EP3298190B1 - Modular air drier - Google Patents
Modular air drier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3298190B1 EP3298190B1 EP16736372.0A EP16736372A EP3298190B1 EP 3298190 B1 EP3298190 B1 EP 3298190B1 EP 16736372 A EP16736372 A EP 16736372A EP 3298190 B1 EP3298190 B1 EP 3298190B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- module
- air
- dried
- modules
- goods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 181
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/10—Drying cabinets or drying chambers having heating or ventilating means
- D06F58/12—Drying cabinets or drying chambers having heating or ventilating means having conveying means for moving clothes, e.g. along an endless track
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/32—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/34—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers characterised by the purpose or target of the control
- D06F58/36—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
- D06F58/38—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of drying, e.g. to achieve the target humidity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
- D06F2103/08—Humidity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
- D06F2103/12—Temperature
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/28—Air properties
- D06F2103/32—Temperature
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/28—Air properties
- D06F2103/34—Humidity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/28—Air properties
- D06F2103/36—Flow or velocity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/16—Air properties
- D06F2105/24—Flow or velocity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F31/00—Washing installations comprising an assembly of several washing machines or washing units, e.g. continuous flow assemblies
- D06F31/005—Washing installations comprising an assembly of several washing machines or washing units, e.g. continuous flow assemblies consisting of one or more rotating drums through which the laundry passes in a continuous flow
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dryer for drying items to be dried, with a receptacle for the items to be dried, an air duct for guiding air to the receptacle and a heating device for heating the air.
- Dryers of the type mentioned are known from practice and exist in different embodiments.
- a dryer is from the DE 10 2011 087 874 A1 famous.
- a receptacle for the material to be dried is realized, to which heated air is supplied via an air duct.
- a heating device is provided to heat the air.
- the document DE 10 2013 007028 A1 discloses a dryer with a receptacle for the material to be dried, an air duct for guiding air to the receptacle and a heating device for heating the air, the receptacle having a plurality of modules arranged one after the other for heating, drying or cooling the material to be dried, and at least one module having one Transport device is assigned to the further transport of the material to be dried from this module to the next module.
- Dryers of this type are used, for example, in industrial drying processes, for example in laundries.
- the usual exhaust air from the dryer can reach temperatures of up to 120 ° C and more.
- a large amount of energy must therefore be used to operate the dryer, a large proportion of which is released back into the environment in the form of thermal energy.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of designing and developing a dryer of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that particularly efficient use of the energy required for drying is made possible in a simple manner.
- the above object is achieved by a dryer with the features of claim 1.
- the dryer is designed and developed in such a way that the receptacle has several modules arranged one after the other for heating, drying or cooling the items to be dried and that at least one module is assigned a transport device for transporting the items to be dried from this module or one module to the next module.
- the receptacle has, in a further manner according to the invention, a plurality of modules arranged one after the other, which are designed in a suitable manner for heating, drying or cooling the material to be dried.
- the receptacle can have two or more modules arranged one after the other.
- the dryer according to the invention has at least one transport device assigned to a module for further transport of the items to be dried from this module or one module to the next module. With a transport device of this type, safe transport or safe transfer of the items to be dried is made possible in the drying process effected by the modules.
- the dryer according to the invention provides a dryer in which a particularly efficient use of the energy required for drying is made possible in a simple manner.
- the individual modules can basically be operated in different ways.
- a module can work as completely as possible in recirculation mode.
- the required heat can be transferred to the material to be dried via heat exchangers and heat losses can be suppressed via exhaust air.
- Other modules are designed in such a way that supply air is fed into a receiving area for items to be dried in the module and exhaust air is discharged from the receiving area.
- Such exhaust air from a module usually contains a heat content that can be used elsewhere in the drying process.
- an exhaust air from a module or a plurality of modules can therefore at least partially form an inlet air to a module arranged in front of it, preferably the module arranged directly in front of it, or a plurality of modules arranged in front of it.
- the heat contained in the exhaust air can be used in one or several modules arranged in front of it.
- the exhaust air from one module is fed directly into a receiving area for items to be dried from another module or from several other modules.
- the exhaust air can also be used as combustion air for the heating device, provided that the heating device is operated by means of a combustion process.
- the air can also be heated by means of steam or electrical energy - without a combustion process. In this case, exhaust air from a module is not required for the heating device.
- heat from an exhaust air from a module or several modules can at least partially be applied to the supply air and / or circulating air of a module or module arranged in front of it, preferably the one arranged directly in front of it several modules arranged in front of it can be transferred.
- a transfer process can take place by means of one or more heat exchangers, preferably air / air heat exchangers.
- This type of use of waste heat from exhaust air differs from direct transfer due to the transfer medium used - the heat exchanger the heat, as is the case, for example, when exhaust air from one module at least partially forms supply air from another or several other modules.
- a heat exchanger can, for example, be integrated into a module or be assigned directly to a module in order, for example, to enable circulating air operation of the module.
- a heat exchanger or several heat exchangers can be provided, which are arranged in an air duct or integrated in an air duct in order, if necessary, for example to preheat a supply air for a module by means of an exhaust air of a module.
- a module for checking the moisture content of the drying material can be arranged in front of a module for cooling down the material to be dried.
- a control module can form the end of an arrangement of modules for heating and drying in order to control the moisture content before cooling the material to be dried and, if necessary, to carry out additional drying in the control module.
- a supply air of a module for controlling the moisture content of the drying items can at least partially be air that is heated by means of a heat exchanger, preferably an air / air heat exchanger, the thermal energy from the exhaust air of a module for heating the Items to be dried and / or from the exhaust air of another module or of the module for checking the moisture content of the items to be dried itself.
- energy can be used efficiently by supplying preheated supply air.
- the supply air to this control module is formed exclusively by air preheated in the manner described.
- a module for cooling the material to be dried which is usually arranged to terminate the arrangement of different modules, can advantageously take supply air from an installation room in which this module or modules are located, or from ambient air. Such an ambient air could for example be supplied to the cooling module from outside a building.
- the cooling effect is brought about by the usually cooler air in the installation room or cooler ambient air compared to the air in the modules.
- an exhaust air duct can have one or more splitting and / or switching elements, preferably splitting and / or switching flaps.
- dividing and / or switching elements By means of such dividing and / or switching elements, a targeted and flexible routing of the exhaust air to modules is possible in which the supply of heat is necessary and / or energetically favorable.
- Such dividing and / or switching elements can be controlled centrally by means of a suitable controller. In this respect, the individual switching of the dividing and / or switching elements can be carried out individually and as a function of time, taking into account the operation of the entire dryer and the overall arrangement of modules.
- a combustion air duct can have a pressure compensation flap with which the air pressure or the air pressure conditions in the combustion air duct can or can be influenced and controlled. For example, when there is too large a quantity of exhaust air for a desired combustion process from, for example, a cooling module, excess exhaust air that is present or supplied can escape through the pressure compensation flap. This excess exhaust air can, for example, be fed into a supply air duct of a heat exchanger to preheat supply air for one of the modules. If there is no exhaust air available from a module, air for the heating device or heating burner can be sucked in via the pressure compensation flap.
- a transport device can be arranged between each two modules.
- the transport device can preferably have a conveyor belt or a slide or a slide channel.
- a suitable height offset between the modules makes sense so that the material to be dried can move from one module to the next due to gravity.
- compressed air support can be used be provided, which ensures a safe further transport of the material to be dried.
- the transport device can be designed as an internal mechanism of a module or can be integrated into a module. Such a transport device or mechanism can move the goods to be transported between modules by means of suitable gripping and / or guide elements. When selecting a suitable transport device, the required amount of material to be transported can be taken into account.
- a device to be dried can be arranged in front of the receptacle, which preferably has a weighing device for the items to be dried. This ensures that the dryer, and specifically the receptacle, is loaded with a suitable amount of material to be dried. This prevents the dryer from being overloaded.
- a module can be designed in an individual way.
- Advantageous components of the modules can be an infrared temperature measuring device and / or a device for detecting another measured variable for determining the moisture content of the items to be dried.
- a receiving area of a module can be formed by a drum driven by a motor, which is rotatably mounted in a suitable manner.
- a module can have a fan that guides air through the material to be dried.
- the heating device for heating the air can have a heating device assigned to a module. Such a heater can be assigned to each module.
- at least one module and preferably several or all modules can be designed as cyclic dryers. Such cyclic dryers are known from practice and represent a reliable drying unit that can be used as a single module within the scope of the present invention.
- the dryer can have a control or regulating device.
- a control or regulating device can be the guide as a central element and / or control or regulate the amount of supply and / or exhaust air to or from the modules and / or the heating of supply air to the modules and / or of air in one or more modules depending on a predeterminable moisture content of the items to be dried.
- a control or regulation can include the switching, opening and closing of dividing and / or switching elements and / or a pressure compensation flap.
- a cascaded dryer is provided, as it were, by the arrangement of several modules.
- drying air can be heated to approx. 180 ° C.
- a temperature of 120 ° C. can be present at the exit of the dryer, for example.
- the supply of air can take place according to different operating programs depending on the humidity and / or the type of material to be dried.
- the length of time the items to be dried remain in the respective modules can be, for example, approx. 4 minutes, so that there is a cycle of approx. 4 minutes.
- the total drying time for three modules can then be approx. 12 minutes.
- An additional cooling time of suitable duration can then be provided, for example 2 minutes.
- these times are to be understood purely as examples and can be extended or shortened in a suitable manner individually or in total according to individual situations.
- Fig. 1 shows in a schematic representation a structure of an exemplary embodiment of a dryer according to the invention for drying items to be dried.
- the dryer has a receptacle for the material to be dried, an air duct (not shown here) for guiding air to the receptacle and a heating device (not shown here) for heating the air.
- the receptacle has several modules 1, 2, 3 and 4 arranged one after the other for heating, drying, controlling the moisture content and cooling the items to be dried. Between the modules 1 and 2, 2 and 3 and 3 and 4, a transport device 5 is arranged in each case for the further transport of the material to be dried between these modules 1, 2, 3 and 4.
- a drying material feed device 6 is arranged, via which the module 1 is loaded with the drying material.
- the material to be dried is thus input into the dryer via the material supply device 6.
- the material to be dried is output.
- Fig. 1 shows the flow of material to be dried in this cascaded dryer made up of several modules 1 to 4 according to the first exemplary embodiment.
- Fig. 2 and 3 are schematic and detailed representations of the principle in Fig. 1 embodiment shown, wherein Fig. 2 a heating device with a plurality of heating devices 7 and based on a combustion process Fig. 3 a heating device with a plurality of steam-heated or electric heaters. Because of this difference in the training of the Heating device, there are differences between the exemplary embodiments in the supply and / or exhaust air routing to or from modules 1 to 4.
- Fig. 2 and 3 is the in Fig. 1
- the drying material feed device 6 shown has been omitted for the sake of clarity.
- the following description basically refers to both in the Fig. 2 and 3 Embodiments shown, wherein structural differences due to the differently designed heating devices are explained.
- the module 1 for heating is essentially formed by a known cycle dryer with infrared temperature measurement or the detection of another measured variable for determining the moisture content of the items to be dried.
- the items to be dried are located in a rotating drum, driven by a motor, in module 1.
- This drum forms a receiving area for the items to be dried.
- the module 1 has a fan that guides air through the material to be dried in the receiving area.
- Module 1 has a heating device for heating the air. This heating device is used in the in Fig. 2
- the embodiment shown is formed by a burner 7 based on a combustion process, which causes a supply of heat to the module 1.
- the module 1 has an air / air heat exchanger 8 which is coupled into a circulating air volume flow and which is integrated into the module 1.
- the burner 7 is also integrated in the module 1.
- module 2 for drying and module 3 for checking the moisture content of the items to be dried also have integrated burners 7.
- the heating device has a plurality of steam-heated or electric air heaters 9.
- the in Fig. 3 The embodiment shown is realized with a heating device with air heaters 9 instead of with burners 7.
- the air heaters 9 are also integrated in modules 1, 2 and 3.
- the in Fig. 2 An exhaust system is provided for the discharge of combustion air from the burner 7, the burner 7, the heat exchanger 8 and the exhaust system being designed in such a way in the case of module 1, that it is possible in module 1 to operate the drying process with 100% circulating air. Even with the in Fig. 3 Such a circulating air operation with a circulating air proportion of 100% in module 1 is possible.
- the module 2 for drying also essentially corresponds to a cycle dryer with infrared temperature measurement or the detection of another measured variable for determining the moisture content of the items to be dried.
- the material to be dried is dried in one or more of these modules - it is possible to integrate more than one module 2 for drying in the dryer - with the addition of energy and a variable proportion of supply air.
- the supply air of the module 2 is the exhaust air of the respective subsequent module, in the present case of the module 3 for checking the moisture content of the items to be dried.
- the module 3 for checking the moisture content of the items to be dried also essentially corresponds to a cycle dryer with infrared temperature measurement or the acquisition of another measured variable for determining the moisture content of the items to be dried.
- the already dried items to be dried are re-dried in this module 3 if various parameters such as textile temperature, heating or cooling speed and / or direct exhaust air moisture measurement indicate that the residual moisture in the items to be dried is too high.
- the supply air of the module 3 is preheated supply air from a heat exchanger 10.
- This heat exchanger 10 draws thermal energy from the exhaust air of the modules 1, 2 and possibly 3.
- the heat exchanger 10 can draw heat from the exhaust air of the module 4, since the exhaust air from this module 4 can be coupled or coupled into a fresh air supply.
- the module 4 for cooling is also essentially a cyclic dryer, which, however, in contrast to the other modules 1, 2 and 3, does not have a heating device or circulating air flaps.
- the supply air of the module 4 is taken from the installation room or the outside air - from outside a building envelope.
- the exhaust air from module 4 is used in accordance with Fig. 2 the burners 7 of the other modules 1, 2 and 3 as combustion air. If little or no combustion air is required, the exhaust air escapes from the module 4 or from the cooling process via a pressure compensation flap 11 into the supply air duct in front of the heat exchanger 10 If no exhaust air is available from this module 4, air for the burner 7 is sucked in via the pressure compensation flap 11.
- a fan of module 4 is reduced in its output compared to that in the other modules 1, 2 and 3.
- the exhaust air from module 3 is routed to a divider / switchover flap 12, which feeds the exhaust air either directly to module 2 or to heat exchanger 8 of module 1. It is also possible to route the exhaust air partly to module 2 and partly to heat exchanger 8 by means of the splitter / switchover flap 12.
- the dividing / switching flap 12 is controlled in a continuously regulated manner, which causes suitable opening or closing of the dividing / switching flap 12 and splitting of the exhaust air from the module 3 in order to avoid overdrying or heat damage to the items to be dried.
- FIG. 2 The exemplary embodiment shown furthermore has a thermally active mass as an optional regenerator 13 in the exhaust air duct leading out of the module 4.
- an air filter 14 and / or lint filter is also arranged in the exhaust air duct leading from the module 4.
- the material to be dried and a drying air stream pass through the process steps essentially in countercurrent.
- a transfer of the transported goods from one module 1, 2 or 3 to another module 2, 3 or 4 takes place after the expiry of adjustable time units or cycles.
- Modules 1, 2, 3 and 4 are loaded on their front side and unloaded on their rear side.
- module 1 the material to be dried is heated in the circulating air process to maintain a high level of humidity and high heat transfer rates.
- module 1 has an integrated air / air heat exchanger 8, which is supplied with heat on one side with exhaust air from the following modules 2 and 3. The heat supplied is released to the circulating air of module 1 on the other side.
- the heated material to be dried is reloaded into the module 2 by means of an internal or external transport device 5.
- the exhaust air from the following module - either another module 2 or module 3 - is fed into this module 2. Because the drying process is largely complete there, this hot exhaust air contains little moisture and can be further loaded with moisture in module 2. For this purpose, additional thermal energy is supplied.
- the exhaust air from one or more modules 2 is fed to the preceding module 1 or the air / air heat exchanger 8 of module 1. Part of the waste heat still contained in the exhaust air after the heat exchanger 8 is fed to the supply air of the module 3 by means of a second air / air heat exchanger 10.
- the cooled exhaust air is discharged as exhaust air, for example via the roof
- the waste heat from module 4 in burners 7 and the components pressure compensation valve 11 and optional regenerator 13 in the form of, for example, are omitted the thermally active mass.
- the exhaust air from the module 4 is then fed to the supply air upstream of the second heat exchanger 10 and, if there is no demand, is discharged via the supply air duct, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.
- the essentially independently regulated modules 1 to 4 are coordinated via a network controller serving as a control or regulating device 15.
- This composite control controls the loading and unloading processes of modules 1 to 4, the control of bypass flaps - for example flaps 11 and 12 - and coordinates the use of energy.
- the modules 1 to 4 can be unloaded, for example, by tilting the entire system with the modules 1 to 4 stationary without the assistance of a fan. Furthermore, a single tipping discharge without fan assistance is also conceivable. Furthermore, the stationary modules 1 to 4 can be discharged with the assistance of a fan.
- Fig. 3 contains a graphic simplification: analogous to today's commercial cycle dryers, circulating air and supply air are regulated via flaps on the suction side of the fan.
- the representation of the circulating air in modules 2 and 3, which is separate from the supply air, is only used for better clarity.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Trockner zur Trocknung von Trocknungsgut, mit einer Aufnahme für das Trocknungsgut, einer Luftführung zur Führung von Luft zu der Aufnahme und einer Heizeinrichtung zur Erwärmung der Luft.The present invention relates to a dryer for drying items to be dried, with a receptacle for the items to be dried, an air duct for guiding air to the receptacle and a heating device for heating the air.
Trockner der eingangs genannten Art sind aus der Praxis bekannt und existieren in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen. Beispielsweise ist ein derartiger Trockner aus der
Das Dokument
Trockner dieser Art kommen beispielsweise bei industriellen Trocknungsprozessen, beispielsweise in Wäschereien, zum Einsatz. Eine übliche Abluft aus dem Trockner kann Temperaturen bis zu 120°C und mehr erreichen. Für den Betrieb des Trockners muss daher eine große Menge an Energie eingesetzt werden, die zu einem großen Anteil in Form von thermischer Energie wieder an die Umgebung abgegeben wird. Entsprechend ist es bekannt, Wärmetauscher einzusetzen, mit denen Wärme aus der Abluft zur Erwärmung des Zuluftstroms genutzt wird. Hierdurch lässt sich ein erheblicher Anteil an Energie einsparen bzw. wieder nutzen.Dryers of this type are used, for example, in industrial drying processes, for example in laundries. The usual exhaust air from the dryer can reach temperatures of up to 120 ° C and more. A large amount of energy must therefore be used to operate the dryer, a large proportion of which is released back into the environment in the form of thermal energy. Accordingly, it is known to use heat exchangers with which heat from the exhaust air is used to heat the supply air flow. This allows a considerable amount of energy to be saved or reused.
Allerdings ist es aufgrund ständig steigender Energiekosten und aus ökologischer Sicht nach wie vor wünschenswert, weitere energetische Optimierungen und Einsparungen beim Betrieb eines Trockners zu erzielen.However, due to constantly rising energy costs and from an ecological point of view, it is still desirable to achieve further energetic optimizations and savings in the operation of a dryer.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Trockner der eingangs genannten Art derart auszugestalten und weiterzubilden, dass eine besonders effiziente Nutzung von zur Trocknung erforderlicher Energie auf einfache Weise ermöglicht ist.The present invention is therefore based on the object of designing and developing a dryer of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that particularly efficient use of the energy required for drying is made possible in a simple manner.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die voranstehende Aufgabe durch einen Trockner mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Danach ist der Trockner derart ausgestaltet und weitergebildet, dass die Aufnahme mehrere nacheinander angeordnete Module zum Aufheizen, Trocknen oder Abkühlen des Trocknungsguts aufweist und dass zumindest einem Modul eine Transporteinrichtung zum Weitertransport des Trocknungsguts von diesem Modul oder einem Modul zum nächsten Modul zugeordnet ist.According to the invention, the above object is achieved by a dryer with the features of
In erfindungsgemäßer Weise ist erkannt worden, dass eine geschickte Ausgestaltung der Aufnahme für das Trocknungsgut die voranstehende Aufgabe auf überraschend einfache Weise löst. Hierzu weist die Aufnahme in weiter erfindungsgemäßer Weise mehrere nacheinander angeordnete Module auf, die in geeigneter Weise zum Aufheizen, Trocknen oder Abkühlen des Trocknungsguts ausgestaltet sind. Dabei kann die Aufnahme zwei oder mehrere nacheinander angeordnete Module aufweisen. Dies bietet die Möglichkeit, einzelne Prozessschritte auf besonders effiziente Weise durchzuführen, wobei die zugeführte Wärme und/oder Luft sowie ein Feuchtegehalt des Trocknungsguts individuell für jedes einzelne Modul gesteuert oder geregelt werden können, um einerseits die gewünschte Trocknungswirkung und andererseits eine möglichst effiziente und sparsame Nutzung von Energie zu erreichen. Beispielsweise ist ein Aufbau mit einem Modul zum Aufheizen, einem oder mehreren Modulen zum Trocknen, einem Modul zur Kontrolle des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts und einem Modul zum Abkühlen des Trocknungsguts besonders effizient. Des Weiteren weist der erfindungsgemäße Trockner zumindest eine einem Modul zugeordnete Transporteinrichtung zum Weitertransport des Trocknungsguts von diesem Modul oder einem Modul zum nächsten Modul auf. Mit einer derartigen Transporteinrichtung ist ein sicherer Transport oder eine sichere Weitergabe des Trocknungsguts im durch die Module bewirkten Trocknungsprozess ermöglicht.According to the invention, it has been recognized that a clever design of the receptacle for the material to be dried solves the above problem in a surprisingly simple manner. For this purpose, the receptacle has, in a further manner according to the invention, a plurality of modules arranged one after the other, which are designed in a suitable manner for heating, drying or cooling the material to be dried. The receptacle can have two or more modules arranged one after the other. This offers the possibility of carrying out individual process steps in a particularly efficient way, whereby the supplied heat and / or air as well as the moisture content of the items to be dried can be controlled or regulated individually for each individual module, on the one hand to achieve the desired drying effect and on the other hand to use it as efficiently and economically as possible of energy to achieve. For example, a structure with a module for heating, one or more modules for drying, a module for controlling the moisture content of the items to be dried and a module for cooling the items to be dried is particularly efficient. Furthermore, the dryer according to the invention has at least one transport device assigned to a module for further transport of the items to be dried from this module or one module to the next module. With a transport device of this type, safe transport or safe transfer of the items to be dried is made possible in the drying process effected by the modules.
Folglich ist mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner ein Trockner angegeben, bei dem eine besonders effiziente Nutzung von zur Trocknung erforderlicher Energie auf einfache Weise ermöglicht ist.Consequently, the dryer according to the invention provides a dryer in which a particularly efficient use of the energy required for drying is made possible in a simple manner.
Die einzelnen Module können grundsätzlich auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise betrieben werden. Beispielsweise kann ein Modul möglichst vollständig im Umluftbetrieb arbeiten. Dabei kann erforderliche Wärme über Wärmetauscher zum Trocknungsgut übertragen werden und können Wärmeverluste über eine Abluft unterdrückt werden. Andere Module sind derart ausgebildet, dass eine Zuluft in einen Aufnahmebereich für Trocknungsgut in dem Modul zugeführt und Abluft aus dem Aufnahmebereich abgeführt wird. Derartige Abluft eines Moduls enthält üblicherweise einen Wärmegehalt, der im Trocknungsprozess an anderer Stelle genutzt werden kann. Bei einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel kann daher eine Abluft eines Moduls oder mehrerer Module zumindest teilweise eine Zuluft eines davor angeordneten, vorzugsweise des direkt davor angeordneten, Moduls oder mehrerer davor angeordneter Module bilden. Durch die zumindest teilweise Verwendung einer Abluft als Zuluft eines davor angeordneten Moduls oder mehrerer davor angeordneter Module kann die in der Abluft enthaltene Wärme bei einem davor angeordneten oder mehreren davor angeordneten Modulen genutzt werden. Hierbei liegt eine direkte Zuführung der Abluft eines Moduls in einen Aufnahmebereich für Trocknungsgut eines anderen Moduls oder mehrerer anderer Module vor. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu einer derartigen Nutzung der Abluft als Zuluft kann die Abluft auch als Verbrennungsluft der Heizeinrichtung genutzt werden, sofern die Heizeinrichtung mittels eines Verbrennungsprozesses betrieben wird. Neben einer derartigen Betriebsweise der Heizeinrichtung kann auch eine Erwärmung der Luft mittels Dampf oder elektrischer Energie - ohne einen Verbrennungsprozess - erfolgen. In diesem Fall wird eine Abluft eines Moduls für die Heizeinrichtung nicht gebraucht.The individual modules can basically be operated in different ways. For example, a module can work as completely as possible in recirculation mode. The required heat can be transferred to the material to be dried via heat exchangers and heat losses can be suppressed via exhaust air. Other modules are designed in such a way that supply air is fed into a receiving area for items to be dried in the module and exhaust air is discharged from the receiving area. Such exhaust air from a module usually contains a heat content that can be used elsewhere in the drying process. In an advantageous exemplary embodiment, an exhaust air from a module or a plurality of modules can therefore at least partially form an inlet air to a module arranged in front of it, preferably the module arranged directly in front of it, or a plurality of modules arranged in front of it. Due to the at least partial use of exhaust air as supply air to a module arranged in front of it or a plurality of modules arranged in front of it, the heat contained in the exhaust air can be used in one or several modules arranged in front of it. Here, the exhaust air from one module is fed directly into a receiving area for items to be dried from another module or from several other modules. As an alternative or in addition to such a use of the exhaust air as supply air, the exhaust air can also be used as combustion air for the heating device, provided that the heating device is operated by means of a combustion process. In addition to such an operating mode of the heating device, the air can also be heated by means of steam or electrical energy - without a combustion process. In this case, exhaust air from a module is not required for the heating device.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu einer wie oben beschriebenen Nutzung der Abluft eines Moduls oder mehrerer Module kann in weiter vorteilhafter Weise Wärme einer Abluft eines Moduls oder mehrerer Module zumindest teilweise auf eine Zuluft und/oder Umluft eines davor angeordneten, vorzugsweise des direkt davor angeordneten, Moduls oder mehrerer davor angeordneter Module übertragbar sein. Ein derartiger Übertragungsvorgang kann mittels eines oder mehrerer Wärmetauscher, vorzugsweise Luft/Luft-Wärmetauscher, erfolgen. Diese Art der Nutzung von Abwärme aus einer Abluft unterscheidet sich aufgrund eines verwendeten Übertragungsmittels - der Wärmetauscher - von einer direkten Übertragung der Wärme, wie dies beispielweise in einem Fall vorliegt, wenn Abluft eines Moduls zumindest teilweise eine Zuluft eines anderen oder mehrerer anderer Module bildet. Ein Wärmetauscher kann beispielsweise in ein Modul integriert sein oder einem Modul direkt zugeordnet sein, um beispielsweise einen Umluftbetrieb des Moduls zu ermöglichen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich hierzu kann ein Wärmetauscher oder können mehrere Wärmetauscher vorgesehen sein, die in einer Luftführung angeordnet oder in eine Luftführung integriert sind, um erforderlichenfalls beispielsweise eine Zuluft für ein Modul mittels einer Abluft eines Moduls vorzuwärmen.As an alternative or in addition to using the exhaust air from a module or several modules as described above, heat from an exhaust air from a module or several modules can at least partially be applied to the supply air and / or circulating air of a module or module arranged in front of it, preferably the one arranged directly in front of it several modules arranged in front of it can be transferred. Such a transfer process can take place by means of one or more heat exchangers, preferably air / air heat exchangers. This type of use of waste heat from exhaust air differs from direct transfer due to the transfer medium used - the heat exchanger the heat, as is the case, for example, when exhaust air from one module at least partially forms supply air from another or several other modules. A heat exchanger can, for example, be integrated into a module or be assigned directly to a module in order, for example, to enable circulating air operation of the module. As an alternative or in addition to this, a heat exchanger or several heat exchangers can be provided, which are arranged in an air duct or integrated in an air duct in order, if necessary, for example to preheat a supply air for a module by means of an exhaust air of a module.
Zur Gewährleistung eines besonders hochwertigen Trocknungsergebnisses und zur sicheren Gewährleistung einer effizienten Nutzung erforderlicher Energie kann vor einem Modul zum Abkühlen des Trocknungsguts ein Modul zur Kontrolle des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts angeordnet sein. Ein derartiges Kontrollmodul kann das Ende einer Anordnung von Modulen zum Aufheizen und zum Trocknen bilden, um vor einem Abkühlen des Trocknungsguts den Feuchtegehalt zu kontrollieren und um ggf. zusätzlich eine Nachtrocknung im Kontrollmodul vorzunehmen.To ensure a particularly high-quality drying result and to ensure efficient use of the required energy, a module for checking the moisture content of the drying material can be arranged in front of a module for cooling down the material to be dried. Such a control module can form the end of an arrangement of modules for heating and drying in order to control the moisture content before cooling the material to be dried and, if necessary, to carry out additional drying in the control module.
Hinsichtlich einer besonders effizienten Nutzung erforderlicher Energie kann eine Zuluft eines Moduls zur Kontrolle des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts zumindest teilweise Luft sein, die mittels eines Wärmetauschers, vorzugsweise eines Luft/Luft-Wärmetauschers, erwärmt ist, der thermische Energie von der Abluft eines Moduls zum Aufheizen des Trocknungsguts und/oder von der Abluft eines anderen Moduls oder des Moduls zur Kontrolle des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts selbst bezieht. In diesem Fall kann eine effiziente Energienutzung durch Zufuhr vorgewärmter Zuluft erfolgen. In besonders vorteilhafter Weise wird die Zuluft zu diesem Kontrollmodul ausschließlich durch auf die beschriebene Art vorgewärmte Luft gebildet.With regard to a particularly efficient use of the energy required, a supply air of a module for controlling the moisture content of the drying items can at least partially be air that is heated by means of a heat exchanger, preferably an air / air heat exchanger, the thermal energy from the exhaust air of a module for heating the Items to be dried and / or from the exhaust air of another module or of the module for checking the moisture content of the items to be dried itself. In this case, energy can be used efficiently by supplying preheated supply air. In a particularly advantageous manner, the supply air to this control module is formed exclusively by air preheated in the manner described.
Ein üblicherweise als Abschluss der Anordnung unterschiedlicher Module angeordnetes Modul zum Abkühlen des Trocknungsguts kann eine Zuluft in vorteilhafter Weise einem Aufstellraum, in dem sich dieses Modul oder die Module befinden, oder einer Umgebungsluft entnehmen. Eine derartige Umgebungsluft könnte beispielsweise von außerhalb eines Gebäudes zu dem Abkühlmodul zufürbar sein. Der Kühleffekt wird hierbei durch die üblicherweise im Vergleich zur in den Modulen befindlichen Luft kühlere Luft im Aufstellraum oder kühlere Umgebungsluft bewirkt.A module for cooling the material to be dried, which is usually arranged to terminate the arrangement of different modules, can advantageously take supply air from an installation room in which this module or modules are located, or from ambient air. Such an ambient air could for example be supplied to the cooling module from outside a building. The cooling effect is brought about by the usually cooler air in the installation room or cooler ambient air compared to the air in the modules.
Im Hinblick auf eine effektive Nutzung der in einer Abluft vorhandenen Wärmeenergie kann ein Abluftkanal ein oder mehrere Aufteil- und/oder Umschaltelemente, vorzugsweise Aufteil- und/oder Umschaltklappen, aufweisen. Durch derartige Aufteil- und/oder Umschaltelemente ist eine zielgerichtete und flexible Führung der Abluft zu Modulen möglich, bei denen die Zufuhr von Wärme erforderlich und/oder energetisch günstig ist. Derartige Aufteil- und/oder Umschaltelemente können mittels einer geeigneten Steuerung zentral gesteuert werden. Insoweit kann die individuelle Schaltung der Aufteil- und/oder Umschaltelemente unter Berücksichtigung des Betriebs des gesamten Trockners und der Gesamtanordnung an Modulen individuell und zeitabhängig durchgeführt werden.With regard to an effective use of the thermal energy present in an exhaust air, an exhaust air duct can have one or more splitting and / or switching elements, preferably splitting and / or switching flaps. By means of such dividing and / or switching elements, a targeted and flexible routing of the exhaust air to modules is possible in which the supply of heat is necessary and / or energetically favorable. Such dividing and / or switching elements can be controlled centrally by means of a suitable controller. In this respect, the individual switching of the dividing and / or switching elements can be carried out individually and as a function of time, taking into account the operation of the entire dryer and the overall arrangement of modules.
Bei Vorliegen einer Heizeinrichtung, die mittels eines Verbrennungsprozesses betrieben wird, kann ein Verbrennungsluftkanal eine Druckausgleichsklappe aufweisen, mit der der Luftdruck oder die Luftdruckverhältnisse im Verbrennungsluftkanal beeinflusst und gesteuert werden kann bzw. können. Beispielsweise bei Vorliegen von für einen gewünschten Verbrennungsprozess zu großen Mengen an Abluft aus beispielsweise einem Abkühlmodul kann durch die Druckausgleichsklappe überschüssige vorliegende oder zugeführte Abluft entweichen. Diese überschüssige Abluft kann beispielsweise in einen Zuluftkanal eines Wärmetauschers zur Vorwärmung von Zuluft für eines der Module geführt werden. Steht keine Abluft aus einem Modul zur Verfügung, kann über die Druckausgleichsklappe Luft für die Heizeinrichtung oder Heizbrenner angesaugt werden.If a heating device is present that is operated by means of a combustion process, a combustion air duct can have a pressure compensation flap with which the air pressure or the air pressure conditions in the combustion air duct can or can be influenced and controlled. For example, when there is too large a quantity of exhaust air for a desired combustion process from, for example, a cooling module, excess exhaust air that is present or supplied can escape through the pressure compensation flap. This excess exhaust air can, for example, be fed into a supply air duct of a heat exchanger to preheat supply air for one of the modules. If there is no exhaust air available from a module, air for the heating device or heating burner can be sucked in via the pressure compensation flap.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann zwischen jeweils zwei Modulen eine Transporteinrichtung angeordnet sein. Dabei kann die Transporteinrichtung vorzugsweise ein Förderband oder eine Rutsche oder eine Rutschrinne aufweisen. Im Falle einer Rutsche oder Rutschrinne ist ein geeigneter Höhenversatz zwischen den Modulen sinnvoll, damit das Trocknungsgut schwerkraftbedingt von einem Modul zum nächsten Modul gelangt. Ggf. kann eine Druckluftunterstützung vorgesehen sein, die einen sicheren Weitertransport des Trocknungsguts gewährleistet. Alternativ zu den vorgenannten Ausführungsformen kann die Transporteinrichtung als interne Mechanik eines Moduls ausgebildet oder in ein Modul integriert sein. Eine derartige Transporteinrichtung oder Mechanik kann das Transportgut zwischen Modulen mittels geeigneten Greif- und/oder Führungselementen bewegen. Bei der Auswahl einer geeigneten Transporteinrichtung kann die erforderliche zu transportierende Menge an Trocknungsgut berücksichtigt werden.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a transport device can be arranged between each two modules. The transport device can preferably have a conveyor belt or a slide or a slide channel. In the case of a chute or chute, a suitable height offset between the modules makes sense so that the material to be dried can move from one module to the next due to gravity. If necessary, compressed air support can be used be provided, which ensures a safe further transport of the material to be dried. As an alternative to the aforementioned embodiments, the transport device can be designed as an internal mechanism of a module or can be integrated into a module. Such a transport device or mechanism can move the goods to be transported between modules by means of suitable gripping and / or guide elements. When selecting a suitable transport device, the required amount of material to be transported can be taken into account.
Im Hinblick auf eine sichere Zuführung des Trocknungsguts zu der Aufnahme kann vor der Aufnahme eine Trocknungsgut-Zuführeinrichtung angeordnet sein, die vorzugsweise eine Wiegeeinrichtung für das Trocknungsgut aufweist. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, dass der Trockner und im Konkreten die Aufnahme mit einer geeigneten Menge an Trocknungsgut beladen wird. Eine Überladung des Trockners kann hierdurch ausgeschlossen werden.With a view to a reliable supply of the items to be dried to the receptacle, a device to be dried can be arranged in front of the receptacle, which preferably has a weighing device for the items to be dried. This ensures that the dryer, and specifically the receptacle, is loaded with a suitable amount of material to be dried. This prevents the dryer from being overloaded.
Je nach Aufgabe - Aufheizen, Trocknen, Kontrollieren oder Abkühlen - kann ein Modul auf individuelle Weise ausgebildet sein. Vorteilhafte Bestandteile der Module können eine Infrarot-Temperaturmesseinrichtung und/oder eine Einrichtung zur Erfassung einer anderen Messgröße zur Bestimmung des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts sein. Ein Aufnahmebereich eines Moduls kann durch eine von einem Motor angetriebene Trommel gebildet sein, die in geeigneter Weise drehgelagert ist. Des Weiteren kann ein Modul einen Ventilator aufweisen, der Luft durch das Trocknungsgut leitet. Die Heizeinrichtung zur Erwärmung der Luft kann ein einem Modul zugeordnetes Heizgerät aufweisen. Dabei kann jedem Modul ein derartiges Heizgerät zugeordnet sein. In besonders vorteilhafter Weise kann mindestens ein Modul und können vorzugsweise mehrere oder alle Module als Takttrockner ausgebildet sein. Derartige Takttrockner sind aus der Praxis bekannt und stellen eine zuverlässige Trocknungseinheit dar, die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung als einzelnes Modul verwendet werden kann.Depending on the task - heating, drying, checking or cooling - a module can be designed in an individual way. Advantageous components of the modules can be an infrared temperature measuring device and / or a device for detecting another measured variable for determining the moisture content of the items to be dried. A receiving area of a module can be formed by a drum driven by a motor, which is rotatably mounted in a suitable manner. Furthermore, a module can have a fan that guides air through the material to be dried. The heating device for heating the air can have a heating device assigned to a module. Such a heater can be assigned to each module. In a particularly advantageous manner, at least one module and preferably several or all modules can be designed as cyclic dryers. Such cyclic dryers are known from practice and represent a reliable drying unit that can be used as a single module within the scope of the present invention.
Im Hinblick auf einen energetisch besonders effizienten Betrieb des Trockners kann der Trockner eine Steuer- oder Regelungseinrichtung aufweisen. Eine derartige Steuer- oder Regelungseinrichtung kann als zentrales Element die Führung und/oder Menge der Zu- und/oder Abluft zu oder von den Modulen und/oder die Erwärmung von Zuluft zu den Modulen und/oder von in einem oder mehreren Modulen befindlicher Luft in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgebbaren Feuchtegehalt des Trocknungsguts steuern oder regeln. Eine derartige Steuerung oder Regelung kann die Schaltung, Öffnung und Schließung von Aufteil- und/oder Umschaltelementen und/oder einer Druckausgleichsklappe umfassen.With regard to an energetically particularly efficient operation of the dryer, the dryer can have a control or regulating device. Such a control or regulating device can be the guide as a central element and / or control or regulate the amount of supply and / or exhaust air to or from the modules and / or the heating of supply air to the modules and / or of air in one or more modules depending on a predeterminable moisture content of the items to be dried. Such a control or regulation can include the switching, opening and closing of dividing and / or switching elements and / or a pressure compensation flap.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner wird durch die Anordnung mehrerer Module quasi ein kaskadierter Trockner bereitgestellt. Dabei kann in einem ersten Modul ein Aufheizen von Trocknungsluft auf ca. 180°C erfolgen. Am Ausgang des Trockners kann beispielsweise eine Temperatur von 120°C vorliegen.In the dryer according to the invention, a cascaded dryer is provided, as it were, by the arrangement of several modules. In a first module, drying air can be heated to approx. 180 ° C. A temperature of 120 ° C. can be present at the exit of the dryer, for example.
Die Zuführung von Luft kann gemäß unterschiedlichen Betriebsprogrammen in Abhängigkeit von der Feuchtigkeit und/oder Art des Trocknungsguts erfolgen.The supply of air can take place according to different operating programs depending on the humidity and / or the type of material to be dried.
Der Aufenthalt des Trocknungsguts in den jeweiligen Modulen kann beispielsweise ca. 4 Minuten betragen, sodass eine Taktung von ca. 4 Minuten vorliegt. Die Trocknungszeit kann dann bei drei Modulen insgesamt ca. 12 Minuten betragen. Anschließend kann noch eine zusätzliche Abkühlzeit geeigneter Dauer vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise 2 Minuten. Diese Zeiten sind jedoch rein beispielhaft zu verstehen und können gemäß individueller Situationen in geeigneter Weise einzeln oder insgesamt verlängert oder verkürzt werden.The length of time the items to be dried remain in the respective modules can be, for example, approx. 4 minutes, so that there is a cycle of approx. 4 minutes. The total drying time for three modules can then be approx. 12 minutes. An additional cooling time of suitable duration can then be provided, for example 2 minutes. However, these times are to be understood purely as examples and can be extended or shortened in a suitable manner individually or in total according to individual situations.
Es gibt nun verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu ist einerseits auf die nachgeordneten Ansprüche und andererseits auf die nachfolgende Erläuterung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung zu verweisen. In Verbindung mit der Erläuterung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung werden auch im Allgemeinen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Lehre erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen
- Fig. 1
- In einer schematischen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Trockners,
- Fig. 2
- in einer schematischen und detaillierteren Darstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel aus
Fig. 1 mit einer mehrere Heizbrenner aufweisenden Heizeinrichtung und - Fig. 3
- in einer schematischen und detaillierteren Darstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel aus
Fig. 1 in einer Variante mit einer elektrisch oder mit Dampf beheizte Heizgeräte aufweisenden Heizeinrichtung.
- Fig. 1
- In a schematic representation, an embodiment of a dryer according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- in a schematic and detailed illustration of the embodiment
Fig. 1 with a heating device having several heating burners and - Fig. 3
- in a schematic and detailed illustration of the embodiment
Fig. 1 in a variant with a heating device having electric or steam-heated heating devices.
Vor dem Modul 1 ist eine Trocknungsgut-Zuführeinrichtung 6 angeordnet, über die das Modul 1 mit dem Trocknungsgut beladen wird. Eine Eingabe des Trocknungsguts in den Trockner erfolgt somit über die Trocknungsgut-Zuführeinrichtung 6. Nach dem Modul 4 erfolgt eine Ausgabe des Trocknungsguts.
Die
In den
Das Modul 1 zum Aufheizen ist im Wesentlichen durch einen bekannten Takttrockner mit Infrarot-Temperaturmessung oder der Erfassung einer anderen Messgröße zur Bestimmung des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts gebildet. Das Trocknungsgut befindet sich in einer drehend gelagerten und von einem Motor angetriebenen Trommel in dem Modul 1. Diese Trommel bildet einen Aufnahmebereich für das Trocknungsgut. Das Modul 1 weist einen Ventilator auf, der Luft im Aufnahmebereich durch das Trocknungsgut leitet. Zum Aufheizen der Luft verfügt das Modul 1 über eine Heizeinrichtung. Diese Heizeinrichtung ist bei dem in
Bei dem in
Bei dem in
Das Modul 2 zum Trocknen entspricht ebenfalls im Wesentlichen einem Takttrockner mit Infrarot-Temperaturmessung oder der Erfassung einer anderen Messgröße zur Bestimmung des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts. Das Trocknungsgut wird in einem oder mehreren dieser Module - es ist möglich mehr als ein Modul 2 zum Trocknen in den Trockner zu integrieren - unter Zufuhr von Energie und einem variablen Zuluftanteil getrocknet. Die Zuluft des Moduls 2 ist dabei die Abluft des jeweils nachfolgenden Moduls, im vorliegenden Fall des Moduls 3 zur Kontrolle des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts.The
Das Modul 3 zur Kontrolle des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts entspricht ebenfalls im Wesentlichen einem Takttrockner mit Infrarot-Temperaturmessung oder der Erfassung einer anderen Messgröße zur Bestimmung des Feuchtegehalts des Trocknungsguts. Das bereits getrocknete Trocknungsgut wird in diesem Modul 3 nachgetrocknet, wenn durch verschiedene Parameter wie Textiltemperatur, Aufheiz- bzw. Abkühlgeschwindigkeit und/oder direkte Abluftfeuchtemessung der Rückschluss auf eine zu hohe Restfeuchte im Trocknungsgut gegeben ist. Die Zuluft des Moduls 3 ist vorgewärmte Zuluft aus einem Wärmetauscher 10. Dieser Wärmetauscher 10 bezieht thermische Energie aus der Abluft der Module 1, 2 und ggf. 3. Des Weiteren kann der Wärmetauscher 10 Wärme aus der Abluft des Moduls 4 beziehen, da die Abluft aus diesem Modul 4 in eine Frischluftzufuhr einkoppelbar oder eingekoppelt ist.The
Das Modul 4 zum Abkühlen ist ebenfalls im Wesentlichen ein Takttrockner, der jedoch im Gegensatz zu den übrigen Modulen 1, 2 und 3 über keine Heizeinrichtung und Umluftklappen verfügt. Die zugeführte Zuluft des Moduls 4 wird dem Aufstellraum oder der Außenluft - von außerhalb einer Gebäudehülle - entnommen. Die Abluft des Moduls 4 dient gemäß
Die Abluft des Moduls 3 wird zu einer Aufteil-/Umschaltklappe 12 geleitet, die die Abluft entweder direkt dem Modul 2 oder dem Wärmetauscher 8 des Moduls 1 zuführt. Es ist auch möglich, die Abluft mittels der Aufteil-/Umschaltklappe 12 teilweise zum Modul 2 und teilweise zum Wärmetauscher 8 zu führen. Die Steuerung der Aufteil-/Umschaltklappe 12 erfolgt in stetig geregelter Weise, wodurch ein geeignetes Öffnen oder Schließen der Aufteil-/Umschaltklappe 12 und ein Aufteilen der Abluft des Moduls 3 bewirkt wird, um ein Übertrocknen oder Hitzeschäden des Trocknungsguts zu vermeiden.The exhaust air from
Das in
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Trockner durchlaufen das Trocknungsgut und ein trocknender Luftstrom die Prozessschritte im Wesentlichen im Gegenstrom. Eine Umladung des Transportguts von einem Modul 1, 2 oder 3 in ein anderes Modul 2, 3 oder 4 erfolgt nach Ablauf einstellbarer Zeiteinheiten oder Zyklen. Die Beladung der Module 1, 2, 3 und 4 erfolgt auf deren Frontseite, die Entladung auf deren Rückseite.In the dryer according to the invention, the material to be dried and a drying air stream pass through the process steps essentially in countercurrent. A transfer of the transported goods from one
Im Modul 1 wird das Trocknungsgut zur Erhaltung einer hohen Feuchte und hoher Wärmeübertragungsleistungen im Umluftprozess erwärmt. Dazu verfügt das Modul 1 über einen integrierten Luft/Luft-Wärmetauscher 8, der auf der einen Seite mit Abluft aus den nachfolgenden Modulen 2 und 3 mit Wärme beaufschlagt wird. Die zugeführte Wärme wird auf der anderen Seite an die Umluft des Moduls 1 abgegeben.In
Reicht die übertragene Wärme für das Erreichen der gewünschten Trocknungsgut-Temperatur nicht aus, wird zusätzliche Energie durch einen Brenner 7 oder Lufterhitzer 9 zugeführt. Wenn ein Brenner 7 zum Einsatz kommt, wird ein notwendiger Anteil der Luft - Abgase der Verbrennung - abgeführt.If the transferred heat is insufficient to achieve the desired drying material temperature, additional energy is supplied by a
Die in der Abluft und/oder den Abgasen aus dem Modul 1 enthaltene Abwärme und die abgekühlte Abluft der Module 2 und 3 werden nach dem Wärmetauscher 8 in einem nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher 10 nochmals abgekühlt. Die hierbei übertragene Wärme wird der Zuluft für das Modul 3 zugeführt.The waste heat contained in the exhaust air and / or the exhaust gases from
Das aufgeheizte Trocknungsgut wird mittels einer internen oder externen Transporteinrichtung 5 in das Modul 2 umgeladen. In dieses Modul 2 wird die Abluft des nachfolgenden Moduls - entweder ein weiteres Modul 2 oder das Modul 3 - zugeführt. Diese heiße Abluft enthält wegen des dort weitgehend abgeschlossenen Trocknungsvorgangs nur wenig Feuchtigkeit und kann im Modul 2 weiter mit Feuchtigkeit beladen werden. Dazu wird zusätzlich Wärmeenergie zugeführt.The heated material to be dried is reloaded into the
Wird in Modul 2 einer der Parameter Trocknungsguttemperatur, Ablufttemperatur und Zulufttemperatur überschritten oder überschreitet die Temperaturdifferenz innerhalb einer vorgebbaren Zeiteinheit - Temperaturerhöhungsgeschwindigkeit - einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert, dann werden die Wärmezufuhr des Brenners 7 oder des Lufterhitzers 9 und die Zuluftzufuhr durch die Aufteil-/Umschaltklappe 12 teilweise oder ganz unterbrochen.If one of the parameters drying material temperature, exhaust air temperature and supply air temperature is exceeded in
Die Abluft aus einem oder mehreren Modulen 2 wird dem vorangehenden Modul 1 oder dem Luft/Luft-Wärmetauscher 8 des Moduls 1 zugeführt. Ein Teil der nach dem Wärmetauscher 8 noch enthaltenen Abwärme in der Abluft wird mittels eines zweiten Luft-/Luft-Wärmetauschers 10 der Zuluft des Moduls 3 zugeführt. Die abgekühlte Abluft wird als Fortluft beispielsweise über Dach abgeführtThe exhaust air from one or
Beim Einsatz von Lufterhitzern 9, die bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen nicht nur elektrisch sondern auch mittels Dampf betrieben werden können, entfallen die Nutzung der Abwärme aus dem Modul 4 in den Brennern 7 und die Komponenten Druckausgleichsklappe 11 und optionaler Regenerator 13 in Form beispielsweise der thermisch aktiven Masse. Die Abluft aus dem Modul 4 wird dann der Zuluft vor dem zweiten Wärmetauscher 10 zugeführt und bei fehlendem Bedarf über den Zuluftkanal abgeführt, wie dies in
Die im Wesentlichen eigenständig geregelten Module 1 bis 4 werden über eine als Steuer- oder Regelungseinrichtung 15 dienende Verbundsteuerung koordiniert. Diese Verbundsteuerung steuert die Be- und Entladevorgänge der Module 1 bis 4, die Steuerung von Bypass-Klappen - beispielsweise die Klappen 11 und 12 - und koordiniert den Energieeinsatz.The essentially independently regulated
Die Entladung der Module 1 bis 4 kann beispielsweise durch ein Kippen der Gesamtanlage bei feststehenden Modulen 1 bis 4 ohne Gebläseunterstützung erfolgen. Des Weiteren ist auch eine einzelne Kippentladung ohne Gebläseunterstützung denkbar. Weiterhin kann eine mit einem Gebläse unterstützte Entladung der feststehenden Module 1 bis 4 erfolgen.The
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform können auch mehrere Varianten zur Wärmezufuhr in einem Trockner realisiert sein. D.h., es können sowohl Brenner 7 als auch elektrische oder dampfbetriebene Lufterhitzer 9 bei einem einzelnen Trockner realisiert sein. Je nach Erfordernis und je nach Aufgabe der einzelnen Module 1 bis 3 kann der eine oder der andere Typ an Heizgerät oder Heizeinrichtung besonders vorteilhaft sein.In a further advantageous embodiment, several variants for supplying heat in a dryer can also be implemented. That is, both
Hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Trockners wird zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf den allgemeinen Teil der Beschreibung sowie auf die beigefügten Ansprüche verwiesen. Schließlich sei ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass die voranstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele lediglich zur Erörterung der beanspruchten Lehre dienen, diese jedoch nicht auf die Ausführungsbeispiele einschränken.With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the dryer according to the invention, reference is made to the general part of the description and to the appended claims in order to avoid repetition. Finally, it should be expressly pointed out that the exemplary embodiments described above only serve to explain the teaching claimed, but do not restrict them to the exemplary embodiments.
- 11
- Modul zum AufheizenModule for heating
- 22
- Modul zum TrocknenModule for drying
- 33
- Modul zur Kontrolle des FeuchtegehaltsModule for controlling the moisture content
- 44th
- Modul zum AbkühlenModule to cool down
- 55
- TransporteinrichtungTransport device
- 66th
- Trocknungsgut-ZuführeinrichtungFeeding device to be dried
- 77th
- Brennerburner
- 88th
- WärmetauscherHeat exchanger
- 99
- LufterhitzerAir heater
- 1010
- WärmetauscherHeat exchanger
- 1111
- DruckausgleichsklappePressure compensation flap
- 1212th
- Aufteil-/UmschaltklappeDistribution / switchover flap
- 1313th
- Regeneratorregenerator
- 1414th
- LuftfilterAir filter
- 1515th
- Steuer- oder RegelungseinrichtungControl or regulating device
Claims (11)
- Dryer for drying goods to be dried for launderettes, having a receiving member for the goods to be dried, an air guide for guiding air to the receiving member and a heating device for heating the air, wherein the receiving member has a plurality of modules (1, 2, 3, 4) which are arranged one after the other for heating, drying or cooling the goods to be dried, and wherein a transport device (5) for further transporting the goods to be dried from this module (1, 2, 3) or from one module (1, 2, 3) to the next module (2, 3, 4) is associated with at least one module (1, 2, 3, 4), characterised in that a module (3) for controlling the moisture content of the goods to be dried, which substantially corresponds to a tumble dryer with infrared temperature measurement or the detection of another measurement variable for determining the moisture content of the goods to be dried, is arranged in front of a module (4) for cooling the goods to be dried.
- Dryer according to claim 1, characterised in that exhaust air of a module (2, 3, 4) or a plurality of modules (2, 3, 4) at least partially forms incoming air of a module (1, 2, 3) which is arranged in front, preferably the module (1, 2, 3) which is arranged directly in front, or a plurality of modules (1, 2, 3) which are arranged in front and/or can be used as combustion air of the heating device.
- Dryer according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that heat of exhaust air of a module (2, 3, 4) or a plurality of modules (2, 3, 4) can be transmitted at least partially to incoming air and/or circulating air of a module (1, 2, 3) which is arranged in front, preferably the module (1, 2, 3) which is arranged directly in front or a plurality of modules (1, 2, 3) which are arranged in front - directly or by means of one or more heat exchangers (8), preferably air/air heat exchangers (8).
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that incoming air of the module (3) for controlling the moisture content of the goods to be dried is at least partially air which is heated by means of a heat exchanger (10), preferably an air/air heat exchanger (10), which draws thermal energy from the exhaust air of a module (1) for heating the goods to be dried and/or from the exhaust air of another module (2, 3) or the module (3) for controlling the moisture content of the goods to be dried itself.
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that incoming air of the module (4) for cooling the goods to be dried can be taken from an installation room or ambient air.
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that an exhaust air channel has one or more distribution and/or switching elements, preferably distribution and/or switching flaps (12).
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a combustion air channel has a pressure compensation flap (11).
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that a transport device (5) is arranged between two modules (1, 2, 3, 4) in each case, wherein the transport device (5) preferably has a conveyor belt or a chute or sliding channel, or in that the transport device (5) is constructed as an internal mechanism of a module (1, 2, 3, 4) or is integrated in a module (1, 2, 3, 4).
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a supply device (6) for goods to be dried is arranged in front of the receiving member, wherein the supply device (6) for goods to be dried preferably has a weighing device for the goods to be dried.
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that at least one module (1, 2, 3, 4) and preferably a plurality or all of the modules (1, 2, 3, 4) is/are constructed as tumble dryers.
- Dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the dryer has a control or regulation device (15) which controls or regulates the guiding and/or quantity of the incoming air and/or exhaust air to or from the modules (1, 2, 3, 4) and/or the heating of incoming air to the modules (1, 2, 3, 4) and/or air which is located in one or more modules (1, 2, 3, 4) in accordance with a predeterminable moisture content of the goods to be dried.
Priority Applications (2)
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DK18197131.8T DK3453796T3 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | Modular air dryer |
EP18197131.8A EP3453796B1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | Modular air dryer |
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DE102015209370.0A DE102015209370B3 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2015-05-21 | dryer |
PCT/DE2016/200219 WO2016184462A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | Modular air drier |
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EP18197131.8A Division-Into EP3453796B1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | Modular air dryer |
EP18197131.8A Division EP3453796B1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | Modular air dryer |
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EP3298190A1 EP3298190A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
EP3298190B1 true EP3298190B1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
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EP16736372.0A Active EP3298190B1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | Modular air drier |
EP18197131.8A Active EP3453796B1 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-11 | Modular air dryer |
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US (1) | US10612183B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3298190B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102103173B1 (en) |
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AU (1) | AU2016263357B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2986607C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015209370B3 (en) |
DK (2) | DK3453796T3 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2895506T3 (en) |
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DE102015209370B3 (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-09-08 | Lavatec Laundry Technology Gmbh | dryer |
DE102018206629A1 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | Lavatec Laundry Technology Gmbh | Dryer and method for operating a dryer |
US20220403582A1 (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-22 | Whirlpool Corporation | Drying Machine With A Sieve In The Drying Circuit |
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US20180209088A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
DE102015209370B3 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
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AU2016263357B2 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
CN107873065A (en) | 2018-04-03 |
US10612183B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
KR102103173B1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
DK3298190T3 (en) | 2021-11-08 |
WO2016184462A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
EP3453796A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
ES2909197T3 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
AU2016263357A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
CA2986607A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
CN107873065B (en) | 2020-12-08 |
CA2986607C (en) | 2021-07-20 |
KR20180011796A (en) | 2018-02-02 |
EP3298190A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
EP3453796B1 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
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