EP2639349B1 - Method for drying laundry and dryer - Google Patents

Method for drying laundry and dryer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2639349B1
EP2639349B1 EP13000720.6A EP13000720A EP2639349B1 EP 2639349 B1 EP2639349 B1 EP 2639349B1 EP 13000720 A EP13000720 A EP 13000720A EP 2639349 B1 EP2639349 B1 EP 2639349B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
burner
fresh air
laundry
fresh
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13000720.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2639349A1 (en
EP2639349A8 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Bringewatt
Engelbert Heinz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
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Application filed by Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co filed Critical Herbert Kannegiesser GmbH and Co
Publication of EP2639349A1 publication Critical patent/EP2639349A1/en
Publication of EP2639349A8 publication Critical patent/EP2639349A8/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2639349B1 publication Critical patent/EP2639349B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/30—Drying processes 
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/32—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/34—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers  characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • D06F58/36—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
    • D06F58/38—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of drying, e.g. to achieve the target humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/001—Heating arrangements using waste heat
    • F26B23/002—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/28—Air properties
    • D06F2103/36—Flow or velocity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/68—Operation mode; Program phase
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/16—Air properties
    • D06F2105/24—Flow or velocity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/28—Electric heating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/30—Blowers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/32—Air flow control means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/26—Heating arrangements, e.g. gas heating equipment
    • D06F58/263—Gas heating equipment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/32—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/34—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers  characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • D06F58/36—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
    • D06F58/38—Control of operational steps, e.g. for optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of drying, e.g. to achieve the target humidity
    • D06F58/40—Control of the initial heating of the drying chamber to its operating temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for drying laundry according to the preamble of claim 1 and a dryer according to the preamble of claim 5.
  • Dryers for commercial laundries have at least one burner, preferably a gas burner, for heating air used for drying.
  • the air heated by the burner is passed through a drum containing the laundry to be dried, preferably drivable in rotation.
  • the air absorbs moisture from the laundry to be dried.
  • the moist air is then passed into the open air as exhaust air and / or fed back to the at least one burner as circulating air and heated again by it.
  • the air leaving the drum contains most of the moisture. This air cannot, or only to a small extent, be reused as circulating air. It must therefore at least for the most part be led out of the dryer. At the beginning of the drying process, therefore, only a small amount of circulating air is used. A lot of fresh air is then fed to the dryer, at least for the most part via the burner. The at least one burner gets enough combustion air through this large proportion of fresh air. At the end of the drying process, the drum only leaves the air with little moisture. Then a relatively large amount of circulating air and only a little fresh air are supplied to the burner. The at least one burner then contains very little fresh air or no fresh air at all. The burner then works uneconomically. In many cases, imperfect combustion with undesirable soot formation can occur.
  • a dryer for drying laundry which has a rotating drivable drum for receiving the laundry to be dried and a Burner features. Air heated by the burner is passed through the drum to dry the laundry. Air used in drying is circulated through the dryer. If necessary, fresh air is supplied by transporting the fresh air to the burner.
  • a method for solving this problem has the measures of claim 1. Accordingly, the fresh air is transported to the at least one burner during at least part of the drying process. By actively transporting the fresh air to the burner, the fresh air is quasi blown or pressed into the burner. The burner is kind of charged with fresh air. The fresh air is only transported to the burner in a drying phase in which a predominant part of the circulating air is returned to the burner. This is based on the knowledge that at the beginning of the drying process, in which less circulating air is used due to the relatively high moisture content of the air used for drying, the at least one burner itself can suck in enough fresh air.
  • An advantageous development of the method provides for the fresh air to be fed to the burner by at least one fan or blower.
  • This type of transport of fresh air to at least one burner is the simplest and most effective way of charging the burner.
  • the fan speed By setting the fan speed the amount of fresh air supplied to the respective burner can be adjusted or controlled according to requirements, so that the respective burner receives as much fresh air as it needs due to the respective proportion of the circulating air.
  • the burner can thus receive the amount of fresh air required for optimal operation of the same in each drying phase, the amount of fresh air being able to be increased, the greater the proportion of the circulating air returned to at least one burner.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method provides, if necessary, also to supply fresh air behind the respective burner to the circulating air heated by the same. This happens before the heated circulating air has reached the laundry to be dried. In this way, the respective burner only needs to be supplied with such an amount of fresh air as is necessary for optimal operation of the same. Any additional fresh air required can be fed directly into the heated circulating air. This also leads to more economical drying.
  • the air flow generator is advantageously assigned to a supply line for fresh air to the respective burner or to a common supply line for all burners.
  • the fresh air can be transported directly through the at least one air flow generator in the at least one feed line to the or each burner.
  • a preferred development of the invention provides for a preferably variable and / or closable feed opening for fresh air that can be admixed with the air heated by the burner to be arranged behind the at least one burner.
  • At least one fan or at least one blower for generating a circulating air flow and / or a closable or variable exhaust air outlet are provided for at least part of the circulating air.
  • the at least one fan can generate a targeted circulating air flow, in particular a circulating air flow with a desired flow rate and / or a desired circulating air flow.
  • the closable or variable exhaust air outlet is used to regulate the proportion of the circulating air that is returned to the at least one burner and is fed back from this after the laundry has been heated. That part of the moist air that is not used as circulating air can be diverted into the open air to remove the moisture that occurs when the laundry is dried in the dryer.
  • the dryer shown schematically in the figures is used for the highly effective and energy-efficient drying of laundry. Such a dryer is mainly used in commercial laundries. In the dryer shown here, air for drying the laundry is heated by a single burner 10.
  • the dryer can, however, also have several burners 10 arranged in parallel or in series.
  • the burner 10 can be either a gas burner or an oil burner.
  • the dryer has an outer housing 11, preferably a closed, box-like housing 11, in which one rotates about a horizontal axis of rotation 12 drivable drum 13, said burner 10, a circulating air fan 14 and below the explained air ducts are arranged.
  • the rotating drivable drum 13 is used to receive the laundry to be dried. It has a loading and unloading opening, not shown.
  • the jacket 15 of the cylindrical drum 13 is made air-permeable so that air used for drying can flow through the drum 13 and the initially moist laundry located therein.
  • the drum 13 is rotatably mounted in a lower compartment 16 of the housing 11.
  • the drum 13 is partially surrounded by air-impermeable arcuate walls 17 and 18 at a small distance from the cylindrical jacket 15.
  • the walls 17 and 18 lie on a concentric circular path around the axis of rotation 12, whereby the air-impermeable walls 17 and 18 surround the cylindrical shell 15 of the drum 13 at a small distance to form a narrow gap 19 between the shell 15 of the drum 13 and the walls 17 and 18.
  • Each of the preferably equally large walls 17 and 18 extends over approximately 120 ° to 150 °, preferably approximately 135 °, of the circumference of the drum 13.
  • the circulating air fan 14 is located in the upper compartment 22 of the housing 11 at a distance from the outer wall 27, which may also be another air flow generator, for example a blower.
  • the burner 10 is arranged approximately in the middle in the upper compartment 22 in such a way that a schematically indicated elongated flame tube 28 for generating several adjacent flames runs parallel to the axis of rotation 12.
  • the axes of the flames run horizontally, specifically transversely to the axis of rotation 12.
  • the burner 10 can also be designed in such a way that it generates only a single horizontal flame which extends transversely to the axis of rotation 12.
  • the burner 10 is enclosed in the upper compartment 22.
  • a rear wall 29 is assigned to the burner 10 on the rear side.
  • Parallel, free edges 32 of the air guide walls 30 and 31 form a preferably elongated, vertical air outlet opening 33 of the housing 11 surrounding the burner 10 from the rear wall 29 and the air guide walls 30 and 31.
  • the air outlet opening 33 which is essentially open over the entire surface, thus forms a slot opening or slot nozzle.
  • the air outlet opening 33 is spaced apart from an outer wall 34 of the housing 11 opposite the outer wall 27 of the housing 11.
  • the upper air ducting wall 30 is also spaced apart from an upper cover wall 35 of the housing 11 of the dryer. Accordingly, the rear wall 29, which extends only up to the upper air guide wall 30, also ends at a distance below the top wall 35 of the housing 11.
  • a circulating air flap 37 is provided in the interior of the upper compartment 22.
  • the circulating air flap 37 can be pivoted about a horizontal pivot axis 38, preferably by a drive (not shown).
  • the circulating air flap 37 can be pivoted so far that on the one hand it completely closes the exhaust air connection 36 in an open position and on the other hand, in a closed position, it extends the free edge 32 of the air duct wall 30 above the burner 10 to the outer wall 34 and thereby seals it. Any intermediate positions of the circulating air flap 37 are possible between the mentioned extreme positions.
  • the above-described design of the housing 11, in particular the lower compartment 16 and the upper compartment 22, allows a targeted air flow to be brought about in the dryer.
  • the air outlet opening 21 opens into a backflow space 39 closed off by the wall 18, the transverse wall 25, the wall 26 and the outer wall 27.
  • the backflow space 39 in the lower compartment 16 is connected to a through an opening in the partition 23, not shown in the figures Backflow space 40 in the upper compartment 22.
  • This backflow space 40 is delimited by the partition 23, the top wall 35, an upper part of the outer wall 27, the rear wall 29 behind the burner 10 and the air ducting wall 30 above the burner 10, which is spaced from the top wall 35.
  • an inflow space 41 is formed between the upper part of the outer wall 34 and the air outlet opening 33 spaced therefrom, the space surrounding the burner 10 between the air guide walls 30 and 31, the transverse walls 24, 25 and the air inlet opening 20 in the Drum 13, an inflow space 41 is formed.
  • the upper compartment 22 and the lower compartment 16 are also connected to one another via the inflow space 41 through a corresponding opening in the partition 23.
  • the return flow space 40 and the inflow space 41 can be separated from one another.
  • a partial connection of the return flow space 40 with the inflow space 41 and a partial release of the exhaust air connection 36 can be set.
  • the burner 10 is assigned an air flow generator.
  • This is in the Fig. 3 represented symbolically.
  • This embodiment is an air flow generator designed as a fan 42.
  • the air flow generator can also be formed by a plurality of fans 42.
  • the fan 42 sucks in fresh air outside the housing 11 of the dryer through a suction opening (not shown) and transports it to the burner 10, preferably into the burner 10.
  • the lateral arrangement of the fan 42 next to the housing 11 is supply air or fresh air from the fan in the direction transported or blown into the housing 11 parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum 13.
  • the fresh air transported into the housing by the fan 42 reaches the interior of the burner 10, for which purpose it flows through the housing surrounding the burner 10.
  • the fresh air can be transported through the elongated flame tube 28, specifically preferably together with the gas to be burned by the burner 10. It is also conceivable, however, to feed the supply air or fresh air transported by the fan 42 into the interior of the burner 10 outside the flame tube 28 or around the burner 10.
  • the fan 42 can be driven by an electric motor 43, for example.
  • the speed of the electric motor 43 can preferably be changed or controlled or regulated.
  • the throughput of fresh air or supply air through the fan 42 can be changed and thus adapted to requirements.
  • a desired flow of fresh air can thereby be transported to the burner 10.
  • a fresh air connector which is arranged in a wall of the housing 11 and is not shown in the figures opens into the inflow space 41 behind the air outlet opening 33 between the air guide walls 30 and 31, seen in the flow direction.
  • the opening of the fresh air connection is preferably variable in cross section. It is also conceivable that the fresh air connection can be completely shut off. Additional fresh air can be supplied to the inflow space 41 via the fresh air connection behind the burner 10 and / or outside the burner 10 in the flow direction. The amount of fresh air is variable by changing the cross section of the fresh air connection.
  • the fresh air supply via the fresh air connection can also be completely interrupted.
  • the drying process begins with the supply of air 44 heated by the burner 10 through the inflow space 41 and the air inlet opening 20 to the rotatably driven drum 13, in which the laundry to be dried is located.
  • the air 44 flows along the laundry that is initially very damp, the air absorbs a great deal of moisture.
  • relatively moist air 45 leaves the drum 13 through the air outlet opening 21.
  • the moist air 45 flows through the return flow space 39 in the lower part 16 into the return flow space 40 in the upper compartment 22, where it is transported on by the circulating air fan 14.
  • the moist air 45 which contains a high proportion of moisture at the beginning of the drying process, is initially discharged completely or for the most part with the circulating air flap 37 completely or almost completely closed through the exhaust air nozzle 36 from the housing 11 of the dryer as exhaust air 46.
  • Fresh air is supplied to the dryer from outside as a replacement for the exhaust air 46 removed. This takes place mainly through the burner 11, where the fresh air supplied from the outside serves as combustion air. This fresh air is initially drawn in automatically by the burner 10.
  • it can also be provided in this drying stage to transport fresh air to the burner 10 by the fan 42. Additionally or alternatively, further fresh air can be fed directly to the inflow space 41 downstream of the burner 10, if required.
  • the moisture content in the moist air 45 decreases.
  • Part of the moist air 45 is then fed as circulating air past the burner 10 and / or through the burner 10 to the drum 13 with the laundry to be dried.
  • the circulating air flap 37 is partially opened by pivoting it clockwise (based on the illustration in FIG Fig. 2 ) around the pivot axis 38.
  • the circulating air flap 37 is opened so far that the desired circulating air flow is established, i.e. a specific portion of the moist air 45 is fed back to the drum 13 as circulating air 47 and the remaining portion of the moist air 45 through the exhaust air connection 36 is passed as exhaust air 46 into the open.
  • Circulating air 47 is used in dryers, especially those for commercial laundries, in order to reuse the thermal energy in the moist air 45 and not have to reheat so much cold fresh air. For this reason, the proportion of circulating air 47 is successively increased as the drying time increases. To this end, the circulating air flap 37 is gradually opened further so that it closes the exhaust air nozzle 36 more and more and moist air 45 containing little residual heat escapes through the exhaust air nozzle 36 into the open air.
  • the moist air 45 used as circulating air 47 can be wholly or partly passed through the burner 10 with the fresh air transported by the fan 45 to the burner 10. If the humid air 45 used as circulating air is only partially passed through the burner 10, part of the humid air 45 is also passed as circulating air past the burner 10 in order to be in front of the air outlet opening 33 with the air 44 and / or heated by the burner 10 To unite circulating air, so that the circulating air 47 and the from Burner 10 heated, also formed from circulating air 47, heated air 44 can be fed back through the inflow space 41 to the drum 13 of the laundry as a whole.
  • the quantity of the fresh air transported from the fan 42 to the burner 10 and through it can be changed by controlling the speed of the fan 42 accordingly. This makes it possible to change both the fresh air flow to and through the burner 10 and the pressure of the fresh air . In this way, the burner 10 can be charged or inflated to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the proportion of the circulating air 47.
  • the fan 42 can be completely switched off at the beginning of the drying process when working with little circulating air 47, so that the burner 10 then automatically draws in the necessary fresh air. Only when the proportion of circulating air increases, in particular predominantly or only circulating air 47 is used, the fan 42 is started up, so that fresh air is then preferably transported under pressure to the burner 10 or blown into the burner 10, the pressure and / or the amount of fresh air that is transported by the fan 42 to the burner 10 increases continuously with the increase in the proportion of the circulating air 47. In the event that the dryer is operated only with circulating air 47, the fresh air flow and / or the pressure of the fresh air reach a maximum through corresponding operation of the fan 42.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Trocknen von Wäsche gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie einen Trockner gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5.The invention relates to a method for drying laundry according to the preamble of claim 1 and a dryer according to the preamble of claim 5.

Trockner für gewerbliche Wäschereien verfügen über mindestens einen Brenner, vorzugsweise einen Gasbrenner, zum Erhitzen von zum Trocknen dienender Luft. Die vom Brenner erhitzte Luft wird durch eine die zu trocknende Wäsche beinhaltende, vorzugsweise drehend antreibbare Trommel geleitet. Dabei nimmt die Luft Feuchtigkeit aus der zu trocknenden Wäsche auf. Die feuchte Luft wird danach als Abluft ins Freie geleitet und/ oder als Umluft dem mindestens einen Brenner wieder zugeführt und von diesem erneut erhitzt.Dryers for commercial laundries have at least one burner, preferably a gas burner, for heating air used for drying. The air heated by the burner is passed through a drum containing the laundry to be dried, preferably drivable in rotation. The air absorbs moisture from the laundry to be dried. The moist air is then passed into the open air as exhaust air and / or fed back to the at least one burner as circulating air and heated again by it.

Zu Beginn der Trocknung enthält die die Trommel verlassende Luft die meiste Feuchtigkeit. Diese Luft kann nicht oder nur zu einem geringen Teil als Umluft wiederverwendet werden. Sie muss deshalb Mindestens größtenteils aus dem Trockner herausgeführt werden. Zu Beginn der Trocknung wird daher nur wenig Umluft gefahren. Dann wird viel Frischluft zumindest größtenteils über den Brenner dem Trockner zugeführt. Durch diesen recht großen Anteil der Frischluft bekommt der mindestens eine Brenner genügend Verbrennungsluft. Zum Schluss des Trocknungsvorgangs verlässt die Trommel nur noch wenig Feuchtigkeit aufweisende Luft. Dann werden verhältnismäßig viel Umluft und nur noch wenig Frischluft dem Brenner zugeführt. Dann enthält der mindestens eine Brenner nur noch sehr wenig Frischluft oder gar keine Frischluft. Der Brenner arbeitet dann unwirtschaftlich. In vielen Fällen kann es zu einer unvollkommenen Verbrennung mit einer unerwünschten Rußbildung kommen.At the beginning of the drying process, the air leaving the drum contains most of the moisture. This air cannot, or only to a small extent, be reused as circulating air. It must therefore at least for the most part be led out of the dryer. At the beginning of the drying process, therefore, only a small amount of circulating air is used. A lot of fresh air is then fed to the dryer, at least for the most part via the burner. The at least one burner gets enough combustion air through this large proportion of fresh air. At the end of the drying process, the drum only leaves the air with little moisture. Then a relatively large amount of circulating air and only a little fresh air are supplied to the burner. The at least one burner then contains very little fresh air or no fresh air at all. The burner then works uneconomically. In many cases, imperfect combustion with undesirable soot formation can occur.

Aus der US 3 882 613 A ist ein Trockner zum Trocknen von Wäsche bekannt, der über eine drehend antreibbare Trommel zur Aufnahme der zu trocknenden Wäsche und einen Brenner verfügt. Vom Brenner erhitzte Luft wird zum Trocknen der Wäsche durch die Trommel geleitet. Beim Trocknen verwendete Luft wird als Umluft durch den Trockner geführt. Bei Bedarf wird Frischluft zugeführt, indem die Frischluft zum Brenner transportiert wird.From the U.S. 3,882,613 A a dryer for drying laundry is known, which has a rotating drivable drum for receiving the laundry to be dried and a Burner features. Air heated by the burner is passed through the drum to dry the laundry. Air used in drying is circulated through the dryer. If necessary, fresh air is supplied by transporting the fresh air to the burner.

Aus der JP H04 300600 A ist ein Trockner für Wäsche bekannt, der ebenfalls eine die zu trocknende Wäsche aufnehmende Trommel und ein Brenner zum Erhitzen der zum Trocknen dienenden Luft aufweist. Dem Brenner ist ein Luftströmungserzeuger zugeordnet, der dazu dient, Frischluft zum Brenner zu transportieren. Der Luftströmungserzeuger wird in diesem Dokument von einem drehzahlveränderlichen Motor angetrieben.From the JP H04 300 600 A a dryer for laundry is known which also has a drum receiving the laundry to be dried and a burner for heating the air used for drying. An air flow generator, which is used to transport fresh air to the burner, is assigned to the burner. In this document, the air flow generator is driven by a variable-speed motor.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Trocknen von Wäsche und einen Trockner zu schaffen, die wirtschaftlich und ohne nachteilige Einflüsse auf die Verbrennung mit einem relativ großen Umluftanteil oder nur Umluft betreibbar sind.The invention is based on the object of creating a method for drying laundry and a dryer which can be operated economically and without adverse effects on the combustion with a relatively large proportion of circulating air or only circulating air.

Ein Verfahren zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe weist die Maßnahmen des Anspruchs 1 auf. Demnach wird mindestens während eines Teils des Trocknungsverlaufs die Frischluft zum wenigstens einen Brenner transportiert. Durch den aktiven Transport der Frischluft zum Brenner wird die Frischluft quasi in den Brenner hineingeblasen bzw. hineingedrückt. Es erfolgt eine Art Aufladung des Brenners mit Frischluft. Dabei wird die Frischluft nur in einer solchen Phase der Trocknung, in der ein überwiegender Teil der Umluft zum Brenner zurückgeführt wird, zum Brenner transportiert. Dem liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass zu Anfang des Trocknungsvorgangs, bei dem wegen des relativ hohen Feuchtegehalts der zum Trocknen verwendeten Luft mit weniger Umluft gearbeitet wird, der mindestens eine Brenner selbst genügend Frischluft ansaugen kann. Das ist mit zunehmendem Umluftanteil nicht mehr der Fall, so dass dann die Frischluft aktiv zum jeweiligen Brenner transportiert und dadurch mit Druck sozusagen in den Brenner hineingedrückt wird zum Aufladen oder Aufblasen desselben. Die Frischluft braucht dadurch nur in eine Endphase des Trocknungsvorgangs zum jeweiligen Brenner transportiert zu werden. Dadurch wird der Brenner auch dann mit ausreichender Frischluft versorgt, wenn die Umluft vollständig oder größtenteils zum mindestens einen Brenner zurückgeführt wird, ohne dass es sich nachteilig auf die Verbrennung auswirkt. Dadurch kann das Trocknen mit mehr Umluft als bisher erfolgen. Dadurch schafft das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eine wirtschaftlichere Trocknung.A method for solving this problem has the measures of claim 1. Accordingly, the fresh air is transported to the at least one burner during at least part of the drying process. By actively transporting the fresh air to the burner, the fresh air is quasi blown or pressed into the burner. The burner is kind of charged with fresh air. The fresh air is only transported to the burner in a drying phase in which a predominant part of the circulating air is returned to the burner. This is based on the knowledge that at the beginning of the drying process, in which less circulating air is used due to the relatively high moisture content of the air used for drying, the at least one burner itself can suck in enough fresh air. This is no longer the case with an increasing proportion of circulating air, so that the fresh air is then actively transported to the respective burner and thus pressed into the burner with pressure, so to speak, in order to charge or inflate it. The fresh air only needs to be transported to the respective burner in one final phase of the drying process. As a result, the burner is also supplied with sufficient fresh air when the circulating air is completely or largely returned to the at least one burner without adversely affecting the combustion. This means that drying can be carried out with more circulating air than before. The method according to the invention thereby creates more economical drying.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des Verfahrens sieht es vor, die Frischluft durch mindestens einen Ventilator oder ein Gebläse, dem Brenner zuzuführen. Diese Art des Transports der Frischluft zum mindestens einen Brenner stellt die einfachste und wirkungsvollste Aufladung des Brenners dar. Durch die Einstellung der Ventilatordrehzahl kann die Menge der dem jeweiligen Brenner zugeführten Frischluft den Bedürfnissen entsprechend eingestellt bzw. gesteuert werden, so dass der jeweilige Brenner so viel Frischluft erhält, wie er aufgrund des jeweiligen Anteils der Umluft benötigt. Der Brenner kann so die zum in jeder Trocknungsphase optimalen Betrieb desselben benötigte Menge an Frischluft erhalten, wobei die Menge der Frischluft gesteigert werden kann, je größer der Anteil der zu mindestens einem Brenner zurückgeführten Umluft wird.An advantageous development of the method provides for the fresh air to be fed to the burner by at least one fan or blower. This type of transport of fresh air to at least one burner is the simplest and most effective way of charging the burner. By setting the fan speed the amount of fresh air supplied to the respective burner can be adjusted or controlled according to requirements, so that the respective burner receives as much fresh air as it needs due to the respective proportion of the circulating air. The burner can thus receive the amount of fresh air required for optimal operation of the same in each drying phase, the amount of fresh air being able to be increased, the greater the proportion of the circulating air returned to at least one burner.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens sieht es vor, bedarfsweise auch Frischluft hinter dem jeweiligen Brenner der von demselben erwärmten Umluft zuzuführen. Dieses geschieht, bevor die erwärmte Umluft die zu trocknende Wäsche erreicht hat. Auf diese Weise braucht dem jeweiligen Brenner nur eine solche Menge an Frischluft zugeführt zu werden, die zum optimalen Betrieb desselben erforderlich ist. Darüber hinaus benötigte Frischluft kann der erwärmten Umluft direkt zugeführt werden. Auch das führt zur wirtschaftlicheren Trocknung.A further advantageous embodiment of the method provides, if necessary, also to supply fresh air behind the respective burner to the circulating air heated by the same. This happens before the heated circulating air has reached the laundry to be dried. In this way, the respective burner only needs to be supplied with such an amount of fresh air as is necessary for optimal operation of the same. Any additional fresh air required can be fed directly into the heated circulating air. This also leads to more economical drying.

Ein Trockner zur Lösung der eingangs genannten Aufgabe weist die Merkmale des Anspruchs 5 auf. Bei diesem Trockner ist es vorgesehen, dem mindestens einen Brenner einen Luftströmungserzeuger zum Transport von Frischluft zum Brenner zuzuordnen. Der mindestens eine Luftströmungserzeuger sorgt für eine quasi zwangsweise Versorgung des Brenners mit Frischluft, indem der Luftströmungserzeuger Frischluft in den Brenner quasi hineinpumpt und/oder hineindrückt, und zwar insbesondere dann, wenn aufgrund eines relativ großen Umluftanteils der Brenner sich die zur optimalen Verbrennung erforderliche Frischluft nicht mehr selbsttätig ansaugen kann.A dryer for solving the problem mentioned at the beginning has the features of claim 5. In this dryer it is provided that the at least one burner is assigned an air flow generator for transporting fresh air to the burner. The at least one air flow generator ensures an almost compulsory supply of fresh air to the burner, in that the air flow generator virtually pumps and / or presses fresh air into the burner, in particular if the fresh air required for optimal combustion is not available due to a relatively large proportion of circulating air in the burner can suck in more automatically.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Luftströmungserzeuger einer Zuleitung für Frischluft zum jeweiligen Brenner oder einer gemeinsamen Zuleitung für alle Brenner zugeordnet. Die Frischluft kann durch den mindestens einen Luftströmungserzeuger in der wenigstens einen Zuleitung zu dem oder jedem Brenner direkt transportiert werden.The air flow generator is advantageously assigned to a supply line for fresh air to the respective burner or to a common supply line for all burners. The fresh air can be transported directly through the at least one air flow generator in the at least one feed line to the or each burner.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Trockners sieht es vor, dass der mindestens eine Luftströmungserzeuger zur Erzeugung eines variablen Frischluftstroms zum Brenner ausgebildet ist. Dadurch kann die Frischluft den Bedürfnissen entsprechend eingestellt bzw. gesteuert werden. Zum jeweiligen Brenner wird dadurch eine ausreichende Menge Frischluft zum optimalen Betrieb, insbesondere zur optimalen Verbrennung, zugeführt.Another advantageous embodiment of the dryer provides that the at least one air flow generator is designed to generate a variable fresh air flow to the burner. As a result, the fresh air can be adjusted or controlled according to requirements. A sufficient amount of fresh air is thus supplied to the respective burner for optimal operation, in particular for optimal combustion.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Trockners ist der Luftströmungserzeuger als mindestens ein Ventilator ausgebildet. Sind mehrere Brenner vorhanden, ist bevorzugt jedem Brenner ein eigener Ventilator zugeordnet, obwohl auch ein Ventilator allen Brennern gemeinsam zugeordnet sein kann. Dadurch kann jeder Brenner gezielt und erforderlichenfalls individuell mit Frischluft in ausreichender Menge versorgt werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the dryer, the air flow generator is designed as at least one fan. If there are several burners, each burner is preferably assigned its own fan, although one fan is also assigned to all Burners can be assigned together. As a result, each burner can be supplied with fresh air in sufficient quantities in a targeted and, if necessary, individual manner.

Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht es vor, hinter dem mindestens einen Brenner eine vorzugsweise variable und/oder verschließbare Zuführöffnung für der vom Brenner erwärmten Luft zumischbare Frischluft anzuordnen.A preferred development of the invention provides for a preferably variable and / or closable feed opening for fresh air that can be admixed with the air heated by the burner to be arranged behind the at least one burner.

Bevorzugt kann es vorgesehen sein, dass mindestens ein Ventilator oder mindestens ein Gebläse zur Erzeugung einer Umluftströmung und/oder ein verschließbarer bzw. variabler Abluftauslass für wenigstens einen Teil der Umluft vorgesehen sind. Der mindestens eine Ventilator kann eine gezielte Umluftströmung, insbesondere eine Umluftströmung mit einer gewünschten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und/oder einem gewünschten Umluftstrom, erzeugen. Der verschließbare bzw. variable Abluftauslass dient zur Regulierung des Anteils der Umluft, die zum mindestens einen Brenner zurückgeführt und von diesem nach dem Erwärmen der Wäsche wieder zugeführt wird. Derjenige Teil der feuchten Luft, der nicht als Umluft verwendet wird, kann ins Freie abgeleitet werden zum Abtransport der beim Trocknen der Wäsche im Trockner anfallenden Feuchtigkeit.It can preferably be provided that at least one fan or at least one blower for generating a circulating air flow and / or a closable or variable exhaust air outlet are provided for at least part of the circulating air. The at least one fan can generate a targeted circulating air flow, in particular a circulating air flow with a desired flow rate and / or a desired circulating air flow. The closable or variable exhaust air outlet is used to regulate the proportion of the circulating air that is returned to the at least one burner and is fed back from this after the laundry has been heated. That part of the moist air that is not used as circulating air can be diverted into the open air to remove the moisture that occurs when the laundry is dried in the dryer.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch einen Trockner,
Fig. 2
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch den Trockner gemäß der Fig. 1 mit Pfeilen zur Verdeutlichung der Luftströmungen, und
Fig. 3
einen schematischen horizontalen Schnitt III-III durch einen oberen Teil des Trockners im Bereich eines Brenners.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In this show:
Fig. 1
a schematic cross section through a dryer,
Fig. 2
a schematic cross section through the dryer according to FIG Fig. 1 with arrows to clarify the air currents, and
Fig. 3
a schematic horizontal section III-III through an upper part of the dryer in the area of a burner.

Der in den Figuren schematisch dargestellte Trockner dient zum hochwirksamen und energieeffizienten Trocknen von Wäsche. Ein solcher Trockner findet vor allem in gewerblichen Wäschereien Verwendung. Beim hier gezeigten Trockner wird Luft zum Trocknen der Wäsche erhitzt durch einen einzigen Brenner 10. Der Trockner kann aber auch mehrere parallel oder in Reihe angeordnete Brenner 10 aufweisen. Beim Brenner 10 kann es sich sowohl um einen Gasbrenner als auch um einen Ölbrenner handeln.The dryer shown schematically in the figures is used for the highly effective and energy-efficient drying of laundry. Such a dryer is mainly used in commercial laundries. In the dryer shown here, air for drying the laundry is heated by a single burner 10. The dryer can, however, also have several burners 10 arranged in parallel or in series. The burner 10 can be either a gas burner or an oil burner.

Der Trockner verfügt über ein äußeres Gehäuse 11, vorzugsweise ein geschlossenes, kastenartiges Gehäuse 11, in dem eine um eine horizontale Drehachse 12 drehend antreibbare Trommel 13, der genannte Brenner 10, ein Umluftventilator 14 und weiter unten die erläuterten Luftführungskanäle angeordnet sind.The dryer has an outer housing 11, preferably a closed, box-like housing 11, in which one rotates about a horizontal axis of rotation 12 drivable drum 13, said burner 10, a circulating air fan 14 and below the explained air ducts are arranged.

Die drehend antreibbare Trommel 13 dient zur Aufnahme der zu trocknenden Wäsche. Sie verfügt über eine nicht gezeigte Be- und Entladeöffnung. Insbesondere der Mantel 15 der zylindrischen Trommel 13 ist luftdurchlässig ausgebildet, damit zum Trocknen dienende Luft durch die Trommel 13 und die sich darin befindliche, anfangsfeuchte Wäsche strömen kann. Die Trommel 13 ist drehbar in einem unteren Abteil 16 des Gehäuses 11 gelagert.The rotating drivable drum 13 is used to receive the laundry to be dried. It has a loading and unloading opening, not shown. In particular, the jacket 15 of the cylindrical drum 13 is made air-permeable so that air used for drying can flow through the drum 13 and the initially moist laundry located therein. The drum 13 is rotatably mounted in a lower compartment 16 of the housing 11.

Die Trommel 13 ist mit geringem Abstand vom zylindrischen Mantel 15 teilweise von luftundurchlässigen bogenförmigen Wandungen 17 und 18 umgeben. Die Wandungen 17 und 18 liegen auf einer konzentrisch um die Drehachse 12 verlaufenden Kreisbahn, wodurch die luftundurchlässigen Wandungen 17 und 18 den zylindrischen Mantel 15 der Trommel 13 mit geringem Abstand umgeben zur Bildung eines schmalen Spalts 19 zwischen dem Mantel 15 der Trommel 13 und den Wandungen 17 bzw. 18. Jede der vorzugsweise gleich großen Wandungen 17 und 18 erstreckt sich über etwa 120° bis 150°, vorzugsweise etwa 135°, des Umfangs der Trommel 13. Auf diese Weise entstehen zwischen parallel zur Drehachse 12 verlaufenden Querrändern unterschiedlicher Wandungen 17 und 18 von denselben freigelassene, vorzugsweise diametral gegenüberliegende Öffnungen, und zwar eine obere Lufteintrittsöffnung 20 und eine untere Luftaustrittsöffnung 21. Zueinander gerichtete, beabstandete Querränder der Wandungen 17 und 18 sind im Bereich der Lufteintrittsöffnung 20 zu einer das untere Abteil 16 zu einem darüber liegenden oberen Abteil 22 abgrenzenden horizontalen Trennwand 23 abgedichtet durch Querwände 24 und 25. Außerdem ist ein unterer Querrand der in der Fig. 1 rechten Wandung 17 durch eine horizontale Wand 26 zur nächstliegenden (linken) Außenwand 27 des Gehäuses 11 abgetrennt.The drum 13 is partially surrounded by air-impermeable arcuate walls 17 and 18 at a small distance from the cylindrical jacket 15. The walls 17 and 18 lie on a concentric circular path around the axis of rotation 12, whereby the air-impermeable walls 17 and 18 surround the cylindrical shell 15 of the drum 13 at a small distance to form a narrow gap 19 between the shell 15 of the drum 13 and the walls 17 and 18. Each of the preferably equally large walls 17 and 18 extends over approximately 120 ° to 150 °, preferably approximately 135 °, of the circumference of the drum 13. In this way, different walls 17 and 17 are created between transverse edges running parallel to the axis of rotation 12 18, preferably diametrically opposed, openings left free by the same, namely an upper air inlet opening 20 and a lower air outlet opening 21 22 delimiting horizontal partition 23 covered Htet through transverse walls 24 and 25. There is also a lower transverse edge in the Fig. 1 right wall 17 separated by a horizontal wall 26 to the nearest (left) outer wall 27 of the housing 11.

Im oberen Abteil 22 des Gehäuses 11 befindet sich beabstandet von der Außenwand 27 der Umluftventilator 14, wobei es sich auch um einen anderen Luftströmungserzeuger, beispielsweise ein Gebläse, handeln kann. Neben dem Umluftventilator 14 ist im oberen Abteil 22 etwa mittig der Brenner 10 angeordnet, und zwar so, dass ein schematisch angedeutetes längliches Flammrohr 28 zur Erzeugung mehrerer nebeneinanderliegender Flammen parallel zur Drehachse 12 verläuft. Die Achsen der Flammen verlaufen horizontal, und zwar quer zur Drehachse 12. Alternativ kann der Brenner 10 auch so ausgebildet sein, dass er nur eine einzige horizontale Flamme erzeugt, die sich quer zur Drehachse 12 erstreckt.The circulating air fan 14 is located in the upper compartment 22 of the housing 11 at a distance from the outer wall 27, which may also be another air flow generator, for example a blower. In addition to the circulating air fan 14, the burner 10 is arranged approximately in the middle in the upper compartment 22 in such a way that a schematically indicated elongated flame tube 28 for generating several adjacent flames runs parallel to the axis of rotation 12. The axes of the flames run horizontally, specifically transversely to the axis of rotation 12. Alternatively, the burner 10 can also be designed in such a way that it generates only a single horizontal flame which extends transversely to the axis of rotation 12.

Der Brenner 10 ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel im oberen Abteil 22 eingehaust. Dazu ist dem Brenner 10 an der Rückseite eine Rückwand 29 zugeordnet. Oberhalb und unterhalb des Brenners 10 befinden sich parallele, horizontale Luftführungswandungen 30, 31, die beide mit der Rückwand 29 verbunden sind. Parallele, freie Kanten 32 der Luftführungswandungen 30 und 31 bilden eine vorzugsweise längliche, vertikale Luftaustrittsöffnung 33 des den Brenner 10 umgebenden Gehäuses 11 aus der Rückwand 29 und den Luftführungswandungen 30 und 31. Die im Wesentlichen vollflächig offene Luftaustrittsöffnung 33 bildet so eine Breitschlitzöffnung oder Breitschlitzdüse. Die Luftaustrittsöffnung 33 ist von einer der Außenwand 27 des Gehäuses 11 gegenüberliegenden Außenwand 34 des Gehäuses 11 beabstandet. Ebenso ist die obere Luftführungswandung 30 von einer oberen Deckwand 35 des Gehäuses 11 des Trockners beabstandet. Demzufolge endet die sich nur bis zur oberen Luftführungswandung 30 erstreckende Rückwand 29 auch mit Abstand unter der Deckwand 35 des Gehäuses 11.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the burner 10 is enclosed in the upper compartment 22. For this purpose, a rear wall 29 is assigned to the burner 10 on the rear side. Above and below the burner 10 there are parallel, horizontal air guide walls 30, 31, both of which are connected to the rear wall 29. Parallel, free edges 32 of the air guide walls 30 and 31 form a preferably elongated, vertical air outlet opening 33 of the housing 11 surrounding the burner 10 from the rear wall 29 and the air guide walls 30 and 31. The air outlet opening 33, which is essentially open over the entire surface, thus forms a slot opening or slot nozzle. The air outlet opening 33 is spaced apart from an outer wall 34 of the housing 11 opposite the outer wall 27 of the housing 11. The upper air ducting wall 30 is also spaced apart from an upper cover wall 35 of the housing 11 of the dryer. Accordingly, the rear wall 29, which extends only up to the upper air guide wall 30, also ends at a distance below the top wall 35 of the housing 11.

In einem abgeschrägten oberen, rechten Eckbereich zwischen der horizontalen Deckwand 35 und der vertikalen (rechten) Außenwand 34 befindet sich ein Abluftstutzen 36. Unter dem Abluftstutzen 36 ist im Inneren des oberen Abteils 22 eine Umluftklappe 37 vorgesehen. Die Umluftklappe 37 ist um eine horizontale Schwenkachse 38 verschwenkbar, vorzugsweise durch einen nicht gezeigten Antrieb. Die Umluftklappe 37 ist so weit verschwenkbar, dass sie einerseits den Abluftstutzen 36 in einer geöffneten Stellung vollständig verschließt und andererseits in einer Schließstellung die freie Kante 32 der Luftführungswandung 30 über dem Brenner 10 zur Außenwand 34 hin verlängert und dadurch abdichtet. Zwischen den genannten Extremstellungen sind beliebige Zwischenstellungen der Umluftklappe 37 möglich.In a beveled upper right corner area between the horizontal top wall 35 and the vertical (right) outer wall 34 there is an exhaust air nozzle 36. Below the exhaust air nozzle 36, a circulating air flap 37 is provided in the interior of the upper compartment 22. The circulating air flap 37 can be pivoted about a horizontal pivot axis 38, preferably by a drive (not shown). The circulating air flap 37 can be pivoted so far that on the one hand it completely closes the exhaust air connection 36 in an open position and on the other hand, in a closed position, it extends the free edge 32 of the air duct wall 30 above the burner 10 to the outer wall 34 and thereby seals it. Any intermediate positions of the circulating air flap 37 are possible between the mentioned extreme positions.

Durch die vorstehend beschriebene Ausbildung des Gehäuses 11, insbesondere des unteren Abteils 16 und des oberen Abteils 22, kann im Trockner eine gezielte Luftströmung herbeigeführt werden. So mündet die Luftaustrittsöffnung 21 in einem von der Wandung 18, der Querwand 25, der Wand 26 und der Außenwand 27 abgeschlossenen Rückströmraum 39. Durch eine in den Figuren nicht gezeigte Öffnung in der Trennwand 23 ist der Rückströmraum 39 im unteren Abteil 16 verbunden mit einem Rückströmraum 40 im oberen Abteil 22. Dieser Rückströmraum 40 ist begrenzt durch die Trennwand 23, die Deckwand 35, einen oberen Teil der Außenwand 27, die Rückwand 29 hinter dem Brenner 10 und die von der Deckwand 35 beabstandete Luftführungswandung 30 über dem Brenner 10.The above-described design of the housing 11, in particular the lower compartment 16 and the upper compartment 22, allows a targeted air flow to be brought about in the dryer. The air outlet opening 21 opens into a backflow space 39 closed off by the wall 18, the transverse wall 25, the wall 26 and the outer wall 27. The backflow space 39 in the lower compartment 16 is connected to a through an opening in the partition 23, not shown in the figures Backflow space 40 in the upper compartment 22. This backflow space 40 is delimited by the partition 23, the top wall 35, an upper part of the outer wall 27, the rear wall 29 behind the burner 10 and the air ducting wall 30 above the burner 10, which is spaced from the top wall 35.

Zwischen dem oberen Teil der Außenwand 34 und der hiervon beabstandeten Luftaustrittsöffnung 33, dem den Brenner 10 umgebenden Raum zwischen den Luftführungswandungen 30 und 31, den Querwänden 24, 25 und der Lufteintrittsöffnung 20 in die Trommel 13 ist ein Zuströmraum 41 gebildet. Über den Zuströmraum 41 sind durch eine entsprechende Öffnung in der Trennwand 23 auch das obere Abteil 22 und das untere Abteil 16 miteinander verbunden. Bei geschlossener Umluftklappe 37 können der Rückströmraum 40 und der Zuströmraum 41 voneinander getrennt werden. Durch die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Mittel-stellung der Umluftklappe 37 ist eine teilweise Verbindung des Rückströmraums 40 mit dem Zuströmraum 41 und eine teilweise Freigabe des Abluftstutzens 36 einstellbar.Between the upper part of the outer wall 34 and the air outlet opening 33 spaced therefrom, the space surrounding the burner 10 between the air guide walls 30 and 31, the transverse walls 24, 25 and the air inlet opening 20 in the Drum 13, an inflow space 41 is formed. The upper compartment 22 and the lower compartment 16 are also connected to one another via the inflow space 41 through a corresponding opening in the partition 23. When the circulating air flap 37 is closed, the return flow space 40 and the inflow space 41 can be separated from one another. Through the in the Fig. 1 A partial connection of the return flow space 40 with the inflow space 41 and a partial release of the exhaust air connection 36 can be set.

Erfindungsgemäß ist dem Brenner 10 ein Luftströmungserzeuger zugeordnet. Dieser ist in der Fig. 3 symbolisch dargestellt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich um einen als Ventilator 42 ausgebildeten Luftströmungserzeuger. Der Luftströmungserzeuger kann auch von mehreren Ventilatoren 42 gebildet sein. Der Ventilator 42 saugt durch eine nicht gezeigte Ansaugöffnung Frischluft außerhalb des Gehäuses 11 des Trockners an und transportiert diese zum Brenner 10, vorzugsweise in den Brenner 10. Durch die seitliche Anordnung des Ventilators 42 neben dem Gehäuse 11 wird Zuluft bzw. Frischluft vom Ventilator in Richtung parallel zur Drehachse der Trommel 13 in das Gehäuse 11 transportiert bzw. geblasen. Die vom Ventilator 42 in das Gehäuse transportierte Frischluft gelangt in das Innere des Brenners 10, wozu sie durch das den Brenner 10 umgebende Gehäuse strömt. Gegebenenfalls kann es vorgesehen sein, die Frischluft durch das längliche Flammrohr 28 zu transportieren, und zwar vorzugsweise zusammen mit dem vom Brenner 10 zu verbrennenden Gas. Es ist aber auch denkbar, die vom Ventilator 42 in das Innere des Brenners 10 transportierte Zuluft oder Frischluft außen am Flammrohr 28 vorbei oder herum dem Brenner 10 zuzuführen.According to the invention, the burner 10 is assigned an air flow generator. This is in the Fig. 3 represented symbolically. This embodiment is an air flow generator designed as a fan 42. The air flow generator can also be formed by a plurality of fans 42. The fan 42 sucks in fresh air outside the housing 11 of the dryer through a suction opening (not shown) and transports it to the burner 10, preferably into the burner 10. The lateral arrangement of the fan 42 next to the housing 11 is supply air or fresh air from the fan in the direction transported or blown into the housing 11 parallel to the axis of rotation of the drum 13. The fresh air transported into the housing by the fan 42 reaches the interior of the burner 10, for which purpose it flows through the housing surrounding the burner 10. If necessary, provision can be made for the fresh air to be transported through the elongated flame tube 28, specifically preferably together with the gas to be burned by the burner 10. It is also conceivable, however, to feed the supply air or fresh air transported by the fan 42 into the interior of the burner 10 outside the flame tube 28 or around the burner 10.

Der Ventilator 42 ist durch beispielsweise einen Elektromotor 43 antreibbar. Vorzugsweise ist die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 43 veränderbar bzw. steuerbar oder regelbar. Dadurch kann der Durchsatz von Frischluft oder Zuluft durch den Ventilator 42 verändert und so den Bedürfnissen angepasst werden. Es kann dadurch ein gewünschter Frischluftstrom zum Brenner 10 transportiert werden.The fan 42 can be driven by an electric motor 43, for example. The speed of the electric motor 43 can preferably be changed or controlled or regulated. As a result, the throughput of fresh air or supply air through the fan 42 can be changed and thus adapted to requirements. A desired flow of fresh air can thereby be transported to the burner 10.

In den Zuströmraum 41 mündet in Strömungsrichtung gesehen hinter der Luftaustrittsöffnung 33 zwischen den Luftführungswandungen 30 und 31 ein in einer Wandung des Gehäuses 11 angeordneter Frischluftstutzen, der in den Figuren nicht dargestellt ist. Die Öffnung des Frischluftstutzens ist vorzugsweise im Querschnitt veränderbar. Auch ist es denkbar, dass der Frischluftstutzen ganz absperrbar ist. Über den Frischluftstutzen kann in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Brenner 10 und/oder außerhalb desselben dem Zuströmraum 41 zusätzliche Frischluft zugeführt werden. Die Menge der Frischluft ist durch Veränderung des Querschnitts des Frischluftstutzens variabel. Die Frischluftzufuhr über den Frischluftstutzen kann auch ganz unterbrochen werden.A fresh air connector which is arranged in a wall of the housing 11 and is not shown in the figures opens into the inflow space 41 behind the air outlet opening 33 between the air guide walls 30 and 31, seen in the flow direction. The opening of the fresh air connection is preferably variable in cross section. It is also conceivable that the fresh air connection can be completely shut off. Additional fresh air can be supplied to the inflow space 41 via the fresh air connection behind the burner 10 and / or outside the burner 10 in the flow direction. The amount of fresh air is variable by changing the cross section of the fresh air connection. The fresh air supply via the fresh air connection can also be completely interrupted.

Nachfolgend wird anhand des zuvor beschriebenen Trockners das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren unter Bezugnahme auf insbesondere die Fig. 2 näher erläutert:
Der Trocknungsvorgang beginnt mit Zufuhr von durch den Brenner 10 erhitzte Luft 44 durch den Zuströmraum 41 und die Lufteintrittsöffnung 20 zur drehend angetriebenen Trommel 13, worin sich die zu trocknende Wäsche befindet. Beim Entlangströmen der Luft 44 an der anfangs noch sehr feuchten Wäsche nimmt die Luft sehr viel Feuchtigkeit auf. Dadurch verlässt relativ feuchte Luft 45 durch die Luftaustrittsöffnung 21 die Trommel 13. Die feuchte Luft 45 strömt durch den Rückströmraum 39 im unteren Teil 16 in den Rückströmraum 40 im oberen Abteil 22, wo sie vom Umluftventilator 14 weitertransportiert wird.The method according to the invention is described below using the dryer described above, with reference in particular to FIG Fig. 2 explained in more detail:
The drying process begins with the supply of air 44 heated by the burner 10 through the inflow space 41 and the air inlet opening 20 to the rotatably driven drum 13, in which the laundry to be dried is located. When the air 44 flows along the laundry that is initially very damp, the air absorbs a great deal of moisture. As a result, relatively moist air 45 leaves the drum 13 through the air outlet opening 21. The moist air 45 flows through the return flow space 39 in the lower part 16 into the return flow space 40 in the upper compartment 22, where it is transported on by the circulating air fan 14.

Die zu Anfang des Trocknungsvorgangs einen hohen Feuchtigkeitsanteil enthaltende feuchte Luft 45 wird anfangs vollständig oder größtenteils bei vollständig oder nahezu vollständig geschlossener Umluftklappe 37 durch den Abluftstutzen 36 aus dem Gehäuse 11 des Trockners als Abluft 46 abgeführt. Als Ersatz der abgeführten Abluft 46 wird dem Trockner von außen Frischluft zugeführt. Dieses geschieht hauptsächlich durch den Brenner 11, wo die von außen zugeführte Frischluft als Verbrennungsluft dient. Diese Frischluft wird vom Brenner 10 zunächst selbsttätig angesaugt. Zur Unterstützung der Luftversorgung des Brenners 10 kann es aber auch in diesem Trocknungsstadium schon vorgesehen sein, durch den Ventilator 42 Frischluft zum Brenner 10 zu transportieren. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann bei Bedarf weitere Frischluft hinter dem Brenner 10 direkt dem Zuströmraum 41 zugeführt werden.The moist air 45, which contains a high proportion of moisture at the beginning of the drying process, is initially discharged completely or for the most part with the circulating air flap 37 completely or almost completely closed through the exhaust air nozzle 36 from the housing 11 of the dryer as exhaust air 46. Fresh air is supplied to the dryer from outside as a replacement for the exhaust air 46 removed. This takes place mainly through the burner 11, where the fresh air supplied from the outside serves as combustion air. This fresh air is initially drawn in automatically by the burner 10. In order to support the air supply to the burner 10, it can also be provided in this drying stage to transport fresh air to the burner 10 by the fan 42. Additionally or alternatively, further fresh air can be fed directly to the inflow space 41 downstream of the burner 10, if required.

Mit fortschreitendem Trocknungsprozess nimmt der Feuchtegehalt in der feuchten Luft 45 ab. Dann wird ein Teil der feuchten Luft 45 als Umluft am Brenner 10 vorbei und/oder durch den Brenner 10 der Trommel 13 mit der zu trocknenden Wäsche wieder zugeführt. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Umluftklappe 37 teilweise geöffnet durch Verschwenken im Uhrzeigersinn (bezogen auf die Darstellung in der Fig. 2) um die Schwenkachse 38. Die Umluftklappe 37 wird so weit geöffnet, dass sich der gewünschte Umluftstrom einstellt, also ein gezielter Anteil der feuchten Luft 45 als Umluft 47 der Trommel 13 wieder zugeführt wird und ein übriger Anteil der feuchten Luft 45 durch den Abluftstutzen 36 als Abluft 46 ins Freie geleitet wird. Derjenige Teil der feuchten Luft 45, der durch den Abluftstutzen 36 als Abluft 46 ins Freie geleitet wird, wird ersetzt durch Frischluft, die der Ventilator 42 zum Brenner 10 transportiert oder noch vom Brenner 10 selbsttätig angesaugt werden kann. Diese Frischluft wird durch den Brenner 10 geleitet und dient dabei als Verbrennungsluft. Die Luft verlässt den Brenner 10 als aufgeheizte Luft 44, die im Zuströmraum 41 sich mit der Umluft 47 vermischt und zusammen mit derselben als erhitzte Luft 44 der Trommel 13 wieder zugeführt wird.As the drying process progresses, the moisture content in the moist air 45 decreases. Part of the moist air 45 is then fed as circulating air past the burner 10 and / or through the burner 10 to the drum 13 with the laundry to be dried. For this purpose, the circulating air flap 37 is partially opened by pivoting it clockwise (based on the illustration in FIG Fig. 2 ) around the pivot axis 38. The circulating air flap 37 is opened so far that the desired circulating air flow is established, i.e. a specific portion of the moist air 45 is fed back to the drum 13 as circulating air 47 and the remaining portion of the moist air 45 through the exhaust air connection 36 is passed as exhaust air 46 into the open. That part of the humid air 45 that is passed into the open air as exhaust air 46 through the exhaust air nozzle 36 is replaced by fresh air that the fan 42 transports to the burner 10 or that can still be drawn in automatically by the burner 10. This fresh air is passed through the burner 10 and serves as combustion air. The air leaves the burner 10 as heated air 44, the in the inflow space 41 mixes with the circulating air 47 and is fed back together with the same as heated air 44 to the drum 13.

Mit Umluft 47 wird bei Trocknern, insbesondere solchen für gewerbliche Wäschereien, gearbeitet, um die Wärmeenergie in der feuchten Luft 45 wiederzuverwenden und nicht so viel kalte Frischluft wieder erhitzen zu müssen. Deswegen wird mit zunehmender Trocknungsdauer der Anteil der Umluft 47 sukzessive erhöht. Dazu wird die Umluftklappe 37 nach und nach weiter geöffnet, so dass sie den Abluftstutzen 36 mehr und mehr verschließt und wenig noch beträchtliche Restwärme aufweisende feuchte Luft 45 durch den Abluftstutzen 36 ins Freie entweicht.Circulating air 47 is used in dryers, especially those for commercial laundries, in order to reuse the thermal energy in the moist air 45 and not have to reheat so much cold fresh air. For this reason, the proportion of circulating air 47 is successively increased as the drying time increases. To this end, the circulating air flap 37 is gradually opened further so that it closes the exhaust air nozzle 36 more and more and moist air 45 containing little residual heat escapes through the exhaust air nozzle 36 into the open air.

Mit zunehmendem Anteil der wiederverwendeten und zum Brenner 10 zurückgeführten feuchten Luft 45, also Umluft 47, kann der Brenner 10 nur noch wenig Frischluft selbst von außen ansaugen. Dem Brenner 10 steht dann nicht mehr genügend Frischluft zur Verfügung. Daraus resultiert eine ungünstige bzw. unvollständige Verbrennung, die unter anderem zur schädlichen Rußbildung führen kann. Deswegen ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, mit zunehmendem Anteil der Umluft 47 Frischluft durch den Ventilator 42 zum Brenner 10 zu transportieren. Der Brenner 10 wird dann quasi mit Frischluft, die durch den Ventilator 42 zum Brenner 10 gedrückt oder gepumpt wird, aufgeblasen öder aufgeladen. Dadurch erhält der Brenner 10 genügend Frischluft zur optimalen Verbrennung, wodurch in der Schlußphase der Trocknung mit mehr Umluft als bisher üblich oder nur Umluft getrocknet werden kann.With an increasing proportion of the moist air 45 that is reused and returned to the burner 10, that is to say circulating air 47, the burner 10 can only suck in a little fresh air from the outside. The burner 10 then no longer has enough fresh air available. This results in unfavorable or incomplete combustion, which, among other things, can lead to harmful soot formation. For this reason, it is provided according to the invention to transport fresh air through the fan 42 to the burner 10 as the proportion of circulating air 47 increases. The burner 10 is then, as it were, inflated or charged with fresh air which is pressed or pumped to the burner 10 by the fan 42. As a result, the burner 10 receives enough fresh air for optimal combustion, so that in the final drying phase it can be dried with more circulating air than has been usual up to now or only circulating air.

Wenn aufgrund der vom Ventilator 42 zum Brenner 10 transportierten Frischluft am Ende des Trocknungsvorgangs nur mit Umluft 47 gearbeitet wird, so dass dann die gesamte feuchte Luft 45 als Umluft 47 wieder verwendet wird, ist die Umluftklappe 37 vollständig geöffnet, indem sie durch Heranschwenken an den Abluftstutzen 36 diesen verschließt, so dass keine feuchte Luft 45 als Abluft 46 durch den Abluftstutzen 36 mehr ins Freie strömen kann und die gesamte feuchte Luft 45 als Umluft dem Brenner 10 wieder zuführbar ist. Der Brenner erhitzt die Umluft wieder, so dass von diesem aufgeheizte Umluft der Trommel 13 mit der sich darin befindlichen nahezu trockenen Wäsche wieder zugeführt wird.If, due to the fresh air transported by the fan 42 to the burner 10, only circulating air 47 is used at the end of the drying process, so that all of the moist air 45 is then reused as circulating air 47, the circulating air flap 37 is completely open by being swiveled towards the Exhaust air connector 36 closes this so that no more moist air 45 can flow as exhaust air 46 through the exhaust air connector 36 and all of the moist air 45 can be fed back to the burner 10 as circulating air. The burner heats the circulating air again, so that circulating air heated by it is fed back to the drum 13 with the almost dry laundry contained therein.

Die als Umluft 47 verwendete feuchte Luft 45 kann ganz oder teilweise mit der vom Ventilator 45 zum Brenner 10 transportierte Frischluft durch den Brenner 10 geleitet werden. Wenn die als Umluft verwendete feuchte Luft 45 nur teilweise durch den Brenner 10 geleitet wird, wird ein Teil der feuchten Luft 45 ebenfalls als Umluft am Brenner 10 vorbeigeleitet, um sich vor der Luftaustrittsöffnung 33 mit der vom Brenner 10 erhitzten Luft 44 und/oder erwärmten Umluft zu vereinigen, so dass die Umluft 47 und die vom Brenner 10 erwärmte, ebenfalls aus Umluft 47 gebildete erhitzte Luft 44 durch den Zuströmraum 41 insgesamt der Trommel 13 der Wäsche wieder zuführbar sind.The moist air 45 used as circulating air 47 can be wholly or partly passed through the burner 10 with the fresh air transported by the fan 45 to the burner 10. If the humid air 45 used as circulating air is only partially passed through the burner 10, part of the humid air 45 is also passed as circulating air past the burner 10 in order to be in front of the air outlet opening 33 with the air 44 and / or heated by the burner 10 To unite circulating air, so that the circulating air 47 and the from Burner 10 heated, also formed from circulating air 47, heated air 44 can be fed back through the inflow space 41 to the drum 13 of the laundry as a whole.

Wenn der Trockner vollständig oder größtenteils mit Umluft 47 betrieben wird, kann bedarfsweise hinter der Luftaustrittsöffnung 33 noch etwas Frischluft von außen direkt dem Zuströmraum 41 zugeführt werden. In der Regel ist dies aber bei vollständigem oder nahezu vollständigem Umluftbetrieb nicht erforderlich.If the dryer is operated completely or for the most part with circulating air 47, if necessary, some fresh air can be supplied directly to the inflow space 41 from the outside behind the air outlet opening 33. As a rule, however, this is not necessary with complete or almost complete recirculation mode.

Die vom Ventilator 42 zum Brenner 10 und durch denselben hindurchtransportierte Frischluft ist in der Menge veränderlich durch eine entsprechende Steuerung der Drehzahl des Ventilators 42. Dadurch ist es möglich, sowohl den Frischluftstrom zum und durch den Brenner 10, also auch den Druck der Frischluft zu verändern. Auf diese Weise kann der Brenner 10 je nach Anteil der Umluft 47 mehr oder weniger stark aufgeladen oder aufgeblasen werden.The quantity of the fresh air transported from the fan 42 to the burner 10 and through it can be changed by controlling the speed of the fan 42 accordingly. This makes it possible to change both the fresh air flow to and through the burner 10 and the pressure of the fresh air . In this way, the burner 10 can be charged or inflated to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the proportion of the circulating air 47.

Gegebenenfalls kann der Ventilator 42 zu Beginn des Trocknungsvorgangs, wenn mit wenig Umluft 47 gearbeitet wird, ganz ausgeschaltet werden, so dass dann der Brenner 10 die nötige Frischluft selbsttätig ansaugt. Erst dann, wenn der Anteil der Umluft zunimmt, insbesondere überwiegend oder nur Umluft 47 verwendet wird, erfolgt ein Inbetriebsetzen des Ventilators 42, so dass dann Frischluft vorzugsweise unter Druck zum Brenner 10 transportiert bzw. in den Brenner 10 hineingeblasen wird, wobei der Druck und/oder die Menge der Frischluft, die vom Ventilator 42 zum Brenner 10 transportiert wird, kontinuierlich mit der Zunahme des Anteils der Umluft 47 ansteigt. In dem Fall, dass der Trockner nur mit Umluft 47 betrieben wird, erreichen der Frischluftstrom und/oder der Druck der Frischluft durch einen entsprechenden Betrieb des Ventilators 42 ein Maximum. Bezugszeichenliste: 10 Brenner 36 Abluftstutzen 11 Gehäuse 37 Umluftklappe 12 Drehachse 38 Schwenkachse 13 Trommel 39 Rückströmraum 14 Umluftventilator 40 Rückströmraum 15 Mantel 41 Zuströmraum 16 unteres Abteil 42 Ventilator 17 Wandung 43 Elektromotor 18 Wandung 44 Luft 19 Spalt 45 feuchte Luft 20 Lufteintrittsöffnung 46 Abluft 21 Luftaustrittsöffnung 47 Umluft 22 oberes Abteil 23 Trennwand 24 Querwand 25 Querwand 26 Wand 27 Außenwand 28 Flammrohr 29 Rückwand 30 Luftführungswandung 31 Luftführungswandung 32 Kante 33 Luftaustrittsöffnung 34 Außenwand 35 Deckwand If necessary, the fan 42 can be completely switched off at the beginning of the drying process when working with little circulating air 47, so that the burner 10 then automatically draws in the necessary fresh air. Only when the proportion of circulating air increases, in particular predominantly or only circulating air 47 is used, the fan 42 is started up, so that fresh air is then preferably transported under pressure to the burner 10 or blown into the burner 10, the pressure and / or the amount of fresh air that is transported by the fan 42 to the burner 10 increases continuously with the increase in the proportion of the circulating air 47. In the event that the dryer is operated only with circulating air 47, the fresh air flow and / or the pressure of the fresh air reach a maximum through corresponding operation of the fan 42. <b> List of reference symbols: </b> 10 burner 36 Exhaust socket 11 casing 37 Recirculation flap 12 Axis of rotation 38 Swivel axis 13 drum 39 Backflow space 14th Air circulation fan 40 Backflow space 15th coat 41 Inflow area 16 lower compartment 42 fan 17th Wall 43 Electric motor 18th Wall 44 air 19th gap 45 moist air 20th Air inlet opening 46 Exhaust air 21st Air outlet opening 47 circulating air 22nd upper compartment 23 partition wall 24 Transverse wall 25th Transverse wall 26th wall 27 Outer wall 28 Flame tube 29 Back wall 30th Air duct wall 31 Air duct wall 32 Edge 33 Air outlet opening 34 Outer wall 35 Top wall

Claims (9)

  1. Method for drying laundry, wherein air for drying the laundry is heated by a burner (10) and, at least during a part of the drying operation, at least a part of the air used to dry the laundry is fed back to the burner (10) as recirculating air, if need be together with fresh air, wherein the fresh air is transported to the burner (10) at least during a part of the drying process, characterized in that the fresh air is transported to the burner (10) only in that phase of the drying in which a predominant part of the recirculating air is returned to the burner (10), with the fresh air being actively transported to the burner (10) in such a manner that it is blown into the burner (10) under pressure.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fresh air is blown under pressure into the burner (10) by at least one fan (42).
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, where necessary, fresh air is fed behind the burner (10) to the air or recirculating air warmed by this same, in particular before the warmed air or recirculating air reaches the laundry to be dried.
  4. Dryer for laundry, comprising a drum (13) for receiving the laundry to be dried and comprising at least one burner (10) for heating air which serves for the drying of the laundry, wherein the dryer is configured such that, at least during a part of the drying operation, at least a part of the air used to dry the laundry is fed back to the burner (10) as recirculating air, if need be together with fresh air, and wherein an air flow generator for the transport of the fresh air to the burner (10) is assigned to the at least one burner (10), characterized in that a forced supply of fresh air can be provided to the burner (10) by the at least one air flow generator in that the air flow generator pumps and/or forces fresh air into the burner (10), wherein the dryer is configured such that the fresh air is actively transported to the burner (10) by the at least one air flow generator only in that phase of the drying in which a predominant part of the recirculating air is returned to the burner (10).
  5. Dryer according to Claim 4, characterized in that the air flow generator is assigned to a supply line for fresh air to the burner (10).
  6. Dryer according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the air flow generator is configured to generate a variable stream of fresh air to the burner (10).
  7. Dryer according to one of the Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the air flow generator is configured as at least one fan (42).
  8. Dryer according to one of the Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that behind the at least one burner (10) is disposed a preferably variable and/or closable feed opening for fresh air which can be mixed to the heated air.
  9. Dryer according to one of the Claims 4 to 8, characterized in that at least one recirculating air fan (14) for generating a recirculating air flow and/or an air vent (36), which is closable or variable in cross section, are provided for at least a part of the moist air or circulating air stemming from the drum (13).
EP13000720.6A 2012-03-16 2013-02-12 Method for drying laundry and dryer Active EP2639349B1 (en)

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EP2639349A1 (en) 2013-09-18
US9677813B2 (en) 2017-06-13
EP2639349A8 (en) 2014-02-26
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US20130239433A1 (en) 2013-09-19
DE102012005199A1 (en) 2013-09-19

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