EP3332053A1

EP3332053A1 - Multilayer fabric and corresponding production method

Info

Publication number: EP3332053A1
Application number: EP16739089.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andreas Rutz
Original assignee: Lindauer Dornier GmbH
Priority date: 2015-08-05
Filing date: 2016-07-12
Publication date: 2018-06-13
Also published as: KR20180048631A; CA2994033A1; WO2017021110A1; AU2016303102A1; TW201708645A; CN108138391A; US20180216262A1; JP2018530679A; DE102015112896B3; RU2018107075A

Abstract

The invention relates to a fabric made of warp and weft threads with a structure in the warp thread direction consisting of at least first, second, and third warp threads (11, 13, 12) which run over one another, wherein: the third warp threads (12) always run between the first and second warp threads (11, 13), the weft threads (16) are guided through alternating sheds (35, 36, 37, 38) between, below and above said at least three warp threads (11, 13, 12), and the third warp threads (12) consist of a different material than the first and the second warp threads (11, 13). The invention likewise relates to a method for producing a multilayer fabric made of warp and weft threads using a loom.

Description

Multi-layer fabric and corresponding manufacturing process

The invention relates to a multi-layered fabric of warp and weft threads and a method for producing such a multi-layered fabric.

Multi-ply fabrics are diverse in a variety of designs and known for a variety of purposes. The US 1, 802,907 A discloses a weaving method with healds having pairs of vertically elongated and aligned Litzenaugen for loose basic warp threads, wherein between each two such pairs in the middle of the strand a Litzenauge low height is provided for a pile chain. With such trained strands can be significantly reduce their necessary number for shedding, since less juxtaposed strands are necessary. Also disturbing friction between warp threads can be avoided. The strands disclosed in US Pat. No. 1,802,907 A can be used in particular for double-plush weaving. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-purpose and robust fabric of several layers, in particular for the production of a molded component, and a corresponding manufacturing method available. This object is achieved by a fabric of warp and weft threads with a construction in the warp direction of at least first, second and third warp threads running one above the other, wherein:

the third warp threads always run between the first and second warp threads,

- The weft threads are guided by changing subjects between and below and above these at least three warp threads, and - The third warp threads made of a different material than the first and the second warp threads.

Due to the multilayer construction with different materials,

Especially with lying between the first and second warp third warp threads a variety of fabric structures with correspondingly different properties and applications can be realized.

For example, the first and second warp yarns of the third warp yarns can have very different physical properties, such as different mechanical properties with respect to e.g. Tear or

Breaking strength, different thermal behavior, have different chemical resistance, etc. By selecting the appropriate materials, the multi-layer fabric can be used for a wide variety of applications.

Particularly preferably, the third warp threads contain a

High-performance material, such as carbon (carbon) or glass. Carbon and glass fibers are usually in a plastic matrix

embedded, so that the third warp threads in this case from a

Composite material exist. Carbon fibers are characterized by their extreme strength and rigidity and low weight. In particular, the fabric according to the invention can be given a very high tensile strength by the use of carbon. In the present case, the warp threads containing a high-performance material or consisting of a high-performance material are also referred to as reinforcing threads.

It is of particular advantage if the third warp threads are designed as tapes or rovings. Tapes are spread thread collections of substantially parallel running threads that are glued together, the tapes have a greater width than height. Tapes are thus robust and inexpensive surface patterns for particular technical Applications. Roving is a bundle, strand or multifilament yarn of parallel filaments (continuous fibers) referred to, which is mainly used in the manufacture of fiber composite plastics (FRP) or fiber-reinforced plastics. The cross-section of a roving is usually elliptical or rectangular. Filaments are the most common

Glass, aramid or carbon combined into rovings. By using the abovementioned thread geometries, it is possible in particular to produce fabrics which can be produced in manifold ways, e.g. in lightweight construction, for example in the automotive sector or in aircraft, can be used.

The first and / or the second warp threads preferably contain at least one thermoplastic material. In a particularly advantageous

Embodiment consist of the first and / or the second warp threads completely made of at least one thermoplastic material. By thermal action, in particular by heating the

fabric according to the invention, the thermoplastic material can be melted, the melt then preferably penetrates between the fibers of the high-performance material. Especially in combination with in-tissue third

Warp threads made of a high-performance material can be realized by means of the invention, a fabric which on the one hand can be excellent shape, on the other hand has a very high tensile strength by the inner third warp threads.

The fabric according to the invention can be used, for example, where clutches of unidirectionally oriented (UD) reinforcing fibers have hitherto been used. Compared to the UD-layers, which are used in the prior art, arises when using the inventive

Tissue an advantage in the adaptation of this fabric with unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibers to the shape of a finished end component. The reinforcing fibers, taken alone, form a UD scrim. By the fabric structure, in which the reinforcing fibers are embedded as third warp threads, prevents these reinforcing fibers from being introduced

Drape or adapt to predetermined shapes are moved in an undesirable manner. The reinforcing fibers are held in position by the surrounding warp and weft threads. If desired, after draping or conforming to a final shape, the entire

Tissue structure are thermally fixed. With this option, the surrounding first and second warp and weft threads become one

made of thermoplastic material.

Accordingly, the invention also makes it possible to produce a formable or deformable fabric, since the plastic matrix of the first and / or second warp threads becomes soft again when the heat input is greater. Thus, inventive fabrics can be formed by hot dies to new, arbitrary geometries. Also are inventive

Fabric is easy to recycle because the carbon or glass fibers can be easily separated from the plastic matrix by heating. Thus, by the invention, a further development of composite materials such

For example, CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) achieved, which consists of cast in a liquid plastic matrix (usually thermosetting plastics) carbon fibers.

Easy handling is beneficial if the materials of the first and second warp yarns are the same. If that

Inventive tissue is heated, for example, from both sides of the fabric, same heating temperatures can be used. In a symmetrical layer structure of the fabric, for example, outer first and second warp threads of the same material, the same geometry and the same thickness and inner third warp threads, can be relatively easily fabric with well predictable shape and mechanical

Realize properties. It is particularly preferred if the first and second warp threads are designed as tapes. This is especially true in the event that the third warp threads are also designed as tapes. The multi-layer fabric consists according to a preferred embodiment exclusively of tapes. Find binding threads to hold the fabric together

especially preferred no application.

Preferably, at least some, most preferably all,

Weft threads at least one thermoplastic material. Furthermore, it is preferred if the weft threads consist entirely of at least one thermoplastic material. Thus, the weft threads may also be part of the thermoplastic matrix covering the third warp threads. In this way, the third warp threads can be completely made of thermoplastic material, namely if the first and second warp threads and the weft threads are all made of one or more thermoplastic

Materials are completely covered, at least from above and from below.

The at least one thermoplastic material is preferably selected from the group consisting i.a. following materials include: olefin

Homo- or copolymer, for example polyethylenes (PE) or

Polypropylene (PP), polyamides (PA), polyurethanes (PU), or other thermoplastic materials. These include z. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polylactate (PLA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone

(PEEK) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Particularly preferably, the first, second and third warp threads and preferably also the weft threads have such a width and are woven into the fabric such that the third warp threads are completely covered by the first and second warp threads and the weft threads from below and above. In this case, all areas of the third warp threads covered. Inn case of thermoplastic first and second warp yarns as well as weft yarns on the one hand and third warp yarns of one

On the other hand, high-performance material can be realized (by heating the fabric, forming and allowing it to cool) to form a closed molded part enclosing all the high-performance fibers. Only thermoplastic material is visible from both sides of the fabric.

According to a correspondingly advantageous embodiment, the first and second warp threads are at least as wide as the third warp threads. In this case, the first and the second warp threads conceal in plan view and in

Bottom view, the third warp yarns preferred completely. Thus, the aforementioned encapsulation of the third warp threads can be realized in a simple manner. According to an advantageous embodiment, in addition to the first, second and third warp threads at least fourth - i. possibly also fifth and possibly also sixth, etc. - warp threads always present between the first and second warp threads and always in a constant position with respect to the third warp threads, i. always either above or below these third warp threads are arranged in the fabric.

As previously indicated, the first and / or the second warp yarns preferably form the outermost fabric structures, and the third warp yarns form the internal fabric structure of a three-layered fabric. However, it is also possible without further tissue with more than three layers.

If, for example, the first warp threads form a layer A, the second warp threads form a layer B and the third warp threads form a layer C or third, fourth and fifth warp threads layers C, C, C ", etc., the following layer structures are possible, for example: C'-B, AC-C'-C "-B. Here, the layers A and B of warp threads of the same nature in terms of

Materials, in particular a thermoplastic material, and geometry exist. It is also possible that the third, fourth, etc. warp threads C, C, etc. consist of or contain the same or different high-performance materials. In further embodiments, for example, the third and fifth warp threads C include a

High-performance material and fourth warp threads a thermoplastic material.

By the invention thus, in particular, a fabric with third

Warp yarns made of a composite material (for example plastic impregnated or plastic coated carbon fibers or glass fibers, etc.) in the form of rovings or tapes, and furthermore first and second warp threads of thermoplastic tapes (PET, PP, PA, etc.). The

Composite material here is preferably completely covered by thermoplastic material in the form of at least the first and second warp threads as well as the weft threads from below and above. The mass or volume ratio of the first and second warp threads and the weft threads to the third warp threads here is preferably the same over the entire surface and can be precisely defined by the choice of the thickness of the thermoplastic tapes used. The incorporated third warp threads are mechanically stably integrated into the surrounding fabric structures and thus, as far as the weave permits, can be draped, i. be applied to curved surfaces. To adapt to the

Contour the semi-finished products are stretched and warped, which changes depending on the binding and suturing the tissues their drapability. In this way, fiber composites and so-called. Prepreg can be produced. In a thermal consolidation, the fabric can be transformed into a dimensionally stable by melting the outer thermoplastic tapes

Fabrics are converted.

The invention likewise comprises a method for producing a multi-ply fabric from warp and weft threads, in particular a fabric as described above. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps:

- There are a variety of in weft direction side by side running warp thread bundles at least consisting of superimposed first, second and third warp threads fed to a shedding device,

the shedding device opens in its web cycles changing compartments between the respective at least three types of warp threads and below and above them in order to guide weft threads through these compartments,

the third warp threads being made of a different material than the first and the second warp threads,

- wherein the first and second warp threads preferably one

contain thermoplastic material, while the third warp threads are preferably made of a high performance material, such as carbon or glass.

This procedure, which is also in effect at the time of filing this

Application DE 10 2014 1 12 468.5, which has not yet been published, and to which reference is hereby made, according to a preferred embodiment, is carried out as follows: In a

Weaving loom several strands are arranged side by side in the weft direction, which is known from the prior art manifold.

Furthermore, in each case one or more strands are arranged one after the other behind at least some of these strands in the warp direction. At least one warp thread is guided through each of the strands thus arranged one behind the other, as a result of which a plurality of warp threads in the warp direction

one above the other and each case a warp pile (a

In weaving, the strands arranged one behind the other in a row are moved non-synchronously, ie alternately, repeatedly upwards and downwards and thus individually positioned in the z-direction This causes successively different

Openings or sheds between superimposed warp threads through which weft threads are entered. The advantages of this embodiment are to be seen in particular in that, in addition to the strands conventionally juxtaposed, further strands are provided, which in the warp direction, ie in the running direction of the warp threads, are behind the aforementioned (known from the prior art).

Strands are arranged. This makes it possible that several warp threads can be guided one above the other. Thus, in addition to the - from the prior art well-known - side by side guided warp threads can introduce more warp threads in the tissue, which are superimposed.

In this case, it is preferred if the warp threads overlap one another in a covering or aligned manner. The term "opaque" is understood here to mean that-viewed from above-all the warp threads of a row of consecutively arranged strands lie within the width of the widest warp thread, generally a tap, but in principle also an offset with only partial coverage of two or more superimposed warp threads possible.

By an alternating upward and downward movement of three strands arranged one behind the other, these strands can be positioned individually and thus also the warp threads guided by these strands. Hereby are

different openings or sheds between the superimposed warp threads realized by which then the weft threads are entered. Such openings are functionally comparable to the known from the prior art sheds, as in both cases

Warp threads (in the case of the invention superimposed warp threads, in the known case adjacent warp threads) in the z direction

moved away from each other to pass a weft.

For the production of the fabric according to the invention so at least three strands for each warp pile are arranged one behind the other, through which at least a total of three warp threads in the warp direction one above the other are guided by alternating upward and downward movement of the warp threads and lead apart to make appropriate weft entries can. In the weft direction in this case a plurality of such rows of three (or more) arranged one behind the other in the warp direction strands is provided.

To produce a complex weave pattern, the warp yarns stacked next to one another in the weft direction are moved relative to one another according to the weaving pattern to be achieved, so that the sheds obtained between the warp yarns with the repeated upward and downward movement of the warp yarns in a row behind or in succession arranged strands the respective Kettfadenstapel and thus generated in the weft direction subjects between the weft in succession

arranged warp thread stacks are coordinated with each other, particularly preferably by means of an electronic machine control.

Each of the strands guided one behind the other in the warp direction preferably each carries a warp thread, i. is designed and arranged for the deflection. In other words, each of these strands is responsible for the up and down movement of a single warp. In an embodiment which is advantageous in this regard, in each of the strands arranged one behind the other in a row in the warp direction, only one stranded eye is provided for deflecting an associated warp thread. By this configuration, a precise control of all warp threads is possible.

The height of the Litzenauges of a strand compared to the height of

Litzenauges another, behind it arranged strand is preferred, substantially identical, or only slightly different, to realize the several, described below preferred layers of superimposed warp threads. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the width of the Litzenaugen of successively arranged strands substantially is the same size, this width is preferably adapted to the maximum width of the tapes to be woven.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at

consecutively arranged strands, the respective front strand, i. the respectively closer to the machine outlet located, at least one and - according to the above - preferably exactly one Litzenauge through which a first warp thread is guided and deflected. This Litzenauge has - for the purpose of said leadership and deflection in the z direction - a lower height than one below or above the said Litzenauges arranged in the z-direction extending slot with greater height for positionally fixed or deflection-free passage of at least one second warp thread , The term

"Fixed in position" here means that the second warp thread is not significantly moved when moving up or down the front strand, but remains in position and the slot laterally limiting rods of the strand are guided along it a arranged closer to the machine input rear strand provided for this purpose at least one and - according to the above - preferably exactly one Litzenauge with lesser height to

Threading and deflecting said second warp in the z direction. This rear strand also has a slot extending in the z-direction and having a greater height than the said strand eye of the rear strand, wherein this slot is then arranged above or below said strand eye. The slot of the rear strand serves for positionally fixed or deflection-free passage of at least said first warp thread.

In this case, preferably that strand whose strand eye leads to the uppermost warp thread of a warp thread stack has a slot below it

Litzenauges on, while the strand, whose Litzenauge the lowest Warp thread of a warp pile leads, having a slot above this Litzenauges.

To produce a fabric according to the invention, in addition to the front and back strands (for the first and second warp threads), at least third center strands (for the third warp threads) are arranged in the warp direction between the respective said front and back strands. In this case, the middle strands preferably each lead a third

Warp thread, for which each middle strand preferably has in each case a corresponding stranded eye for guiding and deflecting such a third warp thread. In weft direction advantageously side by side

arranged several middle strands lead these strands each have a third warp thread, which always runs in the z direction between the respective first and second warp thread of the same warp thread stack. Thus, the inventive fabrics are at least three superimposed

Warp threads possible.

In the case of further middle strands (that is, fourth, fifth, etc.), the strands lying farther back (ie, in the direction of the machine entrance) guide the respectively assigned (fourth, fifth, etc.) warp threads in the z direction between those warp threads which are from the further forward (ie in the direction

Machine exit) and further back arranged strands are guided. Accordingly, the middle strands preferably each have a slot above their Litzenauges and a slot below her Litzenauges.

Since the order of the warp threads in each case a warp pile always remains the same, are in three superimposed warp threads of a

Warp pile four different positions can be realized:

- all three warp threads above the weft insertion level (under

"Weft insertion level" is understood in the present case that level, which of the weft threads when entering into the of the trays formed next to each other in the weft direction arranged warp threads is passed),

all three warp threads below the weft insertion level,

one above and two below the weft insertion level,

two above and one below the weft insertion plane.

In general, n + 1 allowable positions result for n superimposed warp threads. In contrast, only binary positions (warp thread above or below the weft insertion plane) are possible in the prior art.

In contrast to the prior art run - as stated above - at least three warp threads on top of each other and form a warp pile. While in the prior art, each warp thread can take only an upper and a lower position, four positions can be realized with three warp yarns running one above the other.

The respective rows or only sections of these rows of front, middle and rear strands are preferably arranged in each case in heddle shafts, so that in this embodiment, a plurality of heddles are provided one behind the other. Manufacturing and operation are thereby simpler and less expensive.

According to an alternative, the weaving machine according to the invention is as

Jacquard weaving machine formed, wherein the strands are individually movable using a controller.

The invention further relates to a method for processing a

Tissue of the type described above and / or prepared according to the method described above.

Through the fabric structure in which special third warp threads are embedded, prevents these special warp threads, which are formed, for example, as reinforcing threads with or made of a high performance material, are undesirably displaced during a draping operation or when fitting to predetermined curved or otherwise formed three-dimensional structures.

In a further method according to the invention for fabric processing, the fabric preferably contains first and second warp threads with at least one thermoplastic material and also weft threads preferably with at least one thermoplastic material, wherein the fabric can be fixed in a three-dimensional form by heating above the melting point of the at least one thermoplastic material , The penetration of the molten thermoplastic material between the fibers of the at least third warp threads results in a stable structure. For this purpose, for example, a suitably trained for the

Professional not to be explained form tool use.

Finally, the invention also encompasses a molding component produced by the above-described method. Such a molded component can be used, for example, in driveways and aircraft for outer skins.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to figures.

The same reference numerals stand for identical or comparable elements. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of three consecutively arranged

Strands and schematically illustrated

Webmaschinenelemente;

FIG. 2 shows the three strands of FIG. 1 arranged one behind the other

(schematic representation); Fig. 3a-d shows the three strands of Fig. 2 with threaded warp threads in four different positions;

4a-d the schematic binding principle of a first

fabric according to the invention with six exemplary weft threads S1 -S6 (Fig. 4a) and a plan view (Fig. 4b) and a view from the back (Fig. 4c) of this fabric and a representation of the integration of the third warp threads in this fabric (Fig );

Fig. 4e is a detail of a cross-sectional view through the

Fabric of Figures 4a-4d;

Fig. 4f is a detail of a cross-sectional view through a

another tissue, and

Fig. 5a-d the schematic binding principle of a second

fabric according to the invention with six exemplary weft threads S1-S6 (FIG. 5a) and a plan view (FIG. 5b) and a view from the back (FIG. 5c) of this fabric as well as an illustration of the integration of the third warp threads in this fabric (FIG ).

In Fig. 1 essential elements of a weaving machine according to the invention for weaving tapes are shown very schematically. At the entrance to the machine is a creel 40 having a plurality of bobbins 41, from which warp yarns are drawn in the warp direction K (indicated by the exemplary reference numeral 13 with respect to the unwinding of a bobbin 40). At the machine outlet, the inserted weft thread 16 in the present example is transported by an oscillating weaving reed 44 to the finished fabric 18, which is subsequently transferred to a take-up reel 45 is wound up. However, arrangements are also known in which the fabric 18 is transported to the registered shot 16.

In the web section are three strands 1, 2, 3 (hereinafter abbreviated to strands 1 -3) according to the invention behind or successively in

Keterkichtung K shown arranged, with the front strand 1 to

Machine outlet and the rear wire 3 is placed to the machine input. For the sake of clarity, the strands 1-3 are present

reproduced in perspective; in reality they are perpendicular to

Aligned with the warp K direction. There are preferably several rows of

Strands are juxtaposed (not shown), these rows being in the image plane (i.e., in weft direction S shown in Fig. 1 of Figs

For clarity, also obliquely reproduced) extend. In this case, the most varied arrangements of rows of strands can be selected, as desired and as a weaving task.

For illustration, it is sufficient in the present case, if in FIG. 1, only such a series of three in the warp K consecutively arranged strands 1 -3 is shown.

Each of the strands 1 -3 each has a Litzenauge 21, 22, 23 (hereinafter abbreviated to Litzenaugen 21 -23) with a lower height than two each above and below these Litzenaugen arranged slots 31 a, 31 b, 32 a, 32 b, 33 a , 33b (hereinafter also abbreviated to slots 31a-33b) on, which have a longitudinal extent which corresponds to a multiple of the height of the individual Litzenaugen 21 -23. Through each of the Litzenaugen 21 -23 is in each case a warp thread 1 1, 12, 13 (hereinafter abbreviated by warp threads 1 1 -13) threaded in the form of a tape. The arrangement of the strands 1 -3 and the configuration of the Litzenaugen 21 -23 and the slots 31 a- 33b successively conditional that the warp threads 1 1 -13 seen in plan view run one above the other. The elongated holes 31 a-33 b are in this case all the same width and adapted to the width of the tapewet warp threads 1 1 -13, so that they can run plan in the Litzenaugen 21 -23, without in particular to wave.

In the present case, the first warp thread 1 1 threaded through the stranded eye 21 of the front strand 1 is the lowest warp thread (whereby also the opposite one)

Order is readily possible, i. the front strand can also be designed and arranged such that the warp thread guided by it is the uppermost one). From bottom to top then follow the third warp thread 12 and the second warp thread 13, wherein the uppermost (second) warp thread 13 is threaded through the Litzenauge 23 of the rearmost strand 3. According to the in

Kettrichtung K consecutive arrangement of the strands 1 -3 extend the warp threads 1 1 -13 from bottom to top. The position of the Litzenaugen 21 -23 is in this case chosen such that the warp threads 1 1 -13 not in the same

Horizontal plane (and thus are in the way), but that - with the same large deflection of the strands 1 -3 - a small vertical distance between them is present.

In Fig. 2, the three successively arranged in the warp direction strands 1 -3 are shown again, but rotated in this illustration in each case by 90 ° and reproduced at a distance from each other (in reality, in this view, only the narrow sides of the strands 1-3 to see). It can be seen that the three stranded eyes 21-23 are offset in height, so that the three warp threads 11-13 keep said vertical distance from each other so that there is no mechanical stress or too much friction between them. In addition, the warp direction K and the weft direction S is shown in Fig. 2, which together the

Define weft insertion level SE. The weft direction S is perpendicular to the warp direction K, wherein the three strands 1 -3 are arranged behind each other in the warp direction K and usually several rows of strands arranged one behind the other in the weft direction S (i.e.

Image plane) are present. 1, the warp threads 12, 13 are threaded through the upper slot 31 a of the frontmost strand 1, while the lower

Slot 31 b is empty. Through the upper slot 32a of the middle strand 2 of the second warp thread 13, while the first warp thread 1 1 is guided by the lower slot 32b. Through the lower slot 33b of the rear strand 3, the two first and second warp threads 1 1, 12 are guided, while the upper slot 33a is empty.

In Fig. 1 it is shown that the two front strands 1, 2 are moved to a lower position, while the rear strand 3 in an upper

Position. When one of the strands is moved - in FIG. 1, for example, the strand 2 can be moved upwards or the strand 3 is moved downwards - the warp thread 12 moved in the stranded eye 22 (or 23) of this strand 2 (or 3) (or 13) deflected while the other two warp threads 1 1, 13 (or 1 1, 12) through the slots 32 a, 32 b (or 33 a, 33 b) of the corresponding strand 2 (or 3) are guided without being deflected. These warp threads 1 1, 13 (or 1 1, 12), which are not guided through the heddle eye 22 (or 23) of the strand 2 (or 3) moved up or down, thus remain due to the design of the elongated holes 32 a, 32 b (or 33 a, 33 b ) of this strand 2 (or 3) fixed in position, ie these warp threads are not deflected. For example, when the strand 2 of Fig. 1 is moved up, only the warp yarn 12 is moved upward.

In FIGS. 3a-3d (again - as shown in FIG. 2 - with strands rotated by 90 °), it is made clear, in accordance with what has been said, how openings can be made by alternately ascending and descending the strands.

Sheds 35, 36, 37, 38 arise in a warp pile through which then weft threads S can be entered (perpendicular to the page level). In the Fig.

3a, all three strands 1 -3 are shown in a lower position, so that all three warp threads 1 1 -13 due to the threading into the individual strands 21 -

23 run through their respective lowest vertex. In Fig. 3b, the rear strand 3 is deflected upward, with a shed 36 between the uppermost, through the Litzenauge 23 of the strand 3 threaded warp yarn 13 and the other warp threads 1 1, 12 opens, through which a weft thread 16 (not shown) can be entered. In many adjacent warp yarn stacking in the weft direction (comprising, for example, three warp threads 1 1 -13, each of three consecutively arranged in the warp K strands 1 -3 are performed) and by appropriate control of the up and down movement of all in the warp and weft

arranged strands 1 -3 allow the shedding in weft thread level and the shed forming according to the invention coordinate with each other to obtain a complex fabric. In this context, also the open-top shed 35 in Fig. 3a is to be understood, since the weft threads are also passed through sheds (not shown) behind (i.e., perpendicular to the plane of the sheet) by means of sheds to guide the shed

To obtain tissue binding.

In Fig. 3c, the strand 2 is also lifted upwards, whereby the threaded through her Litzenauge 22 warp yarn 12 is taken up, so that another shed 37 between the warp threads 1 1 and the warp threads 12, 13 for a weft insertion opens. According to FIG. 3d, all three strands 1 -3 and thus all the warp threads 1 1 -13 are shown in the upper position, which results in a downwardly open shed 38 for the shown warp thread stack. So in total there are four different ones

Positions by means of the three strands 1 -3 possible. In general, n + 1

Positions are realized when n is the number of consecutively arranged strands.

In the next cycle, the warp threads 1 1 -13 are preferred in the

reversed order - first lowering the strand 1, then the strand 2, then the strand 3 - moves downwards. A mutual "overtaking" of the warp threads 1 1 -13 is therefore not possible; their order from top to bottom always stays the same. It is of course also possible to raise or lower more than a single of the strands 1 -3 simultaneously. For example, in the situation shown in Fig. 3a, the two rear strands 2, 3 are lifted simultaneously. By such a groupwise lifting and

Lowering several strands allows the variability to be achieved

Continue to increase web patterns.

In Fig. 4a, the schematic binding principle of a fabric with six exemplary weft threads S1 -S6 is shown, while

Side by side warp strings line up with the letters A-F

Marked are. This representation is - seen from top to bottom - the successively in the warp direction (in the image plane) located weft threads S1 -S6. The weft thread S1 is thus first passed through the tray, then the weft thread S2, etc. In addition, in FIG. 4a are two different warp thread stack with the reference numeral

15 marked. Fig. 4a respectively represents the position and position of the individual warp threads 1 1, 12, 13, which are all formed here as tapes, in relation to the respective weft thread 16, also formed throughout as a tape, is.

FIGS. 4b-d show the binding pattern of the fabric 18 corresponding to FIG. 4a, FIG. 4b a top view, FIG. 4c a view from the rear side and FIG. 4d the integration of the third warp threads 12 into the fabric 18. In the illustrations of FIGS. 4b-d, all the warp threads 11-13 and the weft threads 16 run in the image plane.

In the plan view of Fig. 4b always only the lower, first warp threads 1 1 and the weft threads 16 can be seen. This is in accordance with the above statement that the order of the warp threads 1 1, 12, 13 from top to bottom is always the same. Accordingly, in the rear view of FIG.

4c to recognize only the upper, second warp threads 13 and the weft threads 16. The third warp threads 12 not visible in FIGS. 4b and 4c lie either directly below or above the weft threads 16 or between the first and second warp threads 1 1, 13 (see Fig. 4a). This is illustrated once again in FIG. 4e, in which representation the

Warp threads 1 1, 12, 13 and the weft thread 16 (here S1 of Fig. 4a) not densely woven, but are shown stylized for better illustration.

In Fig. 4d is shown in plan view, the integration of the third warp threads 12 in the fabric 18 with respect to the weft threads 16 (the first and second warp threads 1 1, 13 are not reproduced).

It should also be noted that the three or more

one above the other guided warp threads 1 1, 12, 13, the up and down movement of the strands 1, 2, 3 can be controlled so that the weft thread 16 is seen in the finished fabric 18 in at least one weft thread row of neither the front nor the back , In this case, there may be a plurality of such weft thread rows, which do not fix the tissue, which are separated from one another by conventional tissue binding

Weft rows, are separated. In the cross-sectional view of Fig. 4f is schematically shown in this regard (for only a pattern repetition in the weft direction), such as in three superimposed running

Warp threads 1 1, 12, 13 of the weft thread 16 runs in a warp thread stack between the warp threads 1 1 and 12 and in the adjacent warp thread stack between the warp threads 12 and 13. In Figs. 5a-d is a second possible binding principle for a

fabric 18 according to the invention, wherein the same

Reference numerals have been used as in the other figures. By another pattern for the formation of the openings or the sheds (see the sheds 35-38 in Fig. 3) another bond is obtained, wherein also in the fabric 18 of Fig. 5, the third warp threads 12 always between the first and second warp threads 1 1, 13 (see Fig. 5b, 5c). FIG. 5 d again shows a top view of the integration of the third warp threads 12 in FIG the fabric 18 is shown with respect to the weft yarns 16, wherein the first and second warp yarns 1 1, 13 are not reproduced here.

The first, second and third warp threads 1 1, 13, 12 and the weft threads are particularly preferably in the illustrated in the figures

Embodiments designed as tapes or rovings. In this case, the third warp threads 12 in particular contain a high-performance material, for example carbon or glass. The first and the second warp threads 1 1, 13 and also advantageously the weft threads 16 particularly preferably contain at least one thermoplastic material in the embodiments shown in the figures. Preferably, they consist entirely of at least one thermoplastic material, for example of an olefin homo- or copolymer, for example polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), from

Polyamide (PA), polyurethane (PU), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polylactate (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonates (PC),

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and / or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

As can be seen from the figures, in the present case the first, second and third warp threads 11, 13, 12 and the weft threads 16 have a width such that the third warp threads 12 are completely covered by the first and second warp threads 11, 13 and the weft threads 16 are covered. Here, the first and second warp threads 1 1, 13 and the weft threads 16 are at least as wide as the third warp threads 12 and cover them completely in plan view and in the bottom view.

According to the above, therefore, a fabric can be realized in which thermoplastic tapes in the form of first and second warp threads (or further, then running inside the fabric further warp threads) at least third warp threads in the form of tapes or rovings with a Cover high-performance material (preferably a composite material with carbon or glass in a plastic matrix, eg a carbon tape) from above and below. Preferably, by means of the method described above, the individual layers of the first, second and third warp threads forming tapes are controlled via the strands and form the respective

Shed (also commonly referred to as opening above), in which the also preferably made of thermoplastic material weft thread is entered. About the selected bond can be made of the third warp composite tape or roving (ie the carbon or carbon fibers) with more or less flotation in the thermoplastic

Tissue be incorporated. By choosing the thickness of

thermoplastic tapes (first and second warp threads, weft threads) can be selected an exact fiber-matrix ratio. The resulting unconsolidated sheet is flexible, the composite components being fixed in position by the weave of the fabric. The fabric is, as far as the binding allows, drapeable. By applying pressure with simultaneous heating above the melting point of the selected thermoplastic matrix system, the tissue is fixed in the desired shape. During this process, the thermoplastic components melt and the melt permeates the composite fibers, i. for example carbon or glass fibers. The result is a homogeneous composite component that can be installed after drying and cooling.

The invention has been explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. Combinations, as far as they are technically possible, are likewise of the

Invention as well as modifications within the claims. Also, there are generally no restrictions with regard to the number of strands arranged one behind the other in the warp direction and the arrangement of the rows arranged in the weft direction, the rows at least partially consisting of strands arranged one behind the other. In this case, warp threads that do not form the uppermost and lowermost warp threads (the first and second warp threads) of a warp thread stack, a thermoplastic Material or other material than a Hochleistungsmatenal included.

Reference list front strand

middle strand

rear strand

1 first warp thread

2 third warp thread

3 second warp thread

5 warp pile

6 weft

8 tissue

1 stranded eye

2 stranded eye

3 stranded eye

1 a slot

1 b slot

2a long hole

2b long hole

3a long hole

3b long hole

5 shed

36 shed

37 shed

38 shed

40 gates

41 coils

44 reed

45 pickup roll

K warp direction

S shot direction

SE weft insertion level

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

1 . Tissue of warp and weft threads with a construction in

Warp direction of at least first, second and third warp threads (1 1, 13, 12) running one above another, wherein:

- The third warp threads (12) always between the first and second

Warp threads (1 1, 13) run,

- The weft threads (16) by changing sheds (35, 36, 37, 38) between and below and above these at least three warp threads (1 1, 13, 12) are passed, and

- The third warp threads (12) made of a different material than the first and the second warp threads (1 1, 13).

2. Fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third warp threads (12) a

Contain high performance material, such as carbon or glass, and preferably consist entirely of such a high performance material. 3. Fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third warp threads (12) are designed as tapes or rovings.

4. Fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or the second warp threads

(1 1, 13) contain at least one thermoplastic material and preferably consist entirely of at least one thermoplastic material. 5. fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) are formed as tapes.

6. Fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some, preferably all, weft threads (16) contain at least one thermoplastic material and preferably completely from at least one

consist thermoplastic material.

7. fabric according to one or more of claims 4-6, characterized

in that the at least one thermoplastic material is selected from one or more representatives of the following group: olefin homo- or copolymer, for example polyethylenes (PE) or polypropylenes (PP), polyamides (PA), polyurethanes (PU), acrylonitrile-butadiene Styrene (ABS), polylactate (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

8. fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the first, second and third warp threads (11, 13, 12) and preferably also the weft threads (16) have such a width and are woven into the fabric such that the third warp threads (12) are completely separated from the first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) and the weft threads (16) are enclosed.

9. fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) are at least as wide as the third warp threads (12) and that the first and the second warp threads (1 1, 13) in plan view and in bottom view, the third warp threads (12 ) completely obscure.

10. fabric according to one or more of the preceding claims,

characterized in that in addition to the first, second and third warp threads (11, 13, 12) at least fourth warp threads are present, which are always arranged between the first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) and always in a constant position, ie either above or below, with respect to the third warp threads (12) in the fabric.

Method for producing a multi-ply fabric from warp and weft threads by means of a loom, in particular a fabric according to one of the preceding claims, the method comprising the following steps:

- There are a variety of weft in side by side running warp bundles at least consisting of each

superimposed first, second and third warp threads (1 1, 13, 12) fed to a shedding device,

- The shedding device opens in their web cycles changing subjects between the respective at least three warps and below and above them to guide through these subjects weft threads (16), wherein the third warp threads (12) made of a different material than the first and the second warp threads (1 1, 13), and

wherein the first and second warp yarns (11, 13) preferably contain a thermoplastic material, while the third warp yarns (12) preferably comprise a high performance material, such as carbon or glass.

Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that as material for the first and / or the second warp threads (1 1, 13) and / or the weft threads (16) at least one thermoplastic

Is selected from one or more representatives of the following group: olefin homo- or copolymer, for example polyethylenes (PE) or polypropylenes (PP), polyamides (PA), polyurethanes (PU), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ( ABS), polylactate (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC),

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Method according to one or more of the preceding

Method claims, characterized in that in addition to several in the weft direction (S) juxtaposed strands (1) of the loom behind at least some of the aforementioned strands (1) in the warp direction (K) arranged strands (2, 3) are provided, and that by each in each case at least one warp thread (1 1, 12, 13) is guided, whereby several warp threads (1 1, 12, 13) are guided over one another in the warp direction (K), wherein the one after the other in each case arranged in a row strands (1, 2, 3) alternately repeatedly moved up and down and thus individually positioned in the z direction, thereby successively

different sheds (35, 36, 37, 38) between superimposed warp threads (1 1, 12, 13) are realized by which

Weft threads (16) are registered.

Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

it is at least one in the direction of the warp threads (1 1, 12, 13) closer to the machine outlet arranged front strand (1) with at least one, preferably exactly one, Litzenauge (21) with lesser height for threading through a first warp thread (1 1) and deflecting this first warp thread (1 1) by a repeated upward and downward movement in the z direction and with at least one below or above said at least one Litzenauges (21) arranged in the z direction extending slot (31 a) greater height to

position-stable or deflection-free passage of at least one second warp thread (13) is provided,

- It is at least one in the direction of the warp threads (1 1, 12, 13) behind the front strand (1) and closer to the machine inlet arranged rear strand (3) with at least one, preferably exactly one, Litzenauge (23) with lesser height to Threading the said second warp thread (13) and deflecting this second warp thread (13) in the z-direction and with at least one above or below said at least one Litzenauges (23) arranged in the z-direction extending slot (33b) with greater height for positionally fixed or deflection-free passage at least of said first warp thread (1 1) provided,

at least one central strand (2) is provided in said rows of strands (1, 2, 3) between said front and rear strands (1, 3) for guiding in the z-direction, then a total of at least three warp yarns ( 1 1, 12, 13), these at least one middle strand (2) at least one, preferably exactly one, Litzenauge (22) for guiding and deflecting an associated third warp thread (12) and a slot (32 a) above and a slot ( 32b) below their respective said at least one Litzenauges (22) for deflection-free passage of at least the first and second warp threads (1 1, 13), wherein the first and the second warp thread (1 1, 13) in the running direction of the warp threads by the respective at least a Litzenauge (21, 23) of the front and rear strand (1, 3) or the rear or front strand (3, 1) are threaded, and the remaining, lying between the first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) Kettfäd en (12), therefore, in the case of only one middle strand (2), the third warp thread (12), in ascending or descending order by the respective

at least one Litzenauge (22) of the middle strands (2) are guided,

- There are by repeated mutual relative movements of the front, at least one central and the rear strand (1, 2, 3) in the z-direction alternately defined sheds (35, 36, 37 38) between the at least three superimposed first, second and third warp threads (1 1, 13, 12) formed for the purpose of weft insertion.

Method according to one or more of the preceding

Method claims, characterized in that the third warp threads (12) are completely covered by the first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) and the weft threads (16) from above and below.

16. The method according to one or more of the preceding

Method claims, characterized in that the mass or volume ratio of third (12) to first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) over the entire fabric surface is set constant, said ratio in particular by the choice of the thickness of the first and second Warp threads (1 1, 13) is adjustable.

17. A method of processing a fabric according to one or more of claims 1-10 and / or made according to one or more of the preceding method claims, wherein the fabric (18) is draped on a curved or otherwise formed

three-dimensional structure is applied.

18. A method for processing a fabric according to one or more of claims 1-10 and / or produced according to one or more of the preceding method claims, wherein the fabric (18) first and second warp threads (1 1, 13) and preferably weft threads (16) containing at least one thermoplastic material, wherein by heating above the melting point of the at least one

thermoplastic material, the fabric is converted into a three-dimensional structure.

19. Molded part produced according to the preceding method claim.