Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
  • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
  • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/40—Radiation means
  • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/40—Radiation means
  • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
  • B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/40—Radiation means
  • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
  • B22F12/45—Two or more
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
  • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
  • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
  • B23K26/354—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by melting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
  • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
  • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
  • B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
  • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
  • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/40—Radiation means
  • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
  • B22F12/40—Radiation means
  • B22F12/49—Scanners
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
  • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
  • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
  • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
  • B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
  • B22F3/168—Local deformation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
  • B60B2310/60—Surface treatment; After treatment
  • B60B2310/622—Shot-peening
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
  • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
  • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
  • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• Powder bed based additive manufacturing processes with upper ⁇ surface post-treatment and for this manufacturing process overall was suitable facility
• the invention relates to a powder bed additive based Fer ⁇ operating procedure, in which a component in a building process by local melting of particles is produced in a powder bed layer by layer.
• a post-treatment of the surface of the produced component is carried out by laser hammering, wherein on the surface in the component by the laser hammering compressive stresses are generated.
• the invention relates to a system for a powder bed based additive manufacturing process. This system has a powder bed recording, which is a Einrich ⁇ tion, in which a powder bed can be generated.
• a dosing device for the powder in the system, wherein the powder bed recording also has a building platform on which the additive component to be produced is, and the location can be lowered for location.
• an energy source is also provided in the system with which a powder bed located in the powder bed receptacle can be locally fused.
• the energy source is preferably a laser for generating a laser beam or an electron source for generating an electron beam.
• selective laser sintering or selective electron beam melting can be carried out.
• a laser hammering not only be carried out as a post-treatment of a finished component, but also during its production by the construction process is interrupted after completion of a position for an application of laser hammering.
• Laser hammering also called laser shock peening
• a liquid or solid ablation medium is applied to the surface to be treated, which is then removed by laser pulses.
• This process is also referred to as laser ablation.
• the laser is pulsed, caused by the sudden evaporation of the ablative Ver ⁇ a shock wave, which also extends from the surface into the interior of the component from ⁇ and leads to a forging operation.
• the local deformation of the material generates compressive stresses, which can even reduce tensile stresses.
• a post-treatment by means of laser peening sets out vo ⁇ that the surface of the component is accessible by the laser fusion for the laser after Her ⁇ position.
• the components are produced by laser melting and other addi tive ⁇ manufacturing processes, which have a very complex geometry. This also creates cavities and inner surfaces that can not be reached by a laser after completion of the component.
• the object of the invention is to provide a pulverbettba- overbased additive manufacturing method for a component suits ⁇ ben with which also components of complex geometry with the upper can be prepared surfaces, which are close to the surface subjected to compressive stresses, wherein the effort in the generation of compressive stresses as possible should be kept low.
• the powder bed based additive manufacturing process is interrupted at least once to make egg ⁇ ne-treatment by laser peening.
• This has the advantage that component areas which are no longer accessible after completion of the component (for example cavities) can also be aftertreated by laser hammering.
• this production plant To the laser hammering in the manufacturing plant for the additive To be able to carry out production processes, this production plant must be modified accordingly.
• a laser pulse is required.
• an ablation medium must be applied to the component areas of the component being post-treated , for which purpose an application device is provided in the production system.
• the object is thus also by a modified system for a powder bed based additive manufacturing process ge ⁇ triggers, wherein a pulse laser is alignable to the powder bed of record and in this system, in addition to the power source, which is provided for melting of the powder bed integrated, so can also be aligned on already completed parts of a component in development.
• Laser hammering can then be carried out with this pulsed laser, wherein an ablation medium must be applied to the component areas to be post-treated before this treatment by means of an application device.
• the power of the pulse laser must be such that it is sufficient to carry out the laser hammering.
• the application device for the ablation medium may advantageously be a printhead for a liquid ablation medium.
• components which are already used in additive production processes, such as 3D printing, can be advantageously used. These can be integrated into the system for laser melting and allow the application of a liquid Ablationsmediums. This can be used as a liquid film for laser hammering.
• the liquid Ablations ⁇ medium before performing the laser hammering dries (evaporation of a solvent) or cures.
• the liquid ablation medium may also contain solids in the form of particles.
• Abla ⁇ tion medium in the form of a film.
• This can be provided by an application device in the form of a roll in the system.
• the ablation medium can then be easily rolled onto the surface of the component being formed.
• the film may have the form of a strip.
• This strip must be sufficiently wide that either a train of laser pulses or multiple tracks of laser pulses can be applied to each other next to each other.
• the ablation medium can advantageously be utilized very well without generating a large waste of the film.
• the film strip then has to be repeatedly unrolled for larger areas (that is to say wider than the strip width) and transverse to its longitudinal extent over the area to be treated be moved to create adjacent tracks of laser pulses on the surface to be treated.
• the construction process for the aftertreatment is interrupted several times and the already formed parts of the surface are subjected to the aftertreatment such that these post-treated parts directly adjoin previously already aftertreated parts of the surface.
• a comprehensive post-treatment of inner surfaces of components is advantageously possible to ⁇ sem way.
• a post-treatment strategy can easily be calculated with knowledge of the CAD model, since this is available anyway for the production of the component by the additive manufacturing process. It is advantageous if the post-treatment on parts of
• Another embodiment of the invention provides that in each case not melted before the post-treatment particles are removed from the intended for the aftertreatment part of the surface. This can be done for example by local suction of the powder particles.
• the application of the ablation medium to the surfaces to be post-treated is then advantageously not disturbed by remaining particles.
• the post-treatment of the component regions must be carried out as long as the generated inner surfaces of the component are still accessible. In other words, the
• an ablation medium for laser hammering in the form of a film can be adhered to the component. It is possible, the film, as already explained, unroll from a roll. Another possibility is to cut Folienstü ⁇ blocks in a suitable manner and in part region applied by means of an applicator device directly on the nachzubehandelnde construction.
• an applicator device for example, handling systems can be used, as they are customary for electronics assembly, in particular Saugköp ⁇ fe, temporarily fix the cut film pieces by a vacuum and put on the surface to be treated nachzubehandeln the component.
• Figure 3 to 9 selected steps of an exemplary embodiment of the manufacturing method of the invention pulverbettbasier- th additive schematically.
• a production plant according to FIG. 1 has a process chamber 11 in which a powder bed receptacle 12 is provided. This has a construction platform 13, which is surrounded by a side wall 14 and can be lowered via a cylinder 15. This creates a trough-shaped cavity in which a powder bed 16 can be produced.
• a doctor blade 17 to the Availability checked ⁇ supply consisting of a powder source powder across the powder bed
• the doctor 17 can be moved along a guide rail 19.
• FIG 1 is also shown how by means of a La ⁇ sers as an energy source 20, a laser beam 21 can be generated. This is introduced via an optical coupler 22 and a deflection mirror 23 through a window 24 in the process chamber 11 and sweeps there the surface of the powder ⁇ bed 16 where a component 25 is to arise.
• a laser as the energy source 20
• a generating device for an electron beam can also be used (not shown).
• a print head 26 can also be moved over the guide rail 19 over the surface of the powder bed 16 in order to carry out a liquid ablation medium there for a subsequent treatment of a surface 27 of the component 25.
• the print head 26 is lowered onto the areas of the component 25 to be post-treated and applies the liquid ablation medium thereat .
• a pulsed laser 28 is activated, with which the after-treatment can be carried out.
• the optical coupler 22 and the deflection mirror 23 are also used (see FIG.
• FIG. 2 shows another application method for an ablation medium in the form of a film 29. This is unrolled from a supply roll 30 and rolled up the remainder of the film 29 on another roll 31. This is a so-called reel-to-reel process. To recognize the doctor 17, wherein the direction of movement of the doctor blade
• the doctor blade 17 and the film 29 can be alternately lowered onto the powder bed 16.
• a pulsed laser beam 32 is generated, which performs laser hammering on an inner surface 27 of the component 25.
• the material of the film 29 evaporates at the corresponding point 33, which leads to the process of laser hammering already described.
• FIGS. 3 to 9 A possible sequence of the method according to the invention is shown by way of example in FIGS. 3 to 9. In this case, only the components of the production plant that are required in the respective production step are shown. Also, the powder bed is shown without its surroundings a building platform 13 or a side wall 14, wherein the structure of the manufacturing plant, which is used in Figures 3 to 9, may be formed in accordance with Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is shown how a first layer 34a of the Pul ⁇ verbetts was prepared.
• the first layer of a component 25 is Herge ⁇ in this position 34a.
• the component which arises in the first layer 34 is shown hatched.
• FIG. 4 shows how a second layer 34b has been applied to the powder bed and is now partially melted by means of the laser 21. This results in a further part of the component 25, which will later give the same a side wall.
• FIG. 6 shows how a liquid ablation medium 37 is applied to the surface 27 of the component 25 by means of the print head 26. This ablation medium 37 can then be cured by means of a radiant heater 38 (optional step).
• FIG. 7 shows how a pulsed laser beam 32 is generated by means of the pulse laser 28 and the ablation medium 37 evaporates on the surface 27. This results in 27 surface compressive stresses in areas where previously caused by the process tensile stresses had occurred.
• FIG. 8 shows how a third layer 34c in the powder bed is produced by means of the doctor 17.
• the depression 35 (see FIG. 5) is also refilled.
• FIG. 9 shows how the process of selective laser melting for the third layer 34c is resumed and the resulting wall of the component 25 is continued.
• the resulting vertical wall layer by layer of tensile stresses can be freed who ⁇ by a Laser peening is performed (not Darge ⁇ asserted) by repeating the steps 6 and 7.
• FIG. 9 shows how the process of selective laser melting for the third layer 34c is resumed and the resulting wall of the component 25 is continued.
• the resulting vertical wall layer by layer of tensile stresses can be freed who ⁇ by a Laser peening is performed (not Darge ⁇ asserted) by repeating the steps 6 and 7.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
• Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=56296808

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (21)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2015
  • 2015-07-03 DE DE102015212529.7A patent/DE102015212529A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2016
  • 2016-06-29 EP EP16733945.6A patent/EP3294478A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-06-29 US US15/739,812 patent/US20180361509A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-06-29 CN CN201680039213.2A patent/CN107735197A/zh active Pending
  • 2016-06-29 WO PCT/EP2016/065158 patent/WO2017005578A1/de active Application Filing

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events