EP3293427A1 - Method and device for adjusting the temperature of the air blown into a building - Google Patents
Method and device for adjusting the temperature of the air blown into a building Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3293427A1 EP3293427A1 EP17187166.8A EP17187166A EP3293427A1 EP 3293427 A1 EP3293427 A1 EP 3293427A1 EP 17187166 A EP17187166 A EP 17187166A EP 3293427 A1 EP3293427 A1 EP 3293427A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- duty cycle
- air
- value
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003079 width control Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 84
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009982 effect on human Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
- F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
- F24F7/065—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit fan combined with single duct; mounting arrangements of a fan in a duct
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
- F24F11/76—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by means responsive to temperature, e.g. bimetal springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building.
- a control device comprising air blowing means comprising at least one air circulation circuit and at least one blower disposed on said air circulation circuit, a heat exchanger between the blown air and a coolant circuit such as water, a valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid into the heat exchanger, a shutter member of the valve, an actuator of said shutter member for the displacement of said shutter member between a closed position and an open position of the valve and a system for defining a set temperature of the supply air.
- air blowing means comprising at least one air circulation circuit and at least one blower disposed on said air circulation circuit, a heat exchanger between the blown air and a coolant circuit such as water, a valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid into the heat exchanger, a shutter member of the valve, an actuator of said shutter member for the displacement of said shutter member between a closed position and an open position of the valve and a system for defining a set temperature of the supply air.
- the regulation of the temperature of this fresh air can take place in different ways.
- a first solution consists in varying the flow rate of air passing through the heat exchanger, by regulating the speed of the fan, the flow rate and the temperature of the water being kept constant. This solution is noisy, especially at high speed of the fan, and generates discomfort for the building occupant, the temperature being difficult to regulate.
- a second solution is to maintain the air flow constant, but to vary the flow rate and / or the temperature of the water flowing in the heat exchanger.
- the use of a three-way valve at the inlet of the exchanger makes it possible, at constant water flow, to finely regulate the temperature of the water, and consequently, the temperature of the air blown, the opening of the valve is controlled according to the outside temperature or the ambient temperature, and the set temperature.
- This solution has good results, but is expensive, because of the presence of a three-way valve.
- An object of the invention is to propose a regulating device whose design allows, at low cost, overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.
- the invention relates to a device for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building comprising air blowing means comprising an air circulation circuit and at least one fan disposed on said circuit. air circulation; a heat exchanger between the blown air and a coolant circuit such as water; a valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid into the heat exchanger; a shutter member of the valve; an actuator of said shutter member for the displacement of said shutter member between a closed position and an open position of the valve and a system for defining a target temperature of the blown air, characterized in that the valve is a two-way valve, in that the actuator comprises a thermosensitive element adapted to deform and / or move under the effect of heat and an electric heating element of the thermosensitive element, and in that the device comprises a member for measuring the temperature of the blown air disposed inside the air circulation circuit, at the outlet of the heat exchanger and a unit for controlling the electrical supply of the configured electric heating element to control the supply of the electric heating element according to at least the
- the use of the temperature of the supply air and not of the ambient air as measuring element allows a better regulation.
- control unit of the electric power supply of the electric heating element is configured to drive supplying the electric heating element by controlling the periodic pulse width, said control unit comprising a duty cycle calculation module configured to calculate a parameter representative of the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature and the measured temperature of the blown air, and a power control module configured to control the power supply of the electric heater according to the value of said parameter representative of the calculated duty cycle.
- control unit is configured to control the power supply of the electric heating element by controlling the periodic pulse width, with a pulse control cycle in time that can be divided into time. deactivation and activation time.
- the activation time is a time during which the current feeds the electric heating element and the deactivation time is a time during which the current does not supply the electric heating element.
- the duty cycle corresponds to the ratio of the activation time over the total duration of the cycle, also called period and formed by the sum of the activation and deactivation times of said cycle on said period. Indeed, the modulation cycle repeats itself periodically.
- the variation of the duty cycle as a function of the set temperature and the measured temperature of the blown air makes it possible to supply the electric heating element, according to the value of said ratio, and thus to control the opening / closing of the according to the value of said ratio, thus obtaining a fine adjustment of the water flow, using a simple two-way valve.
- the duty cycle allows the two-way valve to occupy an intermediate position.
- the duty cycle calculation module is configured to calculate the representative parameter of the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature and the change in the measured temperature of the supply air.
- the duty cycle calculation module is configured to calculate the slope of the curve of the measured temperature of the blown air as a function of time, at a given first point of this curve, define a straight line passing through said first point and slope equal to that calculated, and select on the right a second point of abscissa time greater than the abscissa of time of the first point and determine the temperature ordinate of this second point called anticipated temperature.
- the cyclic ratio calculation module comprises means for comparing the anticipated temperature and the set temperature of the blown air, and means for calculating or determining the value of the representative parameter of the report. cyclic depending on the result of the comparison.
- thermosensitive element is able to deform under the effect of heat for the passage of the shutter member of the valve from the closed position, or respectively open, to the open position, or respectively closed, of the valve during a rise in temperature and in that the device comprises means for returning the closure member in the closed position, or respectively open.
- the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle are configured to modify the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle in the direction of an increase of the representative parameter of the duty cycle when the temperature anticipated is lower than the set temperature and in the direction of a reduction of the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle when the anticipated temperature is higher than the set temperature in the case of a normally closed valve, and in that the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representing the duty cycle are configured to modify the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle in the direction of a reduction of the representative parameter of the duty cycle when the anticipated temperature is lower than the temperature. of deposit and in the sense of a increasing the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle when the anticipated temperature is higher than the set temperature in the case of a normally open valve.
- the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle are configured to, when the anticipated temperature is lower than the set temperature, increase the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle and, when the anticipated temperature is higher than the set temperature, reduce the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle.
- the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representing the duty cycle are configured to reduce the value of the parameter when the anticipated temperature is lower than the set temperature. representative of the duty cycle and, when the anticipated temperature is higher than the target temperature, increasing the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle.
- the duty cycle calculation module is configured to, when the calculated value of the parameter representing the duty cycle is greater than a predetermined high threshold value called the maximum duty cycle, assign to the value of said representative parameter of the ratio. cyclic, said high threshold value, and when the calculated value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle is less than a predetermined low threshold value called duty cycle min, assign to the value of said representative parameter of the duty cycle, said threshold value low.
- thermosensitive element is able to deform under the effect of heat for the passage of the shutter member of the valve from the closed position to the open position of the valve during a elevation of temperature and in that the device comprises means for returning the shutter member in the closed position.
- thermosensitive element of the actuator adapted to be deformed under the effect of heat is a wax and the electric heating element a resistive element.
- the system for defining a set temperature of the blown air is formed by the data input means of a man / machine interface able to communicate by wireless connection with the control unit. .
- the invention also relates to a method for regulating the temperature of the blown air of a building, with the aid of a device for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building, characterized in that the set temperature of the blown air having been defined, said method comprises a step of measuring the temperature of the air blown inside the air circulation circuit, at the outlet of the heat exchanger and a step controlling the power supply of the electric heating element by controlling the periodic pulse width, said driving step comprising a phase of calculating the value of a parameter representative of the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature and the measured temperature of the blown air, and a control phase of the electric power supply of the electric heating element according to the value of said representative parameter of the calculated duty cycle.
- the subject of the invention is a device 1 for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building constituted by any construction.
- This control device 1 is generally installed at least partially in the attic of the building.
- This regulating device 1 comprises means for blowing air inside the building, for cooling and heating the interior volume of said building.
- These air blowing means comprise an air circulating circuit 20 and a fan 2 disposed on the air circulation circuit 20 between the inlet (s) and the outlet (s) of said circulating air circuit (20).
- the air circulation circuit 20 comprises an inlet or intake 17 of outside air, which is generally fixed on the roof of the building and two outlets. Fresh air is thus introduced via this air intake 17 into the fan 2. This air is blown into a heat exchanger 3 placed on the air circulation circuit to be heated or cooled, before reaching the internal volume of the building using a network of air ducts, as illustrated in figure 1 these blowing ducts constituting part of the air circulation circuit 20.
- the air blown by the fan cools or heats up by heat exchange, with a heat transfer fluid circuit, in this case a water circuit, the heat exchanger 3 being a water / air exchanger.
- This heat exchanger 3 is for example in the form of a parallelepiped body housing a portion of the water circuit, and inside which flows the air from the fan.
- the water is brought into said body by means of a pipe 31 connecting a source of water represented at 10 to the figure 1 to the part of the water circuit arranged in the body.
- This source of water may be a source of cold water or a source of hot water heated by means of thermal panels, heat pump, boiler or others.
- conduit supplying the body of the water exchanger is disposed a valve 4 for adjusting the water inlet flow rate in the heat exchanger 3.
- the water leaving the body of the heat exchanger 3 is here brought back by a so-called return line 32 to the water supply source 10 of the body, for a loop circulation of the water inside said body.
- the valve 4 placed at the inlet of the heat exchanger 3 thus makes it possible to regulate the flow rate of water entering the heat exchanger 3, and consequently the temperature of the air blown circulating in said heat exchanger 3.
- This valve 4 is a two-way valve, that is to say it allows the supply and the lack of water supply of the heat exchanger 3, but it does not present a third way that would allow divert a portion of the incoming flow to the return line of the heat exchanger 3.
- This valve 4 is provided with a shutter member 5 and an actuator 6 of said shutter member 5, for the displacement of said shutter member 5 between a closed position and an open position of the valve 4.
- the duct delimited by the valve body 4 is closed or opened by means of an axially displaceable valve and constituting said closure member 5.
- the actuator 6 comprises a heat-sensitive element 7 able to deform and / or move under the effect of heat, and an element 8 for electric heating of the element 7 thermosensitive.
- thermosensitive element 7 is able to deform under the effect of heat, for the passage of the body 5 of closing the valve 4 from the closed position to the open position of the valve 4 during a rise in temperature, and the device comprises means 9 for returning the closure member 5 in the closed position.
- thermosensitive element 7 of the actuator adapted to be deformed under the effect of heat is a wax housed in a capsule, and the electric heating element 8 a resistive element such as an electrical resistance powered by an electrical supply circuit represented in 11 in the figures.
- the heating of the wax causes a deformation, in particular an expansion, of the wax and, consequently, a displacement of the element shutter from the closed position to the open position of the valve.
- the heating element 8 As soon as the heating element 8 is no longer electrically powered, the temperature of the wax decreases and the return means 9 formed here by a helical spring tend to return the closure member 5 to the closed position of the valve.
- valve 4 could have been a normally open valve.
- the control device 1 further comprises a system 16 for defining a set temperature of the blown air, and a member 15 for measuring the temperature of the air blown at the outlet of the heat exchanger 3.
- the system 16 for defining a set temperature T c of the blown air is formed by the data input means of a man / machine interface able to communicate by wireless connection with the device. driving unit 12.
- This interface may be formed by a screen displaying the set temperature, this screen being equipped with buttons able to increase or decrease the displayed set temperature and corresponding to the desired set temperature.
- the member 15 for measuring the temperature of the blown air may be formed by a temperature sensor disposed at least partially inside the air circulation circuit 20, in the part of the circuit disposed downstream of the air flow circuit. heat exchanger 3 taken in the direction of air circulation inside the heat exchanger 3. This part of the circuit corresponds to the portion of the circuit to be heard by the expression "at the outlet of the exchanger". the measured temperature is that of the air blown and not that of the ambient air.
- the device 1 further comprises a unit 12 for controlling the power supply of the electric heating element 8 configured to control the supply of the electric heating element 8 by pulse width modulation.
- This control unit 12 comprises a cyclic ratio calculation module 13 configured to calculate a parameter representing the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature T c and the measured temperature T m of the supply air and a module 14.
- power control circuit configured to control the power supply of the electric heating element 8 according to the value of said parameter representative of the calculated duty cycle.
- the power supply signal is a periodic signal which may be of fixed or variable frequency.
- the duty cycle corresponds to the ratio of the duration of a pulse in the high or non-zero state over the period of said signal. This ratio therefore varies according to the set temperature and the measured temperature of the supply air.
- the power control module is therefore configured to generate a power supply signal as a sequence of pulses with an assigned frequency and with a duration or pulse width depending on the calculated duty cycle.
- the duty cycle is equal to the ratio t / p, with t corresponding to the time during which the signal is active, and p to the total period of the signal.
- the period of the supply signal which is a periodic signal, being equal for example to 1 s
- the duty cycle is equal to 0.5 or 50%
- the increase in the duty cycle causes an increase in the time of application of a voltage at the heating element, while the reduction of this ratio results in a reduction in the time of application of a voltage at the level of the heating element. of the heating element, for a predetermined period of time corresponding to the period of said signal.
- the cyclic ratio calculation module 13 is therefore configured to calculate the representative parameter of the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature T c , and of the change in the measured temperature T m of the supply air.
- the cyclic ratio calculation module 13 is configured to calculate the slope of the curve of the measured temperature T m of the blown air as a function of time, at a given first point of this curve, to define a straight line passing through said first point. and of slope equal to that calculated, and to select on the right a second point of abscissa of time greater than the abscissa of time of the first point and to determine the ordinate of temperature of this second point called anticipated temperature T a .
- the module 13 cyclic ratio calculating comprises means 132 for comparing the temperature T a and the anticipated temperature T c of discharge air setpoint, and means 131 for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representative of the cyclic ratio according to the result of the comparison.
- the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle are configured to, when the anticipated temperature is lower than the set temperature, increase the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle and when the anticipated temperature is higher at the set temperature, reduce the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle.
- the anticipated temperature is higher than the set temperature.
- the valve being a normally closed valve, as illustrated in figures 2 and 3 the duty cycle value is then lowered, to obtain a supply signal with a reduced high signal duration to limit the supply of the resistive element and, consequently, the heating of the thermosensitive element, in particular the wax, to cause a displacement of the shutter member in the direction of at least partial closure of the valve.
- the set temperature is equal to 20 ° C.
- T m' of the air measured at the outlet of the exchanger is 19.5 ° C.
- the slope of the evolution of the measured air temperature is calculated over a period called t Evolution, which corresponds to the interval t o '/ t 1 '. With this slope, it is estimated the air temperature measured after a predetermined time interval called here Anticipation.
- the measured Early temperature is 15 ° C.
- the difference between the setpoint temperature and the temperature T a 'calculated is 5 ° C. It is noted that T in advance temperature is lower than the set temperature.
- the duty cycle value is then increased, to obtain a power signal with a high signal duration increased, to increase the supply time of the resistive element and, consequently, the heating of the thermosensitive element, in particular the wax, to cause a displacement of the shutter member in the direction of an opening at least partial of the valve.
- the duty cycle calculation module 13 is configured to, when the calculated value of the parameter representing the duty cycle is greater than a predetermined high threshold value called the maximum duty cycle, assign to the value of said representative parameter of the ratio. cyclic, said high threshold value, and when the calculated value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle is less than a predetermined low threshold value called duty cycle min, assign to the value of said representative parameter of the duty cycle, said threshold value low.
- the functions and steps described above can be implemented as a computer program or via hardware components (eg programmable gate networks).
- the functions and steps operated by the power control unit can be realized at least in part by sets of instructions or computer modules implemented in a processor or controller or be realized by dedicated electronic components or components. FPGA or ASIC type. It is also possible to combine computer parts and electronic parts.
- control unit can be implemented in the form of an electronic and computer unit.
- control module can be implemented in the form of software running on a microcontroller.
- the power control module can be embodied as an electronic circuit of power, for example of the MOSFET type, which generates the power supply signal as a function of the cycle ratio calculated by the control module.
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Abstract
Dispositif (1) de régulation de la température de l'air soufflé dans un bâtiment comprenant des moyens de soufflage d'air, un échangeur (3) thermique entre l'air soufflé et un circuit de fluide caloporteur, une vanne (4) de réglage du débit du fluide caloporteur dans l'échangeur (3), un organe (5) d'obturation de la vanne (4), un actionneur (6) dudit organe (5) d'obturation et un système (16) de définition d'une température (Tc) de consigne de l'air soufflé. La vanne (4) est une vanne deux voies, l'actionneur (6) comprend un élément (7) thermosensible, un élément (8) de chauffe électrique de l'élément (7) thermosensible, et le dispositif (1) comprend un organe (15) de mesure de la température de l'air soufflé et une unité (12) de pilotage de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément (8) de chauffe électrique en fonction de la température (Tc) de consigne et de la température (T m ) mesurée de l'air soufflé.Device (1) for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building comprising means for blowing air, a heat exchanger (3) between the blown air and a coolant circuit, a valve (4) of adjusting the flow rate of the coolant in the heat exchanger (3), a member (5) for closing the valve (4), an actuator (6) of said shutter member (5) and a system (16) for defining a set temperature (Tc) of the supply air. The valve (4) is a two-way valve, the actuator (6) comprises a thermosensitive element (7), an element (8) for electric heating of the thermosensitive element (7), and the device (1) comprises a member (15) for measuring the temperature of the blown air and a unit (12) for controlling the electrical supply of the electric heating element (8) as a function of the setpoint temperature (Tc) and the measured temperature (T m) of the supply air.
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de régulation de la température de l'air soufflé dans un bâtiment.The invention relates to a method and a device for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de régulation comprenant des moyens de soufflage d'air comprenant au moins un circuit de circulation d'air et au moins un ventilateur disposé sur ledit circuit de circulation d'air, un échangeur thermique entre l'air soufflé et un circuit de fluide caloporteur tel que de l'eau, une vanne de réglage du débit d'entrée du fluide caloporteur dans l'échangeur thermique, un organe d'obturation de la vanne, un actionneur dudit organe d'obturation pour le déplacement dudit organe d'obturation entre une position fermée et une position ouverte de la vanne et un système de définition d'une température de consigne de l'air soufflé.It relates more particularly to a control device comprising air blowing means comprising at least one air circulation circuit and at least one blower disposed on said air circulation circuit, a heat exchanger between the blown air and a coolant circuit such as water, a valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid into the heat exchanger, a shutter member of the valve, an actuator of said shutter member for the displacement of said shutter member between a closed position and an open position of the valve and a system for defining a set temperature of the supply air.
La qualité de l'air intérieur, son effet sur la santé humaine et ses coûts économiques et sociaux préoccupent de plus en plus la population, les chercheurs et les décideurs. Plusieurs études ont montré qu'il est primordial de ventiler les locaux fermés en apportant de l'air neuf de l'extérieur qui est plus propre que celui de l'intérieur afin d'assurer une ambiance saine. Cependant, le renouvellement d'air présente un coût énergétique. Plus le taux de renouvellement d'air est important, plus la qualité de l'air intérieur est bonne, mais plus la facture énergétique est élevée. En outre, les occupants sont parfois amenés à fermer les entrées d'air pour éviter l'inconfort thermique ou réduire la consommation énergétique ce qui dégrade la qualité de l'air intérieur en causant des effets nocifs sur leur santé et de la dégradation de la structure du bâtiment. Il est donc important, pour répondre aux enjeux énergétiques et aux exigences des règlementations thermiques liées aux bâtiments, de réguler la température de l'air neuf à moindre coût.Indoor air quality, its effect on human health and its economic and social costs are of increasing concern to the public, researchers and policy makers. Several studies have shown that it is essential to ventilate enclosed spaces by bringing fresh air from the outside that is cleaner than the indoor one to ensure a healthy atmosphere. However, the renewal of air presents an energy cost. The higher the air change rate, the better the indoor air quality, but the higher the energy bill. In addition, occupants are sometimes required to close the air inlets to avoid thermal discomfort or reduce energy consumption which degrades the indoor air quality causing harmful effects on their health and degradation of the building structure. It is therefore important, in order to meet the energy challenges and the requirements of thermal regulations related to buildings, to regulate the temperature of fresh air at a lower cost.
Il est connu de réaliser le traitement thermique (chauffage et rafraîchissement de cet air neuf) à l'aide d'un échangeur thermique eau/air.It is known to carry out the heat treatment (heating and cooling of this fresh air) using a water / air heat exchanger.
La régulation de la température de cet air neuf peut s'opérer de différentes manières.The regulation of the temperature of this fresh air can take place in different ways.
Une première solution consiste à faire varier le débit d'air passant dans l'échangeur thermique, par régulation de la vitesse du ventilateur, le débit et la température de l'eau étant maintenus constants. Cette solution est bruyante, notamment à vitesse élevée du ventilateur, et génère un inconfort pour l'occupant du bâtiment, la température étant difficile à réguler.A first solution consists in varying the flow rate of air passing through the heat exchanger, by regulating the speed of the fan, the flow rate and the temperature of the water being kept constant. This solution is noisy, especially at high speed of the fan, and generates discomfort for the building occupant, the temperature being difficult to regulate.
Une deuxième solution consiste à maintenir le débit d'air constant, mais à faire varier le débit et/ou la température de l'eau circulant dans l'échangeur thermique. L'utilisation d'une vanne trois voies en entrée d'échangeur permet, à débit d'eau constant, de réguler finement la température de l'eau, et par suite, la température de l'air soufflé, l'ouverture de la vanne étant pilotée en fonction de la température extérieure ou de la température ambiante, et de la température de consigne. Cette solution présente de bons résultats, mais est onéreuse, du fait de la présence d'une vanne trois voies.A second solution is to maintain the air flow constant, but to vary the flow rate and / or the temperature of the water flowing in the heat exchanger. The use of a three-way valve at the inlet of the exchanger makes it possible, at constant water flow, to finely regulate the temperature of the water, and consequently, the temperature of the air blown, the opening of the valve is controlled according to the outside temperature or the ambient temperature, and the set temperature. This solution has good results, but is expensive, because of the presence of a three-way valve.
Une solution d'une installation de régulation thermique intégrant une telle vanne 3 voies est notamment décrite dans le brevet
Un but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif de régulation dont la conception permet, à faible coût, de surmonter les inconvénients de l'état de la technique.An object of the invention is to propose a regulating device whose design allows, at low cost, overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.
À cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de régulation de la température de l'air soufflé dans un bâtiment comprenant des moyens de soufflage d'air comprenant un circuit de circulation d'air et au moins un ventilateur disposé sur ledit circuit de circulation d'air ; un échangeur thermique entre l'air soufflé et un circuit de fluide caloporteur tel que de l'eau ; une vanne de réglage du débit d'entrée du fluide caloporteur dans l'échangeur thermique ; un organe d'obturation de la vanne ; un actionneur dudit organe d'obturation pour le déplacement dudit organe d'obturation entre une position fermée et une position ouverte de la vanne et un système de définition d'une température de consigne de l'air soufflé, caractérisé en ce que la vanne est une vanne deux voies, en ce que l'actionneur comprend un élément thermosensible apte à se déformer et/ou se déplacer sous l'effet de la chaleur et un élément de chauffe électrique de l'élément thermosensible, et en ce que le dispositif comprend un organe de mesure de la température de l'air soufflé disposé à l'intérieur du circuit de circulation d'air, en sortie de l'échangeur thermique et une unité de pilotage de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément de chauffe électrique configurée pour piloter l'alimentation de l'élément de chauffe électrique en fonction au moins de la température de consigne et de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé.To this end, the invention relates to a device for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building comprising air blowing means comprising an air circulation circuit and at least one fan disposed on said circuit. air circulation; a heat exchanger between the blown air and a coolant circuit such as water; a valve for adjusting the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid into the heat exchanger; a shutter member of the valve; an actuator of said shutter member for the displacement of said shutter member between a closed position and an open position of the valve and a system for defining a target temperature of the blown air, characterized in that the valve is a two-way valve, in that the actuator comprises a thermosensitive element adapted to deform and / or move under the effect of heat and an electric heating element of the thermosensitive element, and in that the device comprises a member for measuring the temperature of the blown air disposed inside the air circulation circuit, at the outlet of the heat exchanger and a unit for controlling the electrical supply of the configured electric heating element to control the supply of the electric heating element according to at least the set temperature and the measured temperature of the supply air.
L'utilisation de la température de l'air soufflé et non de l'air ambiant comme élément de mesure permet une meilleure régulation.The use of the temperature of the supply air and not of the ambient air as measuring element allows a better regulation.
L'utilisation d'une vanne 2 voies dont l'obturation s'opère grâce à la présence d'un élément thermosensible permet une simplification de l'installation sans nuire aux performances de l'installation.The use of a 2-way valve whose shutter is operated through the presence of a heat-sensitive element allows a simplification of the installation without impairing the performance of the installation.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'unité de pilotage de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément de chauffe électrique est configurée pour piloter l'alimentation de l'élément de chauffe électrique par contrôle de la largeur d'impulsions périodiques, ladite unité de pilotage comprenant un module de calcul de rapport cyclique configuré pour calculer un paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique en fonction au moins de la température de consigne et de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé, et un module de commande d'alimentation configuré pour commander l'alimentation électrique de l'élément de chauffe électrique selon la valeur dudit paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique calculé.According to one embodiment of the invention, the control unit of the electric power supply of the electric heating element is configured to drive supplying the electric heating element by controlling the periodic pulse width, said control unit comprising a duty cycle calculation module configured to calculate a parameter representative of the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature and the measured temperature of the blown air, and a power control module configured to control the power supply of the electric heater according to the value of said parameter representative of the calculated duty cycle.
L'utilisation d'une vanne deux voies pilotée de manière quasi-proportionnelle, en fonction d'au moins une température de consigne et non pas de la température de l'air ambiant, mais de la température de l'air soufflé, permet une régulation réactive, offrant un confort à l'occupant du bâtiment et ce, à faible coût.The use of a two-way valve driven quasi-proportionally, according to at least one setpoint temperature and not the ambient air temperature, but the temperature of the air blown, allows a reactive regulation, offering comfort to the building occupant at a low cost.
Dans une telle conception, l'unité de pilotage est configurée pour piloter l'alimentation de l'élément de chauffage électrique par contrôle de la largeur d'impulsions périodiques, avec un cycle de contrôle d'impulsions en durée pouvant être divisé en temps de désactivation et en temps d'activation. Le temps d'activation est une durée durant laquelle le courant alimente l'élément de chauffe électrique et le temps de désactivation est une durée durant laquelle le courant n'alimente pas l'élément de chauffe électrique.In such a design, the control unit is configured to control the power supply of the electric heating element by controlling the periodic pulse width, with a pulse control cycle in time that can be divided into time. deactivation and activation time. The activation time is a time during which the current feeds the electric heating element and the deactivation time is a time during which the current does not supply the electric heating element.
Le rapport cyclique correspond au rapport du temps d'activation sur la durée totale du cycle, encore appelée période et formée par la somme des temps d'activation et de désactivation dudit cycle sur ladite période. En effet, le cycle de modulation se répète de manière périodique.The duty cycle corresponds to the ratio of the activation time over the total duration of the cycle, also called period and formed by the sum of the activation and deactivation times of said cycle on said period. Indeed, the modulation cycle repeats itself periodically.
La variation du rapport cyclique en fonction de la température de consigne et de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé permet d'alimenter l'élément de chauffe électrique, selon la valeur dudit rapport, et donc de piloter l'ouverture/fermeture de la vanne selon la valeur dudit rapport, obtenant ainsi un réglage fin du débit d'eau, à l'aide d'une simple vanne deux voies. Le rapport cyclique permet à la vanne deux voies d'occuper une position intermédiaire.The variation of the duty cycle as a function of the set temperature and the measured temperature of the blown air makes it possible to supply the electric heating element, according to the value of said ratio, and thus to control the opening / closing of the according to the value of said ratio, thus obtaining a fine adjustment of the water flow, using a simple two-way valve. The duty cycle allows the two-way valve to occupy an intermediate position.
Il en résulte ainsi un pilotage de l'ouverture/fermeture de la vanne en jouant sur les caractéristiques de l'alimentation électrique de la vanne, directement lié à la température de consigne et à la température mesurée de l'air soufflé.This results in a control of the opening / closing of the valve by adjusting the characteristics of the electrical supply of the valve, directly related to the set temperature and the measured temperature of the supply air.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le module de calcul de rapport cyclique est configuré pour calculer le paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique en fonction au moins de la température de consigne et de l'évolution de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé.According to one embodiment, the duty cycle calculation module is configured to calculate the representative parameter of the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature and the change in the measured temperature of the supply air.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le module de calcul de rapport cyclique est configuré pour calculer la pente de la courbe de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé en fonction du temps, en un premier point donné de cette courbe, définir une droite passant par ledit premier point et de pente égale à celle calculée, et sélectionner sur la droite un second point d'abscisse de temps supérieure à l'abscisse de temps du premier point et déterminer l'ordonnée de température de ce second point appelée température anticipée.According to one embodiment, the duty cycle calculation module is configured to calculate the slope of the curve of the measured temperature of the blown air as a function of time, at a given first point of this curve, define a straight line passing through said first point and slope equal to that calculated, and select on the right a second point of abscissa time greater than the abscissa of time of the first point and determine the temperature ordinate of this second point called anticipated temperature.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le module de calcul de rapport cyclique comprend des moyens de comparaison de la température anticipée et de la température de consigne de l'air soufflé, et des moyens de calcul ou de détermination de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique en fonction du résultat de la comparaison.According to one embodiment, the cyclic ratio calculation module comprises means for comparing the anticipated temperature and the set temperature of the blown air, and means for calculating or determining the value of the representative parameter of the report. cyclic depending on the result of the comparison.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'élément thermosensible est apte à se déformer sous l'effet de la chaleur pour le passage de l'organe d'obturation de la vanne de la position fermée, ou respectivement ouverte, vers la position ouverte, ou respectivement fermée, de la vanne lors d'une élévation de température et en ce que le dispositif comprend des moyens de rappel de l'organe d'obturation en position fermée, ou respectivement ouverte.According to one embodiment, the thermosensitive element is able to deform under the effect of heat for the passage of the shutter member of the valve from the closed position, or respectively open, to the open position, or respectively closed, of the valve during a rise in temperature and in that the device comprises means for returning the closure member in the closed position, or respectively open.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les moyens de calcul ou de détermination de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique sont configurés pour modifier la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique dans le sens d'une augmentation du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique lorsque la température anticipée est inférieure à la température de consigne et dans le sens d'une réduction de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique lorsque la température anticipée est supérieure à la température de consigne dans le cas d'une vanne normalement fermée, et en ce que les moyens de calcul ou de détermination de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique sont configurés pour modifier la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique dans le sens d'une réduction du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique lorsque la température anticipée est inférieure à la température de consigne et dans le sens d'une augmentation de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique lorsque la température anticipée est supérieure à la température de consigne dans le cas d'une vanne normalement ouverte.According to one embodiment, the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle are configured to modify the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle in the direction of an increase of the representative parameter of the duty cycle when the temperature anticipated is lower than the set temperature and in the direction of a reduction of the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle when the anticipated temperature is higher than the set temperature in the case of a normally closed valve, and in that the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representing the duty cycle are configured to modify the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle in the direction of a reduction of the representative parameter of the duty cycle when the anticipated temperature is lower than the temperature. of deposit and in the sense of a increasing the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle when the anticipated temperature is higher than the set temperature in the case of a normally open valve.
En d'autres termes, dans le cas d'une vanne normalement fermée, les moyens de calcul ou de détermination de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique sont configurés pour, lorsque la température anticipée est inférieure à la température de consigne, augmenter la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique et, lorsque la température anticipée est supérieure à la température de consigne, réduire la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique. De même, dans le cas d'une vanne normalement ouverte, les moyens de calcul ou de détermination de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique sont configurés pour, lorsque la température anticipée est inférieure à la température de consigne, réduire la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique et, lorsque la température anticipée est supérieure à la température de consigne, augmenter la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique.In other words, in the case of a normally closed valve, the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle are configured to, when the anticipated temperature is lower than the set temperature, increase the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle and, when the anticipated temperature is higher than the set temperature, reduce the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle. Likewise, in the case of a normally open valve, the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representing the duty cycle are configured to reduce the value of the parameter when the anticipated temperature is lower than the set temperature. representative of the duty cycle and, when the anticipated temperature is higher than the target temperature, increasing the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le module de calcul de rapport cyclique est configuré pour, lorsque la valeur calculée du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique est supérieure à une valeur de seuil haut prédéterminée appelée rapport cyclique max, affecter à la valeur dudit paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique, ladite valeur de seuil haut, et lorsque la valeur calculée du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique est inférieure à une valeur de seuil bas prédéterminée appelée rapport cyclique min, affecter à la valeur dudit paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique, ladite valeur de seuil bas.According to one embodiment, the duty cycle calculation module is configured to, when the calculated value of the parameter representing the duty cycle is greater than a predetermined high threshold value called the maximum duty cycle, assign to the value of said representative parameter of the ratio. cyclic, said high threshold value, and when the calculated value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle is less than a predetermined low threshold value called duty cycle min, assign to the value of said representative parameter of the duty cycle, said threshold value low.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'élément thermosensible est apte à se déformer sous l'effet de la chaleur pour le passage de l'organe d'obturation de la vanne de la position fermée vers la position ouverte de la vanne lors d'une élévation de température et en ce que le dispositif comprend des moyens de rappel de l'organe d'obturation en position fermée.According to one embodiment, the thermosensitive element is able to deform under the effect of heat for the passage of the shutter member of the valve from the closed position to the open position of the valve during a elevation of temperature and in that the device comprises means for returning the shutter member in the closed position.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'élément thermosensible de l'actionneur apte à se déformer sous l'effet de la chaleur est une cire et l'élément de chauffe électrique un élément résistif.According to one embodiment, the thermosensitive element of the actuator adapted to be deformed under the effect of heat is a wax and the electric heating element a resistive element.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le système de définition d'une température de consigne de l'air soufflé est formé des moyens d'entrée de données d'une interface homme/machine apte à communiquer par liaison sans fil avec l'unité de pilotage.According to one embodiment, the system for defining a set temperature of the blown air is formed by the data input means of a man / machine interface able to communicate by wireless connection with the control unit. .
L'invention a encore pour objet un procédé de régulation de la température de l'air soufflé d'un bâtiment, à l'aide d'un dispositif de régulation de la température de l'air soufflé dans un bâtiment, caractérisé en ce que la température de consigne de l'air soufflé ayant été définie, ledit procédé comprend une étape de mesure de la température de l'air soufflé à l'intérieur du circuit de circulation d'air, en sortie de l'échangeur thermique et une étape de pilotage de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément de chauffe électrique par contrôle de la largeur d'impulsions périodiques, ladite étape de pilotage comprenant une phase de calcul de la valeur d'un paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique en fonction au moins de la température de consigne et de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé, et une phase de commande de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément de chauffe électrique selon la valeur dudit paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique calculé.The invention also relates to a method for regulating the temperature of the blown air of a building, with the aid of a device for regulating the temperature of the air blown into a building, characterized in that the set temperature of the blown air having been defined, said method comprises a step of measuring the temperature of the air blown inside the air circulation circuit, at the outlet of the heat exchanger and a step controlling the power supply of the electric heating element by controlling the periodic pulse width, said driving step comprising a phase of calculating the value of a parameter representative of the duty cycle as a function of at least the set temperature and the measured temperature of the blown air, and a control phase of the electric power supply of the electric heating element according to the value of said representative parameter of the calculated duty cycle.
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La
figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'ensemble d'un dispositif de régulation de la température de l'air soufflé conforme à l'invention.Thefigure 1 represents a schematic overview of a device for regulating the temperature of the blown air according to the invention. -
La
figure 2 représente une vue schématique de la vanne, de l'actionneur de l'organe d'obturation de la vanne et de l'unité de pilotage de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément thermosensible de l'actionneur, en position ouverte de la vanne.Thefigure 2 represents a schematic view of the valve, the actuator of the shutter member of the valve and the control unit of the electrical power supply of the thermosensitive element of the actuator, in the open position of the valve . -
La
figure 3 représente une vue schématique de la vanne, de l'actionneur de l'organe d'obturation de la vanne et de l'unité de pilotage de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément thermosensible de l'actionneur, en position fermée de la vanne.Thefigure 3 represents a schematic view of the valve, the actuator of the shutter member of the valve and the control unit of the power supply of the thermosensitive element of the actuator, in the closed position of the valve . -
La
figure 4 représente une courbe de l'évolution de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé, en fonction du temps.Thefigure 4 represents a curve of the evolution of the measured temperature of the blown air, as a function of time.
Comme mentionné ci-dessus, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif 1 de régulation de la température de l'air soufflé dans un bâtiment constitué par une construction quelconque.As mentioned above, the subject of the invention is a
Ce dispositif 1 de régulation est généralement installé au moins partiellement dans les combles du bâtiment. Ce dispositif 1 de régulation comprend des moyens de soufflage d'air à l'intérieur du bâtiment, pour refroidir et réchauffer le volume intérieur dudit bâtiment.This
Ces moyens de soufflage d'air comprennent un circuit 20 de circulation d'air et un ventilateur 2 disposé sur le circuit 20 de circulation d'air entre la ou les entrées et la ou les sorties dudit circuit 20 de circulation d'air. Dans l'exemple représenté, le circuit 20 de circulation d'air comprend une entrée ou prise 17 d'air extérieur, qui est généralement fixée sur la toiture du bâtiment et deux sorties. De l'air neuf est donc introduit via cette prise 17 d'air, dans le ventilateur 2. Cet air est soufflé dans un échangeur 3 thermique disposé sur le circuit de circulation d'air pour y être réchauffé ou refroidi, avant de parvenir au volume intérieur de la construction à l'aide d'un réseau de gaines de soufflage, comme illustré à la
Au niveau de l'échangeur 3 thermique, l'air soufflé par le ventilateur se refroidit ou se réchauffe par échange de calories, avec un circuit de fluide caloporteur, en l'occurrence ici un circuit d'eau, l'échangeur 3 thermique étant un échangeur eau/air.At the level of the
Cet échangeur 3 thermique se présente par exemple sous forme d'un corps parallélépipédique logeant une partie du circuit d'eau, et à l'intérieur duquel circule l'air issu du ventilateur. L'eau est amenée dans ledit corps à l'aide d'une conduite 31 reliant une source d'eau représentée en 10 à la
Sur cette partie de conduit alimentant le corps de l'échangeur en eau est disposée une vanne 4 de réglage du débit d'entrée d'eau dans l'échangeur 3 thermique. L'eau qui sort du corps de l'échangeur 3 thermique est ici ramenée par une conduite 32 dite de retour, à la source 10 d'alimentation en eau du corps, pour une circulation en boucle de l'eau à l'intérieur dudit corps.On this portion of conduit supplying the body of the water exchanger is disposed a
La vanne 4 placée en entrée de l'échangeur 3 thermique permet donc de réguler le débit d'eau entrant dans l'échangeur 3 thermique, et par suite, la température de l'air soufflé circulant dans ledit échangeur 3 thermique. Cette vanne 4 est une vanne deux voies, c'est-à-dire qu'elle permet l'alimentation et l'absence d'alimentation en eau de l'échangeur 3 thermique, mais elle ne présente pas une troisième voie qui permettrait de détourner une partie du flux entrant vers la conduite de retour de l'échangeur 3 thermique.The
Cette vanne 4 est munie d'un organe 5 d'obturation et d'un actionneur 6 dudit organe 5 d'obturation, pour le déplacement dudit organe 5 d'obturation entre une position fermée et une position ouverte de la vanne 4.
Dans l'exemple représenté, le conduit délimité par le corps de vanne 4 est fermé ou ouvert à l'aide d'un clapet déplaçable axialement et constituant ledit organe 5 d'obturation.This
In the example shown, the duct delimited by the
Pour permettre le déplacement dudit organe 5 d'obturation entre une position fermée et une position ouverte de la vanne, l'actionneur 6 comprend un élément 7 thermosensible apte à se déformer et/ou à se déplacer sous l'effet de la chaleur, et un élément 8 de chauffe électrique de l'élément 7 thermosensible.To allow the displacement of said
Dans le cas d'une vanne 4 normalement fermée, comme illustré, le principe de fonctionnement est le suivant : l'élément 7 thermosensible est apte à se déformer sous l'effet de la chaleur, pour le passage de l'organe 5 d'obturation de la vanne 4 de la position fermée à la position ouverte de la vanne 4 lors d'une élévation de température, et le dispositif comprend des moyens 9 de rappel de l'organe 5 d'obturation en position fermée.In the case of a
Dans l'exemple représenté aux figures, l'élément 7 thermosensible de l'actionneur apte à se déformer sous l'effet de la chaleur est une cire logée dans une capsule, et l'élément 8 de chauffe électrique un élément résistif tel qu'une résistance électrique alimentée par un circuit électrique d'alimentation représenté en 11 aux figures.In the example shown in the figures, the
Le chauffage de la cire, sous l'action de l'élément de chauffe, à l'état alimenté de ce dernier, entraîne une déformation, en particulier une dilatation, de la cire et, par suite, un déplacement de l'organe 5 d'obturation de la position fermée à la position ouverte de la vanne.The heating of the wax, under the action of the heating element, in the energized state of the latter, causes a deformation, in particular an expansion, of the wax and, consequently, a displacement of the element shutter from the closed position to the open position of the valve.
Dès que l'élément 8 de chauffe n'est plus alimenté électriquement, la température de la cire diminue et les moyens 9 de rappel formés ici par un ressort hélicoïdal tendent à ramener l'organe 5 d'obturation en position fermée de la vanne.As soon as the
Bien évidemment, la vanne 4 aurait pu être une vanne normalement ouverte.Of course, the
Le dispositif 1 de régulation comprend encore un système 16 de définition d'une température de consigne de l'air soufflé, et un organe 15 de mesure de la température de l'air soufflé en sortie de l'échangeur 3 thermique.The
Dans l'exemple représenté, le système 16 de définition d'une température de consigne Tc de l'air soufflé est formé des moyens d'entrée de données d'une interface homme/machine apte à communiquer par liaison sans fil avec l'unité 12 de pilotage. Cette interface peut être formée par un écran affichant la température de consigne, cet écran étant équipé de boutons aptes à permettre une augmentation ou une diminution de la température de consigne affichée et correspondant à la température de consigne souhaitée.In the example shown, the
L'organe 15 de mesure de la température de l'air soufflé peut être formé par un capteur de température disposé au moins partiellement à l'intérieur du circuit 20 de circulation d'air, dans la partie du circuit disposée en aval de l'échangeur 3 thermique pris dans le sens de circulation de l'air à l'intérieur de l'échangeur 3 thermique. Cette partie du circuit correspond à la portion de circuit devant être entendue par l'expression « en sortie de l'échangeur » Ainsi, la température mesurée est celle de l'air soufflé et non celle de l'air ambiant. Le dispositif 1 comprend encore une unité 12 de pilotage de l'alimentation électrique de l'élément 8 de chauffe électrique configuré pour piloter l'alimentation de l'élément 8 de chauffe électrique par modulation de largeur d'impulsions.The
Cette unité 12 de pilotage comprend un module 13 de calcul de rapport cyclique configuré pour calculer un paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique en fonction au moins de la température Tc de consigne et de la température Tm mesurée de l'air soufflé et un module 14 de commande d'alimentation configuré pour commander l'alimentation électrique de l'élément 8 de chauffe électrique selon la valeur dudit paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique calculé.This
Le signal d'alimentation électrique est un signal périodique qui peut être de fréquence fixe ou variable. Le rapport cyclique correspond au ratio de la durée d'une impulsion à l'état haut ou non nul sur la période dudit signal. Ce rapport varie donc en fonction de la température de consigne et de la température mesurée de l'air soufflé.The power supply signal is a periodic signal which may be of fixed or variable frequency. The duty cycle corresponds to the ratio of the duration of a pulse in the high or non-zero state over the period of said signal. This ratio therefore varies according to the set temperature and the measured temperature of the supply air.
Le module de commande d'alimentation est donc configuré pour générer un signal d'alimentation en tant qu'une séquence d'impulsions avec une fréquence affectée et avec une durée ou largeur d'impulsions fonction du rapport cyclique calculé.The power control module is therefore configured to generate a power supply signal as a sequence of pulses with an assigned frequency and with a duration or pulse width depending on the calculated duty cycle.
Le rapport cyclique est égal au rapport t/p, avec t correspondant au temps pendant lequel le signal est actif, et p à la période totale du signal. Ainsi, la période du signal d'alimentation, qui est un signal périodique, étant égale par exemple à 1 s, lorsque le rapport cyclique est égal à 0,3 ou 30 %, le temps d'application d'une tension électrique au niveau de l'élément de chauffe est égal à 1000 x 0,3 = 300 ms sur ladite période. Lorsque le rapport cyclique est égal à 0,5 ou 50 %, le temps d'application d'une tension électrique au niveau de l'élément de chauffe est égal à 1000 x 0,5 = 500 ms sur ladite période. Ainsi, l'augmentation du rapport cyclique entraîne une augmentation du temps d'application d'une tension au niveau de l'élément de chauffe, tandis que la réduction de ce rapport entraîne une réduction du temps d'application d'une tension au niveau de l'élément de chauffe, pendant une période de temps prédéterminée correspondant à la période dudit signal.The duty cycle is equal to the ratio t / p, with t corresponding to the time during which the signal is active, and p to the total period of the signal. Thus, the period of the supply signal, which is a periodic signal, being equal for example to 1 s, when the duty cycle is equal to 0.3 or 30%, the time of application of a voltage at the level of of the heating element is equal to 1000 x 0.3 = 300 ms over said period. When the duty cycle is equal to 0.5 or 50%, the time of application of an electrical voltage at the heating element is equal to 1000 x 0.5 = 500 ms over said period. Thus, the increase in the duty cycle causes an increase in the time of application of a voltage at the heating element, while the reduction of this ratio results in a reduction in the time of application of a voltage at the level of the heating element. of the heating element, for a predetermined period of time corresponding to the period of said signal.
Le module 13 de calcul de rapport cyclique est donc configuré pour calculer le paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique en fonction au moins de la température Tc de consigne, et de l'évolution de la température Tm mesurée de l'air soufflé.The cyclic
Le module 13 de calcul de rapport cyclique est configuré pour calculer la pente de la courbe de la température Tm mesurée de l'air soufflé en fonction du temps, en un premier point donné de cette courbe, définir une droite passant par ledit premier point et de pente égale à celle calculée, et sélectionner sur la droite un second point d'abscisse de temps supérieure à l'abscisse de temps du premier point et déterminer l'ordonnée de température de ce second point appelée température anticipée Ta.The cyclic
Le module 13 de calcul de rapport cyclique comprend des moyens 132 de comparaison de la température Ta anticipée et de la température Tc de consigne de l'air soufflé, et des moyens 131 de calcul ou de détermination de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique en fonction du résultat de la comparaison.The
Généralement, les moyens de calcul ou de détermination de la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique sont configurés pour, lorsque la température anticipée est inférieure à la température de consigne, augmenter la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique et lorsque la température anticipée est supérieure à la température de consigne, réduire la valeur du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique.Generally, the means for calculating or determining the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle are configured to, when the anticipated temperature is lower than the set temperature, increase the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle and when the anticipated temperature is higher at the set temperature, reduce the value of the parameter representative of the duty cycle.
Ainsi, dans l'exemple représenté à la
À l'inverse, si l'on considère la troisième onde de la
Bien évidemment, dans le cas d'une vanne normalement ouverte, la fermeture de la vanne s'obtient, à l'inverse, par augmentation de la valeur de rapport cyclique.Of course, in the case of a normally open valve, the closing of the valve is obtained, conversely, by increasing the duty cycle value.
Il doit être noté que le module 13 de calcul de rapport cyclique est configuré pour, lorsque la valeur calculée du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique est supérieure à une valeur de seuil haut prédéterminée appelée rapport cyclique max, affecter à la valeur dudit paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique, ladite valeur de seuil haut, et lorsque la valeur calculée du paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique est inférieure à une valeur de seuil bas prédéterminée appelée rapport cyclique min, affecter à la valeur dudit paramètre représentatif du rapport cyclique, ladite valeur de seuil bas.It should be noted that the duty
Les fonctions et étapes décrites ci-dessus peuvent être mises en oeuvre sous forme de programme informatique ou via des composants matériels (par exemple des réseaux de portes programmables). En particulier, les fonctions et étapes opérées par l'unité de pilotage d'alimentation peuvent être réalisées au moins en partie par des jeux d'instructions ou modules informatiques implémentés dans un processeur ou contrôleur ou être réalisées par des composants électroniques dédiés ou des composants de type FPGA ou ASIC. Il est aussi possible de combiner des parties informatiques et des parties électroniques.The functions and steps described above can be implemented as a computer program or via hardware components (eg programmable gate networks). In particular, the functions and steps operated by the power control unit can be realized at least in part by sets of instructions or computer modules implemented in a processor or controller or be realized by dedicated electronic components or components. FPGA or ASIC type. It is also possible to combine computer parts and electronic parts.
Ainsi, l'unité de pilotage peut être réalisée sous forme d'une unité électronique et informatique. En particulier, le module de commande peut être réalisé sous forme d'un logiciel tournant sur microcontrôleur. Le module de commande d'alimentation peut être réalisé sous forme d'un circuit électronique de puissance, par exemple de type MOSFET, qui génère le signal d'alimentation électrique en fonction du rapport de cycle calculé par le module de commande. Enfin, le terme « comprenant » n'exclut pas d'autres éléments ou étapes. En outre, des caractéristiques ou étapes qui ont été décrites en référence à l'un des modes de réalisation exposés ci-dessus peuvent également être utilisées en combinaison avec d'autres caractéristiques ou étapes d'autres modes de réalisation exposés ci-dessus.Thus, the control unit can be implemented in the form of an electronic and computer unit. In particular, the control module can be implemented in the form of software running on a microcontroller. The power control module can be embodied as an electronic circuit of power, for example of the MOSFET type, which generates the power supply signal as a function of the cycle ratio calculated by the control module. Finally, the term "including" does not exclude other elements or steps. In addition, features or steps that have been described with reference to one of the embodiments set forth above may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments set forth above.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1657965A FR3055406B1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF BREATH AIR IN A BUILDING |
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EP3293427A1 true EP3293427A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
EP3293427B1 EP3293427B1 (en) | 2021-09-29 |
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EP17187166.8A Active EP3293427B1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2017-08-22 | Method and device for adjusting the temperature of the air blown into a building |
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FR (1) | FR3055406B1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4973024A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1990-11-27 | Toki Corporation Kabushiki Kaisha | Valve driven by shape memory alloy |
EP1093944A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-25 | Valeo Climatisation | Air conditioning or heating device for a vehicle compartment, supplied with a source of additional heating |
EP2863130A1 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-22 | Société Muller & Cie | System for the thermal regulation of a building |
-
2016
- 2016-08-26 FR FR1657965A patent/FR3055406B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-08-22 EP EP17187166.8A patent/EP3293427B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4973024A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1990-11-27 | Toki Corporation Kabushiki Kaisha | Valve driven by shape memory alloy |
EP1093944A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-25 | Valeo Climatisation | Air conditioning or heating device for a vehicle compartment, supplied with a source of additional heating |
EP2863130A1 (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-22 | Société Muller & Cie | System for the thermal regulation of a building |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3055406B1 (en) | 2018-09-07 |
EP3293427B1 (en) | 2021-09-29 |
FR3055406A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 |
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