EP3309422A1 - Cooled flywheel - Google Patents
Cooled flywheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3309422A1 EP3309422A1 EP17190984.9A EP17190984A EP3309422A1 EP 3309422 A1 EP3309422 A1 EP 3309422A1 EP 17190984 A EP17190984 A EP 17190984A EP 3309422 A1 EP3309422 A1 EP 3309422A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flywheel
- channels
- heat
- ring
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D13/00—Friction clutches
- F16D13/58—Details
- F16D13/72—Features relating to cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of motor vehicle powertrains. Even more particularly, the invention relates to the cooling of dry clutches, in particular the cooling of a flywheel coupled to this clutch.
- a clutch is a mechanical system providing a coupling between a heat engine and a gearbox (mechanical or driven). It comprises for this purpose a flywheel, at least one friction disk (or clutch), and a pressure mechanism (comprising at least a pressure plate and a clutch bell or cover, and a possible diaphragm) .
- the flywheel (which can be single or double) is intended to be secured to a shaft of the engine, for example its crankshaft.
- the friction disk is intended to be secured to a primary shaft of the gearbox.
- the pressure plate (of the pressure mechanism) is responsible for pressing the friction disk against the flywheel when it is pushed by a member such as a diaphragm under the action of a stop, itself actuated by a clutch control.
- the cover (of the pressure mechanism) makes it possible to firmly secure the latter to the flywheel.
- the pressure mechanism comprises in its lid and / or in its possible diaphragm first openings for the entry of air and peripheral openings for the output of this air in the vicinity of the flywheel / cover junction.
- the torque that is produced by the heat engine is first transmitted to the flywheel via the crankshaft (through its rotational movement), then to the friction disc and finally to the primary shaft of the gearbox.
- the temperature increase of the clutch parts that are involved in the friction may exceed one high threshold beyond which there is a degradation of the torque transmission, or even a deterioration of some parts, requiring to provide their cooling.
- the patent FR-B-2 974 868 discloses a thermal protection strategy integrated in software either in the computer supervising the engine (and generally called “Multifunction Motor Control” (or CMM)) when the gearbox is manual type or in the actuator box when the latter is controlled. It takes into account the temperature measurement of the pressure plate, which is estimated continuously throughout the life of the vehicle. When certain temperature thresholds are reached, protections are put in place, for example by activating the motor-fan unit and / or modifying the depression mapping of the accelerator pedal, in an attempt to reduce the temperature of the plateau of pressure.
- CMM Multifunction Motor Control
- the patent FR-B-2,806,766 discloses a flywheel having a generally annular friction surface, wherein the flywheel, at least radially inside the friction lining, is equipped with vanes so as to produce, during its rotation, a flow of air which flows along its opposite side to the friction lining.
- the invention aims to provide a flywheel overcoming the problem of the state of the art mentioned above, ensuring proper operation in various conditions, including winter.
- the invention proposes an inertia flywheel of a heat engine of a vehicle, this flywheel comprising a ring of inertia comprising a cooling means.
- This flywheel is such that the cooling means comprises air centrifugal cooling channels passing through the ring, the channels comprising an air passage section and heat-sensitive means of variation of this section, the heat-sensitive means closing these sections. when a temperature of the heat-sensitive means is below a low temperature threshold.
- the heat-sensitive means of the cooling channels make it possible to act on the cooling air passage section, thereby regulating a cooling air flow rate, and thus cooling.
- the passage section is closed below the low temperature threshold, it avoids cooling the steering wheel and makes it possible to adapt to driving situations in cold climatic conditions. In particular, when the steering wheel turns during cold weather conditions and as long as the temperature is below the low temperature threshold, the cooling is stopped.
- the channels passing through the ring when their passage section is open or partially open (and therefore when the temperature is above the low temperature threshold), they allow to cool the steering wheel in the heart of its material, increasing and the efficiency of cooling, and thus enhance the ring by adding a cooling function in addition to its inertia function, support of a starter ring or interface with a clutch bell.
- the temperature is the temperature at the level of the heat-sensitive means, that is to say the temperature of the ring by thermal conduction on the thermosensitive medium, or the temperature of the air passing through the channels by convection on the medium. thermosensitive, or a distribution between conduction and convection.
- this invention applies both to a single flywheel (a single steering wheel) to a double damping flywheel (two flywheels elastically connected).
- the low temperature threshold is between 50 ° C and 250 ° C.
- the heat-sensitive means comprise a thermo-deformable material forming a valve.
- this embodiment is very simple and easy to integrate into the channels.
- the deformation of the valve caused by the heat will gradually open it as soon as the increasing temperature exceeds the low threshold.
- thermo-deformable material is a metal alloy with shape memory.
- the channels are oriented radially to the ring.
- the radial orientation of the channels allows a good centrifugation of the air contained in the channels when the wheel rotates, and allows the cooling of the steering wheel when the passage section of the channels is free again.
- the inertia ring has a generally annular friction surface, and the channels are housed in an extra thickness of the ring, this extra thickness forming a peripheral extension of the friction surface.
- the friction surface between the ring and the lining of a clutch disk is the hottest surface of the flywheel, and it is advantageous for the cooling channels to be close to this surface. warmer to have an effective cooling (large temperature difference between this zone and the air passing through the channels), and also to have a good sensitivity and a good reactivity of the thermosensitive medium, since the temperature of the friction surface is one of the parameters that condition the adhesion of the clutch disc lining to the friction surface.
- the peripheral extension of the friction surface makes it possible to position the channels and the heat-sensitive means near this hottest surface of the flywheel.
- the extra thickness makes it possible to have channels opening at each of their ends (upstream and downstream) while being rectilinear.
- the extra thickness allows a good air circulation inside the channels because it allows to position the channels in a plane shifted from that of the friction surface of the steering wheel, but also offset from the planes of the friction surfaces d a clutch disk associated with the steering wheel.
- the clutch disc is no longer an obstacle to the passage of air in the channels.
- peripheral extension of the friction surface makes it possible to house the channels in a portion of the steering wheel where its peripheral speed is greatest, which, for the centrifugation of the air, is an optimal condition of efficiency.
- this extra thickness forming a peripheral extension of the friction surface comprises a large outer diameter, and a small inside diameter, and the heat-sensitive means housed in the channels are positioned on this small inside diameter.
- thermosensitive means are thus positioned closer to the friction surface, that is to say where the temperature of the extra thickness is greatest. This increases the sensitivity and response time of the thermosensitive medium.
- the heat-sensitive means are inserted into force in the channels.
- the heat-sensitive means are overmolded in the channels.
- the flywheel comprises a connecting hub integral with the inertia ring, and is such that the hub comprises complementary cooling channels by air centrifugation therethrough.
- the complementary channels comprise a thermosensitive complementary means of variation of their passage section.
- the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a powertrain with a clutch and a flywheel, the flywheel being as briefly described above.
- This low temperature threshold causing the closure of the air passage sections when the temperature of the heat-sensitive means 4 is below this threshold is between 50 ° C and 250 ° C.
- the heat-sensitive means 4 are designed to close or reduce the passage section when the temperature of the flywheel and / or air passing through the channels 3 drops below this threshold, so as to avoid temperatures. Low flywheel 1 in winter conditions.
- the flywheel 1 may comprise two masses linked together by springs.
- One of the masses is integral with a crankshaft and the other mass is integral with a transmission, the two being connected by cleats, a ball bearing and springs.
- This is a damping device absorbing excessive variations in kinetic energy, thus reducing the torsional stress of the transmission.
- These springs are housed in cavities lined with grease. In conditions of very low temperature, especially below 0 ° C, this grease freezes and can impede the proper operation of the flywheel. It is therefore useful to allow the clutch to quickly reach a temperature range adequate to the proper operation of the flywheel, such as greater than 0 ° C, preferably greater than 40 ° C.
- the rotation of the flywheel 1 has the effect of generating a forced circulation by centrifugation of the air through the channels 3 favorable to a heat exchange.
- the air thus heats up by convection along the channels to be ejected by centrifugation at the periphery of the flywheel 1, the heat-sensitive means regulating the flow of air as a function of the temperature of the flywheel and / or air.
- the heat-sensitive means 4 comprise a thermo-deformable material forming a valve.
- the thermo-deformable material is, for example, a shape-memory metal alloy, commonly designated by the acronym AMF, which makes it possible to alternate between two forms previously stored when its temperature varies around a critical temperature, namely the temperature threshold. low.
- AMF shape-memory metal alloy
- alloys with these properties such as Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Al-Zn or Ni-Mn-Ga alloys which are alloys for use in this invention.
- the channels 3 are oriented radially to the ring 2, so as to ensure the centrifugation of the air contained in these channels 3.
- a channel may form an inclination angle of 0 to 30 degrees relative to the radius of the ring 2 crossing it. Here there are 10, but can be between 2 and 30. Increasing their number increases the cooling potential of the cooling means.
- the figure 1 further shows a starter ring 100 integral with the ring 2, which can be fixedly attached to the ring 2, a hub 7 integral with the ring 2 and allowing an interface with a crankshaft of the heat engine, fixing holes 102 traversing the hub 7 axially and allowing the passage of fastening screws which perform the assembly of the hub 7 on the crankshaft.
- the screws or studs 101 which serve as fixing for the assembly of a clutch bell on the ring 2.
- the ring of inertia comprises the generally annular friction surface 5, and the channels 3 are housed in an excess thickness 6 of the ring 2, this extra thickness 6 forming a peripheral extension of the friction surface 5. This friction surface is is then delimited at its periphery by the extra thickness 6, and in its center by the hub 7.
- thermosensitive means 4 are housed in the upstream end of the channels 3. It is indeed advantageous for the thermosensitive means 4 to be close to the friction surface 5, this surface being a hottest area of the flywheel 1, for effective cooling (large temperature difference between this area and the air flowing through the channels), and also to have a good sensitivity and a good reactivity of the thermosensitive means, since a temperature of the friction surface 5 is one of the parameters which condition the adhesion of the lining of a clutch disk to the friction surface 5.
- the figure 2 shows a channel 3 in the excess thickness 6 which is partially closed by the thermosensitive means 4 which here has a form of valve.
- This valve is a shutter controlled by the shape memory alloy, which under the action of the elevation of the temperature of the flywheel 1 and / or air, will open the shutter.
- the shutter can be the shape memory alloy itself.
- the thermosensitive means 4 is forcefully inserted into the channel 3, being blocked by a tight fit between the thermosensitive means 4 and the passage section.
- the thermosensitive means 4 is overmolded in the channel 3, during a casting of the ring 3.
- the figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of the flywheel 1 according to one embodiment.
- the hub 7, the ring 2 and the excess thickness 6 are made in one piece, for example by casting.
- the starter ring 100 is attached to the flywheel 1.
- a channel 3 in section and the thermally sensitive valve 4 which is a flap with an inclination angle ALPHA with respect to the axis of the channel 3. This ALPHA angle will evolve with the temperature of the flywheel and / or air, to open or close depending on whether one is respectively above the low temperature threshold or below.
- This figure shows the clutch disc 103 in position on the friction surface 5, this clutch disc 103 being covered with friction material on its two faces in contact, respectively, with the friction surface 5 of the flywheel 1 and another friction surface on the pressure plate 107, the pressure plate 107, a pressure mechanism 105, and the clutch bell 104 attached to the ring 2 by the studs 101.
- the pressure plate is controlled by a lever type control mechanism with a clutch abutment and a diaphragm (not shown), the lever being supported on a clutch housing (not shown).
- the clutch housing essentially comprises a wall forming an enclosure housing the flywheel 1, the clutch housing 104, the clutch disk 103, the pressure plate 107.
- the flywheel 1 and the pressure plate 107 are integral in rotation with the crankshaft, and are thus indexed in rotation relative to each other .
- the clutch disk 100 is integral in rotation with a primary shaft of a gearbox fixed to the clutch housing.
- the excess thickness 6 judiciously makes it possible to unclamp the upstream section of the channel 3 from the thickness of the lining of the friction disk 100. In this way, the air contained in the enclosure of the clutch housing can freely pass through the section. upstream of canal 3.
- an indentation is made vis-à-vis the upstream section of the channel 3 in the pressure plate 107.
- the pressure plate 107 is always at the same angular position relative to the flywheel. inertia 1 because they are integral in rotation to one another (via the clutch bell). This notch 107 will therefore always be vis-à-vis the upstream section of the channel 3, which would not have been possible if this notch was made in the thickness of the lining of the clutch disc 103.
- the figure 4 is an inertia flywheel according to one embodiment.
- the flywheel 1 comprises the connecting hub 7 integral with the inertia ring 2, and the hub 7 comprises complementary channels 8 cooling air centrifugation therethrough.
- These complementary channels 8 are provided with a thermosensitive complementary means of variation of their passage section, the technical definition of which is identical to that of the thermosensitive means 4.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
Abstract
Ce volant à inertie (1) d'un moteur thermique d'un véhicule comporte un anneau d'inertie (2) comprenant un moyen de refroidissement. Ce moyen de refroidissement comprend des canaux de refroidissement (3) par centrifugation d'air traversant l'anneau (2), les canaux (3) comprenant une section de passage d'air et des moyens thermosensibles (4) de variation de cette section, les moyens thermosensibles (4) fermant ces sections lorsqu'une température des moyens thermosensibles (4) est en dessous d'un seuil de température bas.This flywheel (1) of a thermal engine of a vehicle comprises a ring of inertia (2) comprising a cooling means. This cooling means comprises cooling ducts (3) by centrifugation of air passing through the ring (2), the channels (3) comprising an air passage section and heat-sensitive means (4) of variation of this section. , the heat-sensitive means (4) closing these sections when a temperature of the heat-sensitive means (4) is below a low temperature threshold.
Description
L'invention a trait au domaine des groupes motopropulseurs de véhicules automobiles. Plus particulièrement encore, l'invention concerne le refroidissement d'embrayages secs, notamment le refroidissement d'un volant moteur couplé à cet embrayage.The invention relates to the field of motor vehicle powertrains. Even more particularly, the invention relates to the cooling of dry clutches, in particular the cooling of a flywheel coupled to this clutch.
Un embrayage est un système mécanique assurant un couplage entre un moteur thermique et une boîte de vitesses (mécanique ou pilotée). Il comprend à cet effet un volant moteur, au moins un disque de friction (ou d'embrayage), et un mécanisme de pression (comportant au moins un plateau presseur et une cloche d'embrayage ou couvercle, ainsi qu'un éventuel diaphragme). Le volant moteur (qui peut être simple ou double) est destiné à être solidarisé à un arbre du moteur thermique, par exemple son vilebrequin. Le disque de friction est destiné à être solidarisé à un arbre primaire de la boîte de vitesses. Le plateau de pression (du mécanisme de pression) est chargé de plaquer le disque de friction contre le volant moteur lorsqu'il est poussé par un organe tel qu'un diaphragme sous l'action d'une butée, elle-même actionnée par une commande d'embrayage. Le couvercle (du mécanisme de pression) permet de solidariser fixement ce dernier au volant moteur. Le mécanisme de pression comprend dans son couvercle et/ou dans son éventuel diaphragme des premières ouvertures pour l'entrée d'air et des ouvertures périphériques pour la sortie de cet air au voisinage de la jonction volant moteur / couvercle.A clutch is a mechanical system providing a coupling between a heat engine and a gearbox (mechanical or driven). It comprises for this purpose a flywheel, at least one friction disk (or clutch), and a pressure mechanism (comprising at least a pressure plate and a clutch bell or cover, and a possible diaphragm) . The flywheel (which can be single or double) is intended to be secured to a shaft of the engine, for example its crankshaft. The friction disk is intended to be secured to a primary shaft of the gearbox. The pressure plate (of the pressure mechanism) is responsible for pressing the friction disk against the flywheel when it is pushed by a member such as a diaphragm under the action of a stop, itself actuated by a clutch control. The cover (of the pressure mechanism) makes it possible to firmly secure the latter to the flywheel. The pressure mechanism comprises in its lid and / or in its possible diaphragm first openings for the entry of air and peripheral openings for the output of this air in the vicinity of the flywheel / cover junction.
Le couple qui est produit par le moteur thermique est tout d'abord transmis au volant moteur via le vilebrequin (grâce à son mouvement de rotation), puis au disque de friction et enfin à l'arbre primaire de la boîte de vitesses.The torque that is produced by the heat engine is first transmitted to the flywheel via the crankshaft (through its rotational movement), then to the friction disc and finally to the primary shaft of the gearbox.
Comme le sait l'homme de l'art, dans certaines situations de vie, l'augmentation de la température des pièces de l'embrayage qui sont impliquées dans la friction (mécanisme de pression, volant moteur et disque de friction) peut dépasser un seuil haut au-delà duquel on observe une dégradation de la transmission du couple, voire une détérioration de certaines pièces, nécessitant de prévoir leur refroidissement.As known to those skilled in the art, in certain life situations, the temperature increase of the clutch parts that are involved in the friction (pressure mechanism, flywheel and friction disc) may exceed one high threshold beyond which there is a degradation of the torque transmission, or even a deterioration of some parts, requiring to provide their cooling.
Or ces pièces sont peu accessibles, et confinées entre le moteur et la boîte de vitesses, rendant leur refroidissement peu aisé car la circulation d'air y est limitée.However, these parts are not very accessible, and confined between the engine and the gearbox, making their cooling easy because the air flow is limited.
Cette difficulté s'avère d'autant plus problématique lorsque l'on souhaite obtenir un allongement des rapports de la boîte de vitesses, notamment dans le but de réduire la consommation d'énergie (et donc la production de CO2). En effet, l'allongement de ces rapports conduit à une plus grande sollicitation de l'embrayage, ce qui impose un renforcement de ses pièces et une adaptation des formes de ces dernières qu'il est de plus en plus difficile d'obtenir.This difficulty proves even more problematic when one wishes to obtain an extension of the ratios of the gearbox, in particular with the aim of reducing the consumption of energy (and thus the production of CO 2 ). Indeed, the lengthening of these ratios leads to greater stress on the clutch, which requires strengthening of its parts and an adaptation of the forms of the latter that it is increasingly difficult to obtain.
A l'inverse, lorsque la température des pièces de l'embrayage qui sont impliquées dans la friction (mécanisme de pression, volant moteur et disque de friction) est en dessous d'un seuil bas (par exemple, en situation de roulage dans des conditions climatiques froides ou après un arrêt prolongé), on observe une limitation de la transmission du couple par un phénomène de patinage à froid du disque de friction.Conversely, when the temperature of the clutch parts that are involved in the friction (pressure mechanism, flywheel and friction disk) is below a low threshold (for example, when traveling in cold climatic conditions or after a prolonged stop), a limitation of the torque transmission is observed by a phenomenon of cold slip of the friction disk.
Le brevet
Cette solution permet de prolonger temporairement une utilisation abusive de l'embrayage et donc de réduire légèrement la température de l'air à l'intérieur du carter, mais limite les performances du véhicule et améliore peu le refroidissement des pièces de l'embrayage qui sont impliquées dans la friction, car le groupe moto-ventilateur reste un moyen de refroidissement externe à l'embrayage.This solution temporarily prolongs misuse of the clutch and thus slightly reduce the temperature of the air inside the housing, but limits the performance of the vehicle and little improves the cooling of the clutch parts that are involved in the friction, because the motor-fan unit remains a means of external cooling to the clutch.
Le brevet
Cette solution permet un refroidissement efficace du volant moteur, mais elle ne permet pas de s'adapter aux situations de roulage dans des conditions climatiques froides, ce refroidissement étant lié en permanence à la rotation du volant moteur.This solution allows effective cooling of the flywheel, but it does not adapt to driving situations in cold weather conditions, this cooling being permanently linked to the rotation of the flywheel.
Il y a donc un besoin pour avoir un refroidissement efficace quand la température des pièces de l'embrayage qui sont impliquées dans la friction dépasse le seuil haut, et qui satisfasse également aux conditions climatiques froides.There is therefore a need for effective cooling when the temperature of the clutch parts that are involved in the friction exceeds the high threshold, and which also satisfies the cold climatic conditions.
L'invention a pour objectif de proposer un volant moteur palliant au problème de l'état de la technique susmentionné, en assurant un bon fonctionnement dans des conditions variées, notamment hivernales.The invention aims to provide a flywheel overcoming the problem of the state of the art mentioned above, ensuring proper operation in various conditions, including winter.
Dans ce but, l'invention propose un volant à inertie d'un moteur thermique d'un véhicule, ce volant comprenant un anneau d'inertie comprenant un moyen de refroidissement. Ce volant est tel que le moyen de refroidissement comprend des canaux de refroidissement par centrifugation d'air traversant l'anneau, les canaux comprenant une section de passage d'air et des moyens thermosensibles de variation de cette section, les moyens thermosensibles fermant ces sections lorsqu'une température des moyens thermosensibles est en dessous d'un seuil de température bas.For this purpose, the invention proposes an inertia flywheel of a heat engine of a vehicle, this flywheel comprising a ring of inertia comprising a cooling means. This flywheel is such that the cooling means comprises air centrifugal cooling channels passing through the ring, the channels comprising an air passage section and heat-sensitive means of variation of this section, the heat-sensitive means closing these sections. when a temperature of the heat-sensitive means is below a low temperature threshold.
En effet, les moyens thermosensibles des canaux de refroidissement permettent d'agir sur la section de passage d'air de refroidissement, régulant ainsi un débit d'air de refroidissement, et donc le refroidissement. Lorsque la section de passage est fermée en dessous du seuil de température bas, cela évite de refroidir le volant et permet de s'adapter aux situations de roulage dans des conditions climatiques froides. En particulier, lorsque le volant tourne lors des conditions climatiques froides et tant que la température est en dessous du seuil de température bas, le refroidissement est arrêté.In fact, the heat-sensitive means of the cooling channels make it possible to act on the cooling air passage section, thereby regulating a cooling air flow rate, and thus cooling. When the passage section is closed below the low temperature threshold, it avoids cooling the steering wheel and makes it possible to adapt to driving situations in cold climatic conditions. In particular, when the steering wheel turns during cold weather conditions and as long as the temperature is below the low temperature threshold, the cooling is stopped.
En outre, les canaux traversant l'anneau, lorsque leur section de passage est ouverte ou partiellement ouverte (et donc lorsque la température est au-dessus du seuil de température bas), ils permettent de refroidir le volant au coeur de sa matière, augmentant ainsi l'efficacité du refroidissement, et valorisent ainsi l'anneau en lui rajoutant une fonction de refroidissement en plus de sa fonction d'inertie, de support d'une couronne d'un démarreur ou d'interface avec une cloche d'embrayage.In addition, the channels passing through the ring, when their passage section is open or partially open (and therefore when the temperature is above the low temperature threshold), they allow to cool the steering wheel in the heart of its material, increasing and the efficiency of cooling, and thus enhance the ring by adding a cooling function in addition to its inertia function, support of a starter ring or interface with a clutch bell.
On notera que la température est la température au niveau des moyens thermosensibles, c'est-à-dire la température de l'anneau par conduction thermique sur le moyen thermosensible, ou la température de l'air traversant les canaux par convection sur le moyen thermosensible, ou une répartition entre la conduction et la convection.It will be noted that the temperature is the temperature at the level of the heat-sensitive means, that is to say the temperature of the ring by thermal conduction on the thermosensitive medium, or the temperature of the air passing through the channels by convection on the medium. thermosensitive, or a distribution between conduction and convection.
On notera en outre, que cette invention s'applique aussi bien à un volant d'inertie simple (un seul volant) qu'à un double volant amortisseur (deux volants liés élastiquement).Note also that this invention applies both to a single flywheel (a single steering wheel) to a double damping flywheel (two flywheels elastically connected).
Avantageusement, le seuil de température bas est compris entre 50°C et 250°C.Advantageously, the low temperature threshold is between 50 ° C and 250 ° C.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens thermosensibles comprennent un matériau thermo-déformable formant un clapet.According to one embodiment, the heat-sensitive means comprise a thermo-deformable material forming a valve.
En effet, ce mode de réalisation est très simple et facile à intégrer dans les canaux. La déformation du clapet provoquée par la chaleur, va progressivement l'ouvrir dès que la température croissante dépasse le seuil bas.Indeed, this embodiment is very simple and easy to integrate into the channels. The deformation of the valve caused by the heat, will gradually open it as soon as the increasing temperature exceeds the low threshold.
Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, le matériau thermo-déformable est un alliage métallique à mémoire de forme.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the thermo-deformable material is a metal alloy with shape memory.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les canaux sont orientés radialement à l'anneau.According to one embodiment, the channels are oriented radially to the ring.
En effet, l'orientation radiale des canaux permet une bonne centrifugation de l'air contenu dans les canaux lorsque le volant tourne, et permet le refroidissement du volant lorsque la section de passage des canaux est de nouveau libre.Indeed, the radial orientation of the channels allows a good centrifugation of the air contained in the channels when the wheel rotates, and allows the cooling of the steering wheel when the passage section of the channels is free again.
Dans un mode de réalisation, l'anneau d'inertie comporte une surface de friction globalement annulaire, et les canaux sont logés dans une surépaisseur de l'anneau, cette surépaisseur formant un prolongement périphérique de la surface de friction.In one embodiment, the inertia ring has a generally annular friction surface, and the channels are housed in an extra thickness of the ring, this extra thickness forming a peripheral extension of the friction surface.
En effet, la surface de friction, entre l'anneau et la garniture d'un disque d'embrayage, est la surface la plus chaude du volant d'inertie, et il est avantageux que les canaux de refroidissement soient proches de cette surface la plus chaude pour avoir un refroidissement efficace (écart de température important entre cette zone et l'air traversant les canaux), et aussi pour avoir une bonne sensibilité et une bonne réactivité du moyen thermosensible, étant donné que la température de la surface de friction est un des paramètres qui conditionnent l'adhérence de la garniture du disque d'embrayage sur la surface de friction. Le prolongement périphérique de la surface de friction permet de positionner les canaux et les moyens thermosensibles à proximité de cette surface la plus chaude du volant d'inertie.Indeed, the friction surface between the ring and the lining of a clutch disk is the hottest surface of the flywheel, and it is advantageous for the cooling channels to be close to this surface. warmer to have an effective cooling (large temperature difference between this zone and the air passing through the channels), and also to have a good sensitivity and a good reactivity of the thermosensitive medium, since the temperature of the friction surface is one of the parameters that condition the adhesion of the clutch disc lining to the friction surface. The peripheral extension of the friction surface makes it possible to position the channels and the heat-sensitive means near this hottest surface of the flywheel.
En outre, la surépaisseur permet d'avoir des canaux débouchant à chacune de leurs extrémités (amont et aval) tout en étant rectilignes. En effet, la surépaisseur permet une bonne circulation de l'air à l'intérieur des canaux car elle permet de positionner les canaux dans un plan décalé de celui de la surface de friction du volant, mais aussi décalé des plans des surfaces de friction d'un disque d'embrayage associé au volant. Ainsi, le disque d'embrayage n'est plus un obstacle au passage de l'air dans les canaux.In addition, the extra thickness makes it possible to have channels opening at each of their ends (upstream and downstream) while being rectilinear. Indeed, the extra thickness allows a good air circulation inside the channels because it allows to position the channels in a plane shifted from that of the friction surface of the steering wheel, but also offset from the planes of the friction surfaces d a clutch disk associated with the steering wheel. Thus, the clutch disc is no longer an obstacle to the passage of air in the channels.
On notera que cette invention s'applique de la même manière aux embrayages multi-disques.It should be noted that this invention applies in the same way to multi-disk clutches.
On comprendra dans tout le texte de ce document par extrémité amont et aval, les extrémités des canaux selon le sens du passage de l'air, c'est-à-dire l'extrémité proche du centre de rotation du volant pour l'extrémité amont, et l'extrémité à la périphérie du volant pour l'extrémité aval.It will be understood throughout the text of this document by upstream and downstream end, the ends of the channels in the direction of the passage of air, that is to say the end near the center of rotation of the steering wheel for the end upstream, and the end at the periphery of the steering wheel for the downstream end.
On notera également que le prolongement périphérique de la surface de friction permet de loger les canaux dans une partie du volant où sa vitesse périphérique est la plus grande, ce qui, pour la centrifugation de l'air, est une condition optimale d'efficacité.It will also be noted that the peripheral extension of the friction surface makes it possible to house the channels in a portion of the steering wheel where its peripheral speed is greatest, which, for the centrifugation of the air, is an optimal condition of efficiency.
Selon un mode de réalisation, cette surépaisseur formant un prolongement périphérique de la surface de friction comprend un grand diamètre extérieur, et un petit diamètre intérieur, et les moyens thermosensibles logés dans les canaux sont positionnés sur ce petit diamètre intérieur.According to one embodiment, this extra thickness forming a peripheral extension of the friction surface comprises a large outer diameter, and a small inside diameter, and the heat-sensitive means housed in the channels are positioned on this small inside diameter.
En effet, les moyens thermosensibles sont ainsi positionnés au plus près de la surface de friction, c'est-à-dire là où la température de la surépaisseur est la plus grande. Cela augmente la sensibilité et le temps de réponse du moyen thermosensible.Indeed, the heat-sensitive means are thus positioned closer to the friction surface, that is to say where the temperature of the extra thickness is greatest. This increases the sensitivity and response time of the thermosensitive medium.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens thermosensibles sont insérés en force dans les canaux.According to one embodiment, the heat-sensitive means are inserted into force in the channels.
Selon une variante de réalisation, les moyens thermosensibles sont surmoulés dans les canaux.According to an alternative embodiment, the heat-sensitive means are overmolded in the channels.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le volant d'inertie comprend un moyeu de liaison solidaire de l'anneau d'inertie, et est tel que le moyeu comprend des canaux complémentaires de refroidissement par centrifugation d'air le traversant.According to one embodiment, the flywheel comprises a connecting hub integral with the inertia ring, and is such that the hub comprises complementary cooling channels by air centrifugation therethrough.
En effet, ces canaux complémentaires permettent une circulation d'air supplémentaire.Indeed, these complementary channels allow additional air circulation.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les canaux complémentaires comprennent un moyen complémentaire thermosensible de variation de leur section de passage.According to one embodiment, the complementary channels comprise a thermosensitive complementary means of variation of their passage section.
L'invention porte également sur un véhicule automobile comprenant un groupe motopropulseur avec un embrayage et un volant moteur, le volant moteur étant tel que succinctement décrit ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a powertrain with a clutch and a flywheel, the flywheel being as briefly described above.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention seront mieux compris à l'aide de la description et des dessins non limitatifs parmi lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue d'un volant à inertie selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. - la
figure 2 est une vue partielle agrandie de lafigure 1 , montrant un canal de refroidissement avec un moyen thermosensible. - la
figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un volant à inertie selon un mode de réalisation, avec une partie de son environnement. - la
figure 4 est une vue d'un volant à inertie selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a view of a flywheel according to one embodiment of the invention. - the
figure 2 is an enlarged partial view of thefigure 1 , showing a cooling channel with a thermosensitive means. - the
figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of an inertial flywheel according to one embodiment, with part of its environment. - the
figure 4 is a view of a flywheel according to one embodiment of the invention.
Ce seuil de température bas provoquant la fermeture des sections de passage d'air lorsque la température des moyens thermosensibles 4 est en dessous de ce seuil, est compris entre 50°C et 250°C.This low temperature threshold causing the closure of the air passage sections when the temperature of the heat-
En effet, des mesures de montée en température d'un volant à inertie dans le cadre d'un essai du type « suivi de file », c'est-à-dire un essai de démarrage et arrêt répétés dans un embouteillage, ont montré que la température de l'air autour du volant à inertie atteint une valeur de 195°C lorsque le volant d'inertie atteint une température de 330°C et un plateau presseur (qui sera décrit en
A l'inverse, les moyens thermosensibles 4 sont conçus pour refermer ou réduire la section de passage lorsque la température du volant à inertie et/ou de l'air traversant les canaux 3 redescend en dessous de ce seuil, de manière à éviter des températures basses du volant à inertie 1 dans des conditions hivernales.Conversely, the heat-
En effet, lorsque la température est en dessous de ce seuil bas (par exemple, en situation de roulage dans des conditions climatiques froides ou après un arrêt prolongé), on observe une limitation de la transmission du couple par un phénomène de patinage à froid d'un disque de friction (ou disque d'embrayage). Notamment, des essais en conditions froides, ont montré qu'avec des températures négatives, par exemple de -15°C, un couple maximum transmissible par le disque de friction peut être réduit de 10 à 20%.Indeed, when the temperature is below this low threshold (for example, when driving in cold climatic conditions or after a prolonged stop), a limitation of the transmission of the torque is observed by a phenomenon of cold skating. a friction disk (or clutch plate). In particular, tests in cold conditions, have shown that with negative temperatures, for example -15 ° C, a maximum torque transmissible by the friction disc can be reduced from 10 to 20%.
En outre, notamment pour les moteurs diesel, le volant à inertie 1 peut comprendre deux masses liées entre elles par des ressorts. Une des masses est solidaire d'un vilebrequin et l'autre masse est solidaire d'une transmission, les deux étant reliées par des taquets, un roulement à billes et des ressorts. Cela constitue un dispositif d'amortissement absorbant les trop fortes variations d'énergie cinétique, réduisant ainsi les sollicitations en torsion de la transmission. Ces ressorts sont logés dans des cavités garnies de graisse. Dans des conditions de température très basse, notamment en dessous de 0°C, cette graisse se fige et peut entraver le bon fonctionnement du volant d'inertie. Il est donc utile de permettre à l'embrayage de rapidement atteindre une plage de température adéquate au bon fonctionnement du volant d'inerte, comme par exemple supérieure à 0°C, préférentiellement supérieure à 40°C.In addition, especially for diesel engines, the
En fonctionnement, la rotation du volant à inertie 1 a pour effet de générer une circulation forcée par centrifugation de l'air à travers les canaux 3 favorable à un échange thermique. L'air se réchauffe ainsi par convection le long des canaux pour se faire éjecter par centrifugation à la périphérie du volant d'inertie 1, les moyens thermosensibles régulant le débit de l'air en fonction de la température du volant à inertie et/ou de l'air.In operation, the rotation of the
Les moyens thermosensibles 4 comprennent un matériau thermo-déformable formant un clapet. Le matériau thermo-déformable est par exemple un alliage métallique à mémoire de forme, couramment désigné par l'acronyme AMF, permettant d'alterner entre deux formes préalablement mémorisées lorsque sa température varie autour d'une température critique, à savoir le seuil de température bas. Il existe des alliages connus présentant ces propriétés, comme les alliages Cu-AI-Ni, Cu-Al-Zn ou Ni-Mn-Ga qui sont des alliages utilisables pour cette invention.The heat-
Les canaux 3 sont orientés radialement à l'anneau 2, de façon a assurer la centrifugation de l'air contenu dans ces canaux 3. Un canal peut former un angle d'inclinaison de 0 à 30 degrés par rapport au rayon de l'anneau 2 qui le traverse. Ils sont ici au nombre de 10, mais peuvent être compris entre 2 et 30. Le fait d'augmenter leur nombre permet d'augmenter le potentiel de refroidissement du moyen de refroidissement.The
La
L'anneau d'inertie comporte la surface de friction 5 globalement annulaire, et les canaux 3 sont logés dans une surépaisseur 6 de l'anneau 2, cette surépaisseur 6 formant un prolongement périphérique de la surface de friction 5. Cette surface de friction se trouve alors délimitée à sa périphérie par la surépaisseur 6, et en son centre par le moyeu 7.The ring of inertia comprises the generally
Les moyens thermosensibles 4 sont logés dans l'extrémité amont des canaux 3. Il est en effet avantageux que les moyens thermosensibles 4 soient proches de la surface de friction 5, cette surface étant une zone la plus chaude du volant à inertie 1, pour avoir un refroidissement efficace (écart de température important entre cette zone et l'air traversant les canaux), et aussi pour avoir une bonne sensibilité et une bonne réactivité du moyen thermosensible, étant donné qu'une température de la surface de friction 5 est un des paramètres qui conditionnent l'adhérence de la garniture d'un disque d'embrayage sur la surface de friction 5.The thermosensitive means 4 are housed in the upstream end of the
La
La
Cette figure montre le disque d'embrayage 103 en position sur la surface de friction 5, ce disque d'embrayage 103 étant recouvert de matériau de friction sur ses deux faces en contact, respectivement, avec la surface de friction 5 du volant à inertie 1 et une autre surface de friction sur le plateau presseur 107, le plateau presseur 107, un mécanisme de pression 105, et la cloche d'embrayage 104 fixée sur l'anneau 2 par les goujons 101.This figure shows the
Le plateau presseur est commandé par un mécanisme de commande type levier avec une butée d'embrayage et un diaphragme (non représentés), le levier prenant appui sur un carter d'embrayage (non représenté). Le carter d'embrayage comprend essentiellement une paroi formant une enceinte logeant le volant à inertie 1, la cloche d'embrayage 104, le disque d'embrayage 103, le plateau presseur 107. Le volant à inertie 1 et le plateau presseur 107 sont solidaires en rotation du vilebrequin, et sont donc indexés en rotation l'un par rapport à l'autre. Le disque d'embrayage 100 est lui solidaire en rotation d'un arbre primaire d'une boîte de vitesses fixée sur le carter d'embrayage.The pressure plate is controlled by a lever type control mechanism with a clutch abutment and a diaphragm (not shown), the lever being supported on a clutch housing (not shown). The clutch housing essentially comprises a wall forming an enclosure housing the
Classiquement, le levier bascule autour d'une articulation pivot et/ou rotule portée par le carter d'embrayage, poussant le diaphragme via la butée d'embrayage, diaphragme qui vient alors comprimer le plateau presseur 107 en le translatant contre le mécanisme de pression 105, libérant ainsi le disque d'embrayage 103 et désaccouplant l'arbre primaire du vilebrequin. Ce principe de fonctionnement est bien connu en soi de l'homme de métier.Conventionally, the lever tilts around a pivot joint and / or ball carried by the clutch housing, pushing the diaphragm via the clutch abutment, diaphragm which then compresses the
La surépaisseur 6 permet judicieusement de désaffleurer la section amont du canal 3 de l'épaisseur de la garniture du disque de friction 100. De la sorte, l'air contenu dans l'enceinte du carter d'embrayage peut librement passer à travers la section amont du canal 3.The
Dans une variante, et si nécessaire, on pratique une échancrure en vis-à-vis de la section amont du canal 3 dans le plateau presseur 107. En effet, le plateau presseur 107 est toujours à la même position angulaire par rapport au volant d'inertie 1 car ils sont solidaires en rotation l'un à l'autre (via la cloche d'embrayage). Cette échancrure 107 se trouvera donc toujours en vis-à-vis de la section amont du canal 3, ce qui n'aurait pas été possible si cette échancrure était pratiquée dans l'épaisseur de la garniture du disque d'embrayage 103.In a variant, and if necessary, an indentation is made vis-à-vis the upstream section of the
La
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1659886A FR3057632A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | COIL ENGINE FLYWHEEL |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3309422A1 true EP3309422A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
Family
ID=57539495
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17190984.9A Withdrawn EP3309422A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2017-09-14 | Cooled flywheel |
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EP (1) | EP3309422A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3057632A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116404802A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-07-07 | 博鼎储能科技(山东)有限公司 | Double flywheel nested energy storage device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5973636U (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-05-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Clutch housing cooling mechanism |
DE19930966A1 (en) * | 1999-07-05 | 2001-01-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Contact pressure plate for friction clutch is mainly ring-shaped and has internal channel arrangement formed in cast plate |
FR2806766A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-28 | Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau | CLUTCH, PARTICULARLY FOR THE DRIVE LINEN OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
EP2453145A1 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-16 | Vicura AB | Pressure plate for a dry clutch system |
FR2974868A1 (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-09 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Method for thermal controlling of coupling unit between e.g. internal combustion engine and power transmission unit of automobile, involves cooling coupling unit when temperature of clutch exceeds threshold or when exceedance is predicted |
-
2016
- 2016-10-13 FR FR1659886A patent/FR3057632A1/en active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-09-14 EP EP17190984.9A patent/EP3309422A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5973636U (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-05-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Clutch housing cooling mechanism |
DE19930966A1 (en) * | 1999-07-05 | 2001-01-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Contact pressure plate for friction clutch is mainly ring-shaped and has internal channel arrangement formed in cast plate |
FR2806766A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-28 | Luk Lamellen & Kupplungsbau | CLUTCH, PARTICULARLY FOR THE DRIVE LINEN OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
EP2453145A1 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-16 | Vicura AB | Pressure plate for a dry clutch system |
FR2974868A1 (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-09 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Method for thermal controlling of coupling unit between e.g. internal combustion engine and power transmission unit of automobile, involves cooling coupling unit when temperature of clutch exceeds threshold or when exceedance is predicted |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116404802A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-07-07 | 博鼎储能科技(山东)有限公司 | Double flywheel nested energy storage device |
CN116404802B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-22 | 博鼎储能科技(山东)有限公司 | Double flywheel nested energy storage device |
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