EP3314159B1 - Terminal de regazéification et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel terminal - Google Patents

Terminal de regazéification et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel terminal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3314159B1
EP3314159B1 EP16733435.8A EP16733435A EP3314159B1 EP 3314159 B1 EP3314159 B1 EP 3314159B1 EP 16733435 A EP16733435 A EP 16733435A EP 3314159 B1 EP3314159 B1 EP 3314159B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stream
lng
pressure
gas stream
pressurized
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EP16733435.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3314159A1 (fr
Inventor
Marcel Filip Dabkowski
Mees Hidde VAN DEN BERG
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311—Air heating
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    • F17C2227/0318—Water heating using seawater
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/068—Distribution pipeline networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a regasification terminal and a method of operating a regasification terminal.
  • Natural gas is a useful fuel source. However, it is often produced a relative large distance away from market. In such cases it may be desirable to liquefy natural gas in an LNG plant at or near the source of a natural gas stream. In the form of LNG natural gas can be stored and transported over long distances more readily than in gaseous form, because it occupies a smaller volume.
  • the LNG is transported by a suitable LNG carrier vessel to a regasification terminal (also referred to as revaporizing terminal or import terminal), where it is revaporized before being fed to the gas grid.
  • a regasification terminal also referred to as revaporizing terminal or import terminal
  • the cold present in the LNG is typically transferred to the ambient via cooling air or cooling water.
  • the LNG In order to revaporize the LNG heat may be added to the LNG. Before adding the heat, the LNG is often pressurized to meet the requirements of the gas grid. Typically, the gas grid is at a pressure of above 60 bar, e.g. 80 bar. The revaporized natural gas product may then be sold to a customer, suitably via the gas grid.
  • WO2008012286 , WO2013186271 , WO2013186277 and WO2013186275 describe an apparatus and method for heating a liquefied stream. These documents focus in particular on heat exchangers to transfer heat from the ambient to the liquefied stream by cycling a heat transfer fluid through a circuit from a first heat transfer zone to a second heat transfer zone.
  • LNG may be produced, transported and stored at different pressures and associated temperatures. It will be understood that the exact combination of pressure and temperature at which natural gas liquefies (the boiling point), depends on the exact composition of the natural gas.
  • Atmospheric LNG is produced at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, consequently at a temperature close to -162°C. Atmospheric LNG requires a relatively high cooling effort, but has the advantage that the LNG can be transported and stored under atmospheric pressure, minimizing the safety risks and reducing the costs of the storage tanks used for transportation and storage.
  • Pressurized LNG (also referred to as cryo compressed LNG (ccLNG)) is produced at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature equal to the boiling point of the natural gas, the exact value depending on the composition of the natural gas.
  • the pressure of pressurized LNG may be above 2 bar or at least above 5 bar.
  • pressurized LNG may be produced at a pressure of 15 - 17 bar at a temperature of approximately -115°C.
  • Pressurized LNG has the advantage that less cooling effort is required making production less energy-consuming.
  • EP2442056 describes a method for producing pressurized liquefied natural gas (PLNG) and a production system therefor.
  • PLNG pressurized liquefied natural gas
  • CA2550469 provides an example of a fiber reinforced plastic pressure vessel for retaining pressurized and liquefied natural gas.
  • WO2010093400A1 discloses a re-gasification system, a liquefaction system, a shell and tube arrangement to store cold energy from a liquefied gas in a re-gasification system at a first location for use in a liquefaction process at a second location.
  • the present invention provides a method of operating a regasification terminal, the method comprising:
  • the cooling stream may comprise the complete re-gas stream or a portion thereof, i.e. a side-stream thereof.
  • E1) and e2) may be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously.
  • E1) and/or e2) may also be performed in one or more stages, wherein the different stages can be performed in any suitable order.
  • the feed stream can be expanded, cooled against the cooling stream and subsequently further expanded.
  • E1 preferably comprises expansion-cooling whereby a temperature drop is obtained by expanding, for instance by passing the feed stream through a throttle valve or expander. Expansion-cooling can take place in a single or a plurality of JT valves or expanders.
  • Cooling according to e2) can take place in one or a plurality of (parallel/serial) heat exchangers.
  • Expanding comprises reducing the pressure from the second pressure to a lower pressure, typically to the first pressure or to a pressure above the first pressure leaving sufficient overpressure to transport the processed stream to one of the LNG storage tanks. So, the processed feed stream of LNG typically has a pressure (substantially) equal to the first pressure.
  • the pressurized LNG meets the specifications of (atmospheric) LNG in terms of composition.
  • a regasification terminal for regasifying LNG comprising
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment
  • Fig.'s 2 and 3 schematically show alternative embodiments.
  • the regasification terminal for regasifying LNG comprises
  • the cold energy that is released during regasification at the regasification terminal is not wasted, but at least partially used to cool the pressurized LNG into atmospheric LNG which can be stored in the LNG storage tanks present at the atmospheric regasification terminal.
  • pressurized LNG (or ccLNG) is used to refer to liquid natural gas which is kept at elevated pressures, meaning a pressure greater than 2 bar, preferably greater than 10 bar and more preferably greater than 12 bar.
  • pressurized LNG can be at a pressure in the range of 15 - 17 bar.
  • the temperature of the pressurized LNG is at the boiling temperature for the given pressure, which depends on the composition of the natural gas.
  • atmospheric LNG is used to refer to liquid natural gas which is kept close to, preferably slightly above, atmospheric or ambient pressure.
  • the first pressure is typically in the range of 0.9 - 1.3 bar or 1.0 - 1.3 bar.
  • the first pressure in the storage tanks 1 may be in the range of 50 - 200 mbarg or 100 - 200 mbarg.
  • bar is used in this text is used to refer to absolute pressure, where the term barg is used to refer to bar gauge (zero-referenced against the atmospheric pressure).
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG is transformed to atmospheric LNG and subsequently stored in an LNG storage tank.
  • the LNG storage tank can be a storage tank that is suitable for storing atmospheric LNG and does not need to be designed to withstand higher pressures.
  • the regasification terminal is thus able to receive and process pressurized LNG without the need of pressurized LNG storage tanks.
  • a regas-stream of LNG is taken from the LNG storage tank and passed to a regasifier unit to produce natural gas at a pressure suitable to feed the regasified natural gas to the gas grid.
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG is transformed to atmospheric LNG in an energy efficient manner by allowing the feed stream of pressurized LNG to exchange heat with the regas-stream in a heat exchanger and expanding the feed stream of pressurized LNG to atmospheric pressure, thereby achieving a cooling effect.
  • the regas-stream of LNG from the LNG storage tank may be regasified in any suitable regasifier unit, for instance as described in any of the following patent documents: WO2008012286 , WO2013186271 , WO2013186277 and WO2013186275 .
  • the regas-stream of LNG from the storage tank, or a side-stream thereof may be re-directed through a heatexchanger in which it is warmed against the feed stream of pressurized LNG, thereby obtaining a warmed re-gas stream, which is passed to the regasifier unit.
  • the warmed re-gas stream may be fed to the regasifier unit at an intermediate point, as less heat is needed to regasify the warmed stream.
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG is fed to the heat exchanger to be cooled against the (side-stream of the) regas stream and expanded to atmospheric pressure to obtain the processed feed stream comprising LNG.
  • the processed feed stream may be passed directly to the (atmospheric) LNG storage tank or may be passed to a gas-liquid separator to obtain a liquid stream which is passed to the LNG storage tank and a gaseous stream which is passed to the LNG storage tank via a re-liquefying unit.
  • Expansion can take place upstream or downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the proposed method and regas terminal have the advantage that there is no need for additional safety measures or reinforced hardware to process and store pressurized LNG, other than the piping up to the point where the pressure of the pressurized LNG is reduced to the first pressure.
  • Re-gas terminals can now receive pressurized LNG in an efficient and safe way, while at the same time being suitable to receive atmospheric LNG.
  • Existing re-gas terminals having atmospheric LNG storage tanks can be integrated with the pressurized LNG value chain with minimal additional equipment and change of plant design.
  • Existing re-gas terminals suitable for processing atmospheric LNG can be modified with minimal hardware investments to also be suitable to receive pressurized LNG.
  • the first pressure is in the range of 0.9 - 1.2 bar, such as ambient or atmospheric pressure and the second pressure is above 2 bar, preferably above 5 bar, and more preferably above 12 bar.
  • the second pressure may for instance be in the range of 15 - 17 bar.
  • the re-gas stream has a temperature equal to the boiling point of the LNG at the first pressure.
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG has a temperature equal to the boiling point of the pressurized LNG at the second pressure.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a regasification terminal.
  • the regasification terminal comprises a storage tank 1 at a first comprising LNG.
  • a re-gas stream 10 is obtained by using a suitable pump 2.
  • the re-gas stream 10 will therefore have a pressure above the first pressure.
  • the LNG storage tank 1 is in fluid connection with a regasifier unit 20 via a re-gas stream conduit.
  • the regasifier unit 20 is arranged to receive the re-gas stream and generate and discharge a regasified natural gas stream 30 and pass the regasified natural gas stream to the gas grid, schematically indicated with reference 31.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a compressor 12 having an inlet arranged to receive the re-gas stream 10 and an outlet to discharge the pressurized re-gas stream 13.
  • the outlet 13 of the compressor 12 is in fluid communication with an inlet of one (or more) re-gasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the regasifier heat exchanger comprises a first flow path between the inlet of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 and an outlet of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 and a second flow path between an ambient inlet and an ambient outlet, such that the first and second flow paths can exchange heat.
  • the ambient stream may be a stream comprising ambient air or a stream comprising water, such as sea water.
  • B1) is preferably performed before b2), as warming against an ambient stream can be done more effectively at a higher pressure.
  • the third pressure is preferably equal to a required output pressure of the regasified natural gas stream 30, such as a gas grid pressure, typically above 60 bar, e.g. 80 bar.
  • the outlet of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 is in fluid communication with the gas grid 31.
  • Fig. 1 further shows a carrier vessel 60 comprising one or more pressurized LNG storage tanks 61 arranged to comprise pressurized LNG.
  • the carrier vessel 60 is not part of the regasification terminal.
  • the regasification terminal comprises a processing unit 5 comprising a pressurized LNG inlet 6 for receiving a feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG at a second pressure, the second pressure being greater than the first pressure, i.e. the pressure in the storage tank 1.
  • the regasification terminal is arranged to receive the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG at a second pressure from the carrier vessel 60.
  • the processing unit (5) comprises an expansion device (41) and a heat exchanging unit (50) for processing the feed stream (40) into a processed stream (43).
  • the expansion device 41 such as an expander (shown) or throttle valve (not shown) is arranged to receive the feed stream of pressurized LNG via a pressurized feed conduit 40.
  • the expander 41 has an inlet arranged to receive the feed stream of pressurized LNG at the second pressure and an outlet is arranged to discharge an expanded feed stream 42 and is in fluid communication with an inlet of the heat exchanging unit 50.
  • the heat exchanging unit 50 may comprise one or more (serial/parallel) heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchanging unit 50 comprises an outlet for discharging a processed feed stream 43, which has a lower pressure than the second pressure and has a lower temperature than the temperature of the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG.
  • the outlet of the heat exchanging unit 50 is in fluid communication with the LNG storage tanks 1.
  • a cooling stream 11 is obtained comprising at least a portion of the re-gas stream 10.
  • the cooling stream 11 obtained preferably comprises at least a portion of the pressurized re-gas stream 13 as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the cooling stream 11 and the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG or expanded feed stream 42 are allowed to exchange heat in the heat exchanging unit 50.
  • the cooling stream 11 will typically have a lower temperature than the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG or expanded feed stream 42, the cooling stream 11 will be warmed and the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG or expanded feed stream 42 will be cooled.
  • e2) comprises obtaining a warmed cooling stream 14 and passing the warmed cooling stream 14 to the regasifier unit 20.
  • the warmed cooling stream 14 is obtained at the outlet of the heat exchanging unit 50.
  • the warming duty of the regasifier unit can be reduced while maintaining a similar output rate or the output rate of the regasifier unit can be increased with a similar warming duty.
  • the warmed cooling stream 14 is introduced in the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 at an intermediate position.
  • the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 comprises an inlet for the pressurized re-gas stream 13' and an outlet for the regasified natural gas stream 30 and an intermediate inlet 23 for receiving the warmed cooling stream 14.
  • the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 comprises two or more re-gasifier sub-heat exchangers placed in series, wherein the intermediate inlet 23 is positioned in between two adjacent sub heat exchangers.
  • the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 comprises an inlet 23' for the (pressurized) re-gas stream 10/13 and the warmed cooling stream 14 is passed to the inlet of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the warming duty of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 may be lowered or the throughput may be increased, or a combination of both.
  • the cooling stream 11 is generated by splitting the re-gas stream 10 in a side-stream of the re-gas stream 13'', in particular a side-stream of the pressurized re-gas stream (13) as obtained in b2), and a remainder of the re-gas stream 13', in particular a remainder of the pressurized re-gas stream 13.
  • the side-stream 13'' may be obtained by splitting off a portion of the (pressurized) re-gas stream 13.
  • the portion or flow rate of the side-stream 13'' may, among other factors, depend on the flow rate of the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG, the temperature and pressure of the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG, the efficiency of the cooling of the feed stream 40 against the cooling stream 11 etc.
  • the side-stream may be at least at 10% of the re-gas stream 10, at least 250 of the re-gas stream, at least 50% or at least 750 of the regas stream. According to an embodiment, the side-stream is more than 950 of the re-gas stream or even 100% of the re-gas stream.
  • the method may comprise controlling the flow rate of the side-stream 13" in response to one or more of these factors.
  • the side-stream is preferably obtained from in between b1) and b2). In case only a portion of the pressurized re-gas stream 10 is split off, a remainder of the pressurized re-gas stream 13' is passed to the regasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the method comprises g) re-combining the warmed cooling stream 14 with the remainder of the re-gas stream 13', in particular the remainder of the pressurized re-gas stream 13.
  • g) takes place at an intermediate position in a regasifier heat exchanger 21 in the regasifier unit 20.
  • the warmed re-gas stream can therefore be introduced in the regasifier unit at an intermediate position, for instance halfway a heat exchanger in which it is warmed against an ambient stream.
  • g takes place at an upstream position of a regasifier heat exchanger 21 in the regasifier unit 20.
  • the upstream position includes the inlet of the regasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the regasifier unit can be operated at a lower capacity while maintaining the same output rate.
  • the processed feed stream 43 may be directly passed to the at least one of the LNG storage tanks 1 as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the term directly is used here to indicate that no further substantial processing steps are performed in between. This may be preferred when the processed feed stream comprises no gaseous fraction or a gaseous fraction below a predetermined threshold fraction.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment wherein f) comprises
  • This embodiment may be advantageous when the processed feed stream 43 has a relatively low liquid fraction.
  • the gas-liquid separator or gas-vapour separator 47 may be any suitable separator, such as a knock-out vessel or the like.
  • C)-f) can be executed when a supply of pressurized LNG at a second pressure is available and interrupted when no supply of pressurized LNG at a second pressure is available.
  • the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG at a second pressure may be received from a carrier vessel 60.
  • C) - f) are only executed when a loaded carrier vessel is present and connected to the regasification terminal.
  • the carrier vessel is not connected, does not comprise any pressurized LNG at the second pressure or no carrier vessel is present, c) - f) are interrupted and the regasification terminal is operated by executing a) - b) only.
  • c) - f) are optional.
  • a) comprises controlling a flow rate of the re-gas stream 10 by
  • the amount of LNG being regasified can be increased, as part of the warming duty is obtained from the pressurized LNG.
  • According to an embodiment b) comprises controlling a warming duty of the regasifier unit by
  • the warming duty can for instance be controlled by controlling a flow rate of the ambient stream 22 in the regasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the regasifier unit When a feed stream of pressurized LNG at a second pressure is being received, the regasifier unit can be operated more efficiently and the warming duty can be lowered, as part of the warming duty is obtained from the pressurized LNG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé d'exploitation d'un terminal de regazéification, le procédé comprenant :
    a) l'obtention d'un flux de regazéification (10) de GNL à partir d'un ou plusieurs réservoirs de stockage de GNL (1), le ou les réservoirs de stockage (1) étant à une première pression, dans lequel la première pression étant comprise entre 0,9 et 1,2 bar,
    b) le passage du flux de regazéification (10) à travers une unité de regazéifieur (20) pour obtenir un flux de gaz naturel regazéifié (30),
    dans lequel le procédé comprend en outre
    c) la réception d'un flux d'alimentation (40) de GNL pressurisé à une deuxième pression, la deuxième pression étant supérieure à la première pression, la deuxième pression étant supérieure à 2 bar,
    d) la génération d'un flux de refroidissement (11) comprenant au moins une partie du flux de regazéification (10),
    e) la transformation du flux d'alimentation (40) de GNL pressurisé à la deuxième pression en un flux d'alimentation transformé (43) comprenant du GNL par
    e1) expansion du flux d'alimentation (40), et
    e2) refroidissement du flux d'alimentation (40) contre le flux de refroidissement (11),
    f) le passage du flux d'alimentation transformé (43) vers au moins l'un parmi les réservoirs de stockage de GNL (1),
    dans lequel le flux de refroidissement (11) est généré par la division du flux de regazéification (10) en un flux secondaire du flux de regazéification (13'') et un reste du flux de regazéification (13').
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première pression est comprise entre 50 et 200 mbarg et la deuxième pression est de préférence supérieure à 5 bar, et plus préférablement supérieure à 12 bar.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel b) comprend :
    b1) la préssurisation du flux de regazéification (10) vers une troisième pression pour obtenir un flux de regazéification (13),
    b2) le réchauffement d'au moins une partie du flux de regazéification pressurisé (13) contre un flux ambiant (22) dans un échangeur de chaleur de regazéifieur (21).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel e2) comprend l'obtention d'un flux de refroidissement réchauffé (14) lorsque le flux de refroidissement (11) est réchauffé lors du refroidissement du flux d'alimentation (40) et le passage du flux de refroidissement réchauffé (14) vers l'unité de regazéifieur (20).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le flux de refroidissement réchauffé (14) est introduit dans l'échangeur de chaleur de regazéifieur (21) à une position intermédiaire.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le flux secondaire du flux de regazéification (13'') est un flux secondaire du flux de regazéification pressurisé (13) tel qu'obtenu en b2), et le reste du flux de regazéification (13') est un reste du flux de regazéification pressurisé (13).
  7. Procédé selon les revendications 5 et 6, dans lequel le procédé comprend
    g) la recombinaison du flux de refroidissement réchauffé (14) avec le reste du flux de regazéification (13'), en particulier le reste du flux de regazéification pressurisé (13).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel g) a lieu à une position intermédiaire dans un échangeur de chaleur de regazéifieur (21) dans l'unité de regazéifieur (20).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel g) a lieu à une position en amont d'un échangeur de chaleur de regazéifieur (21) dans l'unité de regazéifieur (20).
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel f) comprend
    f1) la séparation du flux d'alimentation transformé en un flux liquide (45) et un flux gazeux (46) en un séparateur gaz-liquide (44),
    f2) le passage du flux liquide (45) vers au moins l'un parmi les réservoirs de stockage de GNL (1), et
    f3) la reliquéfaction du flux gazeux (46) dans une unité de reliquéfaction (70) pour obtenir un flux reliquéfié (47) et le passage du flux reliquéfié (47) vers au moins l'un parmi les réservoirs de stockage de GNL (1).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le procédé comprend
    - l'exécution de c) à f) lorsqu'un flux d'alimentation (40) de GNL pressurisé est disponible et
    - l'interruption de c) à f) lorsqu'aucun flux d'alimentation (40) de GNL pressurisé n'est disponible.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel a) comprend la commande d'un débit du flux de regazéification (10) par
    - réglage du débit du flux de regazéification (10) à un premier niveau de débit lorsque c) à f) sont exécutés et
    - réglage du débit du flux de regazéification (10) à un second niveau de débit lorsque c) à f) sont interrompus, le premier niveau de débit étant supérieur au second niveau de débit.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel b) comprend la commande d'une fonction de réchauffement de l'unité de regazéification par
    - réglage de la fonction de réchauffement de l'unité de regazéifieur à un premier niveau lorsque c) à f) sont exécutés et
    - réglage de la fonction de réchauffement de l'unité de regazéifieur à un second niveau lorsque c) à f) sont interrompus, le second niveau étant inférieur au premier niveau.
  14. Terminal de regazéification permettant de regazéifier du GNL, comprenant
    - un ou plusieurs réservoirs de stockage de GNL (1), le ou les réservoirs de stockage (1) étant à une première pression, la première pression étant comprise entre 0,9 et 1,2 bar,
    - une unité de regazéifieur (20) comprenant une entrée qui est en communication fluidique avec le ou les réservoirs de stockage de GNL pour recevoir un flux de regazéification (10) de GNL et une sortie permettant d'évacuer un flux de gaz naturel regazéifié (30),
    - une unité de transformation (5) comprenant une entrée de GNL pressurisé (6) permettant de recevoir un flux d'alimentation (40) de GNL pressurisé à une deuxième pression, la deuxième pression étant supérieure à la première pression, la deuxième pression étant supérieure à 2 bar, l'unité de transformation (5) comprenant un dispositif de détente (41) et une unité d'échange de chaleur (50) permettant de transformer le flux d'alimentation (40) en un flux transformé (43), dans lequel l'unité de transformation (5) comprend une sortie (7) qui est en communication fluidique avec un ou plusieurs réservoirs de stockage de GNL (1), dans lequel l'unité d'échange de chaleur (50) comprend une entrée permettant de recevoir un flux de refroidissement (11) afin de refroidir le flux d'alimentation (40), le refroidissement comprenant au moins une partie du flux de regazéification (10),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le terminal de regazéification est agencé pour générer le flux de refroidissement (11) en divisant le flux de regazéification (10) en un flux secondaire du flux de regazéification (13'') et un reste du flux de regazéification (13').
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KR101386543B1 (ko) * 2012-10-24 2014-04-18 대우조선해양 주식회사 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템
KR101444121B1 (ko) * 2012-11-14 2014-09-26 삼성중공업 주식회사 가스의 팽창에너지를 이용한 증발가스 처리시스템

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CN107810361A (zh) 2018-03-16
JP6827964B2 (ja) 2021-02-10
JP2018520318A (ja) 2018-07-26
KR20180021787A (ko) 2018-03-05
MA42241A (fr) 2018-05-02
SG10201911907RA (en) 2020-01-30
KR102541670B1 (ko) 2023-06-08
PH12017502400A1 (en) 2018-07-02
WO2017001313A1 (fr) 2017-01-05
EP3314159A1 (fr) 2018-05-02

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