EP3320279A1 - Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu

Info

Publication number
EP3320279A1
EP3320279A1 EP16744310.0A EP16744310A EP3320279A1 EP 3320279 A1 EP3320279 A1 EP 3320279A1 EP 16744310 A EP16744310 A EP 16744310A EP 3320279 A1 EP3320279 A1 EP 3320279A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
heat medium
medium
heat exchanger
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16744310.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3320279B1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe PFÜTZE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reenpro GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to SI201631393T priority Critical patent/SI3320279T1/sl
Priority to RS20211429A priority patent/RS62658B1/sr
Priority to HRP20211800TT priority patent/HRP20211800T1/hr
Priority to PL16744310T priority patent/PL3320279T3/pl
Publication of EP3320279A1 publication Critical patent/EP3320279A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3320279B1 publication Critical patent/EP3320279B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F25B21/04—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/004—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for controlling the temperature of a medium according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11, respectively.
  • Full air conditioning in accordance with DIN EN 13779 is used when the air conditioning system ensures ventilation, heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification. Partial air conditioning is available in the variants: ventilation and heating with and without humidification function, with cooling function and with cooling and humidifying function.
  • tempering units for machines and installations for heating or cooling a working medium, e.g. a liquid used to operate cooling or Temper michsettin, eg. In connection with household appliances, so-called “white devices”.
  • a working medium e.g. a liquid used to operate cooling or Temper michsettin, eg. In connection with household appliances, so-called “white devices”.
  • the evaporator used in today's systems is typically a special preparation of a heat exchanger, since within the heat exchanger an aggregate state change from liquid to gaseous takes place.
  • scroll compressors are quiet, have high efficiency due to low mechanical losses and have a minimal compression dead space.
  • disadvantages of scroll compressors are the low compression end temperature, which must be minimized at a possibly too high temperature with injection of 10% -15% of the heat medium.
  • Another major disadvantage is the very limited power control (with the exception of some Japanese models).
  • Scroll compressors have low pressure oscillations (pressure pulsation).
  • This type of compressor requires lubrication with oil.
  • PVE polyvinyl ether oil
  • POE polyolester oil
  • the POE reacts chemically with water to form an acid, which places corresponding demands on the selection of the material, which must be acid-resistant.
  • the durability of the compressor is lower and the repair vulnerability higher.
  • the condenser or condenser is typically also a special preparation of a heat exchanger, since in this an aggregate state change takes place, here from gaseous to liquid.
  • the environmental heat transport from the evaporator to the compressor takes place at a low temperature level in the gaseous state.
  • the heat transfer at a high energy level is also gaseous.
  • the heat transfer takes place at a medium temperature level in the liquid state of aggregation. From the expansion valve to the evaporator, the heat transfer medium is liquid, at a very low energy level.
  • the compression of the heat medium in a compressor When used as an air conditioning system for cooling vehicles, the compression of the heat medium in a compressor, which is connected via a compressor clutch directly to the vehicle engine.
  • the heat medium is located after compression under high pressure and is gaseous.
  • the heat medium is under high pressure, but liquid.
  • the heat medium flows into a filter drier and remains liquid until the next expansion valve under high pressure.
  • the heat medium In the expansion valve, the heat medium is expanded and cooled.
  • the pressure is low and the heat medium is still liquid. Now, the liquid and cool heat medium flows through the evaporator.
  • COP value coefficient of performance, for heat pumps
  • EER value energy efficiency ratio, for air conditioning systems
  • JAZ annual work count
  • ESEER value European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
  • a special feature of this device according to the invention is that it does not require any evaporator or condenser (condenser), instead having simple heat exchangers. This circumstance is made possible by the fact that none of the heat media used, neither the first heat medium nor the second heat medium, undergoes a phase transition in the process.
  • the first heat exchanger in which the first heat medium is heat exchanged with an ambient medium may allow heat transfer of, for example, outside air, geothermal heat, a liquid, or a gas to the first heat medium. Accordingly, this first heat exchanger can be operated in countercurrent and have two inputs and outputs, one for the respective heat medium. In the case of the first heat exchanger, however, it may also be e.g. to be a lamellar heat exchanger with fan for vehicles with only one input and one output for a single guided in a piping system heat medium, for. to use a heat exchange between environmental heat of the ambient air and the first heat medium for the heating and / or cooling of a vehicle interior.
  • the second heat exchanger may be one which serves to exchange heat between the first heat medium and ambient air used for air conditioning, but also one which provides heat exchange between the first heat medium and another medium carried in a piping system.
  • the second heat exchanger can in turn be a countercurrent heat exchanger with two inputs and two outputs for the two media routed in piping systems, or in the former case, in turn, a fin heat exchanger with fan, e.g. for vehicles (with only one input and output each for the first heat medium) for the direct exchange of heat with air flowing into the vehicle interior.
  • a compressor in particular a turbocompressor, preferably a micro-turbocompressor, which compresses the second heat medium, which flows through this circuit in gaseous form, and thereby heats it accordingly.
  • This compressor is operated when the device is used for heating or for heating the medium to be tempered. Then this compressor can in particular speed-controlled respond to the outside temperature, and by setting a higher speed produces a higher pressure ratio and thus higher temperatures of the compressed second heat medium (the opposite effect when reducing the speed).
  • the heat generated by the compressor in the second heat medium is transferred to the first heat medium when the system is operated as a heater.
  • the third heat exchanger typically, if this is not even completely decoupled by corresponding valves, only the passage of the first heat medium takes place without further heat transfer. The compressor usually does not run in this case.
  • the means for cooling and / or releasing the first heat medium in the first heat medium circuit in the case where the device is operated as a heat pump in the heating mode, in a known manner for further cooling back first heat medium, so that it is also at lower Ambient temperature can absorb heat from the environment and thus make it available for heating.
  • the means for cooling may be used to obtain any further lowering of the temperature of the first heating medium for an improved cooling effect in the second heat exchanger.
  • the means for cooling may advantageously be a, in particular controllable, Peltier element or a plurality of such Peltier elements.
  • a Peltier element can bring about a cooling effect independently of a pressure release, which is particularly advantageous for the operation of the device according to the invention for cooling, that is to say as an air conditioning or refrigeration unit.
  • a liquid can be used as the first heat medium, in particular one which is liquid at normal pressure, at least in the temperature range from -50 ° C to + 60 ° C. Since the device according to the invention operates without phase transitions in the first heat medium, it must be ensured that this medium maintains a uniform phase in the range of the corresponding operating temperatures.
  • a liquid first heat medium is preferable to a gaseous, since the heat storage capacity is much higher.
  • such liquids can be used as the first heat medium, which still have a larger temperature range within which they remain liquid.
  • this temperature range for example, between -60 ° C and + 70 ° C, even beyond, for example, between -90 ° C (or even lower, for example up to -135 ° C) and + 75 ° C or even + 125 ° C.
  • hydrofluoroethers are chemical compounds of the empirical formula C x F y -OC m H n , where x is a number from 1 to 12; y is a number from 0 to 25; m is a number from 1 to 12 and n is a number from 0 to 25.
  • the corresponding compounds are formed from chains of different lengths of fully fluorinated carbons, which are connected via an ether group with an alkyl radical.
  • An example of a particularly suitable hydrofluoroether which can be used as the first heat medium is ethoxynonafluorobutane (C 4 F 9 OC 2 H 5 ). This is a clear, colorless liquid with a pour point (at atmospheric pressure) of -138 ° C and a boiling point (at atmospheric pressure) of 76 ° C.
  • This material can be used well as quality of the 3M Germany GmbH under the trade name 3M TM Novec TM 7200 high-tech liquid are used in an for use as the first heat medium in the inventive device.
  • the group of substances claimed here is not harmful to the climate, so that their use is not only highly efficient from a technological point of view, but also harmless from an ecological point of view.
  • the second, gaseous heat medium can in principle assume very different forms, with air being considered to be very suitable here. Because with air as a second heat medium sufficient tempering effects are achieved, this medium is everywhere equally "free" available, so that the use of air here means no further costs in production and operation. In addition, there are no possible environmental problems which could possibly arise for the use of another medium, in particular if it emerges from a closed circuit.
  • a fourth heat exchanger can be provided in the device, which is integrated in the second heat medium circuit and is arranged upstream of the compressor in the flow direction and which is in heat exchange communication with the first heat medium guided in the first heat medium circuit.
  • this heat exchanger a first heat transfer between the second heat medium and the first heat medium is already achieved before the second heat medium is heated by the compression. In that regard, this further heat exchanger contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the heating operation of the device. If the device is to be used for cooling, this fourth heat exchanger has no function, if appropriate can also be bridged with corresponding valves and line sections.
  • this fourth heat exchanger may have three mutually heat exchanged, separate strands of which a first strand of wire belongs to the second heat medium circuit, a second strand of wire to a first portion of the first heat medium circuit and a third strand of wire to a second portion of the first heat medium circuit.
  • the fourth heat exchanger each has three inputs and outputs and uses - in heating mode - additionally the waste heat from the return of the first heat medium for the preheating of the first heat medium after the first heat medium has taken in the first heat exchanger environmental heat and before it is further heated in the third heat exchanger by the heat of compression generated after the compressor in the second heat medium circuit.
  • the fourth heat exchanger also serves to cool the second heat medium in the second heat medium cycle.
  • a, in particular controllable, expansion valve be arranged.
  • the first conveying means for moving the first heating medium may, in particular, be a circulating pump, which may in particular be designed to be controllable.
  • the first conveying means for example a circulating pump
  • the first conveying means can be designed to be reversible, in particular in its conveying direction, so as to be able to convey or move or drive the first heating medium in two directions, a clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation through the closed first heating medium circuit.
  • This circumstance of the possibility of an optional right-handed rotation or anti-clockwise rotation is particularly important for the option of an optional operation of the device as a heating device (heat pump) or as a cooling device (air conditioning, refrigeration unit).
  • the method according to the invention for controlling the temperature of a medium is characterized in that a first heat medium in a first closed heat medium circulation and is circulated therein by a first conveyor to receive and deliver heat, wherein the first heat medium in the first heat medium circuit by a first heat exchanger is led to the exchange of heat with a surrounding medium. Further, the first heat medium is passed through a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the medium to be tempered, wherein the first heat medium is guided in the first heat medium cycle without undergoing phase transitions in the first heat medium cycle. For heating the medium to be tempered while the first heat medium is guided by the conveyor through the first heat exchanger to absorb heat there.
  • the first heat medium After flowing through the first heat exchanger, the first heat medium is passed through a third heat exchanger, which is integrated in a second closed heat medium circuit, in which a second, gaseous heat medium without phase transitions is circulated.
  • a compressor In the second heat medium circuit while a compressor is arranged, which is arranged in the flow direction of the second heat medium in front of the third heat exchanger and the second heat medium compressed and heated.
  • the first heat medium then absorbs heat from the second heat medium in the third heat exchanger and is passed through the second heat exchanger after passing through the third heat exchanger. There, the first heat medium releases heat to the medium to be tempered.
  • the first heat medium After flowing through the second heat exchanger, the first heat medium is expanded and / or cooled and returned to the first heat exchanger.
  • This method can, and will preferably be, carried out in a device as described and explained above.
  • the device operates as a heat pump, so a method for heating a Nutzmediums operated.
  • the first heat medium can be passed after flowing through the second heat exchanger and before re-flow of the first heat exchanger through a fourth heat exchanger, which is integrated into the second heat medium circuit and flows through the second heat medium before it is compressed by the compressor ,
  • a fourth heat exchanger which is integrated into the second heat medium circuit and flows through the second heat medium before it is compressed by the compressor .
  • the first heat medium is guided in a further section of the first heat medium circuit, namely after flowing through the first heat exchanger and before flowing through the third heat exchanger.
  • heat is absorbed both by the second heat medium (before compression) and by the first heat medium returned in the section between the second heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger in the direction of the first heat exchanger.
  • the first heat medium can be expanded and / or cooled between leaving the fourth heat exchanger and before re-feeding to the first heat exchanger.
  • This can be done, for example, by means of Peltier elements, but also, for example, by using an expansion valve in or in contact with the corresponding pipe.
  • the method according to the invention can also optionally not be used for heating, ie for operating the device in the manner of a heat pump, but can also be used for cooling the medium to be tempered.
  • the conveying direction of the conveying means and thus the flow direction of the first heat medium is reversed, wherein at the same time the second heat medium cycle is interrupted and / or decoupled so far that a heat transfer between the second heat medium and the first heat medium no longer takes place.
  • the first heat medium is passed through the second heat exchanger, there to absorb heat from the medium to be tempered and thus to cool this medium to be tempered.
  • the first heat medium then flows through the third heat exchanger, without there make another heat exchange, or flows past this, and then flows through the first heat exchanger, there to give off heat to the environmental medium. Subsequently, the first heat medium is returned to the second heat exchanger for re-absorption of heat from the medium to be tempered. Again, the first heat medium passes through this cycle without phase transitions.
  • a special feature of the method according to the invention is to be seen, which is also reflected as a special feature of the device according to the invention or a use thereof. Because here one and the same device by the described reversal of the conveying direction of the first heat medium can be used both as a heat pump for heating purposes and for cooling a medium, for example as an air conditioner or cooling unit.
  • this design form is of great interest in the automotive industry, where such a device can be used for both heating and air-conditioning cooling of a passenger compartment in an automobile.
  • the drive form no significant heat energy can be more free and usable, are for the operation provide the vehicle at cold ambient temperatures alternative heating options for which just the device of the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable because they also offer a cooling option in addition to a heating possibility by the simple reversal and transformation of the cycle of the first heat medium.
  • this application is also e.g. in the field of air conditioning (heating / cooling) of passenger compartments in railway wagons and also in other means of transport, buildings and rooms, motorhomes and residential containers or in machinery and equipment equally of great advantage.
  • the method used for cooling may - depending on weather conditions and outdoor temperature and depending on the desired temperature setting for the area to be cooled - be required to intervene with an active cooling of the first heat medium, including the first heat medium in a section of the first heat medium circuit in the flow direction after the first heat exchanger and before the second heat exchanger can be actively cooled, for example by means of a Peltier element or by using several such elements.
  • Peltier elements which are operated with electrical energy, results in addition to the cold side used for cooling and a warm side of the element, must be dissipated to the heat to continue to operate the Peltier element with cooling effect. This heat can be dissipated with advantage to an environmental heat medium and so added to the environmental heat.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used and used in a variety of ways, e.g. for heating or cooling buildings, in particular for residential and commercial buildings, as heating and air conditioning systems for the automotive industry, for the transport and logistics industry, for buses and trains, for mechanical and plant engineering, but also for use in household appliances ,
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for tempering a medium in a first possible embodiment of the invention and with an illustration of the method sequence
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device for tempering a medium in a second possible embodiment of the invention and with an illustration of the method sequence
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a section of the device according to the illustration in Fig. 2 with the illustration of an active cooling of the Peltier elements.
  • FIG. 3 Possible implementations of a device according to the invention for controlling the temperature of a medium are outlined in principle in two mutually slightly modified embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 Another modification is sketched in FIG. 3, which can be selected for both of the basic design variants illustrated in the preceding figures.
  • the figures also contain representations which illustrate the procedure of a method according to the invention to be operated on these devices.
  • a first heat exchanger 1 which in this design variant is a heat exchanger which provides heat transfer between a gaseous environmental medium and a circulating heat medium guided in a duct 2.
  • the first heat medium is guided in a first circuit 3.
  • the line 2 in the heat exchanger 1 is connected to a piece of pipe 4, which is part of a supply line to a second heat exchanger 5, which in turn flows through a conduit 6 of the first heat medium and the heat exchange between this first heat medium and a gaseous medium.
  • a further heat exchanger 7 is arranged, through which the heat medium supplied in the pipe section 4 flows and which leaves the heat medium via a further pipe section 8.
  • the heat exchanger 7 can also be flowed through in the reverse direction, as will be explained later.
  • the pipe section 8 is then connected to a further heat exchanger 9, through which the heat medium flows through to a subsequent piece of pipe 10, which then opens into the second heat exchanger 5, is connected to the line 6 in this heat exchanger 5.
  • Another pipe section 11 is connected on an opposite side with the heat exchanger 5, more precisely with the line 6, and leads to a circulating pump 12.
  • two switchable 3-way valves 14, 15 are arranged , These allow in separate switching positions either a guide of the flow of the first heat medium via a supply line 16 through the heat exchanger 7 and back via a drain 17, in which a controllable expansion valve 18 is provided, to the pipe section 13 or bypassing this loop through the heat exchanger. 7 directly further in the pipe section 13. Seen from the circulation pump 12 beyond the 3-way valves 14, 15 at least one controllable Peltier element 19 is arranged, it can also be provided several such elements. The pipe section 13 then opens again in the line 2 of the heat exchanger 1 and thus closes the circuit 3rd
  • another circuit 20 is realized, in which a second heat medium circulates.
  • a second heat medium circulates.
  • the heat exchanger 7 flows through the second heat medium, the heat exchanger 7, then passes into a pipe section 21 and is compressed by a turbo compressor (in particular a micro-turbocompressor) 22, passed through a piece of pipe 23 to the heat exchanger 9 and then via a return line 24 back to the heat exchanger ,
  • a turbo compressor in particular a micro-turbocompressor
  • the device shown in Figure 1 can now be operated in two modes, namely once as a heat pump to heat a guided through the heat exchanger 5 Nutzmedium, another time as air conditioning device (air conditioning) to cool a run through the heat exchanger 5 working medium.
  • circulation pump 12 circulates the first heat medium in the circuit 3 in the illustration of FIG. 1 in a clockwise direction.
  • the operation direction of the heat media in the heat medium circuits 3 and 20 is illustrated with the filled arrows in the first circuit 3 and with the dashed lines in the second circuit 20 arrows.
  • the first heat exchanger 1 In this operation, in the first heat exchanger 1, environmental heat (e.g., from outside or exhaust air) is transmitted to the first heat medium as it passes the duct 2.
  • the first heat exchanger 1 may in particular be a fin heat exchanger with fan 25.
  • the first heat medium is transported by the circulating pump 12 in the clockwise direction in the self-contained heat medium circuit 3 and brings the recorded environmental heat to the heat exchanger. 7
  • the first heat medium is increased in its temperature level by the waste heat, which originates from the return from the heat exchanger 5, and by the cooling of the second heat medium from the second circuit 20.
  • an increase in the temperature level to about 30 ° C take place when the temperature of the second heat medium in the return is cooled down to about 30 °.
  • the 3-way valves 14, 15 are accordingly in each case in a switching position in which the supply line 16 and the discharge line 17 are integrated into the circuit 3.
  • the (eg to about 30 ° C) cooled second heat medium is in the self-contained second circuit 20 in a diabatic process by the speed-controlled turbocompressor 22, which may be in particular a micro-turbocompressor sucked, compacted and again brought to a high temperature level, it is so-called compression heat impressed.
  • the thus-heated second heat medium in the heat exchanger 9 again encounters the first heat medium, which is conducted around the turbo-compressor in the pipe section 8, and heats the first heat medium to a usable temperature.
  • the heated first heat medium flows to the heat exchanger 5, which in this embodiment may be a lamella heat exchanger with blower 26.
  • the first heat medium gives this heat to a use medium, e.g. sucked fresh air, from.
  • the first heat medium comes from the heat exchanger 5 and flows through the 3-way valve 14 to use the waste heat to the heat exchanger 7, the temperature of the return can, upon exiting the heat exchanger 7, e.g. about 10 ° C.
  • the e.g. about 10 ° C cooled first heat medium then comes through the 3-way valve 15 to the controllable Peltier elements 19.
  • the controllable expansion valve 18 already a relaxation and cooling of the first heat medium.
  • the temperature of the heat medium is lowered to about 10K below the ambient heat by the Peltier effect.
  • the resulting in the cooling on the other side of the Peltier element heat can also be used to preheat the environmental heat with advantage. So then the energetic use is optimally utilized in the Peltier elements 19.
  • the Peltier elements 19 are adjustable and thus the desired temperature range can be adjusted.
  • the first heat medium comes back to the heat exchanger 1.
  • the cycle can begin again. It is important to mention that throughout the cycle the first heat medium does not undergo any phase transitions. Rather, the first heat medium is a liquid which remains liquid under all conditions occurring in the course of the first cycle 3.
  • the first heat medium is in particular a hydrofluoroether, for example ethoxynonafluorobutane (C 4 F 9 OC 2 H 5 ).
  • the second heat medium does not undergo a phase change, but remains gaseous throughout the passage of the second circuit 20.
  • the device constructed according to the scheme shown in FIG. 1 can be operated not only as a heat pump, but also for cooling or conditioning a useful medium.
  • the device is operated as follows; this operation is represented by the unfilled, continuous line arrows in the figure.
  • the second circuit 20 When operating the device as an air conditioner, the second circuit 20 is disabled; the turbocompressor 22 is not needed in the cooling and therefore remains out of service.
  • the environmental medium e.g., outside or exhaust air
  • the environmental medium is preferably colder than the first heat medium, so that the first heat medium in the heat exchanger 1 is transferred heat to the environmental medium.
  • the device also works when the environmental medium is warmer than the first heat medium when it flows through the heat exchanger 1 in the conduit 2.
  • the circulation pump 12 After receiving environmental heat or the release of heat to the environmental medium through the heat medium, this flows to a possibly required further cooling by the controllable Peltier elements 19. This is done by the circulation pump 12, the first circuit 3 now from the first heat medium in flow through the opposite direction.
  • the circulation pump 12 is designed to be reversible in its conveying direction.
  • the first heat medium is transported by the circulation pump 12 here in the illustration of the figure in the counterclockwise direction in the circuit 3.
  • a controller preferably controls the energy input of the Peltier elements 19 such that a difference between the temperature of the environmental medium and the temperature of the first heat medium e.g. about 10 K is.
  • the first heat medium flows through the two 3-way valves 14, 15, which are connected so that the heat medium is forwarded directly into the pipe section 11 without going to the heat exchanger 7.
  • the first heat medium thus reaches the heat exchanger 5 directly.
  • this heat medium absorbs heat from the working fluid and cools it from it.
  • this useful medium can be fresh air that has been sucked in and cooled in particular, which can then be returned to rooms to be conditioned, e.g. the passenger compartment of a vehicle passes.
  • the first heat medium exits the heat exchanger 5 at a higher temperature than it has entered into this heat exchanger 5, and flows to the heat exchanger 9. Through this heat exchanger 9 and on to the heat exchanger 7, the first heat medium flows without further heat exchange. In this case, the first heat medium in the pipe section 8 is passed around the turbo-compressor 22.
  • the first heat medium flows through the heat exchanger 1 again and there, if it is located at a higher temperature level than the ambient temperature, heat from, then begins the cycle again.
  • FIG. 2 outlines an apparatus of identical construction, which operates on the same principle, so that reference can be made to the above description.
  • the only difference between the illustration in FIG. 2 and that in FIG. 1 is that the heat exchangers 1 and 5 shown in FIG. 1 have been replaced by heat exchangers 1 'and 5' in the structure according to FIG. 2, the heat exchangers 1 'being replaced by heat exchangers 1'. and 5 'are now those which are also connected to a line system at the input and output side and are not freely flowed through by air as lamellae.
  • one of the piping systems in this heat exchanger can also be supplied by a gaseous medium, e.g.
  • the device is suitable for example for heating of living spaces by, for example, a medium for transporting geothermal heat to the heat exchanger 1 'in a line 27 is supplied and with the Heat exchanger 5 'a heating medium, for example, water in a line section 28 of a heating circuit, is heated.
  • a medium for transporting geothermal heat to the heat exchanger 1 'in a line 27 is supplied and with the Heat exchanger 5 'a heating medium, for example, water in a line section 28 of a heating circuit, is heated.
  • a heating medium for example, water in a line section 28 of a heating circuit is heated.
  • reverse operation as described above can also be provided here for air conditioning (cooling) of living spaces.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant by depicting a cutout or a subsection of the illustration according to FIG. 2 in which - in the case of using the device for air conditioning (cooling) - the Peltier elements 19 are actively cooled on their heat-emitting side.
  • active cooling may be required in particular when the ambient temperature is particularly high. If the device is used, for example, in the context of a vehicle, then the wind may suffice to dissipate the heat released by the Peltier elements in each case at their heat-emitting part. This can be more difficult with stationary systems.
  • a fan 29 may be provided. If the provision of such a fan 29 is sufficient to sufficiently cool the Peltier element (s) on the heat-emitting sides, no further cooling measures are required. If the supply of fresh air by means of the fan 29 alone does not suffice, then additionally or alternatively a further cooling mechanism may be provided, e.g. such, as outlined in Figure 3.
  • Heat medium flowing in a feed line 30 absorbs waste heat from the Peltier element (s) 19.
  • a circulation pump 31 then conveys the heat medium in the direction of a 3-way valve 32.
  • the 3-way valve 32 is connectable to the supply line 16.
  • this supply line 16 is separated by means of the 3-way valve 14 from the line formed by the pipe sections 11 and 13.
  • the first heat medium after flowing through the 3-way valve 32, is forwarded via the supply line 16 to a further 3-way valve 33.
  • the latter blocks the supply line 16 from the heat exchanger 7 and transfers the flow of the first heat medium Instead, in a short-circuit line 34.
  • This is connected to a further 3-way valve 35 which is connected to the discharge line 17.
  • the 3-way valve 35 shuts off the drain 17 from the heat exchanger 7 and directs the first heat medium toward the expansion valve 18. There, the first heat medium is expanded and thereby cooled.
  • the expansion valve 18 downstream 3-way valve 36 which closes off the discharge line 17 in this mode of operation from the 3-way valve 15, the so cooled and pressure-relieved heat medium then comes in a to the 3-way valve 36th connected return line 37 and from there back to the Peltier elements 19, where it absorbs waste heat again, and then to get back into the flow line 30.
  • This circuit is activated by wiring the corresponding 3-way valves 32, 33, 35 and 36 by a controller when the device operates in the cooling mode and thereby an active cooling of the Peltier elements 19 is required.
  • the Peltier element (s) 19 it is also possible to operate an active cooling of the Peltier element (s) 19, as described above, also in heat pump mode, if e.g. the first heat medium has to be cooled down particularly far in order to be able to absorb environmental heat at a low temperature level in the heat exchanger 1 or 1 '.
  • the short-circuit line 34 is not used, the 3-way valves 33 and 35 may be connected so that the heat exchanger 7 remains involved in the circuit.
  • the 3-way valves 14 and 15 are connected so that they include the supply line 16 and the derivative 17 with.
  • the 3-way valves 32 and 36 are then switched so that they open both a connection to the 3-way valves 14 and 15 and the connection in the direction of the circulation pump 31 and the return line 37.
  • the 3-way Valve 32 must also have a check valve, so that can not flow from the supply line 16 of the 3-way valve 14 ago by means of the circulation pump 12 depressed first thermal fluid in the intended direction of rotation opposite direction in the 3-way valve 32.
  • a special feature of the invention is the selection of the first heat medium.
  • this is preferably a hydrofluoroether (a chemical compound of the empirical formula C x F y -OC m H n , where x is a number from 1 to 12, y is a number from 0 to 25, m is a number from 1 to 12 and n represents a number from 0 to 25).
  • Such compounds are present under normal conditions as a liquid. They typically have their pour point only in the temperature range of -38 ° C to -138 ° C, and the boiling point is between 34 ° C and 128 ° C. Between pour point and boiling point these compounds are liquid. The densities of these fluids are significantly higher than the thermal media used by known and related devices.
  • This medium is also electrically non-conductive, so that it can serve in the manner described above as a cooling medium for cooling the voltage applied to Peltier elements 19, without leading to a short circuit or the like.
  • GWP global warming potential
  • Hydrofluoroethers are not dangerous goods and must not be specially treated according to the legislation during transport, assembly, repair or service, disassembly or accidents. Rather, they are correspondingly simpler, more environmentally friendly and less risky to handle and use.
  • hydrofluoroethers are not electrically conductive, non-flammable and flammable and therefore also be used where in an accident there is a risk of fire, short circuits in the electrical system would be possible or environmental hazards may arise.
  • a non-hazardous gaseous heating medium for example air, may be used.
  • the turbocompressor in the second heat medium cycle can operate at a pressure of only up to 4 bar and yet already achieve sufficient heating of the second heat medium.
  • the comparatively low pressure significantly reduces the risk of accidents, leaks and environmental hazards.
  • the turbocompressor In the second heat medium cycle, only a small volume of the second heat medium is required. Furthermore, there is only a low pressure and also a preheated second heat medium before entering the turbocompressor, so that the required electrical power in the heat pump operation of the device is very low. A further reduction of the required electrical power can even be achieved if the turbocompressor is equipped with a gas or magnetic bearing.
  • turbocompressors in particular of the preferably used micro-turbocompressors, include, inter alia, that only very small mechanical losses occur and thus a very high efficiency is achieved.
  • Turbo compressors have a very good power regulation. With them, a very large range of services can be covered.
  • the turbocompressors are characterized in that there is no pressure pulsation.
  • the use of a lubricant, such as oil in the scroll compressors is also eliminated in the turbocompressors. They have - especially as micro-turbocompressors - very small size dimensions. For example, has a 5,000 W micro-turbocompressor the dimensions: length 25.4 cm, diameter 8.0 c.
  • a scroll compressor of the same power has the dimensions: length 60.0 cm and diameter 40.0 cm.
  • the turbocompressors are also very light compared to the usual scroll compressors.
  • Turbo compressors are virtually maintenance-free and therefore have extremely low operating costs. The lifetime of these compressors is many times higher than that of scroll compressors.
  • Micro-turbocompressors can have the disadvantage that due to the very high speeds of the impeller shaft (up to 500,000 rpm at peak load, normally between 80,000 rpm and 180,000 rpm), noises can occur, but these can be controlled ,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu, comprenant les éléments suivants : un premier circuit fermé de milieu caloporteur (3) dans lequel circule un premier milieu caloporteur, lequel circule dans le premier circuit de milieu caloporteur (3) sans transition de phase, un deuxième circuit fermé de milieu caloporteur (20) dans lequel circule un deuxième milieu caloporteur gazeux, lequel traverse le deuxième circuit de milieu caloporteur (20) sans transition de phase, un premier échangeur de chaleur (1 ; 1') disposé dans le premier circuit de milieu caloporteur (3) et dans lequel le premier milieu caloporteur peut être mis en échange thermique avec un milieu environnant, un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (5 ; 5') disposé dans le premier circuit de milieu caloporteur (3) et dans lequel le premier milieu caloporteur peut être mis en échange thermique avec le milieu dont la température doit être régulée, un premier moyen de refoulement (12) disposé dans le premier circuit de milieu caloporteur (3) pour déplacer le premier milieu caloporteur, un compresseur (22) disposé dans le deuxième circuit fermé de milieu caloporteur (20) pour comprimer le deuxième milieu caloporteur gazeux, un troisième échangeur de chaleur (9) qui est disposé, vu dans le sens d'écoulement, derrière le compresseur (22) et en contact avec le deuxième circuit de milieu caloporteur (20) et est en échange de chaleur avec le premier milieu caloporteur, et un moyen (18, 19) de refroidissement et/ou de détente du premier milieu caloporteur. Un tel dispositif peut être utilisé tout aussi bien en mode de chauffage, en tant que pompe à chaleur ou pour le refroidissement. Il présente une efficacité énergétique élevée.
EP16744310.0A 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu Active EP3320279B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201631393T SI3320279T1 (sl) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Naprava in postopek za nadzor temperature medija
RS20211429A RS62658B1 (sr) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Uređaj i postupak za kontrolisanje temperature medijuma
HRP20211800TT HRP20211800T1 (hr) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Uređaj i postupak za kontroliranje temperature medija
PL16744310T PL3320279T3 (pl) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Urządzenie do regulowania temperatury medium i odnośny sposób

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015110994.8A DE102015110994B4 (de) 2015-07-08 2015-07-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Temperieren eines Mediums
PCT/EP2016/065561 WO2017005643A1 (fr) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3320279A1 true EP3320279A1 (fr) 2018-05-16
EP3320279B1 EP3320279B1 (fr) 2021-09-01

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EP16744310.0A Active EP3320279B1 (fr) 2015-07-08 2016-07-01 Procédé et dispositif de régulation de la température d'un milieu

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US (1) US10690384B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3320279B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107850350B (fr)
CY (1) CY1125409T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015110994B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2898845T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1251288A1 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20211800T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUE056620T2 (fr)
LT (1) LT3320279T (fr)
PL (1) PL3320279T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3320279T (fr)
RS (1) RS62658B1 (fr)
SI (1) SI3320279T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017005643A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11428168B2 (en) * 2020-01-06 2022-08-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Starter/generator arrangements for gas turbine engines
CN113701279B (zh) * 2021-09-23 2022-09-27 广州市珑玛科技有限公司 一种负压加湿器

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2508043A1 (de) * 1975-02-25 1976-09-02 Kickbusch Ernst Waermeverbund mit einrichtungen fuer haushalt und wirtschaft
US5524442A (en) * 1994-06-27 1996-06-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cooling system employing a primary, high pressure closed refrigeration loop and a secondary refrigeration loop
US6295827B1 (en) * 1998-09-24 2001-10-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Thermodynamic cycle using hydrostatic head for compression
US6327866B1 (en) * 1998-12-30 2001-12-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Food freezing method using a multicomponent refrigerant
US6148634A (en) * 1999-04-26 2000-11-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Multistage rapid product refrigeration apparatus and method
JP4053381B2 (ja) * 2002-09-05 2008-02-27 サンデン株式会社 冷却装置
WO2005072404A2 (fr) * 2004-01-28 2005-08-11 Brooks Automation, Inc. Cycle de refrigeration utilisant un fluide refrigerant qui contient un melange de composants inertes
JP2007071519A (ja) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-22 Sanden Corp 冷却システム
DE102007039195B4 (de) * 2007-08-20 2015-03-26 Ingersoll-Rand Klimasysteme Deutschland Gmbh Anordnung zum Klimatisieren eines Fahrzeugs
DE102011052776B4 (de) * 2011-04-27 2016-12-29 Dürr Thermea Gmbh Überkritische Wärmepumpe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT3320279T (pt) 2021-11-29
LT3320279T (lt) 2021-12-10
WO2017005643A1 (fr) 2017-01-12
CY1125409T1 (el) 2023-03-24
US20180202695A1 (en) 2018-07-19
CN107850350B (zh) 2021-03-09
HK1251288A1 (zh) 2019-01-25
EP3320279B1 (fr) 2021-09-01
US10690384B2 (en) 2020-06-23
HRP20211800T1 (hr) 2022-02-18
CN107850350A (zh) 2018-03-27
DE102015110994A1 (de) 2017-01-12
SI3320279T1 (sl) 2022-03-31
HUE056620T2 (hu) 2022-02-28
RS62658B1 (sr) 2021-12-31
ES2898845T3 (es) 2022-03-09
PL3320279T3 (pl) 2022-01-17
DE102015110994B4 (de) 2017-07-20

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