EP3320266B1 - Élément d'écran thermique métallique à circulation d'air de refroidissement optimisée - Google Patents

Élément d'écran thermique métallique à circulation d'air de refroidissement optimisée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3320266B1
EP3320266B1 EP15756635.7A EP15756635A EP3320266B1 EP 3320266 B1 EP3320266 B1 EP 3320266B1 EP 15756635 A EP15756635 A EP 15756635A EP 3320266 B1 EP3320266 B1 EP 3320266B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling air
heat shield
shield element
edge portions
air pocket
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15756635.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3320266A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Böttcher
Tobias Krieger
Kai-Uwe Schildmacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP3320266A1 publication Critical patent/EP3320266A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03043—Convection cooled combustion chamber walls with means for guiding the cooling air flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03044—Impingement cooled combustion chamber walls or subassemblies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat shield element for use in a heat shield, in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall of a gas turbine.
  • a heat shield is used in a known manner, which causes a separation between the hot combustion chamber and the structure to be protected from thermal damage behind the heat shield.
  • the heat shield is lined with ceramic heat shield tiles and / or metallic heat shield elements.
  • the heat shield tiles or the heat shield elements generally have a planar or slightly curved shape with a pointing to the combustion chamber hot side and an opposite cold side and peripheral edges. These are each fastened to a support structure arranged below the heat shield tiles or heat shield elements.
  • a largely closed heat shield is formed next to each other.
  • the heat shield tiles or heat shield elements are positioned at a distance from each other, so that in each case forms a side gap between the edges of adjacent heat shield elements.
  • the side gap between the heat shield tiles or heat shield elements is required in order to accommodate different thermal expansions between the heat shield tiles or heat shield elements and the underlying support structure can.
  • the use of heat shield tiles or heat shield elements is usually inadequate to prevent progressive damage. Therefore, in known manner cooling air used to prevent the emergence of critical component temperatures.
  • heat shield tiles and heat shield elements have a higher temperature resistance, in particular metallic heat shield elements are to be cooled during operation of the gas turbine.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to improve the distribution of the cooling air over the length of the gap, taking into account the arrangement of the heat shield elements in several rows.
  • the stated object is achieved by an inventive heat shield element according to the teaching of claim 1.
  • a heat shield according to the invention using a heat shield element according to the invention is specified in claim 11.
  • Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the generic heat shield element forms part of a heat shield, this being intended in particular for use in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • a plurality of generic heat shield elements is used on the heat shield.
  • the heat shield element initially comprises a wall. This wall has a hot side which can be acted upon by a hot medium and a cold side which is opposite the hot side.
  • the cold side is oriented pointing away from the combustion chamber.
  • the wall can here in the simplest design be executed planar, but also have a single or multiple curved shape.
  • At least the heat shield element has a peripheral edge surrounding the wall. At least two opposing first edge portions are arranged on this.
  • the first edge portions are substantially parallel to each other along a longitudinal direction. If it is a planar wall with a rectangular shape, then the first edge portions are parallel to each other in a straight line in the longitudinal direction. In the case of a curved shape of the wall, the first edge sections extend approximately parallel to one another and in this case essentially in the longitudinal direction.
  • At least the first edge sections are to be designed such that, in the case of an arrangement of three identical generic heat shield elements, a substantially uniform gap between the adjacent first edge sections results in each case next to each other.
  • the first edge sections of the heat shield element extend from the hot side to beyond the cold side up to a web top.
  • a plurality of cooling air openings are present, which extend from an inner side of the respective edge portion to an outer side of the respective edge portion.
  • At least one cooling air pocket is now introduced for further optimization of the cooling air distribution in the gap in the wall.
  • This cooling air pocket is arranged here on the cold side and thus dips, starting from the cold side in the wall in the direction of the hot side.
  • This cooling air pocket is in this case in the region of a first cooling air opening to arrange.
  • it is necessary for the cooling air pocket to extend from the inside in a transverse direction, ie essentially transversely to the inside.
  • the first cooling air opening it is necessary for the first cooling air opening to be arranged at least in sections within the cooling air pocket.
  • the cooling air introduced on the cold side can be introduced through the cooling air pocket in the first cooling air opening.
  • an improved supply of cooling air into the gap can be selectively effected in the region of the first cooling air opening.
  • a better adaptation to the cooling air distribution over the course of the gap can be achieved.
  • An advantageous design of the cooling air pocket is achieved if this has an advantageous size in relation to the first cooling air opening. Therefore, comparatively, the smallest free cross section of the cooling air opening is used as the cooling air cross section.
  • the cooling air pocket advantageously has, at least in sections, in its course from the inside of the first edge section to the end of the cooling air pocket, a first cross-sectional area of at least 0.5 times and at most 10 times the cooling air cross-section.
  • Hierei is considered a first cross-sectional area parallel to the selected cooling air cross-section.
  • the first cross-sectional area of the cooling air pocket corresponds at least to the simple and at most 5 times the cooling air cross-section.
  • This advantageous shape of the cooling air pocket ensures, on the one hand, that sufficiently sufficient cooling air can be supplied to the first cooling air opening through the cooling air pocket. On the other hand, it avoids that the cooling air pocket reaches an unnecessary size, which is no longer effective for improving the cooling air distribution.
  • the cooling air pocket in the region of the first cooling air opening has a second cross-sectional area transversely to the selected cooling air cross-section of at least 2 times and at most 20 times the cooling air cross-section.
  • the selected second cross-sectional area lies in a plane which runs essentially centrally through the cooling air opening and is aligned essentially transversely to the cooling air cross-section.
  • Particularly advantageous in this case is a choice of at least 2 times and at most 10 times the cooling air cross section for the second cross-sectional area of the cooling air pocket.
  • the size of the cooling air pocket taking into account the dimension of the heat shield element. It is advantageous if the cooling air pocket has an extent in the transverse direction transverse to the inside of the first edge portion of at least 0.05 times and at most 0.2 times the width of the heat shield element, measured in the same direction as the extension of the cooling air pocket.
  • the design of the cooling air pocket within these proportions has proven to be advantageous in terms of the supply of cooling air from the cold side into the cooling air pocket for passage through the first cooling air opening.
  • the cooling air pocket has a depth starting from the cold side of at least 0.2 times and at most 0.5 times the material thickness of the wall (starting from the cold side to the hot side at the same point).
  • the concrete embodiment of the cooling air pocket is initially irrelevant, provided that sufficient flow is ensured by the cold air side through the cooling air pocket in the first cooling air opening.
  • the peripheral edges of the cooling air pocket are made flattened, or are rounded in the transition to the cold side.
  • the first cooling air opening is arranged in sections in the region of the cooling air pocket.
  • Particularly advantageous is an arrangement of the first cooling air opening when it is arranged on the inside with at least 40% but not more than 60% within the cooling air pocket. This leads quasi to the arrangement of the first cooling air opening centrally to the cold side, so that approximately half of the first cooling air opening above the cold side and the other half of the first cooling air opening are arranged below the cold side.
  • the design of the cooling air pocket in conjunction with the first cooling air opening leads to an advantageously flush arrangement of the first cooling air opening to the bottom of the cooling air pocket. Deviating from this, however, it is without disadvantage if a small distance from the bottom of the cooling air pocket to the first cooling air opening is present. This is advantageously at most 0.5 times the depth of the cooling air pocket, i. the distance from the cold side to the bottom of the cooling air pocket. Particularly advantageously, the distance from the bottom to the first cooling air opening is at most 0.25 times the depth of the cooling air pocket.
  • cooling air openings both the first cooling air openings and the other cooling air openings, initially irrelevant.
  • the material thickness of the first edge portions is at least 0.5 times the material thickness of the wall and a maximum of 2 times the material thickness of the wall. This leads to an advantageous strength and avoids unnecessary thermal stresses. It is particularly advantageous if the material thickness of the first edge sections substantially corresponds to the material thickness of the wall.
  • the second edge portion also extends from the hot side to beyond the cold side.
  • the first cooling air opening, and belonging to the cooling air pocket near the second edge portion as the first to be arranged in the row of cooling air openings takes advantage of the particular advantages of the embodiment according to the invention with the cooling bag, as by the arrangement of the first cooling air opening with the cooling air pocket as the first of the plurality of cooling air openings a second edge portion an advantageous cooling air supply in the region of the corner of the heat shield element is made possible.
  • the heat shield element comprises a rib arranged on the cold side.
  • This also applies to connecting between the two first edge sections in a raised manner on the cold side, wherein the latter extends at a distance substantially parallel to the second edge section.
  • the first cooling air opening with the cooling air pocket is in this case between the rib and the second edge portion.
  • This advantageous design using a rib arranged next to the first cooling air opening on the cold side achieves a particularly advantageous air flow into the first cooling air opening for targeted ventilation in the corner region of the heat shield element.
  • the concrete embodiment of the second edge portion, as well as the concrete embodiment of the rib is initially irrelevant, which are carried out in a particularly advantageous manner substantially coincident with the first edge portions and thus extend as far as the web top of the first edge portions.
  • These have a substantially matching material thickness with the first edge portions and are also aligned substantially perpendicular to the hot side or substantially perpendicular to the cold side, with an angular deviation of +/- 15 degrees is also considered negligible.
  • the heat shield element according to the invention leads to a novel heat shield according to the invention using a heat shield element according to the invention.
  • the heat shield is provided in particular for use in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the heat shield at least partially forms the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • This one points a support structure on which a plurality of heat shield tiles and / or heat shield elements are attached, wherein at least one heat shield element is used in inventive or advantageous embodiment.
  • the heat shield tiles or heat shield elements are in this case arranged areally under load of a gap adjacent to each other.
  • the heat shield is provided with a completely circumferential row of heat shield elements, each with a heat shield element according to the above embodiment, and insofar in each case have at least one cooling air pocket at a first cooling air opening.
  • an arrangement of the heat shield elements according to the invention in a circumferential row is required such that the first edge sections of the respective heat shield elements are arranged adjacent to each other at the gap, wherein the second edge sections are positioned in extension to each other.
  • the circumferential row of inventive heat shield elements are arranged in the particularly advantageous heat shield at the downstream end of the heat shield.
  • the individual heat shield elements are to be aligned in such a way that the two edge sections of the heat shield element point towards the downstream end of the heat shield.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically and by way of example a section through the combustion system of a combustion chamber 26.
  • Burners 27 are arranged in the upper region of the combustion chamber 26 in inlet openings. There the mixing of the fuel with the compressor air takes place. In the combustion chamber 26, the combustion takes place. Through the outlet at the downstream end 24 of the combustor 26, the hot combustion gases pass into a turbine where they strike the first stationary vane 28.
  • the combustion chamber 26 is lined with ceramic heat shield tiles 23 and metallic heat shield elements 01, which are fastened to the support structure 22 of the heat shield 21.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically and by way of example a metallic heat shield element 01 according to the invention for use in a heat shield 21 for a combustion chamber 26 of a gas turbine.
  • the heat shield element 01 comprises a wall 03, the 03 has a hot side acted upon by a hot medium 04, one of the hot side 04 opposite cold side 05 and a peripheral edge.
  • the wall has a curved shape and is designed substantially rectangular.
  • first edge sections 06 extend in a longitudinal direction of the heat shield element 01.
  • the longitudinal direction corresponds in the exemplary application to the one in FIG Fig. 1 illustrated heat shield approximately the flow direction.
  • the two opposite first edge portions 06 each have an inner surface 08 extending from the cold side 05 to the web upper side 07 and an outer side 09 extending from the hot side 04 to the web upper side.
  • a second edge portion 16 located on the peripheral edge, a second edge portion 16, which 16 connects at the corners 18 of the heat shield element 01, the two ends of the opposite first edge portions 06 together. This 16 is executed substantially coincident with the first edge portions 06 and extends transversely to these 06.
  • This embodiment further comprises a parallel and spaced from the second edge portion 16 extending rib 17, which 17 arranged on the cold side 05 also connects the two first edge portions 06 together.
  • a plurality of cooling air openings 11, 12 are provided, wherein a first cooling air opening 12 is arranged as the first in the row of the plurality of cooling air openings 11, 12 between the second edge portion 16 and the rib 17, while all other cooling air openings 11 at the of the second edge portion 16 repellent side of the rib 17 are arranged.
  • a cooling air pocket 13 is present in the wall 03 starting from the cold side 04.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a detailed view in the region of the corner 18 of the heat shield element 01 Fig. 2 with the first cooling air opening 12 and the cooling air pocket 13.
  • This 13 extends from the inside 08 transverse to the inside 08, ie substantially corresponding to the orientation of the first cooling air opening 12.
  • the first cooling air opening 12 to about half within the cooling air pocket 13, ie, the center of the first cooling air opening 12 is approximately at the level of the cold side 04th
  • the dimension of the cooling air pocket 13 are chosen such that a sufficient flow of cooling air into the first cooling air opening 12 is made possible, but no unnecessary weakening of the wall 03 takes place. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cooling air pocket 13 was made with a depth which is slightly deeper than the first cooling air opening 12 requires. Furthermore, the cross section of the cooling air pocket 13 in a plane parallel to the inside 08 - the cooling air holes 11, 12 are aligned substantially transverse to the inside 08 and 08 outside - about twice as large as a smallest cooling air cross section of the first cooling air hole 12, wherein the cross section towards the end of the cooling air pocket 13 increasingly reduced.
  • the length of the cooling air pocket 13 across the inside, i. in the direction of the first cooling air opening 12, is approximately 2.5 times the material thickness of the first edge portion 06 in the region of the first cooling air opening 12th
  • the heat shield elements 01 are arranged at the downstream end 24 of the heat shield 21, wherein each of the first edge portions 06 are aligned adjacent to each other via a gap.
  • the second edge sections 16 with the first cooling air openings 12 located at the corners 18 with the cooling air pockets 13 are likewise arranged downstream in the example. That is, the heat shield elements 01 are aligned with the second edge portions 16 facing the vanes 28.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Elément (01) de bouclier (21) thermique ayant une paroi (03), laquelle paroi (03) a un côté (04) chaud, pouvant être soumis à un fluide chaud, et un côté (05) froid opposé au côté (04) chaud, et comprenant deux premières parties (06) de bord opposées l'une à l'autre et s'étendant suivant une direction longitudinale, lesquelles parties (06) de bord s'étendent chacune du côté (04) chaud au-delà du côté (05) froid jusqu'à un côté (07) supérieur en nervure et, dans les parties (06) de bord, il y a plusieurs ouïes (11, 12) d'air de refroidissement réparties sur la longueur des parties (06) de bord et s'étendant d'un côté (08) intérieur à un côté (09) extérieur,
    dans lequel, sur le côté (05) froid, est disposée une poche (13) d'air de refroidissement, la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement pénétrant, à partir du côté (05) froid, dans la paroi (03) en direction du côté (04) chaud et s'étendant, à partir du côté (08) intérieur, dans une direction transversale, une première ouïe (12) d'air de refroidissement étant disposée, au moins par endroit, à l'intérieur de la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement.
  2. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la première ouïe (12) d'air de refroidissement a une section transversale libre pour l'air de refroidissement la plus petite,
    dans lequel la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement a, au moins par endroit, une première surface de section transversale parallèlement à la section transversale de l'air de refroidissement représentant au moins 0,5 fois et au maximum 10 fois la section transversale de l'air de refroidissement ;
    et/ou
    dans lequel la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement a, dans la région de la première ouïe (12) d'air de refroidissement, une deuxième surface de section transversale transversalement à la section transversale de l'air de refroidissement représentant au moins 2 fois et au maximum 20 fois la section transversale de l'air de refroidissement.
  3. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement a une étendue, dans la direction transversale, représentant au moins 0,05 fois et au maximum 0,2 fois la largeur de l'élément (01) de bouclier thermique ;
    et/ou
    en ce que la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement a une profondeur, à partir du côté (05) froid, représentant au moins 0,2 fois et au maximum 0,5 fois l'épaisseur de matériau de la paroi (03) allant du côté (05) froid au côté (04) chaud.
  4. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'au moins 25% et au maximum 75% de la première ouïe (12) d'air de refroidissement, du côté (08) intérieur, sont mis à l'intérieur de la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement.
  5. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la première ouïe (12) d'air de refroidissement est à affleurement avec un fond de la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement ou la distance de la première ouïe (12) d'air de refroidissement au fond représente au plus 0,5 fois la profondeur de la poche (13) d'air de refroidissement.
  6. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le côté (09) extérieur et le côté (08) intérieur font un angle compris entre 75° et 105° avec le côté (04) chaud et/ou
    en ce que l'épaisseur du matériau des premières parties (06) de bord représente au moins 0,5 fois et au maximum 2 fois l'épaisseur du matériau de la paroi (03).
  7. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'élément (01) de bouclier thermique a une deuxième partie (16) de bord s'étendant, en reliant respectivement une extrémité des premières parties (06) de bord, du côté (04) chaud jusqu'au-delà du côté (05) froid, de laquelle (16) la première ouïe (12) d'air de refroidissement est la plus proche.
  8. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 7,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'élément (01) de bouclier thermique comprend une nervure (17) disposée sur le côté (05) froid, laquelle nervure (17) s'étend, en reliant les deux premières parties (06) de bord, à distance de la deuxième partie (16) de bord, la première ouïe (12) de refroidissement étant disposée entre la deuxième partie (16) de bord et la nervure (17).
  9. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant la revendication 8,
    caractérisé
    en ce que les autres ouïes (11) de refroidissement sont disposées du côté de la nervure (17), loin de la deuxième partie (16) de bord.
  10. Elément (01) de bouclier thermique suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 9,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la deuxième partie (16) de bord et/ou la nervure (17) s'étend sensiblement jusqu'au côté (07) supérieur en nervure et/ou a une épaisseur de matériau coïncidant sensiblement avec les premières parties (06) de bord et/ou fait un angle compris entre 75° et 105° avec le côté (05) chaud.
  11. Bouclier (21) thermique ayant une structure (22) de support et une pluralité de carreaux (23) de bouclier thermique et/ou d'éléments (01) de bouclier thermique fixés respectivement à la structure (22) de support à plat, en étant voisins les uns des autres avec un intervalle,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'un élément (01) de bouclier thermique est réalisé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10.
  12. Bouclier (21) thermique suivant la revendication 11,
    caractérisé
    en ce que, dans une rangée faisant le tour, des éléments (01) de bouclier thermique sont réalisés chacun suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel les premières parties (06) de bord des éléments (01) du bouclier thermique sont disposées, en étant voisines, par l'intermédiaire d'un intervalle et les deuxièmes parties (16) de bord sont disposées dans le prolongement des unes des autres.
  13. Bouclier (21) thermique suivant la revendication 12,
    caractérisé
    en ce que la rangée continue d'éléments (01) de bouclier thermique est disposée à l'extrémité (24) en aval du bouclier (21) thermique, les deuxièmes parties (16) de bord étant tournées vers l'extrémité (24).
EP15756635.7A 2015-08-27 2015-08-27 Élément d'écran thermique métallique à circulation d'air de refroidissement optimisée Active EP3320266B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2015/069661 WO2017032424A1 (fr) 2015-08-27 2015-08-27 Élément d'écran thermique métallique à circulation d'air de refroidissement optimisée

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EP3320266A1 EP3320266A1 (fr) 2018-05-16
EP3320266B1 true EP3320266B1 (fr) 2019-03-20

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017212575A1 (de) * 2017-07-21 2019-01-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Leistung einer Gasturbine
CN113933061B (zh) * 2021-09-30 2024-04-19 中国联合重型燃气轮机技术有限公司 静叶模拟器和具有其的燃烧室试验装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090235668A1 (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 General Electric Company Insulator bushing for combustion liner
DE102012204103A1 (de) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hitzeschildelement für einen Verdichterluftbypass um die Brennkammer
DE102012204162A1 (de) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ringbrennkammer-Bypass
CN103968418B (zh) * 2014-05-26 2015-12-30 西北工业大学 一种用于加力燃烧室的双层壁隔热屏

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CN107923616A (zh) 2018-04-17
CN107923616B (zh) 2019-12-13
WO2017032424A1 (fr) 2017-03-02

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