EP3322948A1 - Procédé de détente et de stockage d'un courant de gaz naturel liquéfié issu d'une installation de liquéfaction de gaz naturel, et installation associée - Google Patents
Procédé de détente et de stockage d'un courant de gaz naturel liquéfié issu d'une installation de liquéfaction de gaz naturel, et installation associéeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3322948A1 EP3322948A1 EP16741582.7A EP16741582A EP3322948A1 EP 3322948 A1 EP3322948 A1 EP 3322948A1 EP 16741582 A EP16741582 A EP 16741582A EP 3322948 A1 EP3322948 A1 EP 3322948A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stream
- gas
- natural gas
- flash
- bypass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0219—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
- F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
- F25J3/0214—Liquefied natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
- F17C2265/022—Mixing fluids identical fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0136—Terminals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/70—Refluxing the column with a condensed part of the feed stream, i.e. fractionator top is stripped or self-rectified
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/88—Quasi-closed internal refrigeration or heat pump cycle, if not otherwise provided
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for expanding and storing a stream of liquefied natural gas from a natural gas liquefaction plant, comprising the following steps:
- Such a method is intended in particular to be implemented in floating facilities for producing liquefied natural gas, or in liquefaction facilities on land, having a small footprint.
- liquefied natural gas production plants currently in operation, natural gas is condensed and subcooled under high pressure, before being flashed to atmospheric pressure.
- the liquefied natural gas thus obtained can be stored at atmospheric pressure and at a cryogenic temperature, typically of the order of -160 ° C.
- the expansion is performed either directly at the liquefied natural gas storage tank, or in a dedicated unit, for example a flash gas recovery unit.
- the steam generated by the expansion is recovered, then compressed in a dedicated compressor to form a fuel gas stream, or to be recycled within the liquefaction train.
- another stream of steam is generated in the liquefied natural gas storage tank, because of the pressure difference between the liquid directly from the expansion and that present in the storage tank and / or because of the reheating liquefied natural gas during transportation to the tank.
- a gaseous flow of evaporation gas from the tank is thus recovered and is compressed in another dedicated compressor, to form a fuel gas stream or to be recycled within the unit, especially when the unit is a floating unit. .
- DE102010062050 discloses a method in which flash gas gas stream and evaporation gas gas stream are mixed and then compressed together in a common compressor to form the fuel gas stream.
- An object of the invention is therefore to obtain a particularly compact and economical method for recovering flash gases and evaporation gases from a natural gas liquefaction plant by the use of one or more dedicated compressors. (s) both functions.
- the subject of the invention is a process of the aforementioned type comprising the following steps:
- the method according to the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
- the at least partially liquid expanded bypass stream is introduced into a downstream separator tank, the process comprising the following steps:
- the flow of evaporation gas is introduced into the downstream heat exchanger to be placed in heat exchange relation with the first flow;
- the flash end capacity is a flash end balloon or flash end distillation column
- the expansion device comprises a dynamic expansion turbine
- the molar flow rate of the first part of the treated natural gas stream is less than 10% of the molar flow rate of the expanded liquefied natural gas stream coming from the expansion device.
- the invention also relates to a facility for expanding and storing a stream of liquefied natural gas from a natural gas liquefaction plant, comprising:
- an expansion device capable of flashing off the stream of liquefied natural gas to form a stream of liquefied natural gas expanded
- a flash end capacity capable of receiving the stream of liquefied natural gas expanded from the expansion device
- a recovery assembly at the top of the liquefied natural gas reservoir, of a gaseous flow of evaporation gas
- At least one compressing apparatus capable of compressing the mixing gas stream to form a stream of compressed fuel gas
- At least one downstream compressor for compressing the bypass stream and forming a compressed bypass stream
- a downstream heat exchanger for cooling the compressed bypass stream to form a relaxed bypass stream
- the installation according to the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
- the first flow consists of the entire relaxed bypass stream
- a collection assembly at the top of the downstream separator flask, of the first stream in gaseous form, and of reintroduction of the first stream into the gaseous mixing stream and / or into at least one of the evaporation gas gas stream and a gaseous flow of flash gas upstream of the compression apparatus;
- a recovery assembly at the bottom of the downstream separator balloon, of a second liquid bypass flow, and of introduction of the bypass liquid flow into the expanded liquefied natural gas stream, upstream of the flash end balloon;
- the downstream heat exchanger is adapted to put in heat exchange relationship the first stream, and at least a portion of a treated gas stream to be liquefied;
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first installation intended for the implementation of a first method according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 to 6 are block diagrams of plant variants for the implementation of process variants according to the invention.
- upstream and downstream generally extend with respect to the normal direction of flow of a fluid.
- the additional turbines which are described drive compressors, but may also lead to variable frequency electric generators whose electricity produced can be used in the network via a frequency converter.
- the ambient temperature prevailing around the installation is not significant under the invention and may be in particular between 15 ° C and 35 ° C.
- a first facility 10 for relaxing and storing liquefied natural gas from a natural gas liquefaction plant 12 is illustrated schematically in FIG.
- the installations 10, 12 are advantageously carried by a support 14 located on the surface of a body of water, such as a sea, a lake, an ocean or a river.
- the support 14 is for example a floating barge and is a floating unit for liquefaction of natural gas (FLNG).
- the liquefaction plant 12 comprises, in a known manner, a unit 16 for treating natural gas, capable of producing a treated gas devoid of compounds capable of solidifying during liquefaction, and a liquefaction unit 18 for the treated gas, comprising at least one system (not shown). ) of cooling, liquefying, and subcooling the treated gas 20, capable of producing a stream 22 of liquefied natural gas under pressure.
- the expansion and storage installation 10 comprises an expansion device 24 of the pressurized liquefied natural gas stream 22, here comprising a dynamic expansion turbine 25 and a flash end capacity, in this particular example a end balloon 26. of flash. It also comprises at least one tank 28 for recovering liquefied natural gas, and a compression apparatus 30, able to recover and compress both the flash gas from the balloon 26 and the evaporation gas from the each reservoir 28, to form a compressed fuel gas stream 32.
- the installation 10 further comprises a downstream compressor 34, intended to compress a bypass stream 36 taken from the stream of compressed fuel gas 32, and at least one dynamic expansion turbine 38, suitable for relaxing the bypass current 36.
- the installation 10 further comprises a downstream heat exchanger 40 and an additional heat exchanger 41 intended for the liquefaction of at least a portion of the treated gas 20, using the cold produced during the dynamic expansion of the bypass current 36 in the turbine 38.
- the exchangers 40 and 41 are intended for cooling and at least partial liquefaction of a part of the bypass stream 36, when an excess of flash gas and or evaporation gas is present in the stream of compressed fuel gas 32.
- the stream of liquefied natural gas 22 has a pressure for example greater than 60 bar, and may be between 40 bar and 80 bar.
- Stream 22 is subcooled.
- the temperature of the liquefied natural gas stream 22 is typically less than -150 ° C but may be between -140 ° C and -160 ° C.
- Stream 22 preferably has a methane molar content greater than 80%, and a molar content of C 4 + less than 5%.
- the molar flow rate of the liquefied natural gas stream 22 is, for example, greater than 10,000 kmol / h.
- the liquefied natural gas stream 22 is conveyed to the dynamic expansion turbine 25 of the expansion device 24 to undergo flash expansion and form a stream 42 of expanded liquefied natural gas.
- the pressure of the expanded liquefied natural gas stream 42 is for example less than 7 bar, in particular between 6 bar and 12 bar.
- the expansion of the current 22 generates formation in the stream 42 of a residual flash gas downstream of the final expansion valve.
- the molar content of flash gas in stream 42 is for example greater than 5% and is especially between 4% and 10%.
- the current 42 is then introduced into the end flash balloon 26, to recover at the foot of the balloon 26, a liquid flow 46 of liquefied natural gas, and at the head of the balloon 26, a gas flow 48 flash gas.
- the liquid flow 46 is then conveyed to a storage tank 28.
- the flow 46 is pumped through a pump 50. In a variant, it flows by gravity into the reservoir 28, without to be pumped.
- a residual evaporation gas (“boil off gas” in English) is formed from the liquid stream 46, in particular by heating the liquid flow 46 in the transport pipes by the heat inputs of the tank or tanks 28 and / or under the effect of a pressure difference between the tank 26 and the tank 28.
- a gaseous stream 52 of evaporation gas is recovered at the top of the tank 28.
- the gaseous evaporation gas stream 52 is heated in the downstream heat exchanger 40, for example to a temperature above -60 ° C.
- the gas stream 48 of flash gas is heated in the additional heat exchanger 41, for example to a temperature above -60 ° C.
- the gas flow 48 represents between 30 mol% and 80 mol% of the mixing gas stream 54.
- the mixture gas stream 54 is then introduced into the compression apparatus 30 to form a compressed fuel gas stream 32.
- the stream 54 passes successively through a first compressor 56, a first air-cooling exchanger or a water exchanger 58 to be cooled to ambient temperature, a second compressor 60, then a second exchanger 62 to be cooled again to room temperature or the water temperature.
- the pressure of the stream of compressed fuel gas 32 is for example greater than 25 bar and is in particular between 5 bar and 70 bar.
- the composition of stream 32 typically consists of 15 mol% of nitrogen and 85 mol% of methane.
- the stream of compressed fuel gas 32 is then recovered for use as a fuel in the installation 12, or as a make-up fluid in this installation 12.
- a bypass stream 36 is withdrawn from the fuel gas stream 32.
- the molar flow rate of the bypass stream 36 is, for example, greater than 10% of the molar flow rate of the fuel gas stream 32 coming from the compression apparatus 30, and is in particular between 10% and 100% of this flow.
- bypass stream 36 and then compressed in the compressor 34, and is then cooled to room temperature in the air-cooled exchanger or water exchanger 64, to form a compressed bypass stream 66.
- the pressure of the compressed bypass stream 66 is, for example, 30 bars higher than the pressure of the stream 32.
- the stream 66 is then introduced into the downstream heat exchanger 40 to be cooled to a temperature advantageously below -50 ° C.
- the temperature of the stream 68 is preferably below -150 ° C. and is in particular between -140 ° C. and -160 ° C.
- the expanded bypass stream 68 is optionally at least partially liquid.
- the molar content of liquid in stream 68 is typically less than 15 mol%.
- the stream 68 remains completely gaseous.
- all of the expanded bypass stream 68 forms a first stream 70 which is then introduced into the downstream heat exchanger 40 for reheating.
- the temperature of the first heated stream 71 is preferably greater than -60 ° C.
- the first heated stream 71 is then reintroduced into the mixing stream 54, downstream of the flash end balloon 26, and upstream of the compression apparatus 30.
- At least one gaseous stream of treated gas 72 from the plant 12 is diverted to the plant 10.
- the gas stream 72 has a pressure for example greater than 60 bar, and especially between 40 bar and 90 bar.
- the temperature of the gas stream typically equal to room temperature or pre-cooled.
- the gas stream 72 has a molar methane content greater than 80%, and a molar content of C 4 + less than 5%.
- the molar flow rate of the gas stream 72 may represent up to 10% of the flow rate of the initial charge of natural gas introduced into the liquefaction plant 12.
- the gas stream 72 is then separated into a first portion 74 and a second portion 76.
- the molar flow rate of the first portion 74 of the gas stream 72 constitutes, for example, between 20% and 50 mol% of the gaseous stream 72 and the molar flow rate of the second portion 76 of the gaseous stream 72 constitutes, for example, between 50% and 80% of the flow rate. molar of the gas stream 72.
- the first portion 74 of the gas stream 72 is then introduced into the downstream heat exchanger 40 to be cooled and liquefied by heat exchange including the expanded bypass stream 68, to a temperature advantageously below -150 ° C.
- the first part 74 then passes through a control valve 78, before being mixed with the stream of liquefied natural gas 42 expanded from the expansion device 24.
- the second portion 76 of the gas stream 72 is introduced into the additional heat exchanger 41 to be cooled and liquefied by heat exchange with the gaseous flow flash gas 48, to a temperature advantageously below-150 ° C.
- the second part 76 then passes through a control valve 80, before being mixed with the expanded liquefied natural gas stream 42 coming from the expansion device 24.
- the implementation of the method according to the invention is therefore particularly simple since it reduces the number of equipment necessary to flash liquefied natural gas for storage, and to advantageously recover the flash gases and evaporation gas products.
- a single compression apparatus 30 is used to compress a blending stream 54 formed from flash gases and evaporation gases.
- bypass current 36 taken from the fuel stream 32 formed at the outlet of the compression apparatus 30 makes it possible to obtain a very efficient thermal integration, and to take advantage of the frigories available to liquefy at least partially the treated gas in the installation 12.
- the thermal integration of the bypass current 36 makes it possible to adjust the frigories between the various operating modes of the installation 10, between the filling phases of the tanks, and the loading phases of a LNG carrier.
- the method according to the invention and the installation 10 allowing its implementation are therefore particularly suitable for a floating unit such as FLNG.
- a portion 90 of the gaseous evaporation gas stream is sent to other liquefaction trains.
- a stream of liquefied natural gas 92 from other liquefaction trains is introduced into the tank 28.
- a second installation 1 10 according to the invention is illustrated in Figure 2.
- the second installation 1 10 differs from the first installation 10 in the sense that it comprises a downstream flask 1 12, placed at the outlet of the dynamic expansion turbine 38 .
- the expanded bypass stream 68 is introduced into the downstream tank 1 12 to recover, at the head, the first stream 70 in gaseous form, and at the bottom, a second liquid stream 1 14.
- the molar flow rate of the second stream 1 14 is, for example, between 10% and 15% of the molar flow rate of the expanded bypass stream 68.
- the first stream 70 is introduced into the downstream heat exchanger 40 to be heated by heat exchange in particular with the first portion 74 of the gaseous stream 72 of treated gas.
- the second stream 1 14 is reintroduced into the stream of liquefied natural gas 42 expanded from the expansion device 24, upstream of the flash end balloon 26.
- the second method according to the invention optimizes the distribution of the liquid in the downstream heat exchanger 40.
- FIG. 120 A third installation 120, intended for the implementation of a third method according to the invention, is illustrated in FIG.
- a recirculation stream 122 is taken from the compressed bypass stream 66.
- the recirculation stream 122 represents, for example, between 30% and 80 mol% of the compressed bypass stream 66 coming from the compressor 34.
- the recirculation stream 122 is then separated into a first portion 124 and a second portion 126.
- the molar flow rate of the first portion 124 of the recirculation stream 122 constitutes, for example, between 20% and 50 mol% of the recirculation stream 122 and the The molar flow rate of the second portion 126 of the recirculation stream 122 constitutes, for example, between 50% and 80% of the molar flow rate of the recirculation stream 122.
- the first part 124 of the recirculation stream 122 is introduced into the downstream heat exchanger 40 to be cooled, and possibly at least partially liquefied, by heat exchange, in particular with the expanded bypass stream 68, to a temperature advantageously lower than -150 ° C.
- the first portion 124 then passes through a control valve 128, before being mixed with the expanded liquefied natural gas stream 42 from the expansion device 24.
- the second portion 126 of the bypass stream 122 is introduced into the additional heat exchanger 41, to be cooled and optionally at least partially liquefied by heat exchange with the flash gas gas flow 48, to a temperature advantageously less than -150 ° C.
- the second portion 126 then passes through a control valve 130, before being mixed with the expanded liquefied natural gas stream 42 from the expansion device 24.
- bypass stream 36 taken from the fuel stream 32 formed at the outlet of the compression apparatus 30 makes it possible to obtain a very efficient thermal integration, and to take advantage of the frigories available to liquefy at least partially a recirculation current 122 from the bypass current, when an excess of flash gas and / or evaporation gas occurs.
- At least a portion 76 of the treated gas gas stream 72 coming from the installation 12 is also introduced into the additional heat exchanger 41, as described above for FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 A fourth installation 130, intended for the implementation of a fourth method according to the invention, is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- This installation 130 differs from the installation 10 shown in FIG. 1 in that the flash end balloon 26 is replaced by a flash end distillation column 132.
- a reboiler exchanger 134 is arranged upstream of the expansion device 24 to put the liquefied natural gas stream 22 in heat exchange relation with a reboilage stream 136 coming from the column 132.
- FIG. 140 A fifth installation 140, intended for the implementation of a fifth method according to the invention, is illustrated in FIG. This installation 140 differs from the installation 120 shown in FIG. 3 in that the flash end balloon 26 is replaced by a flash end distillation column 132.
- the implementation of the fifth method according to the invention is moreover analogous to that of the third method according to the invention.
- FIG. 150 A sixth installation 150, intended for the implementation of a sixth method according to the invention, is illustrated in FIG.
- the sixth installation 150 differs from the fourth installation 130 by the insertion of an intermediate balloon 152 between the outlet of the expansion device 24 and the inlet of the distillation column 132.
- the intermediate balloon 152 receives the expanded liquefied natural gas stream 42 and separates it into a head stream 154, mixed with the flash gas gas stream 48, and a foot stream 156, introduced into the reboiler exchanger 134 beforehand. to reach the distillation column 132.
- This installation 150 is beneficial for the recovery of helium in the case where the gas stream 154 is rich in helium, typically consisting of at least 25% helium, and can therefore be advantageously sent to a helium purification plant .
- a downstream flask 1 12 is provided for separating the expanded bypass stream 68, as described in the second method according to the invention.
- the dynamic expansion turbine 25 of the expansion device 24 is replaced by a static expansion valve.
- the stream of liquefied natural gas then undergoes a static and non-dynamic expansion in the expansion device 24.
- the method according to the invention and the corresponding installation are therefore particularly suitable for managing the large variations in temperature and flow rate of the evaporation gas stream 52 coming from the tank 28 between the loading phases of a tanker by emptying the tank. and the filling phases of the tank.
- the thermal integration of the bypass current 36 with the evaporation gas stream 52 is used to adjust the required frigories, and to vary the relative flow rates of the fuel gas stream 32 and the bypass stream 36.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1556656A FR3038964B1 (fr) | 2015-07-13 | 2015-07-13 | Procede de detente et de stockage d'un courant de gaz naturel liquefie issu d'une installation de liquefaction de gaz naturel, et installation associee |
PCT/EP2016/066544 WO2017009341A1 (fr) | 2015-07-13 | 2016-07-12 | Procédé de détente et de stockage d'un courant de gaz naturel liquéfié issu d'une installation de liquéfaction de gaz naturel, et installation associée |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3322948A1 true EP3322948A1 (fr) | 2018-05-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP16741582.7A Pending EP3322948A1 (fr) | 2015-07-13 | 2016-07-12 | Procédé de détente et de stockage d'un courant de gaz naturel liquéfié issu d'une installation de liquéfaction de gaz naturel, et installation associée |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10995910B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3322948A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6800204B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102523737B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN108027197B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3038964B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017009341A1 (fr) |
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FR3049341B1 (fr) * | 2016-03-23 | 2019-06-14 | Cryostar Sas | Systeme de traitement d'un gaz issu de l'evaporation d'un liquide cryogenique et d'alimentation en gaz sous pression d'un moteur a gaz |
IT201900025078A1 (it) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-20 | Fpt Ind Spa | Metodo e relativo apparato per produrre gas liquefatti |
JP7265516B2 (ja) * | 2020-11-26 | 2023-04-26 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 液体ヘリウム移液時の貯槽内圧力保持方法及び装置 |
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US3331214A (en) | 1965-03-22 | 1967-07-18 | Conch Int Methane Ltd | Method for liquefying and storing natural gas and controlling the b.t.u. content |
GB1288762A (fr) | 1968-09-16 | 1972-09-13 | ||
US3581511A (en) | 1969-07-15 | 1971-06-01 | Inst Gas Technology | Liquefaction of natural gas using separated pure components as refrigerants |
US3690114A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1972-09-12 | Judson S Swearingen | Refrigeration process for use in liquefication of gases |
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2015
- 2015-07-13 FR FR1556656A patent/FR3038964B1/fr active Active
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2016
- 2016-07-12 US US15/744,338 patent/US10995910B2/en active Active
- 2016-07-12 EP EP16741582.7A patent/EP3322948A1/fr active Pending
- 2016-07-12 WO PCT/EP2016/066544 patent/WO2017009341A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-07-12 KR KR1020187001240A patent/KR102523737B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-07-12 JP JP2018501278A patent/JP6800204B2/ja active Active
- 2016-07-12 CN CN201680051218.7A patent/CN108027197B/zh active Active
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CN108027197B (zh) | 2020-06-19 |
FR3038964A1 (fr) | 2017-01-20 |
JP6800204B2 (ja) | 2020-12-16 |
KR20180030048A (ko) | 2018-03-21 |
FR3038964B1 (fr) | 2017-08-18 |
JP2018523805A (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
CN108027197A (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
WO2017009341A1 (fr) | 2017-01-19 |
US20180202610A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
KR102523737B1 (ko) | 2023-04-19 |
US10995910B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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