EP3332839A1 - Self-locking abseil device - Google Patents

Self-locking abseil device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3332839A1
EP3332839A1 EP17205576.6A EP17205576A EP3332839A1 EP 3332839 A1 EP3332839 A1 EP 3332839A1 EP 17205576 A EP17205576 A EP 17205576A EP 3332839 A1 EP3332839 A1 EP 3332839A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
handle
cam
rope
flange
descender
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17205576.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3332839B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Olivier Chabod
Christophe Quillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zedel SAS
Original Assignee
Zedel SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zedel SAS filed Critical Zedel SAS
Publication of EP3332839A1 publication Critical patent/EP3332839A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3332839B1 publication Critical patent/EP3332839B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/08—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys
    • A62B1/10—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brake mechanisms for the winches or pulleys mechanically operated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/18—Other single parts for rope lowering-devices, e.g. take-up rollers for ropes, devices for shooting ropes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-locking rope descender.
  • the invention also relates to a method of using such a self-locking descender.
  • the stringist moves along a rope between different workstations.
  • the acrobatic worker descends along the rope to reach his workstation.
  • the acrobatic worker blocks the rope inside the descender so that the various operations related to the workstation can be performed.
  • the chute has a locking position where the rope is locked inside the descender. This position is used when the acrobatic worker is at his workstation.
  • the descender also has a descent position in which the rope can slide inside the descender and thus allow a descent of the user along the rope.
  • the descender comprises a first flange which defines a running path of the rope in the descender.
  • the descender also includes a cam which moves inside the first flange and which comes into contact with the rope in order to block it inside the descender or to modulate a friction force allowing a sliding of the rope to the rope. inside the descender.
  • the handle is mechanically linked to the cam directly or indirectly so that the rotation of the handle relative to the first flange causes a displacement of the cam between its position blocking the rope and a position allowing a sliding of the rope.
  • Some descenders have a handle that can move between several positions of use including a storage position, a locking position, a belay position and a descent position. The transition from one use position to another use position is performed by the user. It appears that the usability of the descender can be improved.
  • the invention aims to provide a self-locking descender which is easier to use to make the descender safer.
  • the cam is mechanically linked to the handle so that a displacement of the cam from the first position towards its locking position of the rope causes a movement of the handle from its storage position to the first position of use. It is also preferable to provide that the handle is not mechanically linked to the cam between the first use position blocking the rope and a descent position.
  • the handle is rotatably mounted relative to the first flange.
  • the first position of use of the handle is placed on one side of the chute and the lowering position of the handle is placed on the other side of the chute.
  • the two sides are separated by inlets and outlets of the rope in the chute.
  • the first use position blocking the rope and the descent position are separated by an angle of at least 90 °.
  • the first use position blocking the rope and the descent position are separated by an angle at least equal to 120 °.
  • the cam and the handle are separated by the first flange.
  • the cam has a projecting pin cooperating with a stop of the handle, the stop having first and second opposite faces.
  • the pin is in contact with the first face of the stop when the cam is between the first position and the locking position of the rope.
  • the pin is in contact with the second face of the stop when the handle is in the down position.
  • the pin has no contact with the stop when the handle is between the first use position blocking the rope and a descent position.
  • the pawn passes through the first flange.
  • the movement of the pin is defined by an orifice having first and second opposite ends, the pin being in contact with the first end when the handle is in the storage position.
  • the invention also relates to a method of using a self-locking descender which is easier to implement.
  • the self-locking descender comprises a first flange 1 and a cam 2 which is mounted on the first flange 1.
  • the cam 2 is mounted to move on the first flange 1 and preferably rotatable which facilitates the realization of the descender and the
  • the movement of the cam 2 relative to the first flange 1 is different from a rotation or comprises a rotation and another movement.
  • the cam 2 is mounted to move about the axis 2a.
  • the first flange 1 defines a rope circulation path 3 by means of a side wall so that the rope 3 circulates around the cam 2, more precisely between the cam 2 and the side wall of the cam.
  • first flange 1 defines a rope circulation path 3 by means of a side wall so that the rope 3 circulates around the cam 2, more precisely between the cam 2 and the side wall of the cam.
  • the cam 2 moves successively between a first cam position, a second cam position said locking position of the rope 3 and a third cam position said descent position allowing the circulation of the rope 3 in the first flange 1.
  • the first cam position is a storage position where the rope 3 is not yet installed in the chute which corresponds to the figures 1 , 2 and 6 .
  • the descent position is a position permitting the descent of the user along the rope and thus the sliding of the rope against the cam 2.
  • the descent position is illustrated on the figures 5 and 8 .
  • the blocking position is illustrated on the figures 3 , 4 , 5 and 7
  • first direction of displacement of the cam shown in FIGS. figures 2 and 3 the cam 2 moves from the first cam position to the locking position of the rope 3 and then to the descent position.
  • a movement of the cam 2 in the opposite direction is also possible.
  • the first, second and third successive cam positions represent three increasing distances between a side wall of the first flange 1 and a side wall of the cam 2.
  • the first position of the cam corresponds to the minimum distance between the side wall of the cam. cam and the side wall of the first flange 1 forming the circulation path of the rope 3.
  • the modulation of the intensity of the friction forces is carried out continuously by modulating the shape of the side wall of the cam 2 in order to modulate the space that exists between the side wall of the cam 2 and the side wall 4 of the circulation path defined by the first flange 1.
  • the descender further comprises a handle 5 which is mounted movably relative to the first flange 1.
  • the handle 5 is mounted successively movable between a storage position, a first position of handle said position of use blocking the rope 3 and a second handle position said down position allowing the circulation of the rope 3.
  • a movement of the handle 5 in the opposite direction is also possible.
  • the chute also has a first spring 6 connected to the first flange 1 and the handle 5 so as to return the handle 5 to the storage position.
  • Spring 6 is illustrated on the figures 6 , 7 and 8 .
  • the spring 6 is illustrated by a torsion spring because this embodiment is particularly effective and compact. However, another type of spring can be used.
  • the handle 5 is a protruding element of the descender to facilitate the use of the descender, it can be bending when it opens inside a bag. In case of shock, the handle 5 can be broken which makes unusable the descender. By returning the handle 5 to the blocking position, the path to reach the descent position is greater, which increases the safety of the locking position.
  • an intermediate attachment point of the handle 5 may be formed along the path of movement of the handle 5 to lock the handle 5 between the down position and the first position in particular when the handle 5 is released by the user. This embodiment avoids the user to search, later, the handle 5 to engage a descent along the rope.
  • the handle 5 comes into contact or is aligned with the outer side wall of the first flange 1.
  • the inner side wall of the handle 5 comes in contact with the outer side wall of the first flange 1 or is aligned with the outer side wall of the first flange 1.
  • the shape of the outer wall of the handle follows the shape of the first flange when the handle is in its storage position. This configuration reduces the risk of unwanted actuations of the handle 5.
  • the cam 2 is mechanically linked to the handle 5 intermittently.
  • the intermittent mechanical connection is configured so that a displacement of the cam 2 from the first cam position to its locking position of the rope 3 causes the handle 5 to move from its storage position to the first position of the cam. use as illustrated in figures 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 .
  • the rope 3 moves the cam 2.
  • the cam 2 moves from its first position to its locking position of the rope 3 which induces a movement of the handle 5.
  • the shape of the cam 2 is configured to lock the rope 3 against the side wall 4 and advantageously to increase the blocking force as the tension in the rope increases for example following the suspension of the user by means of the descender.
  • the shape of the cam 2 is configured to be self-locking.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous because the rope 3 is automatically blocked when it is inserted in the descender.
  • the document EP shows that the installation of the rope in the chute has no effect on a movement of the handle so that the user can not quickly know if an error in the diameter of the rope has occurred. It is the same for the document WO2015 / 071626 .
  • the displacement of the cam 2 results in a displacement of the handle 5 which leaves the storage position for the first use position which blocks the rope 3.
  • the user finds that the rope 3 is correctly installed in the descender. This also makes it possible to check that a rope 3 with a sufficient diameter has been inserted into the chute. If the diameter is too small, the handle 5 does not move indicating that the rope lock 3 will not be done or hurt.
  • the mechanical connection between the cam 2 and the handle 5 is monodirectional so that the movement of the cam 2 causes a movement of the handle 5 in a first direction from the storage position to the first position 3.
  • a force applied to the handle 5 may prevent insertion of the cord into the first flange 1.
  • a movement of the cam 2 from the locking position to the first position does not cause movement of the handle 5.
  • the movement of the handle 5 is imposed by the spring 6 and limited by the cam 2.
  • the movement of the handle 5 towards the storage position causes the movement of the cam 2 in the second direction and advantageously only in the second direction.
  • a movement of the handle 3 in the second direction can be blocked by the cam 2 because of the rope 3.
  • a movement of the handle 5 from the storage position to the first position of handle does not cause a displacement of the cam which then remains in the first cam position 2.
  • the spring 6 exerts a force which tends to bring the handle 5 towards the storage position which results in the application of a force on the cam 2 forcing the locking of the rope 3. In this way, the security is enhanced when the user does not use the descender, that is to say when he does not use the handle 5. This also allows pressing the handle 5 to add a force on the cam 2 which reinforces the blocking force applied by the cam 2.
  • the mechanical connection between the handle 5 and the cam 2 is configured so that the handle 5 is not mechanically linked to the cam 2 between the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the lowering position of the handle 5. Between these two positions of the handle, it is particularly advantageous to provide that the cam 2 remains in its locking position of the rope 3.
  • This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. figures 3 , 4 and 5 where it can be observed that the displacement of the handle 5 has not resulted in a displacement of cam 2 through the viewing orifice present in the second flange 9.
  • This configuration is different from a type of function " anti-panic "where the mechanical connection is interrupted when the user is in the process of descent and in particular when the mechanical connection is configured so that a movement of the handle from its storage position to the descent position has no effect on the cam.
  • the handle is mechanically linked to the cam 2 so that a continuation of the movement of the handle results in a displacement of the cam.
  • This configuration is advantageous because a force applied to the handle 5 and which may cause a non-voluntary movement of the handle 5 will not result in an unlocking of the cam 2 and therefore by an undesired descent of the user.
  • the force applied on the handle 5 increases the locking force of the cam 2 on the rope 3.
  • the force applied on the handle 5 moves the handle 5 in the other direction.
  • the user must therefore move the handle 5 by a predefined distance to reach the descent position where a movement of the rope 3 is possible.
  • a new mechanical coupling appears between the cam 2 and the handle 5.
  • the handle 5 comes into contact with the cam 2 so as to reduce the locking force and allows the rope to run 3 along the road.
  • a movement of the handle to move away from the first handle position, for example by continuing the rotation of the handle results in a displacement of the cam.
  • Displacement of the cam increases the separation distance between the side wall of the cam and the side wall the first flange which reduces the friction force applied to the rope 3.
  • the rope 3 can then move more and more easily and the user can manage its descent rate by managing the friction force.
  • the mechanical coupling between the handle 5 and the cam 2 is in the second direction and preferably only in the second direction.
  • the spring 6 returns the handle 5 to the storage position.
  • the handle 5 will remain in the first use position which will press the cam 2 to strengthen the locking of the rope 3.
  • the handle 5 can remain in the intermediate position .
  • the handle 5 is rotatably mounted relative to the first flange 1 which facilitates the use of the descender.
  • the first position of use of the handle 5 is placed on one side of the descender and the position of descent with circulation of the rope 3 is placed on the other side of the descender.
  • the two sides are separated by inlets and outlets of the rope 3 in the chute.
  • One of the two orifices is associated with the rope strand 3 connected to the upper point which is preferably a fixed point. This strand of rope 3 is stretched which forms a natural barrier to many elements that can catch in the handle 5 and possibly lead to a beginning of rotation of the handle.
  • the handle 5 is configured so that the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the lowering position are separated by an angle of at least 90 °.
  • the angle is measured in the plane of rotation of the handle 5.
  • the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the descent position are separated by an angle at least equal to 120 °
  • the cam 2 and the handle 5 are separated by the first flange 1. This configuration is particularly interesting because it facilitates the insertion of the rope 3 in the flow path defined by the first flange 1 .
  • the cam 2 has or is associated with a peg 7 projecting cooperating with a stop 8 of the handle 5 which allows for the mechanical connection between the two elements.
  • the stop 8 of the handle 5 has first and second opposite faces 8a and 8b.
  • the pin 7 is in contact with the first face 8a of the stop 8 when the cam 2 is between its storage position and its locking position of the rope 3. In this way, it is particularly easy to obtain a mechanical contact intermittent between the cam 2 and the handle 5.
  • the stop 8 is shown in one piece and full. However, as an alternative, the stop may be hollow and / or formed by several distinct elements.
  • the handle 5 may comprise a pin 7 which cooperates with a stop 8 of the cam 2.
  • the pin 7 is in contact with the second face 8b of the stop 8 when the handle 5 is in its down position.
  • the stop 8 rotates about the axis of rotation of the handle 5 so as to push the pin 7 and thus move the cam 2.
  • This embodiment is very advantageous because it is particularly effective and compact.
  • the pin 7 is devoid of contact with the stop 8 when the handle 5 is between the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the position of descent. Such a result can be obtained by modulating the shape of the stop 8 so that there is a functional clearance between the pin 7 and the stop 8 when the stop 8 is moved in rotation.
  • the pin 7 passes through the first flange 1.
  • the displacement of the pin 7 is delimited by an orifice having first and second opposite ends.
  • the orifice is formed in the first flange 1.
  • the pin 7 is in contact with the first end when the handle 5 is in the storage position.
  • the stiffness of the second spring is lower than the stiffness of the spring 6.
  • the stiffness of the second spring is greater than the stiffness of the spring 6.
  • the use of the interlocking descender can be done in the following manner.
  • a descender according to one of the various embodiments previously described is provided.
  • the chute can be presented closed ( figure 1 ) or open ( figure 2 ).
  • a rope 3 is inserted into the first flange 1 so as to move the cam 2 from a storage position to a locking position of the rope 3 ( figure 3 ). It is advantageous to close the descender by means of the second flange ( figure 4 ).
  • the displacement of the cam 2 causes a movement of the handle 5 from a storage position to a first use position blocking the rope 3.
  • the handle 5 is moved from its first use position blocking the rope 3 until at a descent position which allows the circulation of the rope 3.
  • the cam 2 is not mechanically linked to the handle 5 during this movement between the first use position and the descent position. As indicated above, the movement of the handle from the first use position and the descent position does not change the separation distance between the side wall of the cam and the side wall of the first flange, that is, say does not change the stress applied on the string 3.
  • the second flange 9 is secured to the first flange 1.
  • the second flange 9 is preferably rotatably mounted about the axis 9a which is fixed to the first flange. The rotation of the second flange 9 opens or closes the chute to allow or prohibit the insertion of the rope or its extraction.
  • the movement of the second flange 9 relative to the first flange 1 is blocked by the axis of rotation 2a and the cam 2 and / or by the axis 5a of the handle 5 to define the closed position of the descender.
  • the first flange 1 has a closed hole for fixing a connector connecting the descender to the user, for example a carabiner.
  • the second flange 9 comprises also an orifice which is closed by means of a movable closure element 10.

Abstract

Le descendeur autobloquant pour corde (3) comporte un premier flasque (1) et une came (2) montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque (1) successivement entre une première position, une position de blocage de la corde (3) et une position de circulation de la corde (3) dans le premier flasque (1). Il comporte également une poignée (5) montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque (1) successivement entre une position de rangement, une première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde (3) et une position de circulation de la corde (3). Un premier ressort connecté au premier flasque (1) et a la poignée (5) de manière a ramener la poignée (5) vers la position de rangement. La came (2) est liée mécaniquement a la poignée (5) de manière intermittente de sorte qu'un déplacement de la came (2) depuis la première position vers sa position de blocage de la corde (3) entraine un déplacement de la poignée (5) depuis sa position de rangement jusqu'a la première position d'utilisation. La poignée (5) n'est pas liée mécaniquement a la came (2) entre la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde (3) et une position de circulation de la corde (3).The self-locking rope descender (3) comprises a first flange (1) and a cam (2) movably mounted relative to the first flange (1) successively between a first position, a locking position of the rope (3) and a position of circulation of the rope (3) in the first flange (1). It also comprises a handle (5) movably mounted relative to the first flange (1) successively between a storage position, a first use position blocking the rope (3) and a running position of the rope (3). A first spring connected to the first flange (1) and the handle (5) so as to return the handle (5) to the storage position. The cam (2) is mechanically linked to the handle (5) intermittently so that a displacement of the cam (2) from the first position to its locking position of the rope (3) causes movement of the handle (5) from its storage position to the first use position. The handle (5) is not mechanically linked to the cam (2) between the first use position blocking the rope (3) and a running position of the rope (3).

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention est relative à un descendeur autobloquant sur corde.The invention relates to a self-locking rope descender.

L'invention est également relative à un procédé d'utilisation d'un tel descendeur autobloquant.The invention also relates to a method of using such a self-locking descender.

État de la techniqueState of the art

Lors de travaux acrobatiques, le cordiste se déplace le long d'une corde entre différents postes de travail. De manière classique, le travailleur acrobatique descend le long de la corde jusqu'à atteindre son poste de travail. A ce moment, le travailleur acrobatique bloque la corde à l'intérieur du descendeur de manière à pouvoir réaliser les différentes opérations liées au poste de travail.During acrobatic work, the stringist moves along a rope between different workstations. Conventionally, the acrobatic worker descends along the rope to reach his workstation. At this moment, the acrobatic worker blocks the rope inside the descender so that the various operations related to the workstation can be performed.

Le travailleur acrobatique étant installé en hauteur, il est nécessaire d'opérer prudemment afin de ne pas compromettre sa sécurité en retirant le blocage de la corde.The acrobatic worker being installed high, it is necessary to operate carefully so as not to compromise his safety by removing the blockage of the rope.

De manière classique, le descendeur comporte une position de blocage où la corde est bloquée à l'intérieur du descendeur. Cette position est utilisée lorsque le travailleur acrobatique est sur son poste de travail. Le descendeur comporte également une position de descente dans laquelle la corde peut coulisser à l'intérieur du descendeur et ainsi autoriser une descente de l'utilisateur le long de la corde.Typically, the chute has a locking position where the rope is locked inside the descender. This position is used when the acrobatic worker is at his workstation. The descender also has a descent position in which the rope can slide inside the descender and thus allow a descent of the user along the rope.

De manière classique, le descendeur comporte un premier flasque qui définit un chemin de circulation de la corde dans le descendeur.In a conventional manner, the descender comprises a first flange which defines a running path of the rope in the descender.

Le descendeur comporte également une came qui se déplace à l'intérieur du premier flasque et qui vient en contact de la corde afin de la bloquer à l'intérieur du descendeur ou pour moduler une force de frottement autorisant un glissement de la corde à l'intérieur du descendeur.The descender also includes a cam which moves inside the first flange and which comes into contact with the rope in order to block it inside the descender or to modulate a friction force allowing a sliding of the rope to the rope. inside the descender.

La poignée est liée mécaniquement à la came directement ou indirectement de sorte que la rotation de la poignée par rapport au premier flasque entraine un déplacement de la came entre sa position bloquant la corde et une position autorisant un glissement de la corde.The handle is mechanically linked to the cam directly or indirectly so that the rotation of the handle relative to the first flange causes a displacement of the cam between its position blocking the rope and a position allowing a sliding of the rope.

Lorsque le travailleur acrobatique intervient sur son poste de travail, il utilise de nombreux outils qui peuvent interagir avec le descendeur de manière non-intentionnelle.When the acrobatic worker intervenes on his workstation, he uses many tools that can interact with the chute unintentionally.

Afin de réduire ce type de risque, des travaux sont réalisés sur la forme du descendeur afin de limiter les possibilités d'interactions avec les autres outils du travailleur acrobatique. Quelques descendeurs présentent une poignée qui peut se déplacer entre plusieurs positions d'utilisation et notamment une position de rangement, une position de blocage, une position d'assurage et une position de descente. Le passage d'une position d'utilisation à une autre position d'utilisation est réalisé par l'utilisateur. Il apparaît que l'ergonomie d'utilisation du descendeur peut être améliorée.To reduce this type of risk, work is being done on the shape of the chute to limit the possibilities of interactions with the other tools of the acrobatic worker. Some descenders have a handle that can move between several positions of use including a storage position, a locking position, a belay position and a descent position. The transition from one use position to another use position is performed by the user. It appears that the usability of the descender can be improved.

Il est également connu de réaliser des descendeurs qui possèdent une position dite « anti-panique ». Ces descendeurs sont configurés pour que la poignée soit en prise mécanique avec la came jusqu'à une valeur seuil lors de la descente. En d'autres termes, l'utilisateur applique une pression sur la poignée pour moduler le frottement contre la corde et si l'utilisateur atteint une valeur seuil pour laquelle le frottement peut être insuffisant pour descendre en toute sécurité, la poignée s'échappe et perd la connexion mécanique avec la came. La came revient dans sa position de blocage de la corde.It is also known to make descenders that have a position called "anti-panic". These descenders are configured so that the handle is in mechanical engagement with the cam to a threshold value during the descent. In other words, the user applies pressure on the handle to modulate the friction against the rope and if the user reaches a threshold value for which the friction may be insufficient to descend safely, the handle escapes and loses connection mechanical with the cam. The cam returns to its locking position of the rope.

Un tel enseignement est présenté dans le document WO2015/071626 qui divulgue un descendeur où la poignée peut être réarmée en continuant sa course et définir un cercle. La course de la poignée est permet de revenir à sa position initiale où existe la liaison mécanique entre la came et la poignée pour reprendre la descente.Such teaching is presented in the document WO2015 / 071626 which discloses a descender where the handle can be rearmed by continuing its course and define a circle. The stroke of the handle is to return to its original position where there is the mechanical connection between the cam and the handle to resume the descent.

Un enseignement sensiblement équivalent est présent dans le document EP 2 777 772 où la poignée est munie d'un mécanisme de désengagement qui élimine la connexion mécanique avec la came de sorte que la came revienne bloquer la corde.A substantially equivalent teaching is present in the document EP 2 777 772 where the handle is provided with a disengagement mechanism that eliminates the mechanical connection with the cam so that the cam returns to lock the rope.

Cependant, une telle solution n'est pas satisfaisante car cela ne réduit pas le risque d'avoir un équipement qui interagit avec la poignée du descendeur et entraine une descente involontaire.However, such a solution is not satisfactory because it does not reduce the risk of having equipment that interacts with the handle of the descender and leads to an involuntary descent.

Il est également connu de réaliser un descendeur où la came peut être verrouillée pour obtenir un blocage permanent de la corde. Un tel enseignement peut être trouvé dans le document FR2721523 .It is also known to make a descender where the cam can be locked to obtain a permanent locking of the rope. Such teaching can be found in the document FR2721523 .

Objet de l'inventionObject of the invention

L'invention a comme objet de fournir un descendeur autobloquant qui est plus facile à utiliser afin de rendre le descendeur plus sûr.The invention aims to provide a self-locking descender which is easier to use to make the descender safer.

Le descendeur autobloquant est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte :

  • un premier flasque,
  • une came montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque successivement entre une première position, une position de blocage de la corde et une position de circulation de la corde dans le premier flasque,
  • une poignée montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque successivement entre une position de rangement, une première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde et une position de descente qui autorise la circulation de la corde,
  • un premier ressort connecté au premier flasque et à la poignée de manière à ramener la poignée vers la position de rangement.
The self-locking chute is remarkable in that it comprises:
  • a first flask,
  • a cam mounted movable relative to the first flange successively between a first position, a locking position of the rope and a position of circulation of the rope in the first flange,
  • a handle movably mounted relative to the first flange successively between a storage position, a first use position blocking the rope and a descent position which allows the movement of the rope,
  • a first spring connected to the first flange and the handle so as to return the handle to the storage position.

Il est avantageux de prévoir que la came soit liée mécaniquement à la poignée de sorte qu'un déplacement de la came depuis la première position vers sa position de blocage de la corde entraine un déplacement de la poignée depuis sa position de rangement jusqu'à la première position d'utilisation. Il est également préférable de prévoir que la poignée ne soit pas liée mécaniquement à la came entre la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde et une position de descente.It is advantageous to provide that the cam is mechanically linked to the handle so that a displacement of the cam from the first position towards its locking position of the rope causes a movement of the handle from its storage position to the first position of use. It is also preferable to provide that the handle is not mechanically linked to the cam between the first use position blocking the rope and a descent position.

Dans un développement, la poignée est montée mobile en rotation par rapport au premier flasque. La première position d'utilisation de la poignée est placée d'un côté du descendeur et la position de descente de la poignée est placée de l'autre côté du descendeur. Les deux côtés sont séparés par des orifices d'entrée et de sortie de la corde dans le descendeur.In one development, the handle is rotatably mounted relative to the first flange. The first position of use of the handle is placed on one side of the chute and the lowering position of the handle is placed on the other side of the chute. The two sides are separated by inlets and outlets of the rope in the chute.

De manière avantageuse, la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde et la position de descente sont séparées d'un angle au moins égal à 90°.Advantageously, the first use position blocking the rope and the descent position are separated by an angle of at least 90 °.

Préférentiellement, la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde et la position de descente sont séparées d'un angle au moins égal à 120°.Preferably, the first use position blocking the rope and the descent position are separated by an angle at least equal to 120 °.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la came et la poignée sont séparées par le premier flasque.In a particular embodiment, the cam and the handle are separated by the first flange.

Dans une alternative de réalisation, la came possède un pion en saillie coopérant avec une butée de la poignée, la butée présentant des première et deuxième faces opposées. Le pion est en contact de la première face de la butée lorsque la came se trouve entre la première position et la position de blocage de la corde.In an alternative embodiment, the cam has a projecting pin cooperating with a stop of the handle, the stop having first and second opposite faces. The pin is in contact with the first face of the stop when the cam is between the first position and the locking position of the rope.

De manière préférentielle, le pion est en contact de la deuxième face de la butée lorsque la poignée se trouve dans la position de descente.Preferably, the pin is in contact with the second face of the stop when the handle is in the down position.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation avantageux, le pion est dépourvu de contact avec la butée lorsque la poignée se trouve entre la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde et une position de descente.In another advantageous embodiment, the pin has no contact with the stop when the handle is between the first use position blocking the rope and a descent position.

Dans un autre développement, le pion passe au travers du premier flasque. Le déplacement du pion est délimité par un orifice possédant des première et deuxième extrémités opposées, le pion étant en contact de la première extrémité lorsque la poignée est dans la position de rangement.In another development, the pawn passes through the first flange. The movement of the pin is defined by an orifice having first and second opposite ends, the pin being in contact with the first end when the handle is in the storage position.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé d'utilisation d'un descendeur autobloquant qui est plus facile à mettre en oeuvre.The invention also relates to a method of using a self-locking descender which is easier to implement.

Le procédé d'utilisation d'un descendeur autobloquant est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte:

  • fournir un descendeur selon l'un des différents modes de réalisation présentés précédemment,
  • insérer une corde dans le premier flasque de manière à déplacer la came depuis une position de rangement jusqu'à une position de blocage de la corde, le déplacement de la came entrainant un déplacement de la poignée depuis une position de rangement jusqu'à une première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde,
  • déplacer la poignée depuis sa première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde jusqu'à une position de descente, la came n'étant pas liée mécaniquement à la poignée durant ledit déplacement.
The method of using a self-locking descender is remarkable in that it comprises:
  • supply a descender according to one of the various embodiments presented above,
  • inserting a rope into the first flange so as to move the cam from a storage position to a locking position of the rope, the displacement of the cam causing a displacement of the handle from a storage position to a first use position blocking the rope,
  • moving the handle from its first use position blocking the rope to a down position, the cam not being mechanically linked to the handle during said movement.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente, de manière schématique, une vue de dessus d'un descendeur fermé en position de rangement,
  • la figure 2 représente, de manière schématique, une vue de dessus d'un descendeur ouvert en position de rangement,
  • la figure 3 représente, de manière schématique, une vue de dessus d'un descendeur ouvert avec insertion de la corde, la poignée se trouvant dans une première position bloquant la corde,
  • la figure 4 représente, de manière schématique, une vue de dessus d'un descendeur fermé avec insertion de la corde, la poignée se trouvant dans la première position bloquant la corde,
  • la figure 5 représente, de manière schématique, une vue de dessus d'un descendeur fermé avec insertion de la corde avec la poignée dans une position de descente,
  • la figure 6 représente, de manière schématique, une vue en coupe d'un descendeur montrant la poignée dans sa position de rangement,
  • la figure 7 représente, de manière schématique, une coupe d'un descendeur montrant la poignée dans la position bloquant la corde,
  • la figure 8 représente, de manière schématique, une coupe d'un descendeur montrant la poignée dans une position d'utilisation qui autorise un déplacement de la corde dans le descendeur.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents, schematically, a top view of a closed descender in storage position,
  • the figure 2 represents, schematically, a top view of an open descender in storage position,
  • the figure 3 schematically represents a top view of an open descender with insertion of the rope, the handle being in a first position blocking the rope,
  • the figure 4 schematically represents a plan view of a closed chute with insertion of the rope, the handle being in the first position blocking the rope,
  • the figure 5 schematically represents a top view of a closed descender with insertion of the rope with the handle in a descent position,
  • the figure 6 schematically represents a sectional view of a chute showing the handle in its storage position,
  • the figure 7 schematically represents a section of a descender showing the handle in the position blocking the rope,
  • the figure 8 schematically represents a section of a descender showing the handle in a position of use which allows a movement of the rope in the descender.

Description détailléedetailed description

Comme illustré aux figures 1 à 8, le descendeur autobloquant comporte un premier flasque 1 et une came 2 qui est montée sur le premier flasque 1. La came 2 est montée mobile sur le premier flasque 1 et de manière préférentielle mobile en rotation ce qui facilite la réalisation du descendeur et l'utilisation de la came 2. Cependant, en alternative, il est possible de prévoir que le mouvement de la came 2 par rapport au premier flasque 1 soit différent d'une rotation ou comporte une rotation et un autre mouvement. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, la came 2 est montée mobile autour de l'axe 2a. Comme illustré sur les différentes figures, le premier flasque 1 définit un chemin de circulation de corde 3 au moyen d'une paroi latérale de sorte que la corde 3 circule autour de la came 2, plus précisément entre la came 2 et la paroi latérale du premier flasque 1.As illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 , the self-locking descender comprises a first flange 1 and a cam 2 which is mounted on the first flange 1. The cam 2 is mounted to move on the first flange 1 and preferably rotatable which facilitates the realization of the descender and the However, alternatively, it is possible to provide that the movement of the cam 2 relative to the first flange 1 is different from a rotation or comprises a rotation and another movement. In the illustrated embodiment, the cam 2 is mounted to move about the axis 2a. As illustrated in the various figures, the first flange 1 defines a rope circulation path 3 by means of a side wall so that the rope 3 circulates around the cam 2, more precisely between the cam 2 and the side wall of the cam. first flange 1.

Dans son mouvement, la came 2 se déplace successivement entre une première position de came, une deuxième position de came dite position de blocage de la corde 3 et une troisième position de came dite position de descente autorisant le circulation de la corde 3 dans le premier flasque 1. La première position de came est une position de rangement où la corde 3 n'est pas encore installée dans le descendeur ce qui correspond aux figures 1, 2 et 6. La position de descente est une position autorisant la descente de l'utilisateur le long de la corde et donc le glissement de la corde contre la came 2. La position de descente est illustrée sur les figures 5 et 8. La position de blocage est illustrée sur les figures 3, 4, 5 et 7 In its movement, the cam 2 moves successively between a first cam position, a second cam position said locking position of the rope 3 and a third cam position said descent position allowing the circulation of the rope 3 in the first flange 1. The first cam position is a storage position where the rope 3 is not yet installed in the chute which corresponds to the figures 1 , 2 and 6 . The descent position is a position permitting the descent of the user along the rope and thus the sliding of the rope against the cam 2. The descent position is illustrated on the figures 5 and 8 . The blocking position is illustrated on the figures 3 , 4 , 5 and 7

Dans un premier sens de déplacement de la came représenté aux figures 2 et 3, la came 2 se déplace depuis la première position de came jusqu'à la position de blocage de la corde 3 et ensuite jusqu'à la position de descente. De manière avantageuse, un mouvement de la came 2 dans le sens opposé est également possible. Les première, deuxième et troisième positions de came successives représentent trois distances croissantes entre une paroi latérale du premier flasque 1 et une paroi latérale de la came 2. Avantageusement, la première position de la came correspond à la distance minimale entre la paroi latérale de la came et la paroi latérale du premier flasque 1 formant le chemin de circulation de la corde 3.In a first direction of displacement of the cam shown in FIGS. figures 2 and 3 the cam 2 moves from the first cam position to the locking position of the rope 3 and then to the descent position. Advantageously, a movement of the cam 2 in the opposite direction is also possible. The first, second and third successive cam positions represent three increasing distances between a side wall of the first flange 1 and a side wall of the cam 2. Advantageously, the first position of the cam corresponds to the minimum distance between the side wall of the cam. cam and the side wall of the first flange 1 forming the circulation path of the rope 3.

Il est avantageux de prévoir plusieurs positions de descente de la came 2 qui autorisent la circulation de la corde 3 dans le premier flasque 1, c'est-à-dire le glissement de la corde 3. Il est donc possible d'avoir plusieurs positions de descente permettant la circulation de la corde 3 dans le premier flasque 1. Les différentes positions de descente sont associées à différentes forces de frottement de la came 2 contre la corde 3 ce qui représente différentes forces d'appui de la came 2 contre la corde 3 qui est bloquée contre une paroi latérale 4 d'un chemin de circulation de la corde 3 dans le premier flasque 1. Ces différentes forces de frottement représentent différentes distances entre la paroi latérale du premier flasque 1 et la paroi latérale de la came 2It is advantageous to provide several positions of descent of the cam 2 which allow the circulation of the rope 3 in the first flange 1, that is to say the sliding of the rope 3. It is therefore possible to have several positions descending for the circulation of the rope 3 in the first flange 1. The different descent positions are associated with different friction forces of the cam 2 against the rope 3 which represents different bearing forces of the cam 2 against the rope 3 which is locked against a side wall 4 of a circulation path of the rope 3 in the first flange 1. These different friction forces represent different distances between the side wall of the first flange 1 and the side wall of the cam 2

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux illustré sur les figures 2 et 3, la modulation de l'intensité des forces de frottement est réalisée de manière continue en modulant la forme de la paroi latérale de la came 2 afin de moduler l'espace qui existe entre la paroi latérale de la came 2 et la paroi latérale 4 du chemin de circulation défini par le premier flasque 1.In an advantageous embodiment illustrated on the figures 2 and 3 , the modulation of the intensity of the friction forces is carried out continuously by modulating the shape of the side wall of the cam 2 in order to modulate the space that exists between the side wall of the cam 2 and the side wall 4 of the circulation path defined by the first flange 1.

Le descendeur comporte encore une poignée 5 qui est montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque 1. La poignée 5 est montée mobile successivement entre une position de rangement, une première position de poignée dite position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3 et une deuxième position de poignée dite position de descente autorisant la circulation de la corde 3.The descender further comprises a handle 5 which is mounted movably relative to the first flange 1. The handle 5 is mounted successively movable between a storage position, a first position of handle said position of use blocking the rope 3 and a second handle position said down position allowing the circulation of the rope 3.

Dans un premier sens de mouvement illustré par les figures 2, 3 et 5 et 6, 7 et 8, la poignée 5 se déplace depuis la position de rangement jusqu'à la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3 et jusqu'à la position de descente autorisant la circulation de la corde 3. De manière avantageuse, un mouvement de la poignée 5 dans le sens opposé est également possible.In a first direction of movement illustrated by figures 2 , 3 and 5 and 6 , 7 and 8 , the handle 5 moves from the storage position to the first use position blocking the rope 3 and down to the position of descent allowing the circulation of the rope 3. Advantageously, a movement of the handle 5 in the opposite direction is also possible.

Le descendeur comporte également un premier ressort 6 connecté au premier flasque 1 et à la poignée 5 de manière à ramener la poignée 5 vers la position de rangement. Le ressort 6 est illustré sur les figures 6, 7 et 8. Le ressort 6 est illustré par un ressort en torsion car ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement efficace et compact. Cependant, un autre type de ressort peut être utilisé.The chute also has a first spring 6 connected to the first flange 1 and the handle 5 so as to return the handle 5 to the storage position. Spring 6 is illustrated on the figures 6 , 7 and 8 . The spring 6 is illustrated by a torsion spring because this embodiment is particularly effective and compact. However, another type of spring can be used.

Il est particulièrement avantageux d'utiliser un ressort 6 afin d'écarter la poignée de la position de descente et éventuellement afin de ramener la poignée 5 vers la position de rangement car cela permet de protéger la poignée 5 lorsqu'elle n'est pas utilisée. La poignée 5 étant un élément en saillie du descendeur pour faciliter l'utilisation du descendeur, elle peut se trouver en flexion lorsqu'elle s'ouvre à l'intérieur d'un sac. En cas de choc, la poignée 5 peut être cassée ce qui rend inutilisable le descendeur. En ramenant la poignée 5 dans la position de blocage, le chemin à parcourir pour atteindre la position de descente est plus important ce qui augmente la sécurité de la position de blocage.It is particularly advantageous to use a spring 6 to move the handle from the down position and possibly to bring the handle 5 to the storage position as this protects the handle 5 when not in use . The handle 5 is a protruding element of the descender to facilitate the use of the descender, it can be bending when it opens inside a bag. In case of shock, the handle 5 can be broken which makes unusable the descender. By returning the handle 5 to the blocking position, the path to reach the descent position is greater, which increases the safety of the locking position.

En alternative, un point de fixation intermédiaire de la poignée 5 peut être formé le long du chemin de déplacement de la poignée 5 pour bloquer la poignée 5 entre la position de descente et la première position notamment lorsque la poignée 5 est lâchée par l'utilisateur. Ce mode de réalisation permet d'éviter à l'utilisateur de rechercher, plus tard, la poignée 5 pour engager une descente le long de la corde.Alternatively, an intermediate attachment point of the handle 5 may be formed along the path of movement of the handle 5 to lock the handle 5 between the down position and the first position in particular when the handle 5 is released by the user. This embodiment avoids the user to search, later, the handle 5 to engage a descent along the rope.

Il arrive également qu'en cours d'utilisation, la poignée 5 du descendeur se coince dans une corde ou dans un outil ce qui gêne le travail de l'utilisateur. En rabattant la poignée 5 dans sa position de blocage, les risques de coincement sont réduits.It also happens that in use, the handle 5 of the chute gets stuck in a rope or in a tool which hinders the work of the user. By folding the handle 5 in its locking position, the risk of jamming are reduced.

Il est particulièrement avantageux de prévoir que, dans sa position de rangement, la poignée 5 vienne en contact ou soit alignée avec la paroi latérale externe du premier flasque 1. Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, la paroi latérale interne de la poignée 5 vient en contact de la paroi latérale externe du premier flasque 1 ou est alignée avec la paroi latérale externe du premier flasque 1. Il est avantageux de prévoir que la forme de la paroi externe de la poignée suive la forme du premier flasque lorsque la poignée est dans sa position de rangement. Cette configuration permet de réduire les risques d'actionnements non désirés de la poignée 5.It is particularly advantageous to provide that, in its storage position, the handle 5 comes into contact or is aligned with the outer side wall of the first flange 1. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the inner side wall of the handle 5 comes in contact with the outer side wall of the first flange 1 or is aligned with the outer side wall of the first flange 1. It is advantageous to provide that the shape of the outer wall of the handle follows the shape of the first flange when the handle is in its storage position. This configuration reduces the risk of unwanted actuations of the handle 5.

Il est avantageux de prévoir que la came 2 soit liée mécaniquement à la poignée 5 de manière intermittente. La connexion mécanique intermittente est configurée de sorte qu'un déplacement de la came 2 depuis la première position de came vers sa position de blocage de la corde 3 entraine un déplacement de la poignée 5 depuis sa position de rangement jusqu'à la première position d'utilisation comme cela est illustré aux figures 1, 2, 3 et 4.It is advantageous to provide that the cam 2 is mechanically linked to the handle 5 intermittently. The intermittent mechanical connection is configured so that a displacement of the cam 2 from the first cam position to its locking position of the rope 3 causes the handle 5 to move from its storage position to the first position of the cam. use as illustrated in figures 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 .

Dans ce cas de figure, lors de l'insertion de la corde 3 dans le descendeur, à l'intérieur du chemin de circulation du premier flasque 1, la corde 3 déplace la came 2. La came 2 se déplace depuis sa première position vers sa position de blocage de la corde 3 ce qui induit un déplacement de la poignée 5. La forme de la came 2 est configurée pour bloquer la corde 3 contre la paroi latérale 4 et avantageusement pour augmenter la force de blocage au fur et à mesure que la tension dans la corde augmente par exemple suite à la suspension de l'utilisateur au moyen du descendeur. La forme de la came 2 est configurée pour être autobloquante.In this case, during the insertion of the rope 3 into the chute, inside the flow path of the first flange 1, the rope 3 moves the cam 2. The cam 2 moves from its first position to its locking position of the rope 3 which induces a movement of the handle 5. The shape of the cam 2 is configured to lock the rope 3 against the side wall 4 and advantageously to increase the blocking force as the tension in the rope increases for example following the suspension of the user by means of the descender. The shape of the cam 2 is configured to be self-locking.

Cette configuration est particulièrement avantageuse, car la corde 3 est automatiquement bloquée lorsqu'elle est insérée dans le descendeur. A titre d'exemple, le document EP montre que l'installation de la corde dans le descendeur est sans effet sur un déplacement de la poignée de sorte que l'utilisateur ne peut pas savoir rapidement si une erreur dans le diamètre de la corde a eu lieu. Il en est de même pour le document WO2015/071626 .This configuration is particularly advantageous because the rope 3 is automatically blocked when it is inserted in the descender. For example, the document EP shows that the installation of the rope in the chute has no effect on a movement of the handle so that the user can not quickly know if an error in the diameter of the rope has occurred. It is the same for the document WO2015 / 071626 .

Comme la came 2 et la poignée 5 sont mécaniquement liées, le déplacement de la came 2 se traduit par un déplacement de la poignée 5 qui quitte la position de rangement pour la première position d'utilisation qui bloque la corde 3. En observant le déplacement de la poignée 5, l'utilisateur constate que la corde 3 est correctement installée dans le descendeur. Cela permet également de vérifier qu'une corde 3 avec un diamètre suffisant a été insérée dans le descendeur. Si le diamètre est trop faible, la poignée 5 ne se déplace pas ce qui indique que le blocage de corde 3 ne se fera pas ou mal.As the cam 2 and the handle 5 are mechanically linked, the displacement of the cam 2 results in a displacement of the handle 5 which leaves the storage position for the first use position which blocks the rope 3. By observing the displacement of the handle 5, the user finds that the rope 3 is correctly installed in the descender. This also makes it possible to check that a rope 3 with a sufficient diameter has been inserted into the chute. If the diameter is too small, the handle 5 does not move indicating that the rope lock 3 will not be done or hurt.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la liaison mécanique entre la came 2 et la poignée 5 est monodirectionnelle de sorte que le mouvement de la came 2 entraine un mouvement de la poignée 5 dans une première direction allant de la position de rangement à la première position bloquant la corde 3. Par exemple, une force appliquée sur la poignée 5 peut empêcher l'insertion de la corde dans le premier flasque 1.In a particular embodiment, the mechanical connection between the cam 2 and the handle 5 is monodirectional so that the movement of the cam 2 causes a movement of the handle 5 in a first direction from the storage position to the first position 3. For example, a force applied to the handle 5 may prevent insertion of the cord into the first flange 1.

Dans une deuxième direction opposée, le mouvement de la came 2 depuis la position de blocage vers la première position n'entraine pas un mouvement de la poignée 5. Le mouvement de la poignée 5 est imposé par le ressort 6 et limité par la came 2. En revanche, le mouvement de la poignée 5 vers la position de rangement entraine le mouvement de la came 2 selon la deuxième direction et avantageusement uniquement selon la deuxième direction. En d'autres termes, un mouvement de la poignée 3 selon la deuxième direction peut être bloqué par la came 2 à cause de la corde 3. De manière avantageuse, un mouvement de la poignée 5 depuis la position de rangement vers la première position de poignée n'entraine pas un déplacement de la came qui reste alors dans la première position de came 2.In a second opposite direction, the movement of the cam 2 from the locking position to the first position does not cause movement of the handle 5. The movement of the handle 5 is imposed by the spring 6 and limited by the cam 2. On the other hand, the movement of the handle 5 towards the storage position causes the movement of the cam 2 in the second direction and advantageously only in the second direction. In other words, a movement of the handle 3 in the second direction can be blocked by the cam 2 because of the rope 3. Advantageously, a movement of the handle 5 from the storage position to the first position of handle does not cause a displacement of the cam which then remains in the first cam position 2.

Dans la première position d'utilisation, le ressort 6 exerce une force qui tend à ramener la poignée 5 vers la position de rangement ce qui se traduit par l'application d'une force sur la came 2 forçant le blocage de la corde 3. De cette manière, la sécurité est renforcée lorsque l'utilisateur n'utilise pas le descendeur, c'est-à-dire lorsqu'il n'utilise pas la poignée 5. Cela permet également en appuyant sur la poignée 5 de rajouter une force sur la came 2 qui renforce l'effort de blocage appliqué par la came 2.In the first use position, the spring 6 exerts a force which tends to bring the handle 5 towards the storage position which results in the application of a force on the cam 2 forcing the locking of the rope 3. In this way, the security is enhanced when the user does not use the descender, that is to say when he does not use the handle 5. This also allows pressing the handle 5 to add a force on the cam 2 which reinforces the blocking force applied by the cam 2.

Avantageusement, la connexion mécanique entre la poignée 5 et la came 2 est configurée pour que la poignée 5 ne soit pas liée mécaniquement à la came 2 entre la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3 et la position de descente de la poignée 5. Entre ces deux positions de la poignée, il est particulièrement avantageux de prévoir que la came 2 reste dans sa position de blocage de la corde 3. Ce mode de réalisation est illustré aux figures 3, 4 et 5 où l'on peut observer que le déplacement de la poignée 5 ne s'est pas traduit par un déplacement de came 2 à travers l'orifice de visualisation présente dans le deuxième flasque 9. Cette configuration est différente d'une fonctionnalité de type « anti-panique » où la liaison mécanique s'interrompt lorsque l'utilisateur est en cours de descente et notamment lorsque la liaison mécanique est configurée pour qu'un déplacement de la poignée depuis sa position de rangement jusqu'à la position de descente soit sans effet sur la came. Une fois la position de descente atteinte par la poignée, la poignée est liée mécaniquement à la came 2 de sorte qu'une continuation du mouvement de la poignée se traduise par un déplacement de la came.Advantageously, the mechanical connection between the handle 5 and the cam 2 is configured so that the handle 5 is not mechanically linked to the cam 2 between the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the lowering position of the handle 5. Between these two positions of the handle, it is particularly advantageous to provide that the cam 2 remains in its locking position of the rope 3. This embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. figures 3 , 4 and 5 where it can be observed that the displacement of the handle 5 has not resulted in a displacement of cam 2 through the viewing orifice present in the second flange 9. This configuration is different from a type of function " anti-panic "where the mechanical connection is interrupted when the user is in the process of descent and in particular when the mechanical connection is configured so that a movement of the handle from its storage position to the descent position has no effect on the cam. Once the descent position reached by the handle, the handle is mechanically linked to the cam 2 so that a continuation of the movement of the handle results in a displacement of the cam.

Il est possible de prévoir qu'il existe une position intermédiaire entre la première position de la poignée 5 qui bloque la corde 3 et la position de descente. Dans cette position intermédiaire, la poignée 5 n'est pas liée mécaniquement à la came 2 de sorte que la came 2 reste dans sa position de blocage de la corde 3.It is possible to provide that there is an intermediate position between the first position of the handle 5 which blocks the rope 3 and the position of descent. In this intermediate position, the handle 5 is not mechanically linked to the cam 2 so that the cam 2 remains in its locking position of the rope 3.

Cette configuration est avantageuse car une force appliquée sur la poignée 5 et qui peut entrainer un déplacement non volontaire de la poignée 5 ne va pas se traduire par un déblocage de la came 2 et donc par une descente non désirée de l'utilisateur. Dans un premier cas de figure, la force appliquée sur la poignée 5 vient augmenter la force de blocage de la came 2 sur la corde 3. Dans un autre cas de figure, la force appliquée sur la poignée 5 déplace la poignée 5 dans l'autre direction. En découplant mécaniquement la poignée 5 et la came 2, le déplacement de la poignée 5 est sans incidence sur le blocage de la corde 3 par la came 2. La sécurité est améliorée.This configuration is advantageous because a force applied to the handle 5 and which may cause a non-voluntary movement of the handle 5 will not result in an unlocking of the cam 2 and therefore by an undesired descent of the user. In a first case, the force applied on the handle 5 increases the locking force of the cam 2 on the rope 3. In another case, the force applied on the handle 5 moves the handle 5 in the other direction. By mechanically decoupling the handle 5 and the cam 2, the movement of the handle 5 has no effect on the locking of the rope 3 by the cam 2. The safety is improved.

L'utilisateur doit donc déplacer la poignée 5 d'une distance prédéfinie afin d'atteindre la position de descente où une circulation de la corde 3 est possible. Lorsque la poignée 5 atteint la position de descente, un nouveau couplage mécanique apparaît entre la came 2 et la poignée 5. La poignée 5 entre en contact avec la came 2 de manière à réduire la force de blocage et autorise un défilement de la corde 3 le long du chemin de circulation. Un déplacement de la poignée pour s'éloigner de la première position de poignée, par exemple en continuant la rotation de la poignée se traduit par un déplacement de la came. Le déplacement de la came augmente la distance de séparation entre la paroi latérale de la came et la paroi latérale du premier flasque ce qui réduit la force de frottement appliquée sur la corde 3. La corde 3 peut alors se déplacer de plus en plus facilement et l'utilisateur peut gérer sa vitesse de descente en gérant la force de frottement.The user must therefore move the handle 5 by a predefined distance to reach the descent position where a movement of the rope 3 is possible. When the handle 5 reaches the down position, a new mechanical coupling appears between the cam 2 and the handle 5. The handle 5 comes into contact with the cam 2 so as to reduce the locking force and allows the rope to run 3 along the road. A movement of the handle to move away from the first handle position, for example by continuing the rotation of the handle results in a displacement of the cam. Displacement of the cam increases the separation distance between the side wall of the cam and the side wall the first flange which reduces the friction force applied to the rope 3. The rope 3 can then move more and more easily and the user can manage its descent rate by managing the friction force.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le couplage mécanique entre la poignée 5 et la came 2 se fait selon la deuxième direction et avantageusement uniquement selon la deuxième direction.In a particular embodiment, the mechanical coupling between the handle 5 and the cam 2 is in the second direction and preferably only in the second direction.

Si la poignée 5 est lâchée par l'utilisateur, le ressort 6 ramène la poignée 5 vers la position de rangement. Comme une corde 3 est insérée dans le descendeur, la poignée 5 va rester dans la première position d'utilisation ce qui va appuyer sur la came 2 pour renforcer le blocage de la corde 3. En alternative, la poignée 5 peut rester en position intermédiaire.If the handle 5 is released by the user, the spring 6 returns the handle 5 to the storage position. As a rope 3 is inserted in the chute, the handle 5 will remain in the first use position which will press the cam 2 to strengthen the locking of the rope 3. Alternatively, the handle 5 can remain in the intermediate position .

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, la poignée 5 est montée en rotation par rapport au premier flasque 1 ce qui facilite l'utilisation du descendeur. Afin d'augmenter la sécurité, il est particulièrement intéressant de prévoir que la première position d'utilisation de la poignée 5 soit placée d'un côté du descendeur et la position de descente avec circulation de la corde 3 soit placée de l'autre côté du descendeur. Les deux côtés sont séparés par des orifices d'entrée et de sortie de la corde 3 dans le descendeur. L'un des deux orifices est associé au brin de corde 3 relié au point supérieur qui est préférentiellement un point fixe. Ce brin de corde 3 est tendu ce qui forme une barrière naturelle à de nombreux éléments qui peuvent s'accrocher dans la poignée 5 et éventuellement entrainer un début de rotation de la poignée.In an advantageous embodiment, the handle 5 is rotatably mounted relative to the first flange 1 which facilitates the use of the descender. In order to increase safety, it is particularly advantageous to provide that the first position of use of the handle 5 is placed on one side of the descender and the position of descent with circulation of the rope 3 is placed on the other side of the descender. The two sides are separated by inlets and outlets of the rope 3 in the chute. One of the two orifices is associated with the rope strand 3 connected to the upper point which is preferably a fixed point. This strand of rope 3 is stretched which forms a natural barrier to many elements that can catch in the handle 5 and possibly lead to a beginning of rotation of the handle.

De manière encore plus avantageuse, la poignée 5 est configurée pour que la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3 et la position de descente soient séparées d'un angle au moins égal à 90°. L'angle est mesuré dans le plan de rotation de la poignée 5. Pour réduire encore plus les risques, la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3 et la position de descente sont séparées d'un angle au moins égal à 120°Even more advantageously, the handle 5 is configured so that the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the lowering position are separated by an angle of at least 90 °. The angle is measured in the plane of rotation of the handle 5. To further reduce the risks, the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the descent position are separated by an angle at least equal to 120 °

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la came 2 et la poignée 5 sont séparées par le premier flasque 1. Cette configuration est particulièrement intéressante car elle permet de faciliter l'insertion de la corde 3 dans le chemin de circulation défini par le premier flasque 1.In a particular embodiment, the cam 2 and the handle 5 are separated by the first flange 1. This configuration is particularly interesting because it facilitates the insertion of the rope 3 in the flow path defined by the first flange 1 .

De manière préférentielle illustrée aux figures 6, 7 et 8, la came 2 possède ou est associée à un pion 7 en saillie coopérant avec une butée 8 de la poignée 5 ce qui permet de réaliser le lien mécanique entre les deux éléments. La butée 8 de la poignée 5 présente des première et deuxième faces opposées 8a et 8b. Le pion 7 est en contact de la première face 8a de la butée 8 lorsque la came 2 se trouve entre sa position de rangement et sa position de blocage de la corde 3. De cette manière, il est particulièrement facile d'obtenir un contact mécanique intermittent entre la came 2 et la poignée 5. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la butée 8 est représentée monobloc et pleine. Cependant, en alternative, la butée peut être creuse et/ou formée par plusieurs éléments distincts.Preferentially illustrated at figures 6 , 7 and 8 the cam 2 has or is associated with a peg 7 projecting cooperating with a stop 8 of the handle 5 which allows for the mechanical connection between the two elements. The stop 8 of the handle 5 has first and second opposite faces 8a and 8b. The pin 7 is in contact with the first face 8a of the stop 8 when the cam 2 is between its storage position and its locking position of the rope 3. In this way, it is particularly easy to obtain a mechanical contact intermittent between the cam 2 and the handle 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the stop 8 is shown in one piece and full. However, as an alternative, the stop may be hollow and / or formed by several distinct elements.

En alternative, la poignée 5 peut comporter un pion 7 qui coopère avec une butée 8 de la came 2.Alternatively, the handle 5 may comprise a pin 7 which cooperates with a stop 8 of the cam 2.

Il est également avantageux de prévoir que le pion 7 soit en contact de la deuxième face 8b de la butée 8 lorsque la poignée 5 se trouve dans sa position de descente. Dans cette configuration, la butée 8 tourne autour de l'axe de rotation de la poignée 5 de manière à venir pousser le pion 7 et ainsi déplacer la came 2. Ce mode de réalisation est très avantageux car il est particulièrement efficace et compacte.It is also advantageous to provide that the pin 7 is in contact with the second face 8b of the stop 8 when the handle 5 is in its down position. In this configuration, the stop 8 rotates about the axis of rotation of the handle 5 so as to push the pin 7 and thus move the cam 2. This embodiment is very advantageous because it is particularly effective and compact.

Dans une alternative de réalisation, le pion 7 est dépourvu de contact avec la butée 8 lorsque la poignée 5 se trouve entre la première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3 et la position de descente. Un tel résultat peut être obtenu en modulant la forme de la butée 8 de manière à ce qu'il existe un jeu fonctionnel entre le pion 7 et la butée 8 lorsque la butée 8 est déplacée en rotation.In an alternative embodiment, the pin 7 is devoid of contact with the stop 8 when the handle 5 is between the first use position blocking the rope 3 and the position of descent. Such a result can be obtained by modulating the shape of the stop 8 so that there is a functional clearance between the pin 7 and the stop 8 when the stop 8 is moved in rotation.

De manière avantageuse, le pion 7 passe au travers du premier flasque 1. Le déplacement du pion 7 est délimité par un orifice possédant des première et deuxième extrémités opposées. L'orifice est formé dans le premier flasque 1. Le pion 7 est en contact de la première extrémité lorsque la poignée 5 est dans la position de rangement. Cette configuration permet de fixer la distance minimale qui existe entre la paroi latérale de la came 2 et la paroi latérale 4 du premier flasque 1 définissant le chemin de circulation de la corde 3. En définissant, cette distance minimale, il est plus aisé pour l'utilisateur d'insérer la corde 3 sans forcer sur la came quand l'utilisateur porte des gants.Advantageously, the pin 7 passes through the first flange 1. The displacement of the pin 7 is delimited by an orifice having first and second opposite ends. The orifice is formed in the first flange 1. The pin 7 is in contact with the first end when the handle 5 is in the storage position. This configuration makes it possible to fix the minimum distance that exists between the side wall of the cam 2 and the side wall 4 of the first flange 1 defining the circulation path of the rope 3. By defining this minimum distance, it is easier for the user to insert rope 3 without forcing on the cam when the user wears gloves.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier non représenté, il est possible d'utiliser un deuxième ressort qui est connecté à la came 2 et au premier flasque 1 afin de ramener la came 2 dans sa position de rangement. De manière avantageuse, la raideur du deuxième ressort est inférieure à la raideur du ressort 6. En alternative, il est également possible de prévoir que la raideur du deuxième ressort est supérieure à la raideur du ressort 6. Ce mode de réalisation permet de renforcer le blocage de la corde 3 lorsque la poignée 5 se trouve entre la position de blocage et la position de descente, mais l'insertion de la corde 3 entre la came 2 et le premier flasque 1 est plus difficile.In a particular embodiment not shown, it is possible to use a second spring which is connected to the cam 2 and the first flange 1 in order to return the cam 2 in its storage position. Advantageously, the stiffness of the second spring is lower than the stiffness of the spring 6. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide that the stiffness of the second spring is greater than the stiffness of the spring 6. This embodiment makes it possible to reinforce the locking the rope 3 when the handle 5 is between the locking position and the lowering position, but the insertion of the rope 3 between the cam 2 and the first flange 1 is more difficult.

L'utilisation du descendeur autobloquant peut se faire de la manière suivante. Un descendeur selon l'un des différents modes de réalisation décrits précédemment est fourni. Le descendeur peut être présenté fermé (figure 1) ou ouvert (figure 2). Une corde 3 est insérée dans le premier flasque 1 de manière à déplacer la came 2 depuis une position de rangement jusqu'à une position de blocage de la corde 3 (figure 3). Il est avantageux de fermer le descendeur au moyen du deuxième flasque (figure 4). Le déplacement de la came 2 entraine un déplacement de la poignée 5 depuis une position de rangement jusqu'à une première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3. La poignée 5 est déplacée depuis sa première position d'utilisation bloquant la corde 3 jusqu'à une position de descente qui autorise la circulation de la corde 3. La came 2 n'est pas liée mécaniquement à la poignée 5 durant ce déplacement entre la première position d'utilisation et la position de descente. Comme indiqué plus haut, le déplacement de la poignée depuis la première position d'utilisation et la position de descente ne modifie pas la distance de séparation entre la paroi latérale de la came et la paroi latérale du premier flasque, c'est-à-dire ne modifie pas la contrainte appliquée sur la corde 3.The use of the interlocking descender can be done in the following manner. A descender according to one of the various embodiments previously described is provided. The chute can be presented closed ( figure 1 ) or open ( figure 2 ). A rope 3 is inserted into the first flange 1 so as to move the cam 2 from a storage position to a locking position of the rope 3 ( figure 3 ). It is advantageous to close the descender by means of the second flange ( figure 4 ). The displacement of the cam 2 causes a movement of the handle 5 from a storage position to a first use position blocking the rope 3. The handle 5 is moved from its first use position blocking the rope 3 until at a descent position which allows the circulation of the rope 3. The cam 2 is not mechanically linked to the handle 5 during this movement between the first use position and the descent position. As indicated above, the movement of the handle from the first use position and the descent position does not change the separation distance between the side wall of the cam and the side wall of the first flange, that is, say does not change the stress applied on the string 3.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le deuxième flasque 9 est solidaire du premier flasque 1. Le deuxième flasque 9 est préférentiellement monté mobile en rotation autour de l'axe 9a qui est fixé au premier flasque. La rotation du deuxième flasque 9 permet d'ouvrir ou de fermer le descendeur pour autoriser ou interdire l'insertion de la corde ou son extraction.In one embodiment, the second flange 9 is secured to the first flange 1. The second flange 9 is preferably rotatably mounted about the axis 9a which is fixed to the first flange. The rotation of the second flange 9 opens or closes the chute to allow or prohibit the insertion of the rope or its extraction.

De manière avantageuse, le mouvement du deuxième flasque 9 par rapport au premier flasque 1 est bloqué par l'axe de rotation 2a et la came 2 et/ou par l'axe 5a de la poignée 5 pour définir la position fermée du descendeur.Advantageously, the movement of the second flange 9 relative to the first flange 1 is blocked by the axis of rotation 2a and the cam 2 and / or by the axis 5a of the handle 5 to define the closed position of the descender.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le premier flasque 1 comporte un orifice fermé destiné à la fixation d'un connecteur reliant le descendeur à l'utilisateur, par exemple un mousqueton. Le deuxième flasque 9 comporte également un orifice qui est fermé au moyen d'un élément de fermeture mobile 10.In the illustrated embodiment, the first flange 1 has a closed hole for fixing a connector connecting the descender to the user, for example a carabiner. The second flange 9 comprises also an orifice which is closed by means of a movable closure element 10.

Claims (10)

Descendeur autobloquant pour corde (3) comportant: - un premier flasque (1) muni d'une paroi latérale définissant un chemin de circulation de corde (3), - une came (2) montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque (1) pour définir successivement une première position de came (2) où une paroi latérale de la came (2) est séparée la paroi latérale du chemin de circulation de corde (3) d'une première distance, une deuxième position de came (2) où la paroi latérale de la came (2) est séparée de la paroi latérale du chemin de circulation de corde (3) d'une deuxième distance supérieure à la première distance et une troisième position de came (2) où la paroi latérale de la came (2) est séparée de la paroi latérale du chemin de circulation de corde (3) d'une troisième distance supérieure à la deuxième première distance, - une poignée (5) montée mobile par rapport au premier flasque (1) pour définir successivement une position de rangement, une première position de poignée et une deuxième position de poignée, - un premier ressort (6) connecté au premier flasque (1) et à la poignée (5) de manière à ramener la poignée (5) vers la position de rangement, descendeur caractérisé en ce que la came (2) est liée mécaniquement à la poignée (5) de sorte qu'un déplacement de la came (2) depuis la première position de came vers sa deuxième position de came entraine un déplacement de la poignée (5) depuis sa position de rangement jusqu'à la première position de poignée, en ce que la poignée (5) n'est pas liée mécaniquement à la came (2) lorsque la poignée se déplace entre la première position de poignée et la deuxième position de poignée et en ce que la poignée (5) est liée mécaniquement à la came (2) lorsque la poignée atteint et se déplace au-delà de la deuxième position de poignée.Self-locking descender for rope (3) comprising: a first flange (1) provided with a lateral wall defining a rope circulation path (3), a cam (2) movably mounted relative to the first flange (1) for successively defining a first cam position (2) where a side wall of the cam (2) is separated from the side wall of the rope circulation path (3); ) a first distance, a second cam position (2) where the side wall of the cam (2) is separated from the side wall of the rope circulation path (3) by a second distance greater than the first distance and a third cam position (2) where the side wall of the cam (2) is separated from the side wall of the rope circulation path (3) by a third distance greater than the second first distance, - A handle (5) movably mounted relative to the first flange (1) for successively defining a storage position, a first handle position and a second handle position, - a first spring (6) connected to the first flange (1) and the handle (5) so as to bring the handle (5) to the storage position, descender characterized in that the cam (2) is mechanically linked to the handle (5) so that a displacement of the cam (2) from the first cam position towards its second cam position causes movement of the handle ( 5) from its storage position to the first handle position, in that the handle (5) is not mechanically linked to the cam (2) when the handle moves between the first handle position and the second handle position and in that the handle (5) is mechanically linked to the cam (2) when the handle reaches and moves beyond the second handle position. Descendeur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la poignée (5) est montée mobile en rotation par rapport au premier flasque (1) et en ce que la première position de poignée (5) est placée d'un côté du descendeur et la deuxième position de poignée (5) est placée de l'autre côté du descendeur, les deux côtés étant séparés par des orifices d'entrée et de sortie de la corde (3) dans le descendeur.Descender according to claim 1 characterized in that the handle (5) is rotatably mounted relative to the first flange (1) and in that the first handle position (5) is placed on one side of the descender and the second handle position (5) is placed on the other side of the chute, the two sides being separated by inlet and outlet ports of the rope (3) in the chute. Descendeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que la première position de poignée et la deuxième position de poignée sont séparées d'un angle au moins égal à 90°.Descender according to claim 2 characterized in that the first handle position and the second handle position are separated by an angle of at least 90 °. Descendeur selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que la première position de poignée et la deuxième position de poignée sont séparées d'un angle au moins égal à 120°.Descender according to claim 3 characterized in that the first handle position and the second handle position are separated by an angle of at least 120 °. Descendeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la came (2) et la poignée (5) sont séparées par le premier flasque (1).Descender according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cam (2) and the handle (5) are separated by the first flange (1). Descendeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la came (2) possède un pion (7) en saillie coopérant avec une butée (8) de la poignée (5), la butée (8) présentant des première et deuxième faces opposées (8a, 8b) et dans lequel le pion (7) est en contact de la première face de la butée (8a) lorsque la came (2) se trouve entre la première position de came et la deuxième position de came.Descender according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cam (2) has a pin (7) projecting cooperating with a stop (8) of the handle (5), the stop (8) having first and second opposed faces (8a, 8b) and wherein the pin (7) is in contact with the first face of the stop (8a) when the cam (2) is between the first cam position and the second cam position. Descendeur selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que le pion (7) est en contact de la deuxième face de la butée (8b) lorsque la poignée (5) se trouve dans la deuxième position de butée.Descender according to the preceding claim characterized in that the pin (7) is in contact with the second face of the stop (8b) when the handle (5) is in the second stop position. Descendeur selon l'une des revendications 6 et 7 caractérisé en ce que le pion (7) est dépourvu de contact avec la butée (8) lorsque la poignée (5) se trouve entre la première position de poignée et la deuxième position de poignée.Descender according to one of claims 6 and 7 characterized in that the pin (7) is free from contact with the stop (8) when the handle (5) is between the first handle position and the second handle position. Descendeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le pion (7) passe au travers du premier flasque (1) et en ce que le déplacement du pion (7) est délimité par un orifice possédant des première et deuxième extrémités opposées, le pion (7) étant en contact de la première extrémité lorsque la poignée (5) est dans la position de rangement.Descender according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pin (7) passes through the first flange (1) and in that the displacement of the pin (7) is delimited by an orifice having opposite first and second ends , the pin (7) being in contact with the first end when the handle (5) is in the storage position. Procédé d'utilisation d'un descendeur comportant : - fournir un descendeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, - insérer une corde (3) dans le premier flasque (1) de manière à déplacer la came (2) depuis une première position de came jusqu'à une deuxième position de came assurant un blocage de la corde (3), le déplacement de la came (2) entrainant un déplacement de la poignée (5) depuis une position de rangement jusqu'à une première position de poignée, - déplacer la poignée (5) depuis le première position de poignée jusqu'à une deuxième position de poignée, la came (2) n'étant pas liée mécaniquement à la poignée (5) durant ledit déplacement, - déplacer la poignée au-delà de la deuxième position pour déplacer la came (2) et autoriser un glissement de la corde, la came (2) étant liée mécaniquement à la poignée (5). Method of using a descender comprising: supplying a descender according to any one of the preceding claims, - inserting a rope (3) in the first flange (1) so as to move the cam (2) from a first cam position to a second cam position ensuring a locking of the rope (3), the displacement of the cam (2) causing a movement of the handle (5) from a storage position to a first handle position, moving the handle (5) from the first handle position to a second handle position, the cam (2) not being mechanically linked to the handle (5) during said movement, - move the handle beyond the second position to move the cam (2) and allow a slippage of the rope, the cam (2) being mechanically linked to the handle (5).
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