EP2383377B1 - Loom and method for three dimensional weaving - Google Patents
Loom and method for three dimensional weaving Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2383377B1 EP2383377B1 EP10161488A EP10161488A EP2383377B1 EP 2383377 B1 EP2383377 B1 EP 2383377B1 EP 10161488 A EP10161488 A EP 10161488A EP 10161488 A EP10161488 A EP 10161488A EP 2383377 B1 EP2383377 B1 EP 2383377B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thread
- weft thread
- weaving
- weft
- shed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
- D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
- D03D47/27—Drive or guide mechanisms for weft inserting
- D03D47/277—Guide mechanisms
- D03D47/278—Guide mechanisms for pneumatic looms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a loom and a method for three-dimensional weaving.
- Fabrics are a commonly used reinforcement in composites.
- the fabric fibers are preferably subjected to tension.
- tissue introduced into the composite material must be adapted to the desired component shape.
- EP 0 302 012 B1 proposes to produce a three-dimensional fabric shape by means of spherical-shaped draw-off rollers. Again, the tissue is stretched after the weaving process to obtain the desired shape.
- a three-dimensionally shaped fabric zone is formed by the number of incorporated warp or weft threads varies or that the type of binding is changed.
- the spacing of the warp threads is achieved by changing the distance of the Rietlamellen.
- the Riet is fan-shaped, so that the distance between two adjacent Rietlamellen varies. Due to a displacement of the reed, the distance between two adjacent warp threads can therefore be adjusted.
- the contour change occurs when striking the weft thread through the reed.
- a device for producing a three-dimensional fabric wherein between the shedding device and the fabric withdrawal in front of the fabric edge, a shaped body is arranged, which has the fabric shape to be produced.
- the shaped body can be formed from a plurality of panes or alternatively from a series of adjustable tappets. The desired shape is also formed during this process during the attack of the weft thread.
- the three-dimensional fabric is woven directly.
- the weft thread is injected into the open shed along a weft thread path.
- the weft thread path is curved transversely to the insertion direction and thus has a two-dimensional shape.
- the three-dimensional fabric shape is already obtained directly by the thread path of the weft thread.
- the warp threads are brought to the opening of the shed in a position in which the positioned on the same side of the shed warp threads follow the course of the weft thread path.
- the opened shed is thus adapted to the contour of the weft thread path.
- the spacing of the warp threads from the weft thread path can be predetermined and, in particular, constant.
- the weft thread path is preferably defined by means of lamellae which project into the opened shed between the warp threads.
- Each lamella may have an open in the direction of the fabric edge Schussfadenaus originallyung.
- the weft thread recesses of the slats are arranged in the shed along the weft thread path. When entering the weft thread this is transported through the weft thread recesses of the lamellae and obtained in this way its desired two-dimensional course. By weft recesses thus results in a weft channel for guiding the weft thread.
- the lamellae are preferably mounted on a common bar. In their extension direction, the slats are arranged displaceably on the bar. In this way, by moving the slats relative to each other very easily the desired weft thread path can be adjusted. The position of the slats can be changed after each shooting day. As a result, three-dimensional tissue forms can be formed with stepless transitions.
- the reed is pivotally mounted.
- the lamellae thus serve not only to define the weft thread path, but at the same time for striking the weft thread to the fabric edge.
- the slats are mounted parallel to each other on the bar.
- a stranded drive is provided, by means of which the strands can be positioned independently of one another in the direction of change of compartment.
- the warp threads of one group are positioned at a predetermined distance above the desired weft thread path and the warp threads of another group are positioned at a predetermined distance below the weft thread path. In this way, the desired shed opening angle is obtained.
- the strands are attached to your stranded drive opposite end of a common strand holder. Between the strand and the strand holder, an elastic means is provided, so that the strand pulled by the elastic force of the elastic means to the strand holder and through the strand drive in the opposite direction can be moved away from the strand holder. If the strand drive does not exert any force on the strand, this is brought into a rest position by the elastic means.
- one or more warp threads can be grasped and separated by one or more warp thread holders.
- a holding device can be provided which can receive and hold one or more, preferably all, warp threads of the warp thread warp.
- Individual warp threads can also be taken from the center of the fabric, for example, if openings or zones without linking are to be produced in the fabric.
- the removed and kept ready warp threads can be supplied with the help of a gripper, a robot arm or the like to the weaving process again.
- the weaving machine can also have a weft insertion device for inserting the weft thread or a cutting device for cutting off the weft thread.
- the position of these two devices can be adapted to the desired weft thread path. Therefore, the weft insertion device and / or the cutting device are arranged displaceably in the change of subject direction. In order to adapt to a changed width of the fabric in the weft direction, the weft insertion device and / or the cutting device can also be displaceably arranged in the weft insertion direction.
- the transport of the weft thread along the two-dimensional weft thread path is preferably assisted by fluid nozzles.
- the fluid nozzles are arranged between two lamellae and in particular stored at the bar.
- the fluid nozzles are arranged displaceably in the changing direction of the bar, so that the fluid flow generated by the fluid nozzle can be adapted to the respectively set weft thread path.
- a loom 10 is shown in the manner of a block diagram.
- the weaving machine 10 has a creel 11, via which the loom 10 warp threads 12 are supplied.
- a holding grid 13 arranges the warp threads 12 in an insertion direction R (FIG. FIG. 1 ) evenly next to each other. From the holding grid 13, each warp thread 12 extends through a thread eye 14 of a stranded wire 15. The warp threads 12 extend further to a fabric edge 16 on which the already finished woven fabric ends.
- a take-off device 17 pulls off the already produced fabric and thereby ensures the transport of the warp threads 12 in the withdrawal direction A by the loom 10.
- the withdrawal device 17 has several in the insertion direction R over the entire fabric width extending take-off rollers 18, the one or more resilient can form contactable pairs of rollers. One or more of the take-off rolls 18 are driven.
- a strand drive 22 is provided, to which each of the strands 15 is connected.
- the strand drive 22 can move each of the strands 15 and thus also their thread eye 14 individually and thus independently of one another in a shed forming or shedding direction F.
- the position of the strands 15 and the thread eyes 14 depends on the set binding. For example, in a plain weave in the weft insertion direction R, adjacent thread eyes 14 are located alternately on one or the other sides of a weft thread path 23 (FIG. FIG. 2 ). In FIG. 2 schematically an open shed 21 is shown with plain weave.
- the strand drive 22 may be configured, for example, as the drive of a jacquard weaving machine, so that each strand 15 can be moved individually.
- direct drives such as linear drives can be provided.
- the strands 15 are connected with the interposition of an elastic means 25 with a common strand holder 26.
- the strand drive 22 may remove the strands from the strand holder 26 against the force of the elastic means 25. If the strand drive 22 exerts no force on a strand 15, then it is in a rest position in which the thread eye 14 has the smallest distance to the strand holder 26.
- the elastic means 25 may be formed for example by coil springs.
- the shed formation can also be formed by at least three heddle shafts.
- Each weaving sheave then has a strand drive 22, on whose strands 15 are movably arranged.
- a heddle may be provided for each thread eye height.
- several strands can be arranged, which are then moved together in the yarn change direction F.
- FIG. 1 is apparent in the withdrawal direction A of the warp threads 12 seen in extension of the strand arrangement outside the warp sheet 12, a weft insertion device 30 is arranged.
- the weft insertion direction 30 serves to shoot a weft thread 32 into the open shed 21.
- the weft insertion device 30 has in the embodiment a bobbin 31 for feeding the weft thread 32 and a cutting device (not shown) for separating the weft thread 32 from the spool 31.
- the weft thread 32 is injected in the embodiment described here via a main nozzle 33 in the insertion direction R.
- the main nozzle 33 generates a fluid flow and preferably an air flow in the insertion direction R, which takes the weft thread 32.
- the weft insertion device 30 could also have projectiles, boats or grippers. To adapt to the two-dimensional weft thread web 23, the gripper would have to be sufficiently elastically deformable.
- a receiving device 37 is arranged, which serves to receive the registered weft thread 32 and to position.
- the loom 10 can remove individual warp threads from the weaving process.
- the loom 10 has one or more warp thread holders 38, which can sever one or more individual warp threads 12 and can hold them in the area of the fabric edge 16 in front of the take-off device 17.
- the warp thread is first moved out of the shedding area by the strand drive 22 and subsequently separated by the warp thread holder 38 and held in waiting position, as shown schematically by the example of the warp thread 12 a shown in dashed lines FIGS. 4 and 5 is illustrated.
- the warp thread holder 38 is movable.
- the loom 10 is pivotally mounted about a first pivot axis 39 and movable radially to the first pivot axis 39.
- the loom 10 may include a plurality of warp thread holders 38. These can also be arranged movable in the insertion direction R.
- the loom 10 has a holding device 40 which can accommodate a plurality of warp threads.
- the holding device 40 comprises means forming a warp thread holding position, so that a plurality of separate warp threads 12a can be provided individually and separately.
- a warp thread holder 38 it is possible to remove a plurality of warp threads 12a from the warp thread of the warp threads 12 and to feed them to the holding device.
- the warp thread holder 38 is designed such that it detects a warp thread 12 to be removed from the weaving process, regardless of its arrangement in the warp thread, cuts it off, and can transfer its end to the holding device.
- the warp thread holder 38 has a bearing which allows it a radial and linear mobility, so that it can detect a warp thread 12 regardless of its positioning in the tissue and supply the holding device.
- the warp thread detection space of the warp thread holder 38 preferably extends over the entire width of the warp thread.
- the width of the fabric in the weft direction R can be varied when lateral warp threads 12 are separated at the edge of the fabric to be created by the warp thread holder 38 and transferred to a waiting position. It is also possible to separate non-peripheral warp threads 12 and remove them from the weaving process, for example, if openings or non-linked zones are to be produced in the fabric. It may be necessary to separate out the superfluous weft threads or weft thread sections after weaving from the middle of the fabric.
- the disused warp thread 12a to be returned to the weaving process it can preferably be fed back via the warp thread holder 38 or via another gripping device, not shown.
- the warp thread holder 38 is preferably provided between a reed 43 and the fabric edge 16. In this way can be ensured that the warp thread is cut and held only in the area in front of the fabric edge 16 so that the warp thread 12 is still guided by the thread eye 14 of the strand 15 and the reed 43.
- each lamella 44 has a weft thread recess 47.
- the weft thread recess 47 is limited, for example, by three sides of the blade 44.
- the weft recesses 47 are open.
- the weft recesses 47 have a cuboid shape.
- the slats are preferably also contoured cuboid.
- weft thread recesses 47 it is also possible to vary the contour of the weft thread recesses 47 and, for example, seen in cross-section any polygonal or rounded shapes, in particular circular segment shapes to realize.
- the design of the fins 44 can be modified.
- the lamellae 44 protrude with their end portion 46 into the open shed 21. These end portions 46 define the weft thread path 23 which the weft thread 32 should travel through the opened shed 21.
- the weft recesses 47 jointly define the weft thread path 23.
- the weft thread recesses 47 form, as it were, a weft thread channel through which the weft thread 32 is guided along the weft thread path 23.
- the fact that the slats 44 are arranged independently displaceable on the bar 45, can be arbitrarily curved Weft threads 23 realize through the shed 21.
- the weft thread path 23 thus receives a two-dimensional course.
- the reed 43 is pivotable about a second pivot axis 50 (FIG. FIG. 4 ) stored. After the weft insertion, the reed 43 is pivoted to strike the weft thread 32 about the second pivot axis 50 to the fabric edge 16 out.
- Fluid nozzles 51 can be arranged between the lamellae 44 on the bar 45.
- the fluid nozzles 51 generate a fluid flow along the weft thread path 23.
- the fluid nozzle 51 has a fluid outlet opening 52 at its end 52 which is assigned to the weft thread recess, which ejects the fluid in the direction of the adjacent weft thread recess in the transport direction of the weft thread 32.
- the fluid ejected through a fluid nozzle 51 is in FIG. 3 schematically illustrated by an arrow 53.
- the fluid nozzles 51 are arranged displaceably parallel to the lamellae 44 in the extension direction E on the bar 45, so that the fluid outlet openings having ends 52 can be positioned outside the weft path 23.
- the end 52 is arranged, for example, at a distance of a few millimeters or centimeters adjacent to the weft path 23.
- the adjusting drive 42 serves to position the fluid nozzles 51.
- a fluid nozzle 51 is provided in each case between two lamellae 44.
- the number of fluid nozzles 51 may be smaller.
- the fluid nozzles 51 generate an airflow.
- the number of louvers 44 of the reed 43 depends on the number of warp threads 12 used. At least one warp thread 12 is provided between two adjacent louvers 44, whereby other pitches are also possible where two or more warp threads 12 extend between two adjacent louvers 44.
- the weaving machine 10 operates as follows:
- the strand drive 22 moves the strands 15 and their thread eyes 14 in the required position to open the shed 21.
- This is a first group of thread eyes 55 ( FIG. 2 ) in subject change direction F on one side of the weft thread path 23, while a second group 56 of thread eyes 14 is arranged on the other side of the weft thread path 23 viewed in the changing direction F.
- the spacing of the warp threads 12 of a group 55 or 56 running through the thread eyes 14 from the weft thread path 23 may be equal within a group 55 or 56. This has the consequence that the open shed in the course of the weft thread web 23 has a constant opening width.
- the distances between the warp threads 12 extending through the thread eyes 14 of one or both groups 55, 56 vary and thus a shed 21 with a variable opening width is formed in the course of the weft thread path 23. How many and which thread eyes 14 belong to the respective group 55 or 56 and what distances these occupy to the weft thread path 23 depends on the desired binding and the manner in which the weft is introduced.
- the slats 44 are positioned.
- the weft recesses 47 are arranged within the open shed 21 along the desired weft path 23.
- the adjustment drive 42 also positions the fluid nozzles 51.
- the receiving device 37 detects and positions the weft thread 32.
- the inserted weft thread 32 already describes its desired course for the production of a three-dimensional fabric, which was predetermined by the weft thread path 23, before the stop on the fabric edge 16.
- the warp threads 12 are positioned. In this state, the weft 32 is struck against the fabric edge 16 by the reed 43 is pivoted about the second pivot axis 50.
- the reed 43 is again pivoted away from the fabric edge 16.
- the strand drive 22 initiates the positioning of the thread eyes 14 required for the next weft insertion.
- the adjustment drive 42 adjusts the louvers 44 according to the required weft path 23, the course of which may be changed from the course of the previous weft path and positions the fluid nozzles 51.
- the process begins again , As a result, a weft thread web 23 can arise whose course is different from weft insertion to weft insertion.
- the weft insertion device 30 and / or the receiving device 37 may be arranged to be adjustable in the changing subject direction F. At least one of these two devices 30, 37 can also be displaceably arranged in the insertion direction R if the length of the weft thread 32 is to be reduced because lateral warp threads 12 are taken out of the weaving process via corresponding warp thread holders 38 in order to produce a narrower fabric.
- the invention relates to a loom 10 and a weaving method for immediate three-dimensional weaving, wherein the weft thread 32 already receives its desired two-dimensional course during weft insertion.
- the position of the warp threads 12 is adapted to the weft thread web 23.
- the weft path 23 is defined by lamellae 44, which engage in the shed 21 between the warp threads 12 therethrough.
- the fins 44 are individually adjustably arranged on a common bar 45, so that the desired weft thread web 23 can be adjusted by positioning the fins 44.
- the fins 44 and the bar 45 at the same time form the reed 43, which serves to hit the weft thread 32 to the fabric edge 16.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Webmaschine und ein Verfahren zum dreidimensionalen Weben. Gewebe sind ein häufig verwendetes Verstärkungsmittel in Verbundwerkstoffen. Die Gewebefasern werden dabei vorzugsweise auf Zug beansprucht. Für dreidimensional geformte Bauteile, wie sie zum Beispiel in Karosserie- oder Schiffsbau vorkommen, muss das in den Verbundwerkstoff eingebrachte Gewebe an die gewünschte Bauteilform angepasst werden.The invention relates to a loom and a method for three-dimensional weaving. Fabrics are a commonly used reinforcement in composites. The fabric fibers are preferably subjected to tension. For three-dimensionally shaped components, as occur, for example, in bodywork or shipbuilding, the tissue introduced into the composite material must be adapted to the desired component shape.
Dies kann beispielsweise durch Aufschneiden des Gewebes in Teilstücke geschehen, die dann überlappend auf dem dreidimensionalen Bauteil angeordnet und einlaminiert werden können. Dieser Vorgang ist zeitaufwendig und teuer. Es wurde daher auch vorgeschlagen, das zweidimensionale Gewebe zu drapieren, wobei sich allerdings gedehnte Bereiche ergeben und sich die Gewebedichte im gedehnten Bereich verringert. Gegebenenfalls muss auch überschüssiges Material abgeschnitten oder in Falten übereinander gelegt werden.This can be done for example by cutting the tissue into sections, which can then be arranged overlapping on the three-dimensional component and laminated. This process is time consuming and expensive. It has therefore also been proposed to drape the two-dimensional fabric, however, resulting in stretched areas and reducing the fabric density in the stretched area. If necessary, excess material must also be cut off or laid in folds.
Es sind auch maschinelle Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Geweben beschrieben.There are also described machine methods and apparatus for making three-dimensional fabrics.
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Es kann als Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung angesehen werden, eine Webmaschine so wie ein Webverfahren zu schaffen, das die seither bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Geweben verbessert.It can be regarded as an object of the present invention to provide a weaving machine such as a weaving method which improves the methods and apparatuses for producing three-dimensional fabrics known since then.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Webmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 sowie ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 12 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß wird das dreidimensionale Gewebe direkt gewoben. Der Schussfaden wird in das geöffnete Webfach entlang einer Schussfadenbahn eingeschossen. Die Schussfadenbahn ist quer zur Einschussrichtung gekrümmt und weist demnach eine zweidimensionale Form auf. Auf diese Weise wird unmittelbar die dreidimensionale Gewebeform bereits durch den Fadenverlauf des Schussfadens erhalten. Vorzugsweise werden die Kettfäden zur Öffnung des Webfachs in eine Position gebracht, bei der die auf derselben Seite des Webfachs positionierten Kettfäden dem Verlauf der Schussfadenbahn folgen. Das geöffnete Webfach ist mithin an die Kontur der Schussfadenbahn angepasst. Dabei kann der Abstand der Kettfäden von der Schussfadenbahn vorgegeben und insbesondere konstant sein.This object is achieved by a loom with the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of
Die Schussfadenbahn wird bevorzugt mit Hilfe von Lamellen definiert, die zwischen den Kettfäden in das geöffnete Webfach hineinragen. Jede Lamelle kann eine in Richtung der Gewebekante offene Schussfadenausnehmung aufweisen. Die Schussfadenausnehmungen der Lamellen sind im Webfach entlang der Schussfadenbahn angeordnet. Beim Eintragen des Schussfadens wird dieser durch die Schussfadenausnehmungen der Lamellen hindurch transportiert und erhält auf diese Weise seinen gewünschten zweidimensionalen Verlauf. Durch die Schussfadenausnehmungen entsteht demnach ein Schussfadenkanal zur Führung des Schussfadens.The weft thread path is preferably defined by means of lamellae which project into the opened shed between the warp threads. Each lamella may have an open in the direction of the fabric edge Schussfadenausnehmung. The weft thread recesses of the slats are arranged in the shed along the weft thread path. When entering the weft thread this is transported through the weft thread recesses of the lamellae and obtained in this way its desired two-dimensional course. By weft recesses thus results in a weft channel for guiding the weft thread.
Die Lamellen sind vorzugsweise an einer gemeinsamen Barre gelagert. In ihrer Erstreckungsrichtung sind die Lamellen verschiebbar an der Barre angeordnet. Auf diese Weise kann durch Verschieben der Lamellen relativ zueinander sehr einfach die gewünschte Schussfadenbahn eingestellt werden. Die Position der Lamellen kann nach jedem Schusseintag verändert werden. Dadurch können dreidimensionale Gewebeformen mit stufenlosen Übergängen gebildet werden. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel bilden die Lamellen und die Barre das Riet der Webmaschine. Zum Anschlagen des Schussfadens ist das Riet schwenkbar gelagert. Die Lamellen dienen somit nicht lediglich zur Definition der Schussfadenbahn, sondern gleichzeitig zum Anschlagen des Schussfadens an die Gewebekante. Bevorzugt sind die Lamellen parallel zueinander an der Barre gelagert.The lamellae are preferably mounted on a common bar. In their extension direction, the slats are arranged displaceably on the bar. In this way, by moving the slats relative to each other very easily the desired weft thread path can be adjusted. The position of the slats can be changed after each shooting day. As a result, three-dimensional tissue forms can be formed with stepless transitions. In the embodiment form the slats and the Barre Riet the loom. For striking the weft thread, the reed is pivotally mounted. The lamellae thus serve not only to define the weft thread path, but at the same time for striking the weft thread to the fabric edge. Preferably, the slats are mounted parallel to each other on the bar.
Zur Webfachbildung sind Litzen vorgesehen, die in Fachwechselrichtung bewegbar sind. Dadurch können die Kettfäden in die gewünschte Position gebracht werden. Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist ein Litzenantrieb vorgesehen, mittels dem die Litzen unabhängig voneinander in Fachwechselrichtung positioniert werden können. Zur Bildung eines Webfachs mit der an die Schussfadenbahn angepassten Kontur werden die Kettfäden einer Gruppe mit vorgegebenem Abstand oberhalb der gewünschten Schussfadenbahn und die Kettfäden einer anderen Gruppe mit vorgegebenem Abstand unterhalb der Schussfadenbahn positioniert. Auf diese Weise wird der gewünschte Fachöffnungswinkel erhalten.For shedding forming strands are provided, which are movable in the changing direction. As a result, the warp threads can be brought into the desired position. In a preferred embodiment, a stranded drive is provided, by means of which the strands can be positioned independently of one another in the direction of change of compartment. To form a shed with the contour adapted to the weft path, the warp threads of one group are positioned at a predetermined distance above the desired weft thread path and the warp threads of another group are positioned at a predetermined distance below the weft thread path. In this way, the desired shed opening angle is obtained.
Die Litzen sind mit Ihrem dem Litzenantrieb entgegengesetzten Ende an einem gemeinsamen Litzenhalter befestigt. Zwischen der Litze und dem Litzenhalter ist ein elastisches Mittel vorgesehen, so dass die Litze durch die elastische Kraft des elastischen Mittels zum Litzenhalter hin gezogen und durch den Litzenantrieb in entgegengesetzte Richtung vom Litzenhalter weg bewegt werden kann. Übt der Litzenantrieb auf die Litze keine Kraft aus, ist diese durch das elastische Mittel in eine Ruhelage gebracht.The strands are attached to your stranded drive opposite end of a common strand holder. Between the strand and the strand holder, an elastic means is provided, so that the strand pulled by the elastic force of the elastic means to the strand holder and through the strand drive in the opposite direction can be moved away from the strand holder. If the strand drive does not exert any force on the strand, this is brought into a rest position by the elastic means.
Zur Variation der Breite des hergestellten dreidimensionalen Gewebes können ein oder auch mehrere Kettfäden durch einen oder mehrere Kettfadenhalter erfasst und aufgetrennt werden. Für die etwaige spätere Wiederverwendung der aufgetrennten Kettfäden, kann eine Halteeinrichtung vorgesehen sein, die einen oder mehrere, vorzugsweise alle Kettfäden der Kettfadenschar aufnehmen und bereithalten kann. Auf diese Weise lässt sich beispielsweise die Breite des hergestellten Gewebes in Einschussrichtung variieren. Auch aus der Gewebemitte können einzelne Kettfäden entnommen werden, wenn zum Beispiel Öffnungen oder verknüpfungspunktfreie Zonen im Gewebe hergestellt werden sollen. Die entnommenen und bereitgehaltenen Kettfäden können mit Hilfe eines Greifers, eines Roboterarms oder ähnlichem dem Webprozess auch wieder zugeführt werden.To vary the width of the produced three-dimensional fabric, one or more warp threads can be grasped and separated by one or more warp thread holders. For the eventual subsequent reuse of the severed warp threads, a holding device can be provided which can receive and hold one or more, preferably all, warp threads of the warp thread warp. In this way, for example, the width of the fabric produced in the insertion direction can be varied. Individual warp threads can also be taken from the center of the fabric, for example, if openings or zones without linking are to be produced in the fabric. The removed and kept ready warp threads can be supplied with the help of a gripper, a robot arm or the like to the weaving process again.
Die Webmaschine kann auch eine Schusseintragseinrichtung zum Eintragen des Schussfadens bzw. eine Abschneideinrichtung zum Abschneiden des Schussfadens aufweisen. Die Position dieser beiden Einrichtungen kann an die gewünschte Schussfadenbahn angepasst werden. Daher sind die Schusseintragseinrichtung und/oder die Abschneideinrichtung in Fachwechselrichtung verschiebbar angeordnet. Zur Anpassung an eine veränderte Breite des Gewebes in Schussfadenrichtung können die Schusseintragseinrichtung und/oder die Abschneideinrichtung auch in Schusseintragsrichtung verschiebbar angeordnet sein.The weaving machine can also have a weft insertion device for inserting the weft thread or a cutting device for cutting off the weft thread. The position of these two devices can be adapted to the desired weft thread path. Therefore, the weft insertion device and / or the cutting device are arranged displaceably in the change of subject direction. In order to adapt to a changed width of the fabric in the weft direction, the weft insertion device and / or the cutting device can also be displaceably arranged in the weft insertion direction.
Der Transport des Schussfadens entlang der zweidimensionalen Schussfadenbahn wird vorzugsweise durch Fluiddüsen unterstützt. Die Fluiddüsen sind zwischen zwei Lamellen angeordnet und insbesondere an der Barre gelagert. Insbesondere sind die Fluiddüsen in Fachwechselrichtung verschiebbar an der Barre angeordnet, so dass der durch die Fluiddüse erzeugte Fluidstrom an die jeweils eingestellte Schussfadenbahn angepasst werden kann.The transport of the weft thread along the two-dimensional weft thread path is preferably assisted by fluid nozzles. The fluid nozzles are arranged between two lamellae and in particular stored at the bar. In particular, the fluid nozzles are arranged displaceably in the changing direction of the bar, so that the fluid flow generated by the fluid nozzle can be adapted to the respectively set weft thread path.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen sowie der Beschreibung. Die Beschreibung beschränkt sich auf wesentliche Merkmale der Erfindung. Die Zeichnung ist ergänzend heranzuziehen. Es zeigen:
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Figur 1 eine schematische, perspektivische Darstellung der Webfachbildung, -
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung des geöffneten Webfachs in Kettfadenrichtung, -
Figur 3 eine schematische, perspektivische Darstellung der Lamellen zur Einstellung der gewünschten Schussfadenbahn und -
Figuren 4 und 5 schematische Seitenansichten einer Webmaschine in blockschaltbildähnlicher Darstellung.
-
FIG. 1 a schematic perspective view of shedding, -
FIG. 2 a schematic representation of the open shed in warp direction, -
FIG. 3 a schematic perspective view of the slats for setting the desired weft thread path and -
FIGS. 4 and 5 schematic side views of a loom in block diagram similar representation.
In den
Zur Fachbildung ist ein Litzenantrieb 22 vorgesehen, an den jede der Litzen 15 angeschlossen ist. Der Litzenantrieb 22 kann jede der Litzen 15 und somit auch deren Fadenauge 14 einzeln und somit unabhängig voneinander in einer Fachbildungs- oder Fachwechselrichtung F bewegen. Die Position der Litzen 15 bzw. der Fadenaugen 14 hängt von der eingestellten Bindung ab. Beispielsweise befindet sich bei einer Leinwandbindung in Schusseintragsrichtung R benachbarte Fadenaugen 14 abwechselnd auf der einen oder anderen Seiten einer Schussfadenbahn 23 (
An ihren dem Litzenantrieb 22 entgegengesetzten Enden 24 sind die Litzen 15 unter Zwischenschaltung eines elastischen Mittels 25 mit einem gemeinsamen Litzenhalter 26 verbunden. Der Litzenantrieb 22 kann die Litzen entgegen der Kraft der elastischen Mittel 25 vom Litzenhalter 26 entfernen. Übt der Litzenantrieb 22 auf eine Litze 15 keine Kraft aus, so befindet sich diese in einer Ruhelage, in der das Fadenauge 14 den geringsten Abstand zum Litzenhalter 26 aufweist. Die elastischen Mittel 25 können beispielsweise durch Schraubenfedern gebildet sein.At their the
Alternativ zu dem Einzellitzenantrieb kann die Fachbildung auch durch wenigstens drei Webschäfte gebildet werden. Jeder Webschaft weist dann einen Litzenantrieb 22 auf, an deren Litzen 15 beweglich angeordnet sind. Abhängig von der Form des zu webenden 3D-Gewebes, welches unterschiedliche Höhen der Fadenaugen 14 der Litzen 15 zu Folge hat, kann für jede Fadenaugenhöhe ein Webschaft vorgesehen sein. An diesem können mehrere Litzen angeordnet sein die dann gemeinsam in Fadenwechselrichtung F bewegt werden.As an alternative to the single strand drive, the shed formation can also be formed by at least three heddle shafts. Each weaving sheave then has a
Wie aus
Auf der der Schusseintragseinrichtung 30 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Kettfäden 12 ist eine Aufnahmeeinrichtung 37 angeordnet, die dazu dient, den eingetragenen Schussfaden 32 zu empfangen und zu positionieren.On the side opposite the
Die Webmaschine 10 kann einzelne Kettfäden aus dem Webprozess herausnehmen. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Webmaschine 10 einen oder mehrere Kettfadenhalter 38 auf, der einen oder mehrere einzelne Kettfäden 12 auftrennen und im Bereich der Gewebekante 16 vor der Abzugseinrichtung 17 bereithalten kann. Hierfür wird der Kettfaden durch den Litzenantrieb 22 zunächst aus dem Fachbildungsbereich herausgefahren und anschießend durch den Kettfadenhalter 38 aufgetrennt und in Warteposition gehalten, wie dies schematisch am Beispiel des gestrichelt dargestellten Kettfadens 12a in den
Es ist auch möglich, dass die Webmaschine 10 eine Halteinrichtung 40 aufweist die mehrere Kettfäden aufnehmen kann. Vorzugsweise weist die Halteinrichtung 40 für jeden Kettfaden 12 der Kettfadenschar Mittel auf, die eine Kettfadenhalteposition bilden, so dass mehrere getrennte Kettfäden 12a einzeln und separat bereit gehalten werden können. Mit einem Kettfadenhalter 38 ist es möglich, mehrerer Kettfäden 12a aus der Kettfadenschar der Kettfäden 12 zu entnehmen und der Halteeinrichtung zuzuführen. Dazu ist der Kettfadenhalter 38 so ausgebildet, dass er einen aus dem Webprozess zu entnehmenden Kettfaden 12 unabhängig seiner Anordnung in der Kettfadenschar erfasst, abschneidet und dessen Ende an die Halteeinrichtung übergeben kann. Vorzugsweise weist der Kettfadenhalter 38 eine Lagerung auf, die ihm eine radiale und lineare Beweglichkeit ermöglicht, so dass er einen Kettfaden 12 unabhängig seiner Positionierung im Gewebe erfassen und der Halteeinrichtung zuführen kann. Der Kettfadenerfassungsraum des Kettfadenhalters 38 reicht vorzugsweise über die gesamte Breite der Kettfadenschar.It is also possible that the
Durch das Entfernen von Kettfäden 12 aus dem Webprozess, kann beispielsweise die Breite des Gewebes in Einschussrichtung R variiert werden, wenn seitliche Kettfäden 12 am Rand des zu erstellenden Gewebes durch den Kettfadenhalter 38 aufgetrennt und in eine Warteposition überführt werden. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, nicht-randseitige Kettfäden 12 aufzutrennen und aus dem Webprozess zu entfernen, wenn beispielsweise Öffnungen oder verknüpfungsfreie Zonen im Gewebe erzeugt werden sollen. Dabei kann es notwendig sein, die überflüssigen Schussfäden bzw. Schussfadenabschnitte nach dem Weben aus der Mitte des Gewebes herauszutrennen.By removing
Soll der stillgelegte Kettfaden 12a wieder dem Webprozess zugeführt werden, kann er vorzugsweise über den Kettfadenhalter 38 oder über eine andere nicht näher dargestellte Greifeinrichtung wieder zugeführt werden.If the
Der Kettfadenhalter 38 ist vorzugsweise zwischen einem Riet 43 und der Gewebekante 16 vorgesehen. Auf diese Weise kann sichergestellt werden, dass der Kettfaden erst unmittelbar im Bereich vor der Gewebekante 16 abgeschnitten und gehalten wird, so dass der Kettfaden 12 nach wie vor durch das Fadenauge 14 der Litze 15 und das Riet 43 geführt ist.The
Wie
Die Lamellen 44 ragen mit ihrem Endbereich 46 in das geöffnete Webfach 21 hinein. Diese Endbereiche 46 legen die Schussfadenbahn 23 fest, die der Schussfaden 32 durch das geöffnete Webfach 21 zurücklegen soll. Beispielsgemäß definieren die Schussfadenausnehmungen 47 gemeinsam die Schussfadenbahn 23. Die Schussfadenausnehmungen 47 bilden sozusagen einen Schussfadenkanal, durch den der Schussfaden 32 entlang der Schussfadenbahn 23 geführt wird. Dadurch, dass die Lamellen 44 unabhängig voneinander verschiebbar an der Barre 45 angeordnet sind, lassen sich beliebig gekrümmte Schussfadenbahnen 23 durch das Webfach 21 realisieren. Die Schussfadenbahn 23 erhält somit einen zweidimensionalen Verlauf.The
Das Riet 43 ist schwenkbar um eine zweite Schwenkachse 50 (
An der Barre 45 können Fluiddüsen 51 zwischen den Lamellen 44 angeordnet sein. Die Fluiddüsen 51 erzeugen einen Fluidstrom entlang der Schussfadenbahn 23. Hierzu weist die Fluiddüse 51 an ihrem der Schussfadenausnehmung 47 zugeordneten Ende 52 eine Fluidaustrittsöffnung auf, die das Fluid in Richtung der benachbarten Schussfadenausnehmung in Transportrichtung des Schussfadens 32 ausstößt. Das durch eine Fluiddüse 51 ausgestoßene Fluid ist in
Die Anzahl der Lamellen 44 des Riets 43 richtet sich nach der Anzahl der verwendeten Kettfäden 12. Zwischen zwei benachbarten Lamellen 44 ist zumindest ein Kettfaden 12 vorgesehen, wobei auch andere Teilungen möglich sind, bei denen zwei oder mehr Kettfäden 12 zwischen zwei benachbarten Lamellen 44 verlaufen.The number of
Die erfindungsgemäße Webmaschine 10 arbeitet wie folgt:The weaving
Der Litzenantrieb 22 bewegt die Litzen 15 und deren Fadenaugen 14 in die erforderliche Position, um das Webfach 21 zu öffnen. Dabei befindet sich eine erste Gruppe von Fadenaugen 55 (
Über einen Einstellantrieb 42 werden die Lamellen 44 positioniert. Die Schussfadenausnehmungen 47 werden dabei innerhalb des geöffneten Webfachs 21 entlang der gewünschten Schussfadenbahn 23 angeordnet. Der Einstellantrieb 42 positioniert auch die Fluiddüsen 51.About an
Über die Schusseintragseinrichtung 30 wird der Schussfaden 32 eingeschossen und entlang der Schussfadenbahn 23 durch die Schussfadenausnehmungen 47 der Lamellen 44 transportiert. Dabei wird der Schussfadentransport durch die Fluiströme 53 aus den Fluiddüsen 51 unterstützt. Die Aufnahmeeinrichtung 37 erfasst und positioniert den Schussfaden 32. Der eingetragene Schussfaden 32 beschreibt bereits vor dem Anschlag an die Gewebekante 16 seinen gewünschten Verlauf zur Erzeugung eines dreidimensionalen Gewebes, der durch die Schussfadenbahn 23 vorgegeben wurde. Daran angepasst sind auch die Kettfäden 12 positioniert. In diesem Zustand wird der Schussfaden 32 an die Gewebekante 16 angeschlagen, indem das Riet 43 um die zweite Schwenkachse 50 geschwenkt wird.About the
Nach dem Anschlag wird das Riet 43 wieder von der Gewebekante 16 weg geschwenkt. Der Litzenantrieb 22 veranlasst die für den nächsten Schussfadeneintrag erforderliche Positionierung der Fadenaugen 14. Der Einstellantrieb 42 stellt die Lamellen 44 entsprechend der erforderlichen Schussfadenbahn 23 ein, deren Verlauf verändert gegenüber dem Verlauf der vorherigen Schussfadenbahn sein kann und positioniert die Fluiddüsen 51. Der Vorgang beginnt erneut. Im Ergebnis kann eine Schussfadenbahn 23 entstehen, deren Verlauf von Schusseintrag zu Schusseintrag verschieden ist.After the stop, the
Zur Anpassung an die Schussfadenbahn 23 können die Schusseintragseinrichtung 30 und/oder die Aufnahmeeinrichtung 37 in Fachwechselrichtung F verstellbar angeordnet sein. Zumindest eine dieser beiden Einrichtungen 30, 37 kann auch in Einschussrichtung R verschiebbar angeordnet sein, wenn die Länge des Schussfadens 32 reduziert werden soll, weil seitliche Kettfäden 12 über entsprechende Kettfadenhalter 38 aus dem Webvorgang herausgenommen werden, um ein schmaleres Gewebe herzustellen.In order to adapt to the
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Webmaschine 10 und ein Webverfahren zum unmittelbaren dreidimensionalen Weben, wobei der Schussfaden 32 bereits während des Schusseintrags seinen gewünschten zweidimensionalen Verlauf erhält. Die Position der Kettfäden 12 ist an die Schussfadenbahn 23 angepasst. Die Schussfadenbahn 23 wird durch Lamellen 44 definiert, die in das Webfach 21 zwischen den Kettfäden 12 hindurch eingreifen. Die Lamellen 44 sind einzeln verstellbar an einer gemeinsamen Barre 45 angeordnet, so dass die gewünschte Schussfadenbahn 23 durch Positionieren der Lamellen 44 eingestellt werden kann. Die Lamellen 44 und die Barre 45 bilden gleichzeitig das Riet 43, das zum Anschlagen des Schussfadens 32 an die Gewebekante 16 dient.The invention relates to a loom 10 and a weaving method for immediate three-dimensional weaving, wherein the
- 1010
- Webmaschineloom
- 1111
- Spulengattercreel
- 1212
- Kettfadenwarp
- 1313
- Haltegitterholding grid
- 1414
- Fadenaugethread eye
- 1515
- Litzebraid
- 1616
- Gewebekanteselvedge
- 1717
- Abzugseinrichtungoff device
- 1818
- Abzugswalzeoff roll
- 2121
- Webfachshed
- 2222
- Litzenantriebheald
- 2323
- SchussfadenbahnWeft train
- 2424
- Ende v. 15End of v. 15
- 2525
- elastisches Mittelelastic agent
- 2626
- Litzenhalterheald
- 3030
- SchusseintragseinrichtungWeft insertion device
- 3131
- Spulenkörperbobbins
- 3232
- Schussfadenweft
- 3333
- HauptdüseMain Jet
- 3737
- Aufnahmeeinrichtungrecording device
- 3838
- Kettfadenhalterwarp thread
- 3939
- erste Schwenkachsefirst pivot axis
- 4040
- Halteeinrichtungholder
- 4242
- EinstellantriebAdjustment drive
- 4343
- RietRiet
- 4444
- Lamellelamella
- 4545
- Barrebar
- 4646
- Endbereich v. 44End area v. 44
- 4747
- SchussfadenausnehmungSchussfadenausnehmung
- 5050
- zweite Schwenkachsesecond pivot axis
- 5151
- Fluiddüsefluid nozzle
- 5252
- Ende v. 51End of v. 51
- 5353
- Pfeilarrow
- 5555
- erste Gruppe von Fadenaugenfirst group of thread eyes
- 5656
- zweite Gruppe von Fadenaugensecond group of thread eyes
- AA
- Abzugsrichtungwithdrawal direction
- Ee
- Erstreckungsrichtungextension direction
- FF
- FachwechselrichtungTray Switch direction
- RR
- Einschussrichtungweft direction
Claims (15)
- Weaving machine for three-dimensional weaving,
with healds (15), which are arranged parallel to one another and have a respective thread eyelet (14) for a warp thread (12),
with a heald drive (22), which positions the thread eyelets (14) of the healds (15) independently of one another in a shed change direction (F),
with gliders (44) projecting between the warp threads (12) into the weaving shed (21), characterised in that
the gliders (44) can be positioned independently of one another in shed change direction (F) and serve to define a two-dimensional weft thread path (23), along which the weft thread (32) is inserted into the weaving shed (21). - Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the gliders (44) have a respective weft thread recess (47) open towards a selvedge (16), said recesses defining the weft thread path (23).
- Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the gliders (44) are displaceably disposed on a common bar (45).
- Weaving machine according to claim 3, characterised in that the gliders (44) and the batten (45) form a reed (43).
- Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the heald drive (22) positions one group (55) of the thread eyelets (14) with a predetermined spacing on one side of the weft thread path (23) and another group (56) of the thread eyelets (14) with a predetermined spacing on the respective other side of the weft thread path (23).
- Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that at their end (24) opposed to the heald drive (22) the healds (15) are fastened to a heald holder (26) by means of an elastic element (25).
- Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that a warp thread holder (38) is provided, which can grasp and separate a warp thread (12a).
- Weaving machine according to claim 7, characterised in that the warp thread holder (38) is arranged between a reed (43) and a selvedge (16).
- Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that a holding means (40) is provided, which can take up a separated warp thread (12a).
- Weaving machine according to claim 9, characterised in that the holding means (40) has elements, which can take up multiple separated warp threads (12a) separately and hold them ready.
- Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that a weft insertion means (30) for inserting the weft thread (32) and/or a take-up means (37) for taking up the weft thread (32) can be positioned in shed change direction (F).
- Weaving machine according to claim 1, characterised in that a fluid nozzle (51) is arranged between two gliders (44) to assist the weft thread transport.
- Method for three-dimensional weaving, characterised by the following steps:opening a weaving shed (21), the course of which follows a two-dimensional weft thread path (23), by positioning warp threads (12),defining a two-dimensional weft thread path (23) in the opened weaving shed (21) by means of gliders, which project between the warp threads into the opened weaving shed (21) and can be positioned independently of one another in shed change direction (F), andinserting the weft thread (32) into the weaving shed (21) along the two-dimensional weft thread path (23).
- Method according to claim 13, characterised in that the warp threads (12) delimiting the opened weaving shed on one side lie in insertion direction (R) on a path, which follows the course of the two-dimensional weft thread path (23).
- Method according to claim 13, characterised in that gliders (44) projecting between the warp threads (12) into the weaving shed (21) are positioned independently of one another in such a manner that their weft thread recesses (47) open towards a selvedge (16) are located on the weft thread path (23) inside the opened weaving shed (21).
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10161488A EP2383377B1 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2010-04-29 | Loom and method for three dimensional weaving |
JP2011102392A JP5819097B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-04-28 | Loom for three-dimensional weaving and its weaving method |
CN201110108421.2A CN102234864B (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-04-28 | Weaving machine and method for three-dimensional weaving |
US13/097,652 US8479778B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-04-29 | Weaving machine and method for three-dimensional weaving |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10161488A EP2383377B1 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2010-04-29 | Loom and method for three dimensional weaving |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2383377A1 EP2383377A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
EP2383377B1 true EP2383377B1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
Family
ID=42333354
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10161488A Not-in-force EP2383377B1 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2010-04-29 | Loom and method for three dimensional weaving |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8479778B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2383377B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5819097B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102234864B (en) |
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-
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- 2011-04-28 JP JP2011102392A patent/JP5819097B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-29 US US13/097,652 patent/US8479778B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP2383377A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
JP2011231450A (en) | 2011-11-17 |
CN102234864B (en) | 2014-03-05 |
US8479778B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
CN102234864A (en) | 2011-11-09 |
JP5819097B2 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
US20110265905A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
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