EP3344416A2 - Machine-outil avec une broche d'usinage de précision - Google Patents

Machine-outil avec une broche d'usinage de précision

Info

Publication number
EP3344416A2
EP3344416A2 EP16760677.1A EP16760677A EP3344416A2 EP 3344416 A2 EP3344416 A2 EP 3344416A2 EP 16760677 A EP16760677 A EP 16760677A EP 3344416 A2 EP3344416 A2 EP 3344416A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spindle
tool
machine tool
actuator
machining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16760677.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hinrich Stave
Hans Feifel
Christian EISERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen GmbH
Original Assignee
Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen GmbH filed Critical Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen GmbH
Publication of EP3344416A2 publication Critical patent/EP3344416A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/03—Boring heads
    • B23B29/034—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings
    • B23B29/03432—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings radially adjustable during manufacturing
    • B23B29/03446—Boring heads with tools moving radially, e.g. for making chamfers or undercuttings radially adjustable during manufacturing by means of inclined planes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B39/00—General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines
    • B23B39/16—Drilling machines with a plurality of working-spindles; Drilling automatons
    • B23B39/161—Drilling machines with a plurality of working-spindles; Drilling automatons with parallel work spindles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1015—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q2039/006—Machines with multi-spindles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine tool having at least one finishing spindle, in particular a fine boring spindle, wherein the finishing spindle has a rotatable about a rotation axis spindle shaft which is rotatably mounted on a spindle housing based on a rotary bearing arrangement, wherein arranged on a free longitudinal end of the spindle shaft, a tool holder for holding a machining tool is and wherein the spindle shaft is rotatably driven by a spindle motor, so that a workpiece using the machining tool processed, in particular drilled, can be.
  • a spindle motor which drives the finishing spindle via a belt drive.
  • a belt without teeth such as a flat belt or V-belt
  • a certain slip is present.
  • a toothed belt is used. Timing belts, even toothed belts with so-called “helical toothing", however, can cause certain vibrations, so that the work result in the workpiece machining is not always satisfactory.
  • the spindle motor is designed as a direct drive for the spindle shaft, the spindle shaft rotatably connected to a rotor of the spindle motor. tor is connected and the rotor is arranged in a stator of the spindle motor, which is rotatably connected to the spindle housing, and that the spindle motor is arranged with respect to the axis of rotation adjacent to the rotary bearing arrangement.
  • the machining tool is expediently a drilling tool. But it is also possible that the machining tool is a turning tool or milling tool. In particular, the machining tool is a cutting tool. In any case, fine machining spindle according to the invention is suitable for a very fine and exact workpiece machining.
  • the workpiece machining includes, for example, drilling, turning, milling or the like.
  • the spindle motor is designed as a direct drive, so that it drives the spindle shaft directly.
  • the spindle shaft in turn is rotatably mounted on the spindle housing, wherein the bearing concept provides that the spindle motor or direct drive is arranged next to the rotary bearing arrangement.
  • the assembly can be facilitated because namely the spindle shaft is independent of the spindle motor based on the pivot bearing assembly in the spindle housing or on the spindle housing mountable.
  • the pivot bearing assembly without the spindle motor would prevent the adjustment.
  • the spindle motor can be replaced without having to disassemble the pivot bearing assembly. So if the rotary bearing assembly is very finely adjusted and mounted, there is a significant advantage and a significant time savings when replacing the spindle motor. A dimensional accuracy of the rotary bearing assembly or fine adjustment of the rotary bearing assembly is maintained, even if service is necessary on the spindle motor.
  • the rotary bearing arrangement it is possible for the rotary bearing arrangement to have a first rotary bearing and a second rotary bearing, which have a longitudinal spacing from one another with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • a first pivot bearing is provided, which is arranged closer to the tool holder, while a second pivot bearing is arranged closer to the spindle motor or direct drive.
  • At least one of the rotary bearings is preferably a radially and axially supporting rotary bearing, that is to say a so-called radial / axial bearing.
  • the other pivot bearing or one of the pivot bearing is suitably a so-called radial bearing.
  • two or more or all rotary bearings to be radially and axially supporting rotary bearings.
  • two rotary bearings are radially mounted and axially overlapping pivot bearing, which are braced, for example, against each other, so to speak.
  • one of the rotary bearings prefferably receive or support an axially acting compressive force and the other rotary bearing for an axially acting tensile force.
  • At least one of the rotary bearings can be an angular contact bearing, for example a so-called angular contact ball bearing or tapered roller bearing.
  • the pivot bearing located closer to the tool holder is a so-called radial / axial bearing.
  • the closer to the spindle motor located pivot bearing is suitably a pure radial bearing.
  • the radial bearing can provide only a radially outer support or bearing with respect to the axis of rotation, while the axial bearing or radial thrust bearing provides a support or bearing with respect to the longitudinal direction of the axis of rotation. In the direction of the axis of rotation, therefore, the axial bearing represents, as it were, a displacement safety device of the spindle shaft.
  • one or more of the rotary bearing of the rotary bearing arrangement as a rolling bearing, for example, roller bearings, ball bearings or the like, is designed or are. Furthermore, all rotary bearings of the rotary bearing arrangement can be rolling bearings.
  • a preferred bearing concept envisages that at least one rotary bearing of the rotary bearing arrangement or a plurality of rotary bearings, in particular all rotary bearings of the rotary bearing arrangement, are hydrostatic rotary bearings.
  • Hydrostatic pivot bearings have favorable damping properties and good concentricity.
  • At least one seal is arranged between the rotary bearing arrangement and the spindle motor.
  • the seal is penetrated, for example, by the spindle shaft.
  • the seal prevents, for example, dirt from entering the area of the rotary bearing arrangement or vice versa the dirt or oil from the rotary bearing arrangement passes in the direction of the spindle motor.
  • At least one seal is present with respect to the axis of rotation on the side facing away from the spindle motor side of the rotary bearing arrangement.
  • the seal prevents dirt from entering the rotary bearing arrangement from the environment or the rotary bearing arrangement contaminating the surroundings.
  • This solution is e.g. advantageous if an oil film, a hydrostatic bearing or the like belong to the overall concept of the rotary bearing arrangement.
  • the rotary bearing arrangement has at least one seal at its longitudinal end regions with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • the spindle motor has no motor bearings.
  • the rotor is not supported or supported with respect to the stator in the region of the spindle motor.
  • an air gap is provided in the entire region of the spindle motor between the rotor and the stator.
  • the bearing of the rotor with respect to the stator is provided exclusively by the rotary bearing arrangement of the spindle shaft with respect to the spindle housing. So there are no Bearings in the spindle motor present, which exert a negative influence on the storage and / or the vibration behavior of the spindle shaft with respect to the spindle housing.
  • the rotor protrudes freely into an interior space of the stator.
  • the spindle shaft completely penetrates the stator of the spindle motor, i. that the spindle shaft protrudes with respect to the axis of rotation in front of both end faces of the spindle motor.
  • the spindle shaft protrudes only in front of one side of the spindle motor, namely to the pivot bearing assembly out.
  • the spindle shaft is supported exclusively on the basis of the rotary bearing arrangement with respect to the spindle housing.
  • the rotary bearing assembly can be optimally fine adjusted, while the spindle motor has no effect on the bearing concept of the spindle shaft with respect to the spindle housing.
  • the stator of the spindle motor is attached externally to the spindle housing.
  • the spindle motor has a separate from the spindle housing motor housing which is fixed to the spindle housing, for example by means of a screw or the like.
  • stator or the spindle motor forms an integral part of the spindle housing.
  • stator is accommodated in a motor-receiving space of the spindle housing.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the stator is accommodated in a motor-receiving space of the spindle housing.
  • the stator is clamped in the motor-receiving space and / or bolted to the spindle housing.
  • the motor accommodating space may be coaxial with a bearing accommodating space for the pivot bearing arrangement for the spindle shaft.
  • the motor-receiving space has a larger diameter than the bearing receiving space.
  • a step and / or an inclined surface, such as a cone provided between the engine compartment and the storage compartment. It can e.g. a large spindle motor can be used in comparison to the rotary bearing arrangement.
  • a receiving space of the spindle housing penetrated by the spindle shaft has at least one step which is configured or provided for fastening the rotary bearing arrangement or the spindle motor.
  • a bearing-receiving space of the spindle housing for the rotary bearing arrangement of the spindle shaft is independent of the size of the spindle motor.
  • the bearing receiving space does not have to be configured to receive the spindle motor.
  • a bearing receiving space may be provided with a smaller diameter or cross section for the rotary bearing assembly, while the motor-receiving space for the spindle motor, in particular its stator, has a larger diameter or cross section.
  • the spindle shaft does not protrude in front of the spindle motor with respect to the axis of rotation on the side remote from the rotary bearing arrangement.
  • the spindle shaft protrudes in front of the spindle housing only in the region of the tool holder.
  • the spindle housing may be stationarily arranged on a machine base of the machine tool.
  • the machine tool then comprises at least one workpiece carrier which is arranged frontally in front of the at least one finishing spindle and which is mounted linearly parallel to at least one machining axis of the at least one precision boring spindle.
  • the workpiece carrier may also have further adjusting axes, in particular to each other and / or to the machining axis angled axes.
  • the spindle housing is formed by a tool slide or arranged on a tool slide. It is also possible that the spindle housing forms a tool slide.
  • the tool carriage is advantageously mounted linearly on a machine base of the machine tool along at least one machining axis.
  • the tool carriage can therefore be guided, for example, by means of a linear guide for machining workpieces which are arranged on a workpiece carrier.
  • the tool carriage may also comprise a so-called cross slide, i. that it is not only movably mounted along the machining axis, for example a so-called Z-axis, but also transversely thereto, for example along a so-called X-axis and / or a Y-axis relative to the machine base.
  • the tool carriage is mounted so as to be linearly movable with respect to the machine base along two mutually orthogonal axes.
  • finishing spindles for example at least two finishing spindles, they may have a common spindle housing. But it is also possible that the spindle housing several finishing spindles are firmly connected.
  • the connected spindle housings may for example form a spindle block or an overall block-like shape. If several spindle housings are provided, they can be aligned individually or in groups with each other, so that the distances of the finishing spindles with each other or the angle between the spindle axes can be adjusted to a desired level. Furthermore, it is possible to provide adjusting devices between the spindle housings in order to change distances or angles by manual or automatic engagement.
  • This spindle block or even a single finishing spindle can for example be fixedly arranged on the machine base of the machine tool.
  • the workpieces or the workpiece can be positioned relative to the at least one or more finishing spindles.
  • the workpiece carrier can thus, for example, provide the feed with respect to the machining axis (corresponding to the longitudinal axis or axis of rotation of the fine machining spindles).
  • a preferred embodiment provides that a plurality, at least two, fine machining spindles together or the spindle block as a whole are adjustably mounted along the machining axis or is.
  • the spindle shaft is designed as a hollow shaft, which is penetrated by an actuator for setting a relative position of the machining tool to the spindle shaft, in particular the tool holder to the spindle shaft.
  • the machining tool itself can be adjusted relative to the tool holder or the tool holder of the tool holder.
  • the tool holder holding the machining tool is adjusted with respect to its relative position to the spindle shaft, so that thus the relative position of the machining tool is adjustable to the spindle shaft.
  • the actuator has an elongated Shape.
  • the actuator has a bevel gear or inclined surfaces to align the held in a tool holder of the tool holder machining tool with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle shaft.
  • the bevel gear or the inclined surfaces can be arranged directly on the machining tool.
  • an inclined surface gear between the tool holder, which holds the machining tool, and the actuator provided, so that the tool holder is adjustable relative to the spindle shaft by means of the actuator.
  • a certain eccentricity of cutting edges of the machining tool with respect to the axis of rotation be adjustable.
  • the machining tool or the tool holder holding the machining tool can thus be adjustable, for example, with respect to its orientation with respect to the axis of rotation on the basis of the actuator.
  • an adjusting shaft which is concentric to the spindle shaft can be provided as an actuator for a gear, for example a bevel gear, arranged in the machining tool, for example a bevel gear, gear transmission or the like.
  • the transmission is arranged for example on the tool holder or the tool holder.
  • the transmission converts a rotational movement of the adjusting shaft into a radial displacement of the machining tool or the cutting edge.
  • the transmission causes a pivoting movement of the cutting edge or the machining tool about an axis of rotation of the spindle shaft eccentric axis.
  • Another or other preferred embodiment, which may also constitute an independent invention can provide, on the tool holder an actuator, in particular a motorized actuator, such as an electric actuator, is provided to a relative position of the machining tool to the tool holder or a tool holder adjust the tool holder.
  • the actuator can also be provided between the spindle shaft and the tool holder, on which in turn like- derum the machining tool is arranged.
  • the actuator control device to the actuator can be advantageously arranged next to the spindle motor.
  • the actuator control device can be adjusted and exchanged without intervention in the storage system.
  • an electric actuator or an electric actuator e.g. a piezo actuator is located.
  • a positioning portion of the machining tool or the tool holder with a control section of the actuator in engagement is expediently formed.
  • a control gear in particular a bevel gear, is formed.
  • one of the adjusting sections or both adjusting sections can have a cone and / or an oblique surface oblique to the axis of rotation and / or a cylindrical projection or a cylindrical receptacle with an orientation oblique to the axis of rotation.
  • the adjusting portion of the machining tool or the tool holder is designed as a protruding pin and the adjusting portion of the actuator as a receptacle for this pin.
  • the pin has a cylindrical shape with a cylinder jacket extending parallel to the axis of rotation, while, so to speak, the counterpart, namely the receptacle of the adjusting portion of the actuator, has oblique surfaces oblique to the axis of rotation.
  • a further variant of a control gear can provide, for example, that the control sections on the one hand of the actuator and on the other hand, the tool holder or the machining tool have a pin and a fork, wherein the pin engages the fork. Between the thighs of the fork and the Pegs are then provided, for example, inclined surfaces. If the pin and the fork are displaced relative to one another parallel to a longitudinal axis, for example the axis of rotation of the spindle shaft, this leads to a deflection of the machining tool or of the tool holder holding the machining tool obliquely to the longitudinal axis.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention or an independent invention is the following.
  • a multi-dimensional and / or elastic force transmission structure which is a longitudinal movement of the actuator relative to the Spindle shaft in a pivoting movement of the tool holder or the machining tool converts, for example, by their structural nature and / or elastic deformability.
  • Such a multi-dimensional force transmission structure can be advantageously produced by means of a 3D printing method. It should be emphasized that this procedure is not only possible with a fine machining spindle with a direct drive according to claim 1, but also for adjusting tools in differently configured tool spindles.
  • the actuator is stretched long.
  • the actuator is expediently mounted longitudinally displaceable and / or rotatable in the hollow shaft.
  • the actuator is expediently outside the hollow shaft or next to the hollow shaft, in particular outside of the spindle housing or the receiving space for the hollow shaft, supported and / or rotatably mounted.
  • an advantageous embodiment provides that the actuator is only in the region of the tool holder in touching contact with the hollow shaft or spindle shaft.
  • the actuator has only a minor effect on the concentricity of the spindle shaft.
  • parallelism errors or concentricity errors that occur in the region of a bearing of the actuator outside of the hollow shaft have little or no influence on the running behavior of the spindle shaft.
  • the spindle thus tends to vibrations to a much lesser extent.
  • a support body for supporting and pivot bearings of the actuator is mounted to be movable linearly to the spindle housing or arranged on the spindle housing cover.
  • a seal is suitably provided between the support body and the spindle housing and / or the cover.
  • the seal is loaded only by the linear movement between the support body and spindle housing or cover. Rotating parts, such as the actuator, do not come in contact with the seal, so that it is not burdened by high friction or the like.
  • a simple rubber seal, sealing lip or the like may be provided. Elaborate labyrinth seals, for example, with sealing air and the like, are not necessary.
  • a preferred concept provides an actuator, for example a rotary drive or particularly preferably a linear drive, for adjusting the actuator for adjusting the relative position of the machining tool or the tool holder holding the machining tool to the spindle shaft.
  • the rod-shaped actuator with respect to its longitudinal positions can be adjusted relative to the spindle shaft to change the position of the machining tool relative to the spindle shaft or provided for holding the machining tool tool holder relative to the spindle shaft.
  • the actuator in particular the linear drive, expediently has a slide on which a support and / or a rotary bearing or a rotary bearing arrangement for the actuator is arranged.
  • the carriage is guided linearly, for example, on a longitudinal guide parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the actuator is moved longitudinally so as to adjust the position of the machining tool relative to the spindle shaft.
  • the Actuator is on the carriage expediently in relation to the adjusting axis, which is parallel to the axis of rotation or coaxial with the axis of rotation, tensile strength and shear resistant.
  • the actuator is expediently mounted with respect to the carriage rotatably based on a pivot bearing.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the machine tool has a plurality, for example at least two, finishing spindles.
  • the machine tool is therefore preferably a multi-spindle machine.
  • the finishing spindles are expediently arranged on a common spindle housing.
  • the spindle housing may for example have at least two receiving spaces for corresponding spindle shaft and spindle motors.
  • the common spindle housing is expediently formed by the already mentioned slide or is provided thereon.
  • different tool holders can also be provided, for example.
  • differently sized drill heads or machining tools can be attached to the respective finishing spindles in this way.
  • the processing tools have different diameters and / or different lengths.
  • the machine tool has a first and at least one second spindle row, which are arranged side by side.
  • the spindle rows have, for example, row axes that are parallel to one another.
  • the series axes expediently run horizontally.
  • the spindle rows run e.g. horizontal or vertical.
  • the spindle rows expediently comprise at least two finishing spindles each.
  • the finishing spindles may be provided with different tool holders. It is preferably provided that the first row of spindle fine machining spindles with tool holders for a processing
  • a tool of a first type for example a small machining tool
  • which has at least one second spindle row of finishing spindles with tool holders for a machining tool of a second type for example a larger machining tool.
  • the larger and the smaller machining tool differ, for example, by their length and / or their diameter.
  • tool holders of the tool holders of the first and second types have different geometries and / or different dimensions.
  • the feed during drilling of a workpiece by an adjustability of the at least one finishing spindle along a machining axis to the workpiece, ie to a workpiece carrier with a workpiece holder for holding the workpiece, or by an adjustability of the workpiece carrier relative to the finishing spindle along the To realize machining axis.
  • both the workpiece carrier and the at least one finishing spindle along the machining axis which corresponds to the axis of rotation of the fine machining spindles, to be mounted adjustably on a machine base.
  • the machine tool comprises at least one workpiece carrier arranged frontally in front of the at least one finishing spindle, for example a workpiece bar, a workpiece pallet, a workpiece change table, a turntable or the like.
  • the workpiece carrier is expediently movably mounted with at least one degree of freedom of movement relative to a machine base of the machine tool, for example rotatable and / or displaceable.
  • the at least one degree of freedom of movement or the degrees of freedom of movement it is possible, for example, for the workpiece carrier to move a workpiece between a processing area provided for processing by the at least one finishing spindle and a workpiece change area provided for changing the workpiece.
  • a positioning of the at least one workpiece with respect to a first and a second finishing spindle of the machine tool can afford the workpiece carrier.
  • the workpiece carrier is mounted linearly movable with respect to a machine base of the machine tool along at least one adjusting axis.
  • the adjusting axle can be a horizontal or a vertical adjusting axle. It is readily possible that several linear guides, e.g. two, three or four, are provided to increase the mobility of the workpiece carrier.
  • the adjusting axes of the workpiece carrier are advantageously angular with respect to one another, e.g. orthogonal.
  • the workpiece carrier is pivotably mounted with respect to a positioning pivot axis.
  • it can pivot the workpieces, for example, between the already mentioned processing area and the workpiece change area.
  • a respective linear guide for example the tool carriage or the spindle housing relative to a machine base, is expediently associated with a speaking actuator, for example an electromotive linear drive, a spindle drive or the like.
  • finishing spindles for example at least two finishing spindles
  • a control can be provided which individually controls or controls the speed of the finishing spindles or the spindle motors thereof.
  • the finishing spindles can be operated at different speeds.
  • a tachometer is associated with a respective spindle motor, so that a controller, which preferably forms part of the machine tool, can set the speed of the spindle motor individually.
  • a holding device for holding or fixing a component of the spindle motor to the spindle shaft or the spindle housing, for example of the rotor and / or the stator to carry a measuring transmitter or a measuring sensor of a measuring device.
  • a so-called measuring embodiment for example comprising a toothing or a row of teeth, is arranged on a holder, for example a clamp, for holding the rotor on the spindle shaft.
  • an individual feed of a fine machining spindle in the direction of the machining axis or the axis of rotation of the spindle shaft of a finishing spindle with respect to the machine base is also possible.
  • a plurality of finishing spindles may be arranged on a spindle block, of which at least one finishing spindle is then individually adjustable relative to the other finishing spindles with respect to the machining axis or axis of rotation of its spindle shaft.
  • the spindle shaft and with it rotationally coupled components, in particular an actuator are advantageously covered with the exception of the tool holder by the spindle housing and with respect to a machine base fixed or linearly adjustable cover components.
  • the aforementioned rotary inlet for the coolant forms such a cover component and covers, for example, the actuator from.
  • a support body, in particular a support housing serve for the actuator as a cover component.
  • At least two covering components covering are advantageously linearly adjustable relative to one another, for example the support body relative to the spindle housing or a cover arranged thereon, wherein a seal is then expediently present between these covering components.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective oblique view of a machine tool, from the in
  • FIG. 2 shows a tool carriage with a plurality of finishing spindles.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view taken approximately along a line A-A in Figure 2 by a finishing spindle, and
  • FIG. 4 shows the machine tool according to FIG. 1 from the side.
  • a machine tool 10 has a machine base 11.
  • the machine base 1 1 comprises a tool section 12 and a workpiece section 13 which are arranged, for example, at an angle to one another.
  • the machine base 1 1 which could also be referred to as a machine bed, for example T-shaped, but this should not be understood as limiting.
  • the tool portion 12 and the workpiece portion 13 may be integral or fixedly connected to each other.
  • a tool carriage 20 is mounted linearly at least along a machining axis Z, which is also referred to below as a Z-axis.
  • a linear guide 21 is provided, which is provided for example on an upper side of the tool section 12.
  • the linear guide 21, which could also be referred to as a Z-guide, comprises, for example, guide rails 22 on which the tool carriage 20 is movably mounted, for example with rollers, sliding pieces or the like.
  • a carriage drive 23 serves to drive the tool carriage 20 along the Z-axis.
  • the carriage drive 23 includes, for example, a drive motor 24 and a spindle drive 25 which is coupled to the tool carriage 20.
  • a spindle main body 27 is arranged on the tool carriage 20, a spindle main body 27 is arranged.
  • An embodiment may provide that the spindle main body 27 is fixedly connected to the tool carriage 20 or is integral with the tool carriage 20, so that the spindle main body 27 is mounted only along the axis Z with respect to the machine bed or the machine base 1 1 movable.
  • a further degree of freedom of movement is optionally available, namely in a tool axis X extending at an angle, for example at right angles, to the machining axis Z.
  • An additional linear guide 28 with, for example, rails 29 is provided on the tool carriage 20, on which the spindle main body 27 extends along the tool body.
  • Axis X is movably mounted.
  • the spindle main body 27 thus forms a further carriage 26 or is arranged on this carriage 26.
  • a carriage drive 30, which is shown only schematically, drives the carriage 26 relative to the tool carriage 20 along the tool adjustment axis X.
  • the carriages 20, 26 form, for example, a so-called cross slide.
  • a spindle assembly 40 is provided with a plurality of finishing spindles 41.
  • a single finishing spindle could of course also be arranged on the tool carriage 20.
  • the finishing spindles 41 are arranged next to one another, for example, in an upper spindle row 42 and in a lower spindle row 43 in the row direction.
  • machining tools 44 are arranged on tool holders 46, 146 of the fine machining spindles 41.
  • spindle drives 45 of the fine machining spindles 41 are provided.
  • the spindle drives 45 are largely incorporated in the spindle main body 27.
  • a workpiece carrier 60 Frontally in front of the tool carriage 20, a workpiece carrier 60 is arranged.
  • the workpiece carrier 60 comprises, for example, a workpiece bar 61 which extends transversely in front of the tool carriage 20.
  • a plurality of workpiece holders 62 for holding workpieces W, for example connecting rods, are arranged side by side in a row direction 63.
  • the row direction 63 runs parallel to a longitudinal axis 64 of the workpiece carrier 60.
  • the workpiece carrier 60 is pivotally mounted about a positioning pivot axis A, in the present case its longitudinal axis 64, so that at different workpiece holding areas 65, e.g. Workpiece holding portions 65 A and 65 B, held workpieces W are frontally in front of the tool carriage 20 and thus before the machining tools 44 in a processing area 85 for machining pivotally or away from the processing tools 44, for example, provided in a provided for a workpiece change workpiece change area 86th Die Maschinen Industries Play Scheme 86 and the processing area 85 are provided, for example, on opposite sides of the workpiece carrier 60.
  • workpiece holding areas 65 e.g. Workpiece holding portions 65 A and 65 B
  • the workpiece holding regions 65 are provided on outer peripheral sides, in particular on the outer circumferential sides of the workpiece carrier 60 that are opposite and / or mutually angled.
  • multiple workpiece holding areas are an option, i. that only a single workpiece holding area can be provided on a workpiece carrier.
  • a positioning of the workpieces W arranged on the workpiece carrier 60 relative to the processing tools 44 is performed at least partially by the workpiece carrier 60.
  • the workpiece carrier 60 is linearly adjustable on a workpiece carrier linear guide 70 along a vertical adjusting axis Y. At Workpieces W arranged on the workpiece carrier 60 can thus be displaced relative to the machining tools 44 with respect to the positioning axis Y.
  • the tool carriage 20 thus positions the machining tools 44 along the horizontal axes, the machining axis Z and the optionally provided tool setting axis X, while the third linear degree of freedom of movement is provided by the workpiece carrier 60 and the workpiece carrier linear guide 70.
  • the workpiece carrier linear guide 70 comprises guide rails 73 provided on uprights or supports 71, on which slides 72 are movably mounted, for example on the basis of rollers, sliders or the like.
  • the uprights or supports 71 which could also be referred to as towers, project, for example, upwards in front of the tool section 12 and are fastened thereto.
  • the carriages 72 which are movably mounted, for example, on a respective pair of guide rails 73, can be driven by slide drives 74.
  • the carriage drives 74 each include, for example, a drive motor 75.
  • a respective drive motor 75 drives a respective carriage 72 via, for example, a spindle drive or the like (which is not shown in the drawing).
  • the drive motors 75 are arranged on top of the uprights or supports 71, which is advantageous for cooling purposes and assembly purposes.
  • the rotary bearings 77 form components of a rotary bearing arrangement 76.
  • one of the rotary bearings 77 is provided on each of the slides 72.
  • the pivot bearing at its longitudinal end of the workpiece carrier 60 so for example, the workpiece bar 61, optimally supported, but still for the positioning or positioning of the workpieces W for processing by the machining tools 44 or a workpiece change movable.
  • the positioning pivot axis A is parallel to the tool adjustment axis X.
  • the workpiece carrier 60 may, however, also be mounted so as to be movable linearly relative to the machine base 11, for example horizontally in the direction of the Z-axis or parallel to the tool-adjusting axis X. Such a variant is illustrated in FIG.
  • the machine base 1 1 rails 83 are provided, for example, on which the supports 71 are movably supported by means of rollers, sliding elements or the like.
  • a drive 84 for driving the supports 71 during the adjustment along the linear guide 82 is provided.
  • the workpiece carrier 60 may be displaced relative to the machine base 1 1 along or parallel to the X-axis to position the workpieces W with respect to the spindle assembly 40.
  • a workpiece changing device 300 for example comprising a handling robot or the like, is arranged in the workpiece changing region 86.
  • the finishing spindles 41 are provided with different tool holders 46 and 146, which are provided for differently sized machining tools 44, namely, first type machining tools 44A and second type machining tools 44B.
  • first type machining tools 44A and second type machining tools 44B With the different processing tools 44A, 44B, for example, holes in a small and a large eye of a connecting rod can be made exactly.
  • the basic structure of the tool holder 46, 146 is the same, so it will not be discussed further below.
  • the workpiece carrier 60 which can be adjusted in the direction of the vertical adjusting axis Y makes it possible for the workpieces arranged thereon to be positioned relative to the fine machining spindles 41 or the spindle rows 42, 43.
  • the feed in the drilling of holes in the workpieces W, that is, the feed the finishing spindles 41, is made by the tool carriage 20 by adjustment along the machining axis Z.
  • the tool holders 46, 146 have, for example, tool holders 47 in which a holding section 48 of a respective processing tool 44 engages.
  • the tool holders 47 are configured, for example, as hollow shaft taper tool holders (HSK tool holders). But any other form of tool holder is readily possible.
  • the fine machining spindles 41 comprise spindle shafts 50, on whose front longitudinal end regions 51 the tool holders 47 are arranged or formed.
  • the tool holders 47 or the tool holders 46, 146 may be integral with the spindle shafts 50 or components attached thereto.
  • the machining tools 44 are fixedly mounted or mounted on the tool holders 46, 146 and the tool holders 46, 146 are adjustable with respect to the spindle shafts 50, whereby simultaneously the machining tools 44 are adjustable with respect to their relative position to the spindle shaft in FIG.
  • a variant not shown in the drawing could also provide that the machining tools 45 relative to the tool holders 46, 146 are adjustable. This could for example be done by the holding portions 46 of the processing tools 44 with respect to the tool holders 47 are adjustable.
  • the spindle shafts 50 are mounted rotatably with respect to a spindle housing 1 10 at their middle sections 52 on the basis of a rotary bearing arrangement 90.
  • a spindle motor 150 which drives the spindle shaft 50 about the axis of rotation D, is disposed on a longitudinal end region 53 of a respective spindle shaft 50 opposite the longitudinal end region 51.
  • a respective spindle housing 1 10 forms a part of the tool carriage 20.
  • a plurality of spindle housing 1 10 are joined together to form a spindle block, for example screwed together, which in turn forms the spindle main body 27.
  • This is indicated in Figure 3 by dashed lines. But it would also be a one-piece, at least two spindle shafts 50 having spindle housing readily possible.
  • the rotary bearing arrangement 90 comprises a first pivot bearing 91, which is closer to the tool holder 47.
  • the pivot bearing 91 is, for example, a so-called radial / axial bearing. Based on the pivot bearing 91 is an axial position of the spindle shaft 50 relative to the spindle housing 1 10 with respect to the rotation axis D adjustable.
  • a second pivot bearing 92 of the pivot bearing assembly 90 is provided that with respect to the rotational axis D to the pivot bearing 91 has a distance.
  • the pivot bearing 92 is for example a pure radial bearing.
  • the pivot bearings 91 and 92 are received in a bearing receiving space 1 1 1 of the spindle housing 1 10.
  • a stage 1 13 is provided, on which, for example, the pivot bearing 91 can be axially supported with respect to the axis of rotation D.
  • the pivot bearings 91, 92 are present hydrostatic bearings. Hydrostatic bearings allow, for example, with favorable adjustability a favorably damped running behavior of the spindle shaft 50 with respect to the spindle housing 1 10. Alternatively, however, for example, roller bearings, ball bearings or the like other bearings as a pivot bearing 91 and / or 92 readily possible. Furthermore, air bearings or aerostatic bearings, magnetic bearings or the like are readily possible.
  • the spindle motor 150 includes a rotor 151 and a stator 152.
  • the rotor 151 includes a stator 152 and a stator 152.
  • the rotor 151 is rotatably held at the longitudinal end portion 53 of the spindle shaft 50.
  • the rotor 151 comprises a laminated core and / or permanent magnet or the like.
  • the electric side of the spindle motor 150, which is to be actively activated so to speak, is stationary with respect to the spindle housing 110, namely in the form of excitation windings 153 of the stator 152.
  • the stator 152 is received in a motor-receiving space 1 12 of the spindle housing 1 10.
  • the engine-receiving space 1 12 is located on the front side 31, in any case accessible from the front side 31 forth.
  • the stator 152 is clamped, wedged, screwed or the like, for example, in the motor-receiving space 1 12 attached.
  • a preferred assembly concept provides that a holder 1 18 the stator
  • the holder 1 18 is bolted to the spindle housing 1 10 and thus secures the stator 152 on the spindle housing 1 10.
  • the stator 152 is supported, for example, at a stage 1 14 between the bearing receiving space 1 1 1 and the engine-receiving space 1 12 from.
  • stator 152 is sandwiched between the stage 1 14 and the bracket 1 18 held.
  • a measuring device 154 is provided, for example for detecting the rotational speed of the spindle shaft 50.
  • the measuring device 154 can be arranged, for example, on the holder 18.
  • the rotor 151 is suitably held or fixed to the spindle shaft 50 by a holder 1 19, for example a retaining ring.
  • a measuring transmitter for the measuring device 154 is expediently provided on the holder 1 19.
  • stator 152 may also be connected to the spindle housing 110, for example by means of screws and / or a clamp, or may be fixed to the spindle housing 110.
  • the motor-receiving space 1 12 has a larger cross-section, in particular a larger diameter, than the bearing-receiving space 1 1 1.
  • the relatively small pivot bearings 91 and 92 can be used, whereas for the spindle motor 150, a larger space is available.
  • pivot bearings 91 and 92 easily in the bearing receiving space 1 1 1 can be arranged and there are also easily adjustable without the spindle motor 150 is in the way, if this is not or not yet fully assembled.
  • a seal 93 is suitably provided between the pivot bearing assembly 90 and the spindle motor 150.
  • the seal 93 prevents the escape of oil from the pivot bearing assembly 90 in the direction of the engine-receiving space 1 12th
  • the measuring device 154 allows a rotational speed measurement of the spindle motor 150.
  • a controller 155 for example, set the rotational speeds of the spindle motors 150 individually.
  • the controller 155 includes, for example, a microprocessor 156, a memory 157, and the like.
  • the microprocessor 156 may execute program instructions of a control program stored in the memory 157 and thereby control the fine machining spindles 41 and their spindle motors 150, respectively.
  • the control 155 can be activated due to the direct drives.
  • Spindle motors 150 individually control the speed of each finishing spindle 41, or both.
  • the tool holders 46, 146 each have tool holder holding sections 55, for example retaining projections, which engage in tool holder receptacles 56 on the respective longitudinal end region 51 of a spindle shaft 50.
  • the holding portion 55 and the receptacles 56 at least partially conical or have inclined surfaces.
  • the tool holders 46, 146 are adjustable with respect to the tool holder receptacles 56 about a setting axis 173, for example pivotable. In any case, a relative position between a respective tool holder 46, 146 and the spindle shafts 50 is adjustable.
  • a respective adjusting portion 49 of a tool holder 46, 146 which serves for the fine adjustment of the position of the tool holder 46, 146 and thus of the machining tool 44 with respect to the spindle shaft 50 or the axis of rotation D.
  • the adjusting sections 49 of the tool holders 46, 146 engage in the area in adjusting sections 171 of an actuating member 170.
  • the adjusting portions 171 include cylindrical or fork-shaped adjusting receptacles 172, in which engage the cylindrical or peg-shaped adjusting portions 49 of the tool holder 46, 146. While the adjusting sections 49 extend parallel to the axis of rotation D, the adjusting receptacles 172 are oriented obliquely to the axis of rotation D, thus have oblique surfaces oriented obliquely to the rotational axis D on their cylindrical inner circumference or between the fork legs.
  • the actuator 170 has an elongate, rod or rod shape.
  • the actuator 170 could also be referred to as a rod or rod.
  • the actuator is advantageously at least partially cylindrical, for example in the range of at least one pivot bearing outside the spindle shaft.
  • the actuator 170 passes through a passage opening 54 of the spindle shaft 50.
  • the adjusting section 171 is arranged in an enlarged region 55 of the passage opening 54 close to the respective tool holder 46, 146.
  • a respective adjusting portion 171 is disposed at a front longitudinal end portion 174 of the actuator 170.
  • the longitudinal end region 174 is provided approximately in the region of the longitudinal end region 51 of the spindle shaft 50.
  • a longitudinal end region 175 of the actuator 170 opposite the longitudinal end region 174 is rotatably supported by pivot bearings 176.
  • the pivot bearings 176 are arranged, for example, on a supporting body 177 suitably designed as a supporting housing or having a supporting housing.
  • the support body 177 could also be designed as a support block.
  • the rotary inlet 178 forms a cover component 192 for the actuator 170.
  • the support body 177 and the cover 15 also each form a cover component 191, 190 for the actuator 170.
  • the support body 177 penetrates into a cover 15, which is arranged on the rear side 32 of the spindle main body 27 or of the spindle housing 110.
  • a passage opening or penetration opening of the cover 15, which is penetrated by the support body 177, is expediently provided with a seal 17, for example a scraper or the like.
  • Seal 1 17 also possible in the form of a labyrinth seal or the like.
  • the seal 1 17 is mechanically loaded only very slightly during operation of the machine tool 10, because it is loaded only by the linear adjustment of the support body 177. Rotating and thus leading to a higher load on a seal components, such as the actuator 170, namely, are not in direct contact with the seal 1 17.
  • the cover 15 covers, for example, the measuring device 154.
  • the actuator 170 protrudes into the cover 1 15 and penetrates this too.
  • the cover 1 15 is very easy to maintain.
  • the cover 1 15 consists of two parts 1 15A and 1 15B, so that at least one of the parts 1 15A or 1 15B is easily removable.
  • the parts 1 15A and 1 15B are configured, for example, in the manner of half-shells.
  • the parts 1 15A and 15B may, for example, be screwed together and / or clamped together by means of a clamp.
  • the actuator 170 has a coolant channel 179 which extends from the longitudinal end region 175 to the longitudinal end region 174 as far as a coolant channel 44A of the machining tool 44. Coolant can pass through the coolant channel 179 to the machining tool 44. Coolant can be introduced into the coolant channel 179 via a rotary inlet 178.
  • the rotary inlet 178 is provided in the region of the support body 177, for example, directly on the longitudinal end region 175. The rotary inlet 178 is thus easily accessible and easy to maintain.
  • the actuator 180 includes, for example, a carriage 181 which extends linearly parallel to the adjusting axis S on a linear guide 182.
  • the linear guide 182 includes, for example, at least one guide rail on which the carriage 181 is guided.
  • the support body 177 is non-slidably connected to the carriage 181.
  • the actuator 170 is connected to the support body 177 with respect to the adjusting axis S against displacement.
  • the actuator 180 forms or comprises a linear drive.
  • a linear direct drive would be possible.
  • a spindle-nut drive is provided.
  • a spindle nut 183 is held against rotation, in which a spindle drive 184 engages.
  • the spindle drive 184 is rotationally driven by a servomotor 185, so that the carriage 181 is spindled as it were along the adjustment axis S when the spindle drive 184 is rotated, in any case it is displaced along the adjustment axis S.
  • the servomotor 185 and the linear guide 182 are arranged on a configured for example in the manner of a cantilever support projection 1 1 6, which in turn is connected to the spindle housing 1 10 or integrally formed from the spindle housing 1 10.
  • the support projection 1 1 6, for example, before the back 32 of the spindle housing 1 10 or the spindle body 27 before.
  • the servomotor 185 is held on a bracket 186, for example.
  • a rotor 284 could be provided instead of the spindle drive 184, which is connected on the one hand to the carriage 181, on the other hand engages in a stator 285 which drives the rotor 284.
  • the support body 177 could be configured as a motor housing of such a linear direct drive or formed by the motor housing.
  • an excitation coil assembly 384 am Support body 177 for directly driving a rotor, for example, corresponding magnetic flux means 385, provided on the actuator 170. This is indicated in FIG.
  • an actuator 280 is provided directly in the area of the tool holder 47.
  • the actuator 280 includes e.g. an electric servomotor, a piezo driver or the like to adjust a relative position of the machining tool 44 with respect to the spindle shaft 50 or the tool holder 46, 146 with respect to the tool holder receptacle 56.
  • at least one connecting line 282 between the actuator 280 and an actuator control device 281 could be provided in the region of the other longitudinal end of the spindle shaft 50. For clarity, this is indicated schematically in FIG. Via the connecting line 282, for example, electrical control signals to the actuator 280 and, advantageously, also feedback from the actuator 280 to the actuator control device 281 can be transmitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine-outil (19) comprenant au moins une broche d'usinage de précision (41), laquelle possède un arbre de broche (50) qui peut tourner sur un axe de rotation (D) et qui est monté à rotation sur un logement de broche (110) au moyen d'un système de palier de rotation (90). Un porte-outil (46) destiné à maintenir un outil d'usinage (44) est disposé sur une zone d'extrémité longitudinale (51) libre de l'arbre de broche (50), et l'arbre de broche (50) peut être entraîné en rotation par un moteur de broche (150) de telle sorte qu'une pièce (W) peut être usinée, notamment percée, au moyen de l'outil d'usinage (44). Selon l'invention, le moteur de broche (150) est configuré sous la forme d'un entraînement direct pour l'arbre de broche (50). L'arbre de broche (50) est accouplé solidaire en rotation au rotor (151) du moteur de broche (150) et le rotor (151) est disposé dans un stator (152) du moteur de broche (150), lequel est accouplé solidaire en rotation au logement de broche (110). Toujours selon l'invention, le moteur de broche (150) est disposé à côté de l'arrangement de palier de rotation (90) par rapport à l'axe de rotation (D).
EP16760677.1A 2015-09-03 2016-08-24 Machine-outil avec une broche d'usinage de précision Pending EP3344416A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015114727.0A DE102015114727A1 (de) 2015-09-03 2015-09-03 Werkzeugmaschine mit einer Feinbearbeitungsspindel
PCT/EP2016/069952 WO2017036876A2 (fr) 2015-09-03 2016-08-24 Machine-outil avec une broche d'usinage de précision

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3344416A2 true EP3344416A2 (fr) 2018-07-11

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EP16760677.1A Pending EP3344416A2 (fr) 2015-09-03 2016-08-24 Machine-outil avec une broche d'usinage de précision

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EP (1) EP3344416A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015114727A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017036876A2 (fr)

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US11437900B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2022-09-06 Black & Decker Inc. Modular outer-rotor brushless motor for a power tool
US11757330B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2023-09-12 Black & Decker, Inc. Canned outer-rotor brushless motor for a power tool

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DE102013012633A1 (de) * 2013-07-29 2015-01-29 Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen Gmbh Werkzeugmaschine mit einer Werkstückwechseleinrichtung
CN107186235A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-09-22 浙江德尔特自动化科技有限公司 在滑轨上实现多孔加工的打孔机床
EP4286079A1 (fr) * 2022-06-02 2023-12-06 CERATIZIT Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H. Système d'outil et procédé pour l'usinage d'une pièce utilisant ce système

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11437900B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2022-09-06 Black & Decker Inc. Modular outer-rotor brushless motor for a power tool
US11757330B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2023-09-12 Black & Decker, Inc. Canned outer-rotor brushless motor for a power tool

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WO2017036876A2 (fr) 2017-03-09
DE102015114727A1 (de) 2017-03-09

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