made up of segments that can be adjusted relative to one another.

Äußerst vorteilhaft ist es erfindunsgemäß auch, wenn der Tiefziehkolben durch inneren Druck in seiner Form und/oder seinen Abmessungen veränderbar ist, wobei der Druck mittels Druckluft oder einem Hydraulikmedium aufgebaut werden kann.According to the invention, it is also extremely advantageous if the shape and / or dimensions of the deep-drawing piston can be changed by means of internal pressure, the pressure being able to be built up by means of compressed air or a hydraulic medium.

Damit wird ebenfalls der Ziehspalt konstant gehalten. Ein solcher Tiefziehkolben kann sowohl bei einer konischem Martrize als auch bei einer im Durchmesser veränderbaren Matrize eingesetzt werden.This also keeps the drawing gap constant. Such a deep-drawing piston can be used both with a conical matrix and with a matrix that can be changed in diameter.

Erfindungsgemäß hat es sich auch als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn in Achsrichtung zum Tiefziehkolben ein Gegenstempel vorgesehen ist, welcher das Material während des Umformens gegen den Tiefziehkolben drückt, wobei der Gegenstempel variabel und regelbar ausgebildet sein kann.According to the invention, it has also proven to be very advantageous if a counter-punch is provided in the axial direction of the deep-drawing piston, which presses the material against the deep-drawing piston during the forming process, the counter-punch being variable and controllable.

Dadurch wird das Material beim Umformen zuverlässig geführt, so dass keine unkontrollierten Bewegungen des Materials eintreten können. Die Haltekraft kann sehr genau eingestellt werden.As a result, the material is reliably guided during forming, so that no uncontrolled movements of the material can occur. The holding force can be adjusted very precisely.

Des weiteren ist es sehr vorteilhaft, wenn erfindungsgemäß eine Kalibriereinrichtung vorgesehen ist, in welcher das umgeformte Material gegen den Kolben gepresst wird.Furthermore, it is very advantageous if, according to the invention, a calibration device is provided in which the reshaped material is pressed against the piston.

Dadurch können die beim Umformen entstehenden kleinen Falten auf einfache Weise egalisiert werden.As a result, the small wrinkles that arise during the forming process can be leveled out in a simple manner.

Als ebenfalls sehr vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, wenn gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung das Material vor, während und/oder nach dem Umformen und/oder Kalibrieren wenigstens einseitig angefeuchtet wird.It has also proven to be very advantageous if, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the material is moistened at least on one side before, during and / or after the reshaping and / or calibration.

Durch dieses Anfeuchten wird die Umformbarkeit und Kalibrierbarkeit des Materials ganz erheblich verbessert.This moistening significantly improves the formability and calibratability of the material.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Material vor, während und/oder nach dem Umformen und/oder vor und/oder während dem Kalibrieren beheizt wird.According to an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the material is heated before, during and / or after the forming and / or before and / or during the calibration.

Auch hierdurch wird die Umformbarkeit und Kalibrierbarkeit des Materials erheblich gesteigert.This also significantly increases the formability and calibratability of the material.

Dabei hat es sich als sehr vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Temperatur und/oder die Verarbeitungsfeuchte des Materials abhängig vom verwendeten Material gewählt bzw. eingestellt wird.It has proven to be very advantageous if, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature and / or the processing moisture of the material is selected or set depending on the material used.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt darin, dass das Material wenigstens einseitig mit einer Kunststoffschicht versehen ist oder wird.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the material is or will be provided with a plastic layer on at least one side.

Damit ist das faserhaltige Material gegen innere und/oder äußere Einflüsse wirksam geschützt.The fiber-containing material is thus effectively protected against internal and / or external influences.

Sehr günstig ist es auch, wenn gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die sich beim Umformen bildenden feinverteilten Falten verpresst werden.It is also very favorable if, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the finely divided folds that form during the shaping are pressed.

Damit kann eine sehr glatte Oberfläche des umgeformten Teils erzielt werden.In this way, a very smooth surface of the formed part can be achieved.

Sehr vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung das offene Ende zu einem Siegelrand umgelegt wird.It is also very advantageous if, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the open end is folded over to form a sealing edge.

Damit kann der geschaffene Behälter nach seinem Befüllen auf einfache Weise verschlossen werden.The created container can thus be closed in a simple manner after it has been filled.

Äußerst vorteilhaft ist es erfindungsgemäß auch, wenn der Siegelrand zusätzlich verdichtet wird, wobei die Verdichtung unter Zufuhr von Wärme und/oder nach vorangehendem Anfeuchten erfolgen kann.According to the invention, it is also extremely advantageous if the sealing edge is additionally compressed, it being possible for the compression to take place with the supply of heat and / or after previous moistening.

Hierdurch wird ein sehr glatter und gleichmäßiger Siegelrand geschaffen, der auch gute Festigkeitswerte aufweist.This creates a very smooth and even sealing edge that also has good strength values.

Es sind jedoch auch andere Ausgestaltungen des offenen Endes denkbar; beispielsweise ist die Bildung einer sogenannten Mundrolle möglich.However, other configurations of the open end are also conceivable; for example, the formation of a so-called top curl is possible.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels veranschaulich.The invention is illustrated in the drawing using an exemplary embodiment.

Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung des Ablaufs des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit konischer Matritze, und
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung des Ablaufs des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit veränderlicher Matritze.
Show:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of the sequence of the method according to the invention with a conical die, and
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the sequence of the method according to the invention with a variable die.

Mit 1 ist eine Vorrichtung bezeichnet, mit der Papier oder Karton bzw. faserhaltiges Material 2 von einem flachliegenden Zustand in einen becher- oder schalenförmigen Zustand umgeformt werden kann.1 designates a device with which paper or cardboard or fiber-containing material 2 can be reshaped from a flat-lying state into a cup-shaped or bowl-shaped state.

Die Vorrichtung 1 weist einen Kolben 3, sowie eine in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel konisch büchsenförmig ausgebildete Matritze 4 auf, die als Gegenteil des Kolbens 3 wirkt. Das Material 2 wird vom Kolben 3 in die Matritze 4 hineingedrückt. Dabei wird das Material 2 von einem Faltenhalter 5 gegen die Oberseite der Matritze 4 gepresst, so daß es beim Einfahren in die Matritze 4 nur kontrolliert nachrutschen kann.The device 1 has a piston 3 and, in this exemplary embodiment, a conical, sleeve-shaped die 4, which acts as the opposite of the piston 3. The material 2 is pressed into the die 4 by the piston 3. The material 2 is pressed by a fold holder 5 against the upper side of the die 4 so that it can only slide in a controlled manner when it enters the die 4.

Der Kolben 3 ist veränderlich ausgebildet. Entweder ist dieser aus Segmenten zusammengesetzt, so daß der jeweilige Durchmesser des Kolbens 3 durch Verfahren der Segmente zueinander verändert werden kann, oder aber der Kolben 3 ist durch Beaufschlagung mit Druckluft oder einem Hydraulikmedium hinsichtlich Größe und/oder Form veränderbar.The piston 3 is designed to be variable. Either this is composed of segments so that the respective diameter of the piston 3 can be changed by moving the segments to one another, or the piston 3 can be changed in size and / or shape by applying compressed air or a hydraulic medium.

Andere Ausgestaltungen des Kolbens 3 sind denkbar.Other configurations of the piston 3 are conceivable.

Wesentlich ist, daß der Durchmesser des Kolbens 3 zu jedem Zeitpunkt wenigstens annährend dem jeweiligen Durchmesser der Matritze 4 abzüglich der doppelten Stärke des Materials 2 entspricht, so daß der Kolben 3, das Material 2 und die Matritze 4 eng aneinander anliegen. Es soll höchstens ein kleiner Spalt entstehen. Es ist aber auch denkbar, daß der Kolben 3 das Material 2 gegen die Innenseite der Matritze 4 geringfügig presst.It is essential that the diameter of the piston 3 at any point in time corresponds at least approximately to the respective diameter of the die 4 minus twice the thickness of the material 2, so that the piston 3, the material 2 and the die 4 are in close contact with one another. At most, there should be a small gap. However, it is also conceivable that the piston 3 presses the material 2 slightly against the inside of the die 4.

Durch Kombination dieser Abmessungen und dem Faltenhalter 5 wird sichergestellt, daß nicht nur kleine und gleichmäßig verteilte Falten beim Tiefziehen des Materials 2 entstehen, sondern diese auch wenigstens weitgehend egalisiert werden. Ist der Kolben 3 in Bezug auf die Matritze 4 geringfügig kleiner, so ist es auch denkbar, daß der hergestellte Gegenstand 7, das umgeformte Teil, nach dem Umformvorgang nochmals kalibriert wird und dabei die fein verteilten Falten verpresst werden.By combining these dimensions and the fold holder 5, it is ensured that not only do small and evenly distributed folds arise during deep-drawing of the material 2, but that these are also at least largely leveled out. If the piston 3 is slightly smaller in relation to the die 4, it is also conceivable that the manufactured object 7, the formed part, is calibrated again after the forming process and the finely distributed folds are pressed.

Das Ergebnis ist eine glatte Oberfläche in den Wänden des aus Papier bzw. Karton tiefgezogenen Gegenstandes.The result is a smooth surface in the walls of the deep-drawn paper or cardboard object.

Mittels der konisch ausgebildeten Matritze 4 und einem daran angepassten Kolben 3 wird direkt ein Gegenstand mit konisch verlaufenden Wänden hergestellt.By means of the conical die 4 and a piston 3 adapted to it, an object with conical walls is produced directly.

Wie im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt ist es auch denkbar, daß ein konischer Kolben 23 vorgesehen ist, und die Matritze 24 ihren Durchmesser an die jeweilige Position des Kolbens 23 anpasst.As shown in the second exemplary embodiment, it is also conceivable that a conical piston 23 is provided and that the die 24 adapts its diameter to the respective position of the piston 23.

Hierzu kann die Matritze 24 beispielsweise aus gegeneinander verfahrbaren Segmenten aufgebaut sein.For this purpose, the die 24 can, for example, be constructed from segments that can be moved relative to one another.

Der Faltenhalter kann dabei federbelastet gegen das flächige Material 2 drücken. Es ist aber auch möglich eine hydraulische, elektromechanische oder anderweitige Anpressung vorzusehen, die steuer- bzw. regelbar ausgestaltet ist. Eine Kombination zwischen Federbelastung und gesteuerter bzw. geregelter Hydraulik / Pneumatik / Aktuatoren ist ebenfalls denkbar.The fold holder can press against the flat material 2 in a spring-loaded manner. However, it is also possible to provide a hydraulic, electromechanical or other type of contact pressure which is designed to be controllable or regulatable. A combination between spring loading and controlled or regulated hydraulics / pneumatics / actuators is also conceivable.

Ein Gegenstempel 6, der in Achsrichtung des Kolbens 3 angeordnet ist, drückt von unten her gegen das Material 2, so dass kein Material aus dem Bodenbereich in den umzuformenden Wandbereich fließen kann. Es ist jedoch möglich, dass das Material 2 im Bodenbereich zwischen dem Kolben 3 und dem Gegenstempel 6 selbst umgeformt wird. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang auch denkbar, daß die Prägung durch den Kolben 3 und den Gegenstempel 6 vor dem eigentlichen Umformvorgang erfolgt. Dabei können Kolben 3 und Gegenstempel 6 bereits unter Faltenhalterkraft schließen und die Prägung einbringen. Dabei wird ein Ziehvorgang entgegen der eigentlichen ziehenden Umformung vorgenommen, wodurch der Spielraum hinsichtlich Umformgrad und Ausgestaltung des Bodens erweitert wird.A counter punch 6, which is arranged in the axial direction of the piston 3, presses against the material 2 from below, so that no material can flow from the bottom area into the wall area to be reshaped. However, it is possible that the material 2 is reshaped in the base area between the piston 3 and the counter punch 6 itself. In this context, it is also conceivable that the stamping by the piston 3 and the counter punch 6 takes place before the actual forming process. In this case, the piston 3 and the counter punch 6 can already close under the force of the pleat holder and introduce the embossing. In this case, a pulling process is carried out contrary to the actual pulling deformation, whereby the scope with regard to the degree of deformation and design of the bottom is expanded.

Es ist auch denkbar, daß nach dem Umformen das gebildete Teil 7 in eine Kalibriereinrichtung 8 vom Kolben 3 bewegt, wo der Wandbereich gegen den Kolben 3 gepresst wird und dabei die gebildeten kleinen und feinverteilten Falten egalisiert werden.It is also conceivable that after reshaping, the formed part 7 is moved into a calibration device 8 from the piston 3, where the wall area is pressed against the piston 3 and the small and finely divided folds formed are leveled out.

Zudem ist es denkbar, daß das Material nach dem Umformen besäumt wird.In addition, it is conceivable that the material is trimmed after forming.

Nach dem Kalibrieren wird das fertig umgeformte Teil 7 nach dem Hochfahren des Kolbens 3 vom Gegenstempel 6 ausgestoßen.After the calibration, the finished formed part 7 is ejected from the counter punch 6 after the piston 3 has been raised.

Auch ein Abziehen des Gegenstandes 7 von oben mit Hebern oder Saugern ist denkbar.It is also conceivable to pull the object 7 off from above with lifters or suckers.

Wird der Umformvorgang über Kopf ausgeführt kann auch die Schwerkraft für ein Herausfallen der erzeugten Gegenstände 7 sorgen.If the forming process is carried out upside down, gravity can also ensure that the objects 7 produced fall out.

Während dieses Kalibrierens, vorher oder nachher kann der obere Wandbereich aufgeweitet werden oder ein Randflansch geformt werden. Dieser Randflansch kann entweder in einen flachen Siegelrand oder auch in eine Mundrolle überführt werden.During this calibration, before or afterwards, the upper wall area can be expanded or an edge flange can be formed. This edge flange can either be converted into a flat sealing edge or also into a top curl.

Zur Verbesserung des Umformergebnisses kann das Material 2 vor dem Umformen oder auch während dieses Prozesses ein oder beidseitig angefeuchtet werden.To improve the forming result, the material 2 can be moistened on one or both sides before the forming or also during this process.

Auch eine Beheizung ist möglich, wobei eine Strahlungsheizung für das Material oder eine Beheizung der Umform-Werkzeuge denkbar ist.Heating is also possible, with radiation heating for the material or heating of the forming tools being conceivable.

Eine Beschichtung, Imprägnierung oder anderweitige Behandlung des Materials beispielsweise mit einem Kunststoff ist zur Verbesserung der Dichtigkeit des fertigen Teils 7 ebenfalls möglich, wobei diese Beschichtung innen oder außen oder auch beidseitig vorgenommen werden kann.A coating, impregnation or other treatment of the material, for example with a plastic, is also possible in order to improve the tightness of the finished part 7, it being possible for this coating to be carried out on the inside or outside or on both sides.

Eine Beschichtung bzw. Behandlung kann auch den Tiefziehvorgang beeinflussen.A coating or treatment can also influence the deep-drawing process.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for three-dimensional reshaping of flat material of natural fibres, namely paper or cardboard, with a deep-drawing piston (3, 23) and a die (4, 24) through which or into which the material is drawn, wherein the die is of sleeve-shaped construction and wherein this has a conical form, characterised in that the diameter of the deep-drawing piston (3, 23) plus the material thickness of the material to be deep drawn corresponds at any point in time of the deep-drawing process at least approximately to the diameter of the die (4, 24).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the material is clamped between the die (4, 24) and a so-called fold holder (5), whereby the material can descend in targeted manner during reshaping.
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that the fold holder (5) presses by a variable pressure against the flat material, wherein the fold holder (5) can be urged with spring-loading against the flat material and/or the pressure, which acts against the flat material, of the fold holder (5) can be controlled or regulated.
  4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an opposing ram (6) is provided in axial direction with respect to the deep-drawing piston (3, 23) and presses the material against the deep-drawing piston (3, 23) during the reshaping, wherein the opposing ram (6) can be configured to be variable and regulable.
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a calibrating device (8), in which the reshaped material (7) is pressed against the piston (3, 23), is provided.
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the material is moistened at at least one side before, during and/or after the reshaping and/or calibration and that the processing moisture of the material is selected or set in dependence on the material used.
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the material is heated before, during and/or after the reshaping and/or before and/or during the calibration and that the temperature of the material is selected or set in dependence on the material used.
  8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the material is provided at at least one side with a plastics material coating.
  9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the finely divided folds forming during the reshaping are pressed.
  10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the open end is folded over to form a sealing edge.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the sealing edge is additionally compressed, wherein the compression is carried out in conjunction with feed of heat and/or after preceding moistening.
EP16767162.7A 2015-09-10 2016-09-04 Method for three-dimensional shaping of material Active EP3347196B1 (en)

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DE102015115251.7A DE102015115251A1 (en) 2015-09-10 2015-09-10 Method for three-dimensional forming of material
PCT/EP2016/070789 WO2017042108A1 (en) 2015-09-10 2016-09-04 Method for three-dimensional shaping of material

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US11084242B2 (en) 2021-08-10
EP3347196A1 (en) 2018-07-18
DE102015115251A1 (en) 2017-03-16
US20180264768A1 (en) 2018-09-20
WO2017042108A1 (en) 2017-03-16

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