EP3320279B1 - Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3320279B1
EP3320279B1 EP16744310.0A EP16744310A EP3320279B1 EP 3320279 B1 EP3320279 B1 EP 3320279B1 EP 16744310 A EP16744310 A EP 16744310A EP 3320279 B1 EP3320279 B1 EP 3320279B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
heat medium
medium
heat exchanger
circuit
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EP16744310.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3320279A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe PFÜTZE-RÄMSCH
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Reenpro GmbH
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Reenpro GmbH
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Priority to SI201631393T priority Critical patent/SI3320279T1/sl
Priority to HRP20211800TT priority patent/HRP20211800T1/hr
Priority to RS20211429A priority patent/RS62658B1/sr
Priority to PL16744310T priority patent/PL3320279T3/pl
Publication of EP3320279A1 publication Critical patent/EP3320279A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F25B21/04—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/004—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for temperature control of a medium according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11, respectively.
  • the air conditioning of vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, trams, passenger coaches and the like, as well as of buildings such as residential buildings, office buildings, workshops, production halls and the like, is important for the well-being and safety of the people who are in vehicles and rooms .
  • Full air conditioning in accordance with DIN EN 13779 is used when the air conditioning system ensures ventilation, heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification.
  • Partial air conditioning is available in the following variants: ventilation and heating with and without a humidification function, with a cooling function and with a cooling and humidification function.
  • Such elements can also be used as temperature control units for machines and systems for heating or cooling a working medium, e.g. a liquid, for operating cooling or temperature control devices, e.g. in connection with household appliances, so-called “white devices”.
  • a working medium e.g. a liquid
  • a heat pump commonly used today is under considerable pressure of up to over 20 bar. This increases the risk of leaks and accidents. Also have to Appropriate safe materials and thicker materials are used.
  • the evaporator used in today's systems is typically a special production of a heat exchanger, since a change in the physical state from liquid to gaseous takes place within the heat exchanger.
  • Scroll compressors run smoothly, have high efficiency due to low mechanical losses and have minimal compression dead space.
  • one of the disadvantages of scroll compressors is the low compression end temperature, which must be minimized by injecting 10% -15% of the heating medium if the temperature is too high.
  • Another major disadvantage is the very limited power control (with the exception of some Japanese models). Scroll compressors have low pressure fluctuations (pressure pulsation).
  • This type of compressor requires lubrication with oil.
  • Polyvinyl ether oil (PVE) or polyolester oil (POE) is used for this.
  • PVE Polyvinyl ether oil
  • POE polyolester oil
  • the POE reacts chemically with water and forms an acid, which places corresponding requirements on the selection of the material, which must be acid-resistant. This reduces the service life of the compressor and increases the need for repairs.
  • the condenser or liquefier is typically also a special production of a heat exchanger, since a change in the physical state takes place in it too, here from gaseous to liquid.
  • the environmental heat is transported from the evaporator to the compressor at a low temperature level in the gaseous state. From the compressor to the condenser, the heat is also transported in gaseous form at a high energy level. From the condenser to the expansion valve, the heat is transported at a medium temperature level in the liquid state. From the expansion valve to the evaporator, the heat transfer medium is liquid and has a very low energy level.
  • the heat medium When used as an air conditioning system to cool vehicles, the heat medium is compressed in a compressor that is directly connected to the vehicle engine via a compressor coupling. After compression, the heat medium is under high pressure and is gaseous. The gaseous heat medium then flows to the condenser and is cooled there by the airflow and the condenser fan. Now the heating medium is under high pressure, but it is liquid. The heating medium then flows into a filter drier and remains liquid under high pressure until the next expansion valve. In the expansion valve, the heating medium is relaxed and cools down. The pressure becomes low and the heating medium is still liquid. The cool, liquid heat medium now flows through the evaporator. By means of a fan, air is sucked in through the evaporator and blown into the passenger compartment as cool air. The warm fresh air drawn in heats up the heat medium in the evaporator and becomes gaseous again under low pressure. The gaseous heat medium now flows under low pressure through the expansion valve to the compressor. There it is compressed again and the cycle begins again.
  • COP value Coefficient of Performance; for heat pumps
  • EER value Energy Efficiency Ratio; for air conditioning systems. This value is calculated from the amount of heat generated divided by the electrical energy used (for Compressor, control, regulation and internal pumps of the heat pump or the air conditioning system) in full load operation.
  • a typical size of the COP or EER is between 3 and 6;
  • JAZ annual performance factor
  • ESEER value European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
  • the object of the invention is also to specify, at least in one advantageous development, a device for controlling the temperature of a medium which is constructed and set up for operation both as a heating device and for air conditioning.
  • the invention is intended to avoid the large size and heavy weight of known devices.
  • a special feature of this device according to the invention is that it does without any evaporator or condenser (liquefier), and instead has simple heat exchangers. This fact is made possible by the fact that none of the heat media used, neither the first heat medium nor the second heat medium, goes through a phase transition in the process.
  • the first heat exchanger in which the first heat medium is brought into heat exchange with an ambient medium, can enable a heat transfer from, for example, the outside air, geothermal energy, from a liquid or from a gas to the first heat medium.
  • This first heat exchanger can accordingly be operated in countercurrent and have two inputs and outputs, one each for the respective heat medium.
  • the first heat exchanger can also be, for example, a lamellar heat exchanger with a fan for vehicles with only one input and one output for a single heat medium carried in a line system, e.g. a heat exchange between an environmental heat of the ambient air and the first heat medium for the To use heating and / or cooling of a vehicle interior.
  • the second heat exchanger can in turn be one that serves to exchange heat between the first heat medium and ambient air used for air conditioning, but also one that provides heat exchange between the first heat medium and another medium carried in a line system.
  • the second heat exchanger can be a counterflow heat exchanger with two inlets and two outlets for the two media routed in pipe systems, or in the former case a lamellar heat exchanger with a fan, e.g. for vehicles (with only one inlet each) and output for the first heat medium) for the direct exchange of heat with air flowing into the vehicle interior.
  • a compressor in particular a turbo-compressor, preferably a micro-turbo-compressor, which compresses the second heat medium, which flows through this circuit in gaseous form, and heats it accordingly.
  • This compressor is operated when the device is used for heating or for warming the medium to be tempered.
  • This compressor can then react to the outside temperature, in particular in a speed-controlled manner, whereby it generates a higher pressure ratio by setting a higher speed and thus higher temperatures of the compressed second heating medium (the opposite effect when reducing the speed).
  • the heat generated by the compressor in the second heat medium is transferred to the first heat medium when the system is operated as a heater. If the device is used for cooling (see further below), in the third heat exchanger, if this is not even completely decoupled by appropriate valves, only the first heat medium is passed through without any further heat transfer. In this case, the compressor usually does not run.
  • a fourth heat exchanger is provided in the device, which is integrated into the second heat medium circuit and is arranged there in front of the compressor, viewed in the flow direction, and which is in heat exchange connection with the first heat medium carried in the first heat medium circuit.
  • this heat exchanger In this heat exchanger, a first heat transfer between the second heat medium and the first heat medium is already achieved before the second heat medium is heated by the compression. In this respect, this additional heat exchanger contributes to an increase in the efficiency in the heating operation of the device. If the device is to be used for cooling, this fourth heat exchanger has no function and, if necessary, can also be bridged with appropriate valves and line sections.
  • the means for cooling and / or relaxing the first heat medium in the first heat medium circuit ensures, in a known manner, that the first heat medium flowing back is cooled further, so that it can also be used when the device is operated as a heat pump in the heating mode Ambient temperature can absorb heat from the environment and thus make it available for heating.
  • the means for cooling can be used in order to obtain a possibly further lowering of the temperature of the first heat medium for an improved cooling effect in the second heat exchanger.
  • the means for cooling can advantageously be a Peltier element, in particular a controllable Peltier element, or a plurality of such Peltier elements.
  • a Peltier element in particular a controllable Peltier element, or a plurality of such Peltier elements.
  • Such an element can bring about a cooling effect independently of a pressure release, which is particularly advantageous for the operation of the device according to the invention for cooling, that is to say as an air conditioning system or cooling unit.
  • a liquid can be used as the first heat medium, in particular one which is liquid at normal pressure in any case in the temperature range from -50 ° C to + 60 ° C. Since the device according to the invention works without phase transitions in the first heat medium, it must be ensured that this medium maintains a uniform phase in the range of the corresponding operating temperatures.
  • a liquid first heat medium is preferable to a gaseous one, since the heat storage capacity is significantly higher.
  • liquids can also be used as the first heat medium which have a larger temperature range within which they remain liquid.
  • this temperature range can also be between -60 ° C and + 70 ° C, even beyond, for example between -90 ° C (or even lower, for example down to -135 ° C) and + 75 ° C or even + 125 ° C.
  • Hydrofluoroethers are chemical compounds of the empirical formula C x F y -OC m H n , where x is a number from 1 to 12; y is a number from 0 to 25; m stands for a number from 1 to 12 and n stands for a number from 0 to 25.
  • the corresponding compounds are formed from chains of different lengths of fully fluorinated carbons which are linked to an alkyl radical via an ether group.
  • An example of a particularly suitable hydrofluoroether that uses as the first heating medium Ethoxynonafluorobutane (C 4 F 9 OC 2 H 5 ) should be mentioned. This is a clear, colorless liquid with a pour point (at normal pressure) of -138 ° C and a boiling point (at normal pressure) of 76 ° C.
  • This material can be obtained in a quality that can be used as the first heat medium in the device according to the invention, for example from 3M Deutschland GmbH under the trade name 3M TM Novec TM 7200 High-Tech Liquid .
  • the group of substances claimed here is not harmful to the climate, so that its use is not only highly efficient from a technological point of view, but also harmless from an ecological point of view.
  • the second, gaseous heat medium can, in principle, take on very different forms, with air being considered to be very suitable here. Sufficient temperature control effects are achieved with air as the second heating medium; this medium is available everywhere "free of charge", so that the use of air does not mean any additional costs in production and operation. In addition, there are no possible environmental problems that could possibly arise when using another medium, in particular if this emerges from a closed circuit.
  • the fourth heat exchanger can have three separate line strands that are in heat exchange with one another, of which a first line strand belongs to the second heat medium circuit, a second line strand belongs to a first section of the first heat medium circuit and a third line strand belongs to a second section of the first heat medium circuit.
  • the fourth heat exchanger has three inputs and three outputs and - in heating mode - additionally uses the waste heat from the return of the first heat medium to preheat the first heat medium after the first heat medium has absorbed environmental heat in the first heat exchanger and before it is further heated in the third heat exchanger by the compression heat generated in the second heat medium circuit after the compressor.
  • the fourth heat exchanger is used for this also the cooling of the second heating medium in the second heating medium circuit.
  • an, in particular controllable, expansion valve can be used in the second section of the first heat medium circuit be arranged.
  • the first conveying means for moving the first heat medium can in particular be a circulating pump, which can in particular be designed to be controllable.
  • the first conveying means for example a circulating pump
  • the first conveying means can in particular be designed to be reversible in its conveying direction in order to convey or move or drive the first heat medium in two directions, clockwise and counterclockwise rotation through the closed first heat medium circuit.
  • This fact of the possibility of either clockwise or counterclockwise rotation is of particular importance for the option of optional operation of the device as a heating device (heat pump) or as a cooling device (air conditioning, cooling unit).
  • the method according to the invention for temperature control of a medium is accordingly characterized in that a first heat medium is guided in a first closed heat medium circuit and is kept in circulation therein by a first conveying means in order to absorb and release heat, the first heat medium in the first heat medium circuit by a first heat exchanger is performed to exchange heat with an ambient medium. Furthermore, the first heat medium is passed through a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the medium to be tempered, the first heat medium being passed in the first heat medium circuit without going through phase transitions in the first heat medium circuit. In order to heat the medium to be tempered, the first heat medium is transferred from the conveying means through the first heat exchanger led to absorb heat there.
  • the first heat medium After flowing through the first heat exchanger, the first heat medium is passed through a third heat exchanger, which is integrated in a second closed heat medium circuit in which a second, gaseous heat medium is circulated without phase transitions.
  • a compressor is arranged in the second heat medium circuit, which is arranged upstream of the third heat exchanger, viewed in the direction of flow of the second heat medium, and which compresses and heats the second heat medium.
  • the first heat medium then absorbs heat from the second heat medium in the third heat exchanger and, after passing through the third heat exchanger, is passed through the second heat exchanger. There the first heat medium gives off heat to the medium to be tempered.
  • the first heat medium After flowing through the second heat exchanger, the first heat medium is expanded and / or cooled and returned to the first heat exchanger.
  • This method can, and is preferably, carried out in a device as described and explained above.
  • the device works as a heat pump, that is, a method for heating a useful medium is operated.
  • the first heat medium is passed through a fourth heat exchanger, which is integrated into the second heat medium circuit and through which the second heat medium flows before it is compressed by the compressor.
  • the first heat medium is also guided in a further section of the first heat medium circuit, namely after flowing through the first heat exchanger and before flowing through the third heat exchanger.
  • heat is generated both from the second heat medium (before compression) and from the first returned in the section between the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger in the direction of the first heat exchanger Heat medium added.
  • the first heat medium can also be expanded and / or cooled between leaving the fourth heat exchanger and before being fed back to the first heat exchanger. This can be done, for example, with the aid of Peltier elements, but also, for example, using an expansion valve in or in contact with the corresponding line.
  • the method according to the invention can, however, optionally not be used for heating, that is to say for operating the device in the manner of a heat pump, but can also be used for cooling the medium to be tempered.
  • the conveying direction of the conveying means and thus the flow direction of the first heat medium is reversed, with the second heat medium circuit being interrupted and / or decoupled to the extent that heat transfer no longer takes place between the second heat medium and the first heat medium.
  • the first heat medium is then passed through the second heat exchanger in order to absorb heat there from the medium to be tempered and thus to cool this medium to be tempered.
  • the first heat medium then flows through the third heat exchanger without undertaking any further heat exchange there, or flows past it, and then flows through the first heat exchanger in order to give off heat to the environmental medium there.
  • the first heat medium is then returned to the second heat exchanger for renewed absorption of heat from the medium to be tempered.
  • the first heat medium runs through this cycle without phase transitions.
  • a special feature of the method according to the invention can be seen, which is also shown as a special feature of the device according to the invention or a use thereof. Because here can be one and the same Device can be used both as a heat pump for heating purposes and for cooling a medium, for example as an air conditioning or cooling unit, by reversing the conveying direction of the first heat medium as described.
  • This design is of great interest, inter alia, in the field of the automotive industry, where such a device can be used both for heating and for air-conditioning cooling of a passenger compartment in an automobile.
  • the heat energy released by the use of highly efficient combustion engines is no longer available in sufficient quantities to heat the passenger compartment, or in the case of electric vehicles whose drive type no longer releases any significant heat energy and makes it usable, are for operation of the vehicle to provide alternative heating options at cold ambient temperatures, for which the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable, since they also offer a cooling option in addition to a heating option by simply reversing and redesigning the circuit of the first heating medium.
  • This application is also of great advantage e.g. in the area of air conditioning (heating / cooling) of passenger compartments in rail wagons and also in other means of transport, buildings and rooms, mobile homes and mobile homes or in machines and systems.
  • the method may be necessary - depending on the weather conditions and outside temperature and depending on the desired temperature setting for the area to be cooled - to intervene with active cooling of the first heating medium, for which the first heating medium in a section of the first heat medium circuit in the flow direction after the first heat exchanger and before the second heat exchanger can be actively cooled, for example with the aid of a Peltier element or with the aid of several such elements.
  • the Peltier elements which are operated with electrical energy, there is also a warm side of the element in addition to the cold side used for cooling, at which heat has to be dissipated in order to be able to continue operating the Peltier element with a cooling effect.
  • This heat can advantageously be dissipated to an environmental heat medium and thus added to the environmental heat.
  • air can be used to cool the Peltier element on its warm side, for example with a fan or simply via a flow channel (for example charged by the wind of a vehicle equipped with the device according to the invention).
  • a further circuit with a heat medium can also be formed, which absorbs the waste heat from the Peltier elements and in turn emits it to an environmental medium, for example via a heat exchanger.
  • This cycle can also be flowed through directly by such an environmental medium (e.g. air, but also a heat medium connected to geothermal energy.
  • the first heat medium used is preferably one as has already been described above for the device, so that reference can be made to the above description with regard to the preferred selection of this first heat medium.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used and applied in a variety of ways, for example for heating or cooling buildings, in particular for residential and utility buildings, as heating and air conditioning for the automotive industry, for the transport and logistics industry, for buses and coaches Railway, for machine and plant construction, but also for use in household appliances.
  • FIG. 3 outlines a further modification that can be selected for both of the basic design variants shown in the preceding figures.
  • the figures also contain representations that illustrate the process sequence of a method according to the invention to be operated on these devices.
  • a first heat exchanger 1 which in this embodiment is a heat exchanger that provides a heat transfer between a gaseous environmental medium and a circulating heat medium guided in a line 2.
  • the first heat medium is guided in a first circuit 3.
  • the line 2 in the heat exchanger 1 is connected to a pipe section 4, which is part of a feed line to a second heat exchanger 5, which in turn is traversed by the first heat medium in a line 6 and serves to exchange heat between this first heat medium and a gaseous medium.
  • a further heat exchanger 7 is arranged, starting from the first heat exchanger 1 behind the pipe section 4, through which the heat medium supplied in the pipe section 4 flows and which the heat medium leaves again via a further pipe section 8.
  • the heat exchanger 7 can also be flowed through in the opposite direction, as will be explained later.
  • the pipe section 8 is then connected to a further heat exchanger 9, through which the heat medium flows to an adjoining pipe section 10, which then opens into the second heat exchanger 5, is connected to the line 6 in this heat exchanger 5.
  • Another pipe section 11 is on an opposite side with the heat exchanger 5, more precisely with the line 6, and leads to a circulating pump 12.
  • two switchable 3-way valves 14, 15 are arranged in a pipe section 13 adjoining the circulating pump 12.
  • a further circuit 20 is realized in the illustrated device, in which a second heat medium circulates.
  • the second heat medium flows through the heat exchanger 7, then enters a pipe section 21 and is compressed by a turbo-compressor (in particular a micro-turbo-compressor) 22, guided via a pipe section 23 to the heat exchanger 9 and then back to the heat exchanger 7 via a return line 24 .
  • a turbo-compressor in particular a micro-turbo-compressor
  • the one in the Figure 1 The device shown can now be operated in two modes, namely once as a heat pump to heat a useful medium passed through the heat exchanger 5, and another time as an air conditioning device (air conditioning) to cool a useful medium passed through the heat exchanger 5.
  • the circulating pump 12 is the first heat medium in the circuit 3 in the illustration of FIG Figure 1 can circulate clockwise.
  • the operating direction of the heat media in the heat medium circuits 3 and 20 is illustrated by the filled arrows in the first circuit 3 and by the arrows outlined with dashed lines in the second circuit 20.
  • the first heat exchanger 1 can in particular be a lamellar heat exchanger with a fan 25.
  • the first heat medium is transported clockwise by the circulation pump 12 in the closed heat medium circuit 3 and brings the absorbed environmental heat to the heat exchanger 7.
  • the first heat medium is increased in its temperature level by the waste heat that comes from the return from the heat exchanger 5, as well as by the cooling of the second heat medium from the second circuit 20.
  • the temperature level can be increased to approx. 30 ° C if the temperature of the second heating medium in the return is cooled down to approx. 30 °.
  • the 3-way valves 14, 15 are each in a switching position in which the supply line 16 and the discharge line 17 are also integrated into the circuit 3.
  • the second heat medium cooled down (for example to approx. 30 ° C.), is sucked in, compressed and again in the self-contained second circuit 20 in a diabatic process by the speed-controlled turbo-compressor 22, which can in particular be a micro-turbo-compressor brought to a high temperature level, so-called compression heat is impressed on it.
  • the speed-controlled turbo-compressor 22 which can in particular be a micro-turbo-compressor brought to a high temperature level, so-called compression heat is impressed on it.
  • the second heat medium heated in this way meets the first heat medium again in the heat exchanger 9, which is routed around the turbo compressor in the pipe section 8, and heats the first heat medium to a usable temperature.
  • the heated first heat medium flows to the heat exchanger 5, which in this exemplary embodiment can be a lamellar heat exchanger with a fan 26.
  • the first heat medium transfers this heat to a useful medium, e.g. fresh air that is sucked in.
  • the first heat medium comes from the heat exchanger 5 and flows through the 3-way valve 14 to use the waste heat to the heat exchanger 7.
  • the first heat medium cooled to about 10 ° C, for example, then comes to the controllable Peltier elements 19 via the 3-way valve 15.
  • the Peltier effect reduces the temperature of the heating medium to approximately 10K below the ambient heat.
  • the heat generated during cooling on the other side of the Peltier element can advantageously also be used to preheat the ambient heat.
  • the energetic use of the Peltier elements 19 is then optimally used.
  • the Peltier elements 19 can be regulated and thus the desired temperature range can be set.
  • the first heat medium comes back to the heat exchanger 1.
  • the cycle can start again. It is important to mention that the first heating medium does not undergo any phase transitions during the entire cycle. Rather, the first heat medium is a liquid that remains liquid under all conditions occurring in the course of the first circuit 3.
  • the first heating medium is in particular a hydrofluoroether, for example ethoxynonafluorobutane (C 4 F 9 OC 2 H 5 ).
  • the second heating medium does not undergo a phase change either, but remains gaseous during the entire passage of the second circuit 20.
  • the device is operated as follows; this operation is represented by the open arrows outlined in solid lines in the figure.
  • the second circuit 20 When the device is operated as an air conditioning system, the second circuit 20 is deactivated; the turbo compressor 22 is not required for cooling and therefore remains out of operation.
  • the environmental medium e.g. outside or exhaust air
  • the environmental medium is preferably colder than the first heat medium, so that the first heat medium in the heat exchanger 1 transfers heat to the environmental medium.
  • the device also functions when the environmental medium is warmer than the first heat medium when it flows through the heat exchanger 1 in the line 2.
  • the circulation pump 12 is designed to be reversible in its conveying direction.
  • the first heat medium is transported by the circulating pump 12 here in the counterclockwise direction in the circuit 3 in the representation of the figure.
  • a controller regulates the use of energy by the Peltier elements 19 preferably in such a way that a difference between the temperature of the environmental medium and the temperature of the first heating medium is approximately 10 K, for example.
  • the first heat medium flows through the two 3-way valves 14, 15, which are switched so that the heat medium is passed on directly into the pipe section 11 without going to the heat exchanger 7 to arrive.
  • the first heat medium therefore reaches the heat exchanger 5 directly.
  • the heat medium absorbs heat from the useful medium and cools it down in the process.
  • This useful medium can be used in the device Figure 1 in particular be sucked in and cooled fresh air, which then reaches the rooms to be air-conditioned, for example the passenger compartment of a vehicle.
  • the first heat medium exits the heat exchanger 5 at a higher temperature than it entered this heat exchanger 5 and flows to the heat exchanger 9.
  • the first heat medium flows through this heat exchanger 9 and on to the heat exchanger 7 without any further heat exchange routed around the turbo compressor 22 in the pipe section 8.
  • the first heat medium now flows through the heat exchanger 1 again and gives off heat there, provided it is at a higher temperature level than the ambient temperature, and the cycle then begins again.
  • FIG 2 a device, which is basically identical in construction and operates according to the same principle, is sketched, so that reference can be made to the above description.
  • the only difference in the representation in Figure 2 to those in Figure 1 is that the in Figure 1 shown heat exchangers 1 and 5 in the structure according to Figure 2 have been replaced by heat exchangers 1 'and 5', the heat exchangers 1 'and 5' now being those that are also connected to a line system on the input or output side and not, for example, as fins of Air can flow through freely.
  • one of the line systems in this heat exchanger can also have a gaseous medium, for example air, flowing through it, in particular line 27 or line section 28 Transport of geothermal energy is fed to the heat exchanger 1 'in a line 27 and a heating medium, for example water, is heated in a line section 28 of a heating circuit with the heat exchanger 5'.
  • a gaseous medium for example air
  • Transport of geothermal energy is fed to the heat exchanger 1 'in a line 27 and a heating medium, for example water, is heated in a line section 28 of a heating circuit with the heat exchanger 5'.
  • a heating medium for example water
  • FIG 3 is finally shown by the representation of a section or a partial section of the illustration according to Figure 2 a variant is shown in which - if the device is used for air conditioning (cooling) - the Peltier elements 19 are actively cooled on their heat-emitting side.
  • Such active cooling can be necessary in particular when the ambient temperature is particularly high.
  • the airflow may be sufficient to dissipate the heat released by the Peltier elements in their respective heat-emitting part. This can be more difficult with stationary systems.
  • a fan 29 can initially be provided for this purpose. If the provision of such a fan 29 is sufficient to adequately cool the Peltier element (s) on the heat-emitting sides, no further cooling measures are required. If the supply of fresh air by means of the fan 29 alone is not sufficient, a further cooling mechanism can additionally or alternatively be provided, for example one such as is shown in FIG Figure 3 is sketched.
  • Cooling with the aid of a heating medium is provided there, the first heating medium from the heating medium circuit 3 being used in this embodiment.
  • Heat medium flowing in a feed line 30 absorbs waste heat from the Peltier element (s) 19.
  • a circulation pump 31 then conveys the heat medium in the direction of a 3-way valve 32.
  • the 3-way valve 32 can be connected to the supply line 16. If the 3-way valve 32 is connected to the supply line 16 in the cooling mode of the device, this supply line 16 is separated from the line formed by the pipe sections 11 and 13 by means of the 3-way valve 14. As a result, after flowing through the 3-way valve 32, the first heat medium is passed on via the supply line 16 to a further 3-way valve 33. In this operating mode, this blocks the supply line 16 from the heat exchanger 7 and transfers the flow of the first heat medium instead into a short-circuit line 34.
  • a further 3-way valve 35 which is connected to the discharge line 17.
  • the 3-way valve 35 blocks the discharge line 17 from the heat exchanger 7 and conducts the first heat medium to the expansion valve 18. There the first heat medium is expanded and thereby cooled.
  • a further 3-way valve 36 connected downstream of the expansion valve 18, which blocks the discharge line 17 from the 3-way valve 15 in this operating mode, the thus cooled and pressure-relieved heat medium is then transferred to a 3-way valve 36 connected return line 37 and from there back to the Peltier elements 19, where it again absorbs waste heat in order to then get back into the flow line 30.
  • This circuit is activated by connecting the corresponding 3-way valves 32, 33, 35 and 36 by a control when the device is working in the cooling mode and active cooling of the Peltier elements 19 is required.
  • the first heat medium has to be cooled down particularly far in order to be in the heat exchanger 1 or 1 'to be able to absorb environmental heat at a low temperature level.
  • the short-circuit line 34 is then typically not used, the 3-way valves 33 and 35 can be switched in such a way that the heat exchanger 7 remains integrated in the circuit.
  • the 3-way valves 14 and 15 are also switched in such a way that they include the supply line 16 and the discharge line 17.
  • the 3-way valves 32 and 36 are then switched in such a way that they open both a connection to the 3-way valves 14 and 15 and the connection in the direction of the circulating pump 31 or the return line 37.
  • the 3-way Valve 32 must also have a non-return valve so that the first thermal fluid pressed in from the supply line 16 from the 3-way valve 14 by means of the circulation pump 12 cannot flow into the 3-way valve 32 in the direction opposite to the intended direction of circulation.
  • the flow directions and courses of the first cooling medium for the case of operation as heating (heat pump) or as cooling (for air conditioning) are indicated by arrows, as can be seen from the legend arranged in the figure.
  • a special feature of the invention consists in the selection of the first heating medium.
  • this is preferably a hydrofluoroether (a chemical compound of the empirical formula C x F y -OC m H n , where x is a number from 1 to 12; y is a number from 0 to 25; m is a number from 1 to 12 and n is a number from 0 to 25).
  • hydrofluoroether a chemical compound of the empirical formula C x F y -OC m H n , where x is a number from 1 to 12; y is a number from 0 to 25; m is a number from 1 to 12 and n is a number from 0 to 25.
  • Such compounds are present as a liquid under normal conditions. They typically only have their pour point in the temperature range from -38 ° C to -138 ° C, and the boiling point is between 34 ° C and 128 ° C. These compounds are liquid between the pour point and boiling point.
  • the densities of these liquids are significantly higher than the heat media used by known and corresponding devices.
  • This medium is also electrically non-conductive, so that it can serve as a cooling medium for cooling the Peltier elements 19 to which electrical voltage is applied, in the manner described above, without leading to a short circuit or the like.
  • the global warming potential (GWP) of corresponding compounds is also very clearly, between 5 days and 4.9 years, below the GWP of previously used heating media.
  • Hydrofluoroethers are compatible with many metals, plastics and elastomers and thus allow the use of cheaper and smaller components in the implementation of devices operated with these media.
  • hydrofluoroethers are not dangerous goods and therefore do not have to be specially treated in accordance with the legislation during transport, assembly, repair or service, dismantling and in the event of accidents. Rather, they are correspondingly easier, more environmentally friendly and risk-free to handle and use.
  • Hydrofluoroethers are also non-electrically conductive, non-combustible and flammable and can therefore also be used where there is a risk of fire in the event of an accident, short circuits in the electrical system or environmental hazards could arise.
  • a harmless, gaseous heat medium for example air, can be used in the second heat medium circuit.
  • the turbo compressor in the second heat medium circuit can work with a pressure of only up to 4 bar and still achieve sufficient heating of the second heat medium.
  • the comparatively low pressure significantly reduces the risk of accidents, leaks and environmental hazards.
  • the second heat medium circuit only a small volume of the second heat medium is required. Furthermore, there is only a low pressure there and, in addition, a preheated second heating medium before entering the turbo compressor, so that the required electrical power in the heat pump operation of the device is very low. A further reduction in the required electrical power can even be achieved if the turbo compressor is equipped with gas or magnetic bearings.
  • turbo-compressors in particular the preferred micro-turbo-compressors, are, among other things, that only very low mechanical losses occur and thus a very high level of efficiency is achieved.
  • Turbo compressors can be regulated very well. A very wide range of services can be covered with them.
  • the turbo compressors are distinguished by the fact that there is no pressure pulsation.
  • the use of a lubricant, such as oil in the scroll compressors is also not necessary with the turbo compressors. They have - especially as micro-turbo compressors - very small dimensions. E.g. a 5,000 W micro-turbo compressor has the dimensions: length 25.4 cm, diameter 8.0 c.
  • a scroll compressor with the same output has the following dimensions: length 60.0 cm and diameter 40.0 cm.
  • the turbo compressors are also very light compared to the scroll compressors that have been used up to now.
  • Turbo compressors are practically maintenance-free and therefore have extremely low operating costs.
  • the service life of these compressors is many times longer than that of scroll compressors.
  • Micro turbo compressors can have the disadvantage that the very high speeds of the impeller shaft (up to 500,000 rpm in peak load, normally between 80,000 rpm to 180,000 rpm) can lead to noises, which can, however, be controlled .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de régulation de la température d'un milieu, dans lequel un premier milieu thermique est amené dans un premier circuit fermé de milieu thermique et est maintenu en circulation dans celui-ci par un premier moyen de transport pour recevoir et libérer de la chaleur, dans lequel le premier milieu thermique est guidé dans le premier circuit de milieu thermique à travers un premier échangeur de chaleur pour échanger de la chaleur avec un milieu ambiant et dans lequel le premier milieu thermique est guidé à travers un deuxième échangeur de chaleur pour échanger de la chaleur avec le milieu à tempérer, dans lequel le premier milieu thermique est guidé dans le premier circuit de milieu thermique sans subir de transitions de phase dans le premier circuit de milieu thermique, en ce que, pour chauffer le milieu à tempérer, le premier milieu thermique est guidé par le moyen de transport à travers le premier échangeur de chaleur afin d'y absorber de la chaleur, en ce que, après avoir traversé le premier échangeur de chaleur, le premier milieu thermique est guidé à travers un troisième échangeur de chaleur qui est incorporé dans un deuxième circuit fermé de milieu thermique, dans lequel un deuxième fluide thermique gazeux est guidé dans un circuit sans transitions de phase, un compresseur étant disposé dans le deuxième circuit de fluide thermique, lequel compresseur est disposé en amont du troisième échangeur de chaleur, vu dans la direction d'écoulement du deuxième fluide thermique, et comprime et chauffe le deuxième fluide thermique, le premier milieu thermique dans le troisième échangeur de chaleur absorbant la chaleur du deuxième milieu thermique, en ce que le premier milieu thermique, après avoir traversé le troisième échangeur de chaleur, est guidé à travers le deuxième échangeur de chaleur, dans lequel il cède de la chaleur au milieu à tempérer, et en ce que le premier milieu thermique, après avoir traversé le deuxième échangeur de chaleur, est détendu et/ou refroidi et renvoyé au premier échangeur de chaleur, caractérisé en ce que le premier milieu thermique, après avoir traversé le deuxième échangeur de chaleur et avant de traverser à nouveau le premier échangeur de chaleur, est passé à travers un quatrième échangeur de chaleur qui est incorporé dans le deuxième circuit de fluide thermique et à travers lequel le deuxième fluide thermique s'écoule avant d'être comprimé par le compresseur, et à travers lequel le premier fluide thermique est passé dans une autre section du premier circuit de fluide thermique, à savoir après s'être écoulé à travers le premier échangeur de chaleur et avant de s'écouler à travers le troisième échangeur de chaleur, dans lequel le premier fluide thermique dans ladite section supplémentaire du premier circuit de fluide thermique dans ledit quatrième échangeur de chaleur reçoit de la chaleur à la fois du deuxième fluide thermique et du premier fluide thermique remis en circulation vers le premier échangeur de chaleur dans la section entre le deuxième échangeur de chaleur et le premier échangeur de chaleur.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier fluide thermique est détendu et/ou refroidi entre la sortie du quatrième échangeur de chaleur et avant d'être à nouveau alimenté vers le premier échangeur de chaleur.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour refroidir le milieu à tempérer, le sens de transport du milieu de transport et donc le sens d'écoulement du premier milieu thermique est inversé, le circuit du deuxième milieu thermique étant en même temps interrompu et/ou déconnecté, le premier milieu thermique traversant le deuxième échangeur de chaleur pour y absorber la chaleur du milieu à tempérer, traverse ensuite le troisième échangeur de chaleur sans y effectuer un autre échange de chaleur, ou est guidé autour de ce troisième échangeur de chaleur, traverse ensuite le premier échangeur de chaleur pour y céder de la chaleur au milieu ambiant, puis est renvoyé au deuxième échangeur de chaleur pour une nouvelle absorption de chaleur du milieu à tempérer, le premier milieu thermique traversant ce circuit sans transition de phase.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier fluide thermique est activement refroidi dans une section du premier circuit de fluide thermique dans la direction d'écoulement en aval du premier échangeur de chaleur et en amont du deuxième échangeur de chaleur.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme premier fluide thermique un liquide, qui est liquide à pression normale en tout cas dans la plage de température de -50°C à + 60°C.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un hydrofluoroéther est utilisé comme premier fluide thermique.
  7. Dispositif agencé pour la mise en œuvre d'un procédé de trempe d'un milieu selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant les éléments suivants :
    a. un premier circuit fermé de fluide thermique (3) dans lequel circule un premier fluide thermique, le premier fluide thermique étant sélectionné pour circuler dans le premier circuit thermique sans transitions de phase,
    b. un deuxième circuit fermé de fluide thermique (20) dans lequel circule un deuxième fluide thermique gazeux, le deuxième fluide thermique gazeux étant choisi pour circuler à travers le deuxième circuit de fluide thermique sans transitions de phase,
    c. un premier échangeur de chaleur (1 ; 1') disposé dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3), dans lequel le premier fluide thermique peut être mis en échange thermique avec un fluide ambiant,
    d. un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (5 ; 5') disposé dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3), dans lequel le premier fluide thermique peut être mis en échange thermique avec le fluide à tempérer,
    e. un premier moyen de transport (12) disposé dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3) pour déplacer le premier fluide thermique dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3),
    f. un compresseur (22) disposé dans le deuxième circuit thermique fermé (20) pour comprimer le deuxième fluide thermique gazeux,
    g. un troisième échangeur de chaleur (9), qui est disposé en aval du compresseur (22), vu dans la direction de l'écoulement, et en contact avec le deuxième circuit de fluide thermique (20) et est en échange thermique avec le premier fluide thermique dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3),
    h. un moyen (18, 19) pour refroidir et/ou dilater le premier fluide thermique dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3), caractérisé en ce que
    i. un quatrième échangeur de chaleur (7) est prévu, qui est intégré dans le deuxième circuit de fluide thermique (20) et y est disposé en amont du compresseur (22), vu dans le sens de l'écoulement, et qui est en liaison d'échange thermique avec le premier fluide thermique conduit dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un liquide est utilisé comme premier milieu de chauffage, lequel liquide est liquide à pression normale au moins dans la plage de température de -50°C à +60°C.
  9. Dispositif de l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le premier milieu thermique est un hydrofluoroéther.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé par au moins un élément Peltier (19) comme moyen de refroidissement du premier milieu thermique.
    milieu thermique.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le quatrième échangeur de chaleur (7) comprend trois conduits séparés échangeant mutuellement de la chaleur, un premier conduit appartenant au deuxième circuit de fluide thermique (20), un deuxième conduit appartenant à une première partie (4, 21) du premier circuit de fluide thermique (3) et un troisième conduit (16, 17) appartenant à une deuxième partie du premier circuit de fluide thermique (3).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième section du premier circuit de fluide thermique, à laquelle appartient le troisième tronçon de tube (16, 17), peut être intégrée dans le premier circuit de fluide thermique (3) par l'intermédiaire de vannes correspondantes (14, 15) ou séparée et pontée de celui-ci.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 ou 1 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une soupape d'expansion (18), en particulier contrôlable, est disposée dans la deuxième section (16, 17).
  14. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le premier moyen de convoyage (12) est réversible par rapport à la direction de convoyage.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le compresseur (22) est un turbocompresseur.
EP16744310.0A 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu Active EP3320279B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201631393T SI3320279T1 (sl) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Naprava in postopek za nadzor temperature medija
HRP20211800TT HRP20211800T1 (hr) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Uređaj i postupak za kontroliranje temperature medija
RS20211429A RS62658B1 (sr) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Uređaj i postupak za kontrolisanje temperature medijuma
PL16744310T PL3320279T3 (pl) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Urządzenie do regulowania temperatury medium i odnośny sposób

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DE102015110994.8A DE102015110994B4 (de) 2015-07-08 2015-07-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Temperieren eines Mediums
PCT/EP2016/065561 WO2017005643A1 (fr) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu

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US11428168B2 (en) * 2020-01-06 2022-08-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Starter/generator arrangements for gas turbine engines
CN113701279B (zh) * 2021-09-23 2022-09-27 广州市珑玛科技有限公司 一种负压加湿器

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DE2508043A1 (de) * 1975-02-25 1976-09-02 Kickbusch Ernst Waermeverbund mit einrichtungen fuer haushalt und wirtschaft
US5524442A (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-06-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cooling system employing a primary, high pressure closed refrigeration loop and a secondary refrigeration loop
US6295827B1 (en) * 1998-09-24 2001-10-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Thermodynamic cycle using hydrostatic head for compression
US6327866B1 (en) 1998-12-30 2001-12-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Food freezing method using a multicomponent refrigerant
US6148634A (en) 1999-04-26 2000-11-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Multistage rapid product refrigeration apparatus and method
JP4053381B2 (ja) * 2002-09-05 2008-02-27 サンデン株式会社 冷却装置
EP1771525B1 (fr) * 2004-01-28 2014-08-13 Brooks Automation, Inc. Cycle de réfrigération utilisant un fluide réfrigérant qui contient un mélange de composants inertes
JP2007071519A (ja) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-22 Sanden Corp 冷却システム
DE102007039195B4 (de) * 2007-08-20 2015-03-26 Ingersoll-Rand Klimasysteme Deutschland Gmbh Anordnung zum Klimatisieren eines Fahrzeugs
DE102011052776B4 (de) * 2011-04-27 2016-12-29 Dürr Thermea Gmbh Überkritische Wärmepumpe

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PT3320279T (pt) 2021-11-29
US10690384B2 (en) 2020-06-23
US20180202695A1 (en) 2018-07-19
RS62658B1 (sr) 2021-12-31
HK1251288A1 (zh) 2019-01-25
LT3320279T (lt) 2021-12-10
DE102015110994B4 (de) 2017-07-20
WO2017005643A1 (fr) 2017-01-12
ES2898845T3 (es) 2022-03-09
SI3320279T1 (sl) 2022-03-31
CN107850350B (zh) 2021-03-09
CY1125409T1 (el) 2023-03-24
DE102015110994A1 (de) 2017-01-12
HUE056620T2 (hu) 2022-02-28
CN107850350A (zh) 2018-03-27
PL3320279T3 (pl) 2022-01-17
EP3320279A1 (fr) 2018-05-16
HRP20211800T1 (hr) 2022-02-18

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