EP3345267B1 - Ensemble éclateur - Google Patents

Ensemble éclateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3345267B1
EP3345267B1 EP16738437.9A EP16738437A EP3345267B1 EP 3345267 B1 EP3345267 B1 EP 3345267B1 EP 16738437 A EP16738437 A EP 16738437A EP 3345267 B1 EP3345267 B1 EP 3345267B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
chamber
spark gap
wall
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16738437.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3345267A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang DÄUMER
Frank Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
TDK Electronics AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3345267A1 publication Critical patent/EP3345267A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3345267B1 publication Critical patent/EP3345267B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • a spark In the case of a spark gap, a spark is generated in a discharge space between two electrodes, which short-circuits the electrodes as soon as the voltage between the two electrodes rises to a flashover voltage.
  • an ignition mechanism triggers the spark formation.
  • the discharge space can be shaped by a hollow cylindrical component body, for example made of ceramic, and electrodes arranged on the end face which form a chamber.
  • spark gaps for the function and use of spark gaps, in particular triggered spark gaps, it is desirable that their switching behavior is not only reliable when the spark gap is new, but also remains stable and reliable over the course of its entire service life.
  • the pre-igniters can be promoted by vapor deposition of the component body by metal deposited by the electrodes. This creates the isolation between the electrodes are reduced with advancing age of the spark gap and pre-igniters are favored.
  • the invention described is intended to achieve a significant reduction in the undesired pre-igniters even as the service life of the arrangement progresses.
  • the pamphlets GB 1 389 142 A and JP 2006-024423 A show spark gaps with depressions in the component body inner wall.
  • the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes and the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body and the electrode area protruding into the interior of the chamber is between 0.75 and 1.
  • the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes and the distance between the inner wall of the hollow body and the electrode area protruding into the interior of the chamber is between 1.5 and 2.
  • a hollow body is an essentially tubular body with any, preferably round, cross-section, the diameter of which, however, can be greater than its length.
  • the open ends of the hollow body are the end faces.
  • its lateral surfaces between the end faces do not necessarily only run axially, but also have at least one indentation that runs around the inner surface.
  • the indentation can be a gradation with an area running essentially radially and an area running axially essentially perpendicular thereto. The latter is associated with a change in the internal cross-section of the hollow body and / or a change in thickness of the hollow body wall.
  • Other, for example rounded, cross-sections of the depression are conceivable.
  • the electrodes are electrical conductors that are arranged in the frontal area of the hollow body, so that the electrode and hollow cylinder walls form a chamber that the Discharge space is.
  • the longitudinal axis of the arrangement runs between the electrodes and, in the case of a rotationally symmetrical arrangement, is also the axis of symmetry of the arrangement or at least some of its components.
  • the electrodes are preferably connected to the hollow body in a gas-tight manner. The connection can be such that the electrodes are placed on the end faces of the hollow body without touching the inner jacket. Alternatively, the fastening can take place in such a way that the electrodes also touch the frontal area of the inner jacket. Nevertheless, the chamber is expanded radially in the contact area between the electrodes and the hollow body.
  • the depression in the hollow cylinder on one or both end faces of the chamber creates an area that cannot be reached by metal vapor deposition of the arc discharges in the main electrode gap.
  • the radially or essentially radially extending areas of the depression remain without vapor deposition. Residual insulation between the electrodes along the inner surface of the hollow body can thus be maintained even as the service life progresses.
  • the depression prevents early ignition. With a suitable dimensioning of the depression, the function of the spark gap is still reliable even with a high accumulated number of pulses and highly conductive condensed deposits in other areas of the hollow body and pre-igniters can be prevented. This makes it possible to produce triggered spark gaps with an increased service life.
  • the hollow body preferably has depressions on both end faces, so that between the two transitions Hollow body and electrodes an insulation barrier is present despite possible vapor deposition.
  • This residual insulation between the electrodes creates a so-called "floating potential" on the inner wall of the hollow body between the depressions at the moment when it is slightly covered with a condensed conductive layer resulting from the metallic vapor deposition of the main discharge.
  • the potential is no longer based on the main electrodes on the side, but will be at the center potential between the main electrodes, that is to say at approximately 0 volts or half the self-breakdown voltage.
  • the electrodes can each have an area which protrudes into the interior of the chamber and is, for example, pin-shaped, cylindrical or dome-shaped.
  • the desired course of the sparkover can be directed to the area between the electrode ends, on the other hand, however, this is accompanied by vapor deposition of the central area of the hollow body; however, the vapor deposition decreases in the outer areas of the hollow body.
  • the latter effect can be reinforced if the area protruding into the interior of the chamber has a side area which runs parallel to the inner wall of the hollow body.
  • the area protruding from the end face with indentation into the interior of the chamber extends further into the interior of the chamber than the area protruding from the end face without indentation into the interior of the chamber. This asymmetry reduces the vaporization in the area of the depression.
  • the main distance d is the shortest distance between the electrodes, which usually occurs between the ends of the regions protruding into the chamber.
  • a connection to the wall of the hollow body is optimally decoupled from the main discharge.
  • larger values can also be selected for the ratio d / a, i.e. d / a> 2, in the event that the rear chamber area can be kept largely free with the depression of metal vapor deposition from the main discharge gap. This can be achieved, for example, by means of an elongated chamber.
  • the ratio between the main distance between the electrodes d and the distance a between the inner wall of the hollow body and the region protruding into the interior of the chamber is greater than or equal to 0.75, preferably between 0.75 and 1.
  • the distance a between the inner wall of the hollow body and the region of the electrode protruding into the interior of the chamber and the axial length b of the gradation are preferably the same or almost the same: a ⁇ b. With this dimensioning, no discharge is possible between the inner wall of the hollow body and the end of the hollow body (metallization edge), and any discharge through the wall of the hollow body is prevented.
  • the depression advantageously has a radial depth s which is a maximum of 20% of the wall thickness of the hollow body, see above that the strength of the hollow body material, preferably a ceramic, and thus the resistance to fracture and shearing are not yet or only insignificantly reduced.
  • the ratio of the chamber height to the creepage distance along the hollow body inner jacket of the chamber is advantageously greater than or equal to 0.8, so that the gradation offers sufficient insulation protection.
  • the creepage distance is the shortest path that a possible creepage current can take between the electrodes along the inner shell of the hollow body.
  • the hollow body is a hollow circular cylinder with a recess on at least one end face for forming the depression.
  • the electrodes have a pin-shaped or dome-shaped area protruding into the interior of the chamber.
  • the electrodes have mounting flanges. These are radially extending areas for strengthening on the end faces of the hollow cylinder.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a spark gap arrangement, or spark gap for short.
  • the spark gap comprises a hollow body 1, which is designed as a hollow cylinder made of insulating material and serves as a component body.
  • the hollow body 1 is made of ceramic.
  • the hollow body 1 has an inner wall 3 in which step-shaped depressions 5 are provided on the end face.
  • the depressions 5 are radial incisions in the inner wall 3 of the hollow body 1, which are accompanied by an enlargement of the inner cross-section at the end and a reduction in the wall thickness of the hollow body 1.
  • the area of the hollow body that extends on the inside between the end faces, that is to say the top and bottom surfaces, is referred to below as the inner jacket.
  • the part of the inner jacket between the depressions 5 is referred to below as the inner wall 3.
  • the depression 5 has a radial area 7 and an axial area 9 perpendicular thereto. It should be noted that the depression 5 can have rounded edges, so that a wave-shaped cross section can also result.
  • the depth s of the recess 5 is the distance between the inner wall 3 and the axial region 9.
  • the length of the recess b is the distance between the end face of the hollow cylinder 3 and the radial region 5. The distance between the depressions 5 and thus the height of the inner wall 3 is L.
  • Electrodes 11 are fastened to the end faces of the hollow cylinder 1 and have dome-shaped areas 13 protruding into the hollow cylinder and radially extending fastening flanges 15 for fastening on the end faces of the hollow body 1.
  • the dome-shaped areas 13 have a cylindrical foot area and a rounded end protruding into the chamber.
  • a device 17 for receiving the ignition device and an ignition electrode 19 are provided in one of the electrodes 13. The main distance between the electrodes 11 is d.
  • the electrodes 11 are preferably attached to the hollow body 1 in a gas-tight manner.
  • a central recess for the ignition electrode 19, which protrudes into the dome-shaped area 13, is provided in the upper area of the electrode 11.
  • the hollow cylindrical body 1 and the electrodes 11 form a chamber 23 which serves as a discharge space.
  • the height of the chamber H is equal to the height of the hollow body 1.
  • the length of the depression b corresponds to the distance between the end face of the chamber and the radial region 7. This would be with electrodes lying on the inside of the hollow body (as in Figure 2 shown) is not the case. Nevertheless, due to the depressions 5, the chamber has radial widenings on its end faces.
  • electrodes 11 and hollow bodies 1 of the spark gap are shaped rotationally symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 21.
  • the depressions 5 can be as Punctures be formed.
  • the punctures are made on the inside of the wall from the front face. The punctures reduce the wall thickness in the area of the two hollow body ends by typically 20%, so that the strength of the ceramic and thus the resistance to fractures and shearing are not yet reduced or only insignificantly reduced.
  • an ignition pulse from ignition device 19 causes a sparkover to occur between electrodes 11.
  • Multiple sparks can cause metallic vapor to deposit on the inside of the hollow body during the service life of the spark gap.
  • the depressions 5 on the end faces of the hollow body 1 form an essentially radially extending area 7 which cannot be reached by metal vapor deposition of the arc discharges in the main electrode gap. This region 7, which runs perpendicular to the inner wall 3, remains without vapor deposition. A residual insulation between the electrodes 11 is thus always maintained.
  • the inner wall 3 with the length L running between the depressions 5 is given a so-called "floating potential" at the moment when it is slightly covered with a condensed conductive layer resulting from the metallic vapor deposition of the main discharge.
  • the potential is no longer based on the main electrodes on the side, but will be at the center potential between the main electrodes, that is to say at approximately 0 volts or half the self-breakdown voltage.
  • the distance a between Hollow body inner wall 3 and the electrode wall should have a certain ratio to the main electrode spacing d.
  • a ratio of 1.5 d / a 2 is ideal here, as this optimally decouples the connection to the hollow body wall from the main discharge.
  • higher values d / a> 2 can also be selected, in the event that the rear region of the depression 5 can be largely kept free of metal vapor deposition from the main discharge gap. Since the ceramic hollow body wall is now electrically separated from the lateral fastening flanges 15, no secondary electrical discharge can develop through the ceramic wall.
  • the length b of the depressions 5 is also in a certain ratio to the main discharge gap and should ideally correspond to the distance a between the hollow body inner wall 3 and the electrode wall: b ⁇ a.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
  • the electrodes 11 have depressions 25 in the interior of the chamber, which are adjacent to the vertical inner wall of the depressions 5 or can also touch them (not shown). This construction can enable a more precise assembly.
  • b is the distance between the inner wall 3 and the chamber face.
  • H is the chamber height between the end faces.
  • the Depression 25 of the electrode 11 adjacent to the axial area 9 of the depression 5 means that b can effectively be less than in the case of electrodes without a depression, that is to say that the influence of b in an electrode with a depression 25 does not correspond to the influence of an equally large b in an electrode without Corresponds to recess, but rather corresponds to a smaller b in comparison with an electrode without a recess.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. In order to avoid repetition, the following only focuses on the differences Figure 1 received.
  • the exemplary embodiment has a depression 5 on only one of the end faces. Furthermore, one of the electrodes 11 extends further into the interior than the opposite one. The one that extends further in is the electrode that is attached to the same end face as the recess 5. This is the electrode opposite the ignition device 19, which is also referred to as the counter electrode. The distance between the depressions 5 and the non-adjacent chamber face and thus the height of the inner wall 3 is L.
  • the electrical potential can be conducted from the connected electrode via the wall to the counter electrode.
  • the ratio d / a: 0.75 d / a 1 applies in the ideal case, or also d / a> 1 in the case of ceramics that are in close contact with the electrode cylinders, in order to prevent gas discharge through the ceramics.
  • the insulation via the ceramic wall can be maintained over a long period of time while the spark gap is loaded.
  • the ratio of the chamber height to the creepage distance K should be H / K ⁇ 0.8.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a spark gap.
  • Figure 2 shows with indentation in the hollow cylinder on both ends of the chamber Figure 4 an embodiment with a depression in the hollow cylinder on only one of the end faces. This can be located either on the lower or the upper end face (not shown).
  • the provision of the depressions 5 allows pre-igniters to be prevented and, under the specified dimensioning rules, enables the switching spark gap to still work reliably and prevent pre-igniters, even with a high accumulated number of pulses and relatively well-conducting condensed deposits on the ceramic. This opens up the possibility of producing triggered spark gaps with an increased service life.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional illustration of yet another exemplary embodiment of a spark gap. To avoid repetition, only the differences are discussed below.
  • This is a spark gap with depressions 5 on both end faces of the hollow body 1.
  • the electrode 11 and an ignition device 19 are provided on one end face.
  • a safety element 27 which can also be referred to by the English term “safety bush”, is attached to the counter electrode 11. It is soldered to the electrode after the spark gap has been filled with gas.
  • the depression 5 is marked by a circle.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Ensemble formant éclateur, lequel comprend
    - un corps creux (1) en matériau isolant qui enferme l'axe principal (21) de l'éclateur,
    - deux électrodes (11) qui sont disposées au niveau de zones côté frontal du corps creux (1) de façon à définir un espace de décharge à l'intérieur de la chambre (23) ainsi formée,
    un évidement (5) étant ménagé dans la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux de sorte que la chambre (23) fasse saillie, radialement vers l'extérieur, de la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux sur un seul côté frontal, caractérisé en ce que
    le rapport entre la distance principale (d) entre les électrodes (11) et la distance entre la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux et la zone d'électrode (13) faisant saillie à l'intérieur de la chambre est compris entre 0,75 et 1.
  2. Ensemble formant éclateur, lequel comprend
    - un corps creux (1) en matériau isolant qui enferme l'axe principal (21) de l'éclateur,
    - deux électrodes (11) qui sont disposées au niveau de zones côté frontal du corps creux (1) de façon à définir un espace de décharge à l'intérieur de la chambre (23) ainsi formée,
    des évidements (5) étant ménagés dans la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux de sorte que la chambre (23) fasse saillie de la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux, radialement vers l'extérieur, sur les deux côtés frontaux,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le rapport entre la distance principale (d) entre les électrodes (11) et la distance (a) entre la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux et la zone d'électrode (13) faisant saillie à l'intérieur de la chambre est compris entre 1,5 et 2.
  3. Ensemble formant éclateur selon la revendication 1, la zone d'électrode (13) faisant saillie du côté frontal avec l'évidement (5) jusqu'à l'intérieur de la chambre s'étendant plus à l'intérieur de la chambre que la zone d'électrode (13) faisant saillie du côté frontal sans évidement jusqu'à l'intérieur de la chambre.
  4. Ensemble formant éclateur selon la revendication 3, la zone d'électrode (13) faisant saillie à l'intérieur de la chambre comportant une zone latérale qui s'étend parallèlement à la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux.
  5. Ensemble formant éclateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    la distance entre la paroi intérieure (3) du corps creux et la zone d'électrode (13) faisant saillie à l'intérieur de la chambre et la longueur axiale (b) de l'évidement (5) étant égales ou presque égales.
  6. Ensemble formant éclateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    l'évidement (5) ayant une profondeur radiale (s) qui est égale au maximum à 20 % de l'épaisseur de paroi du corps creux (1).
  7. Ensemble éclateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    le rapport entre la hauteur (H) de la chambre et la ligne de fuite (K) le long du côté intérieur du corps creux de la chambre (23) étant supérieur ou égal à 0,8.
  8. Ensemble formant éclateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    le corps creux (1) étant un cylindre creux à base circulaire pourvu d'un évidement sur au moins un côté frontal pour former l'évidement (5).
  9. Ensemble formant éclateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    les électrodes (11) comportant une zone d'électrode (13) en forme de broche, de cylindre ou de dôme faisant saillie à l'intérieur de la chambre.
  10. Ensemble formant éclateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    les électrodes (11) comportant des brides de fixation (15) permettant de les fixer aux côtés frontaux du corps creux (1).
EP16738437.9A 2015-09-04 2016-07-13 Ensemble éclateur Active EP3345267B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015114846.3A DE102015114846A1 (de) 2015-09-04 2015-09-04 Funkenstreckenanordnung
PCT/EP2016/066648 WO2017036651A1 (fr) 2015-09-04 2016-07-13 Ensemble éclateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3345267A1 EP3345267A1 (fr) 2018-07-11
EP3345267B1 true EP3345267B1 (fr) 2021-09-01

Family

ID=56409617

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16738437.9A Active EP3345267B1 (fr) 2015-09-04 2016-07-13 Ensemble éclateur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10186843B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3345267B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6694951B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015114846A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017036651A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017126371A1 (de) 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 Tdk Electronics Ag Triggerbare Funkenstrecke, Schaltkreis mit triggerbarer Funkenstrecke und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer triggerbaren Funkenstrecke

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE789890A (fr) * 1971-10-12 1973-02-01 Western Electric Co Appareil de protection contre les surtensions, a tube a decharge, et son procede de realisation
US3780350A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-12-18 Gen Signal Corp Surge arrester
GB1389142A (en) * 1973-05-31 1975-04-03 Comtelco Uk Ltd Electrical surge arrestor
US4280098A (en) * 1979-05-25 1981-07-21 Veradyne Corp. Coaxial spark gap switch
DE3218948A1 (de) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-24 Krone Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Ueberspannungsableiter
US4672259A (en) * 1985-10-23 1987-06-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Power spark gap assembly for high current conduction with improved sparkover level control
JP2539464Y2 (ja) * 1992-04-13 1997-06-25 矢崎総業株式会社 ガス入り放電管
ATE360906T1 (de) * 1999-07-09 2007-05-15 Leutron Gmbh Blitz- und überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
JP2006024423A (ja) * 2004-07-07 2006-01-26 Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd 放電管
WO2008155424A1 (fr) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Epcos Ag Dispositif et module de protection contre les éclairs et les surtensions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20180198259A1 (en) 2018-07-12
WO2017036651A1 (fr) 2017-03-09
US10186843B2 (en) 2019-01-22
JP6694951B2 (ja) 2020-05-20
EP3345267A1 (fr) 2018-07-11
JP2018530864A (ja) 2018-10-18
DE102015114846A1 (de) 2017-03-09

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