EP3292287B1 - Water injection device of an internal combustion engine and method for operating such a water injection device - Google Patents

Water injection device of an internal combustion engine and method for operating such a water injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3292287B1
EP3292287B1 EP16716874.9A EP16716874A EP3292287B1 EP 3292287 B1 EP3292287 B1 EP 3292287B1 EP 16716874 A EP16716874 A EP 16716874A EP 3292287 B1 EP3292287 B1 EP 3292287B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
internal combustion
combustion engine
heating element
injection device
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EP16716874.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3292287A1 (en
Inventor
Ingmar Burak
Peter Schenk
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a water injection device. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating such a water injection device.
  • a problem with known water injection systems is possible icing up of water-carrying components of the water injection system.
  • a heating element is used to operate the system at temperatures below the freezing point of the water used in the water injection system.
  • the disadvantage of this heating element is that the heat is reduced to a small area around the heating element. This can result in sub-optimal thawing of the iced components of the water injection system.
  • the heating element may lose contact with the water that is still frozen. This is known as the "ice cave effect".
  • the internal combustion engine according to the invention with water injection device with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that iced components of the water injection device can be thawed safely and quickly. Furthermore, the so-called ice cave effect is avoided, which could otherwise lead to a considerable reduction in the efficiency of the heating element.
  • a water injection device of an internal combustion engine which comprises a water tank for storing water, at least one water injector, a conveying element for conveying the water, which is connected to the water tank via a suction line and a return line, and a first heating element which is at least partially arranged on the suction line.
  • the first heating element is set up to thaw frozen water in the water tank and / or in the suction line in order to convey the thawed water in the suction line back into the water tank via the return line.
  • the heat generated by the heating element is evenly distributed in the water tank. This enables the water injection device to be ready for operation earlier at temperatures below the freezing point of the water and to allow the entire amount of water in the water tank to be thawed safely and quickly.
  • the requirements for the first heating element can be reduced, which leads to a cost-effective and compact design of the water injection device.
  • the conveying element is also set up to be operated during an active water injection during the thawing process that a minimum amount of thawed water remains in the water tank.
  • a minimum amount of thawed water remains in the water tank.
  • the water injection device preferably also has a second heating element which is at least partially arranged on the return line.
  • the second heating element is set up to additionally heat the water thawed by the first heating element.
  • the second heating element can be switched on if water in the return line is frozen.
  • the water in the return line can be thawed by the waste heat from the second heating element in addition to the heat introduced in the water that has already thawed.
  • the water injection device preferably comprises a delivery line, via which the delivery element is connected to the water injector, and on which a third heating element is at least partially arranged.
  • the third heating element can have a supporting effect on the first heating element and / or the second heating element.
  • the water injection device further preferably comprises a fourth heating element which is arranged in the water tank.
  • a fourth heating element By providing the fourth heating element, a faster thawing of the iced water tank is achieved.
  • the first heating element and / or the second heating element and / or the third heating element and / or the fourth heating element can preferably be designed as a unit.
  • the first heating element and / or the second heating element and / or the third heating element and / or the fourth heating element particularly preferably has an electrical heating element and / or a hydraulic heat exchanger.
  • An electrical heating element offers the advantage of simple control.
  • a hydraulic heat exchanger can be adapted to the respective space and design requirements, which leads to an optimal heat transfer to the frozen water.
  • the hydraulic heat exchanger is preferably set up to use cooling water from the internal combustion engine to thaw the frozen water. In this way, the heat that is contained in the cooling water due to the cooling of the internal combustion engine can be reused.
  • the conveying element is advantageously set up to be operated at a non-optimal operating point of the conveying element in order to generate heat.
  • the non-optimal operating point is to be understood as the operating point at which part of the electrical power is converted into heat in a drive of the conveying element.
  • the delivery element is designed as a pump, it is desirable to operate the pump at a lower speed than that at an optimal operating point, so that the heat generated by the delivery element is transferred to the water.
  • the internal combustion engine is set up to be operated with gasoline and according to the Otto principle.
  • Such an internal combustion engine is to be understood as the internal combustion engine in which gasoline or gasoline-air mixture is burned by external ignition in the form of a spark plug. Since in such an internal combustion engine the ignition point is precisely predetermined by the spark ignition and the combustion is improved by the water injection, a fail-safe functioning of the internal combustion engine is achieved by the circulation of the water thawed by the at least one provided heating element in the water injection device.
  • the water injection device according to the invention is used in an internal combustion engine with direct injection and turbocharging.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operating a water injection device with at least one water injector, and a conveying element for conveying the water, which is connected to a water tank via a suction line and a return line.
  • a water injection device with at least one water injector, and a conveying element for conveying the water, which is connected to a water tank via a suction line and a return line.
  • water located in the water tank and / or in the suction line which is frozen is thawed by a first heating element.
  • the thawed water in the suction line is returned to the water tank via the return line Water injection device promoted.
  • the conveying element is operated during the thawing process in such a way that a minimum amount of thawed water remains in the water tank.
  • the conveying element is preferably operated at a non-optimal operating point of the conveying element in order to generate heat.
  • a water injection device 1 of an internal combustion engine 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 is operated according to the Otto principle and with gasoline direct injection.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 which has a plurality of cylinders, and part of the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 comprises a combustion chamber 20 per cylinder, in which a piston 21 can be moved back and forth.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 preferably has two inlet valves 25 per cylinder, each with an inlet channel 22, via which air is supplied to the combustion chamber 20.
  • Exhaust gas is discharged via an exhaust gas duct 23.
  • an outlet valve 26 is arranged on the exhaust gas duct 23.
  • the reference numeral 24 also denotes a fuel injection valve.
  • two water injectors 6 are provided per cylinder, which leads to better treatment or to an increase in the maximum amount of water that can be injected per combustion cycle.
  • one water injector can be arranged per cylinder.
  • the water injection device 1 comprises a pump designed as a pump Delivery element 3 and an electric drive 4 for driving the pump. Furthermore, a water tank 5 is provided, which is connected to the conveying element 3 by a suction line 7. A delivery line 8 connects the delivery element 3 to a distributor 9 or a rail to which a plurality of water injectors 6 are connected.
  • water is supplied from the water tank 5 through the conveying element 3 into the water injectors 6.
  • a condensate from an evaporator (not shown) of an air conditioning system is preferably used, for which purpose the water injection device 1 according to the invention has an inlet line 11.
  • deionized water can be conveyed into the water tank 5 via a refill line 12.
  • a sieve can optionally be provided in the refill line 12.
  • a pre-filter 16 is arranged in the first line 7 and a fine filter 17 is arranged in the delivery line 8, which can optionally be heated.
  • a pressure regulator 15 in the form of a diaphragm is arranged in a return line 13 which connects the delivery line 8 to the water tank 5.
  • a check valve can be used as the pressure regulator 15 instead of a diaphragm.
  • a pressure sensor 14 is also provided in the delivery line 8 for pressure regulation.
  • the water injection device 1 is used at temperatures below the freezing point of the water of the water injection device 1, the water tank 5 and / or the suction line 7 can freeze up. This area of the water injection device 1 can be sensitive, even when the internal combustion engine 1 is in operation, since this area can be remote from the combustion chamber 22.
  • a temperature or fill level sensor 18 can be used, for example.
  • a first heating element 19a is arranged in the suction line 7.
  • the first heating element 19a is set up to thaw the frozen water in the water tank 5 and / or in the suction line 7.
  • the conveying element 3 is also set up to convey the thawed water in the suction line 7 and / or the water tank 5 back into the water tank 5 via the return line 13.
  • the first heating element 19a can be designed as an electrical heating element such as an electrical resistor and / or as a hydraulic heat exchanger.
  • the hydraulic heat exchanger can be set up to use cooling water from the internal combustion engine 2 to thaw the frozen water.
  • a small portion of the water in the water tank 5 and / or in the suction line 7 of the conveying element 3 is first thawed. As soon as this water volume has thawed, the conveying element 3 is switched on when the water injection is still inactive, i.e. when the water injectors 6 are closed. The thawed water is then fed to the water tank 5 via the return line 13 via the pressure regulator 15.
  • the conveying element 3 can be operated at a non-optimal operating point.
  • the conveying element 3 can preferably be operated deliberately in a speed range in which the heat losses of the conveying element 3 increase. That is, the efficiency of the conveying element 3 is not optimum operating point is not maximum. This leads to a further warming of the circulating water, which facilitates the thawing of the still frozen water.
  • a water injection by the internal combustion engine 2 is requested during this optimized thawing process, a water injection quantity is first permitted so that enough thawed water still remains in the partially iced water tank 5. This means that the defrosting process can take place without interruption.
  • the permitted water injection quantity is insufficient for the combustion-relevant injection, i.e. if the water injection quantity available for injection is less than a minimum water injection quantity required for combustion, the power of internal combustion engine 2 is reduced.
  • problems in the operation of the internal combustion engine 2, such as knocking, due to the reduced amount of water injection can be avoided.
  • the water injection device 1 can be used to thaw the frozen water in the water tank 5 and in the suction line 7 more quickly.
  • the water injection device 1 is ready for operation earlier.
  • the water injection device 1 In order to support the thawing of the frozen water, the water injection device 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment ( Figure 3 ) also have a second heating element 19b.
  • the second heating element 19b is arranged on the return line 13. The water that has already thawed can thus be heated further during its circulation in order to introduce more heat into the water tank 5.
  • the second heating element 19b can also be helpful if the return line 13 is completely or partially iced up.
  • the Figure 4 Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the third exemplary embodiment differs from the second exemplary embodiment in that a third heating element 19c is arranged in the delivery line 8. This means that more heat can be transferred to the thawed water.
  • the third heating element 19c is preferably arranged upstream of the return line 13 in the conveying direction of the water.
  • the water injection device 1 has a fourth heating element 19d.
  • the fourth heating element 19d is arranged inside the water tank 5. By providing a fourth heating element, the frozen water in the water tank 5 can be thawed more quickly. Thus, the water injection device 1 can be operational earlier.
  • the heating elements 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d can form a heating unit.
  • the heating elements 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d are designed as hydraulic heat exchangers, the heat can be transferred to the water in a unitary circuit.
  • heating elements 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d can also serve as the heating for the heated filter elements 16 and 17.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Wassereinspritzvorrichtung. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer derartigen Wassereinspritzvorrichtung.The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a water injection device. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating such a water injection device.

Aufgrund steigender Anforderungen an reduzierte Kohlenstoffdioxidemissionen werden Brennkraftmaschinen zunehmend hinsichtlich des Kraftstoffverbrauchs optimiert. Allerdings können bekannte Brennkraftmaschinen in Betriebspunkten mit hoher Last nicht optimal im Hinblick auf den Verbrauch betrieben werden, da der Betrieb durch Klopfneigung und hohe Abgastemperaturen begrenzt ist. Eine mögliche Maßnahme zur Reduzierung der Klopfneigung und zur Senkung der Abgastemperaturen ist die Einspritzung von Wasser. Hierbei sind üblicherweise separate Wassereinspritzsysteme vorhanden, um die Wassereinspritzung zu ermöglichen. So ist z.B. aus der WO 2014/080266 A1 ein Wassereinspritzsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasrückführung bekannt, bei dem das Wasser in den Massenstrom der Abgasrückführung eingespritzt wird. Ein weiteres Wassereinspritzsystem ist in der WO 03/089776 A1 gezeigt.Due to the increasing requirements for reduced carbon dioxide emissions, internal combustion engines are increasingly being optimized with regard to fuel consumption. However, known internal combustion engines cannot be operated optimally in terms of consumption at operating points with a high load, since operation is limited by the tendency to knock and high exhaust gas temperatures. One possible measure to reduce the tendency to knock and to lower the exhaust gas temperatures is the injection of water. In this case, separate water injection systems are usually available in order to enable the water injection. For example, from the WO 2014/080266 A1 a water injection system for an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation is known, in which the water is injected into the mass flow of the exhaust gas recirculation. Another water injection system is in the WO 03/089776 A1 shown.

Ein Problem bei bekannten Wassereinspritzsystemen ist eine mögliche Vereisung von wasserführenden Komponenten des Wassereinspritzsystems. Um das System auch bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes des im Wassereinspritzsystem verwendeten Wassers zu betreiben, wird ein Heizungselement benutzt. Nachteilig an diesem Heizungselement ist, dass sich die Wärme auf einen kleinen Ort um das Heizungselement reduziert. Dies kann ein nicht optimales Auftauen der vereisten Komponenten des Wassereinspritzsystems zur Folge haben. Insbesondere wenn Wasser aufgrund einer angeforderten Wassereinspritzung aus einem teilweise aufgetauten Wassertank angesaugt wird, kann es zu einem Kontaktverlust des Heizungselements mit dem noch gefrorenen Wasser führen. Dies ist als "Eishöhleneffekt" bezeichnet. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass nicht genug Wasser zum weiteren Einspritzen zur Verfügung steht, was eine Beeinträchtigung der Funktionsweise der Brennkraftmaschine verursachen kann.A problem with known water injection systems is possible icing up of water-carrying components of the water injection system. A heating element is used to operate the system at temperatures below the freezing point of the water used in the water injection system. The disadvantage of this heating element is that the heat is reduced to a small area around the heating element. This can result in sub-optimal thawing of the iced components of the water injection system. Especially when due to water After a requested water injection is sucked in from a partially thawed water tank, the heating element may lose contact with the water that is still frozen. This is known as the "ice cave effect". As a result, it is possible that not enough water is available for further injection, which can impair the functioning of the internal combustion engine.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine mit Wassereinspritzvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass ein Auftauen von vereisten Komponenten der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung sicher und schnell erfolgen kann. Weiterhin wird der sogenannte Eishöhlen-Effekt vermieden, was anderenfalls zu einer erheblichen Reduzierung des Wirkungsgrads des Heizungselements führen könnte. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Wassereinspritzvorrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine erreicht, welche einen Wassertank zur Speicherung von Wasser, mindestens einen Wasserinjektor, ein Förderelement zum Fördern des Wassers, welches über eine Ansaugleitung und über eine Rücklaufleitung mit dem Wassertank verbunden ist, und ein erstes Heizungselement umfasst, welches zumindest teilweise an der Ansaugleitung angeordnet ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist das erste Heizungselement eingerichtet, im Wassertank und/oder in der Ansaugleitung befindliches Wasser, welches gefroren ist, aufzutauen, um das aufgetaute Wasser in der Ansaugleitung über die Rücklaufleitung zurück in den Wassertank zu fördern. Durch die Zirkulation des aufgetauten Wassers wird die durch das Heizungselement erzeugte Wärme gleichmäßig im Wassertank verteilt. Somit werden eine frühere Betriebsbereitschaft der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes des Wassers sowie ein sicheres Auftauen der gesamten Wassermenge des Wassertanks in schneller Weise ermöglicht. Dadurch können die Anforderungen an das erste Heizungselement verringert werden, was zu einem kostengünstigen und kompakten Aufbau der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung führt. Das Förderelement ist weiterhin eingerichtet, bei einer aktiven Wassereinspritzung während des Auftauvorgangs so betrieben zu werden, dass eine Mindestmenge vom aufgetauten Wasser im Wassertank verbleibt. Somit kann das Auftauen des restlichen gefrorenen Wassers ununterbrochen erfolgen, auch wenn eine große Wassereinspritzmenge gefordert wird.The internal combustion engine according to the invention with water injection device with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that iced components of the water injection device can be thawed safely and quickly. Furthermore, the so-called ice cave effect is avoided, which could otherwise lead to a considerable reduction in the efficiency of the heating element. This is achieved according to the invention by a water injection device of an internal combustion engine, which comprises a water tank for storing water, at least one water injector, a conveying element for conveying the water, which is connected to the water tank via a suction line and a return line, and a first heating element which is at least partially arranged on the suction line. According to the invention, the first heating element is set up to thaw frozen water in the water tank and / or in the suction line in order to convey the thawed water in the suction line back into the water tank via the return line. As the thawed water circulates, the heat generated by the heating element is evenly distributed in the water tank. This enables the water injection device to be ready for operation earlier at temperatures below the freezing point of the water and to allow the entire amount of water in the water tank to be thawed safely and quickly. As a result, the requirements for the first heating element can be reduced, which leads to a cost-effective and compact design of the water injection device. The conveying element is also set up to be operated during an active water injection during the thawing process that a minimum amount of thawed water remains in the water tank. Thus, the remaining frozen water can be thawed continuously even when a large amount of water injection is required.

Die Unteransprüche zeigen bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The subclaims show preferred developments of the invention.

Um das Auftauen des gefrorenen Wassers zu unterstützen, weist vorzugsweise die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung ferner ein zweites Heizungselement auf, welches zumindest teilweise an der Rücklaufleitung angeordnet ist. Das zweite Heizungselement ist eingerichtet, das durch das erste Heizungselement aufgetaute Wasser zusätzlich zu erwärmen. Außerdem kann das zweite Heizungselement eingeschaltet werden, wenn auch Wasser, welches sich in der Rücklaufleitung befindet, eingefroren ist. Somit kann das Wasser in der Rücklaufleitung durch die Abwärme des zweiten Heizungselements nebst der im schon aufgetauten Wasser eingetragenen Wärme aufgetaut werden.In order to support the thawing of the frozen water, the water injection device preferably also has a second heating element which is at least partially arranged on the return line. The second heating element is set up to additionally heat the water thawed by the first heating element. In addition, the second heating element can be switched on if water in the return line is frozen. Thus, the water in the return line can be thawed by the waste heat from the second heating element in addition to the heat introduced in the water that has already thawed.

Ferner bevorzugt umfasst die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung eine Förderleitung, über welche das Förderelement mit dem Wasserinjektor verbunden ist, und an welcher ein drittes Heizungselement zumindest teilweise angeordnet ist. Das dritte Heizungselement kann unterstützend zu dem ersten Heizungselement und/oder dem zweiten Heizungselement wirken.Furthermore, the water injection device preferably comprises a delivery line, via which the delivery element is connected to the water injector, and on which a third heating element is at least partially arranged. The third heating element can have a supporting effect on the first heating element and / or the second heating element.

Weiter bevorzugt umfasst die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung ein viertes Heizungselement, welches im Wassertank angeordnet ist. Durch das Vorsehen des vierten Heizungselements wird ein schnelleres Auftauen des vereisten Wassertanks erzielt.The water injection device further preferably comprises a fourth heating element which is arranged in the water tank. By providing the fourth heating element, a faster thawing of the iced water tank is achieved.

Das erste Heizungselement und/oder das zweite Heizungselement und/oder das dritte Heizungselement und/oder das vierte Heizungselement können vorzugsweise als eine Einheit ausgebildet sein.The first heating element and / or the second heating element and / or the third heating element and / or the fourth heating element can preferably be designed as a unit.

Besonders bevorzugt weist das erste Heizungselement und/oder das zweite Heizungselement und/oder das dritte Heizungselement und/oder das vierte Heizungselement ein elektrisches Heizungselement und/oder einen hydraulischen Wärmetauscher auf. Ein elektrisches Heizungselement bietet den Vorteil einer einfachen Steuerung. Auf der anderen Seite kann ein hydraulischer Wärmetauscher an die jeweiligen Platz- und Designanforderungen angepasst werden, was zu einer optimalen Wärmeübertragung auf das gefrorene Wasser führt.The first heating element and / or the second heating element and / or the third heating element and / or the fourth heating element particularly preferably has an electrical heating element and / or a hydraulic heat exchanger. An electrical heating element offers the advantage of simple control. On the other hand, a hydraulic heat exchanger can be adapted to the respective space and design requirements, which leads to an optimal heat transfer to the frozen water.

Der hydraulische Wärmetauscher ist vorzugsweise eingerichtet, Kühlwasser der Brennkraftmaschine zum Auftauen des gefrorenen Wassers zu benutzen. Somit kann die Wärme, die im Kühlwasser durch das Abkühlen der Brennkraftmaschine steckt, wiederverwendet werden.The hydraulic heat exchanger is preferably set up to use cooling water from the internal combustion engine to thaw the frozen water. In this way, the heat that is contained in the cooling water due to the cooling of the internal combustion engine can be reused.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist das Förderelement eingerichtet, in einem nicht optimalen Betriebspunkt des Förderelements betrieben zu werden, um Wärme zu erzeugen. Als nicht optimaler Betriebspunkt ist der Arbeitspunkt zu verstehen, an welchem ein Teil der der elektrischen Leistung in einem Antrieb des Förderelements in Wärme umgewandelt wird.The conveying element is advantageously set up to be operated at a non-optimal operating point of the conveying element in order to generate heat. The non-optimal operating point is to be understood as the operating point at which part of the electrical power is converted into heat in a drive of the conveying element.

Wenn das Förderelement als Pumpe ausgebildet ist, ist ein Betrieb der Pumpe bei niedrigerer Drehzahl als der bei einem optimalen Betriebspunkt erwünscht, so dass die erzeugte Wärme des Förderelements auf das Wasser übertragen wird.If the delivery element is designed as a pump, it is desirable to operate the pump at a lower speed than that at an optimal operating point, so that the heat generated by the delivery element is transferred to the water.

Insbesondere ist die Brennkraftmaschine eingerichtet, mit Benzin und nach dem Otto-Prinzip betrieben zu werden. Als eine solche Brennkraftmaschine ist die Brennkraftmaschine zu verstehen, bei welcher eine Verbrennung von Benzin bzw. Benzin-Luft-Gemisch durch Fremdzündung in Form einer Zündkerze erfolgt. Da bei einer solchen Brennkraftmaschine der Zündzeitpunkt durch die Fremdzündung genau vorbestimmt ist und durch die Wassereinspritzung die Verbrennung verbessert wird, wird durch die Zirkulation des durch das mindestens eine vorgesehene Heizungselement aufgetauten Wassers in der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung eine ausfallsichere Funktionsweise der Brennkraftmaschine erzielt.In particular, the internal combustion engine is set up to be operated with gasoline and according to the Otto principle. Such an internal combustion engine is to be understood as the internal combustion engine in which gasoline or gasoline-air mixture is burned by external ignition in the form of a spark plug. Since in such an internal combustion engine the ignition point is precisely predetermined by the spark ignition and the combustion is improved by the water injection, a fail-safe functioning of the internal combustion engine is achieved by the circulation of the water thawed by the at least one provided heating element in the water injection device.

Insbesondere ist die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung in einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung und Turboaufladung eingesetzt.In particular, the water injection device according to the invention is used in an internal combustion engine with direct injection and turbocharging.

Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wassereinspritzvorrichtung mit mindestens einem Wasserinjektor, und einem Förderelement zum Fördern des Wassers, welches über eine Ansaugleitung und über eine Rücklaufleitung mit einem Wassertank verbunden ist. Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird im Wassertank und/oder in der Ansaugleitung befindliches Wasser, welches gefroren ist, durch ein erstes Heizungselement aufgetaut. Das aufgetaute Wasser in der Ansaugleitung wird erfindungsgemäß über die Rücklaufleitung zurück in den Wassertank der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gefördert. Das Förderelement wird bei einer aktiven Wassereinspritzung während des Auftauvorgangs so betrieben, dass eine Mindestmenge vom aufgetauten Wasser im Wassertank verbleibt.The present invention also relates to a method for operating a water injection device with at least one water injector, and a conveying element for conveying the water, which is connected to a water tank via a suction line and a return line. According to the method according to the invention, water located in the water tank and / or in the suction line which is frozen is thawed by a first heating element. According to the invention, the thawed water in the suction line is returned to the water tank via the return line Water injection device promoted. With active water injection, the conveying element is operated during the thawing process in such a way that a minimum amount of thawed water remains in the water tank.

Vorzugsweise wird das Förderelement in einem nicht optimalen Betriebspunkt des Förderelements betrieben, um Wärme zu erzeugen.The conveying element is preferably operated at a non-optimal operating point of the conveying element in order to generate heat.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitende Zeichnung im Detail beschrieben, wobei gleiche bzw. funktional gleiche Teile jeweils mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind. In der Zeichnung ist:

Figur 1
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Ansicht einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Figur 2
eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Figur 3
eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Figur 4
eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel, und
Figur 5
eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel.
In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, identical or functionally identical parts being designated by the same reference numerals. In the drawing is:
Figure 1
a greatly simplified schematic view of an internal combustion engine with a water injection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 2
a simplified schematic view of the water injection device according to the first embodiment,
Figure 3
a simplified schematic view of the water injection device according to a second embodiment,
Figure 4
a simplified schematic view of the water injection device according to a third embodiment, and
Figure 5
a simplified schematic view of the water injection device according to a fourth embodiment.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

Nachfolgend wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 und 2 eine Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 einer Brennkraftmaschine 2 gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung im Detail beschrieben. Insbesondere wird die Brennkraftmaschine 2 nach dem Otto-Prinzip und mit Benzindirekteinspritzung betrieben.In the following, with reference to the Figures 1 and 2 a water injection device 1 of an internal combustion engine 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. In particular, the internal combustion engine 2 is operated according to the Otto principle and with gasoline direct injection.

In Figur 1 ist die Brennkraftmaschine 2, welche eine Vielzahl von Zylindern aufweist, sowie ein Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 schematisch dargestellt. Die Brennkraftmaschine 2 umfasst pro Zylinder einen Brennraum 20, in welchem ein Kolben 21 hin und her bewegbar ist. Ferner weist vorzugsweise die Brennkraftmaschine 2 pro Zylinder zwei Einlassventile 25 mit jeweils einem Einlasskanal 22 auf, über welche Luft zum Brennraum 20 zugeführt wird. Abgas wird über einen Abgaskanal 23 abgeführt. Hierzu ist am Abgaskanal 23 ein Auslassventil 26 angeordnet. Das Bezugszeichen 24 bezeichnet ferner ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil.In Figure 1 the internal combustion engine 2, which has a plurality of cylinders, and part of the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically. The internal combustion engine 2 comprises a combustion chamber 20 per cylinder, in which a piston 21 can be moved back and forth. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine 2 preferably has two inlet valves 25 per cylinder, each with an inlet channel 22, via which air is supplied to the combustion chamber 20. Exhaust gas is discharged via an exhaust gas duct 23. For this purpose, an outlet valve 26 is arranged on the exhaust gas duct 23. The reference numeral 24 also denotes a fuel injection valve.

An jedem Einlasskanal 22 ist ferner ein Wasserinjektor 6 angeordnet, welcher über eine Steuereinheit 10 Wasser in den Einlasskanal 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 einspritzt. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind zwei Wasserinjektoren 6 pro Zylinder vorgesehen, was zur besseren Aufbereitung oder zur Erhöhung der pro Verbrennungszyklus maximal einspritzbaren Wassermenge führt. Alternativ kann ein Wasserinjektor pro Zylinder angeordnet sein.A water injector 6, which injects water into the inlet channel 22 of the internal combustion engine 2 via a control unit 10, is also arranged on each inlet channel 22. In this exemplary embodiment, two water injectors 6 are provided per cylinder, which leads to better treatment or to an increase in the maximum amount of water that can be injected per combustion cycle. Alternatively, one water injector can be arranged per cylinder.

In Figur 2 ist die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 im Detail gezeigt. Die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 umfasst ein als Pumpe ausgebildetes Förderelement 3 und einen elektrischen Antrieb 4 zum Antreiben der Pumpe. Des Weiteren ist ein Wassertank 5 vorgesehen, welcher durch eine Ansaugleitung 7 mit dem Förderelement 3 verbunden ist. Eine Förderleitung 8 verbindet das Förderelement 3 mit einem Verteiler 9 bzw. einem Rail, an welchem eine Vielzahl von Wasserinjektoren 6 angeschlossen ist.In Figure 2 the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown in detail. The water injection device 1 comprises a pump designed as a pump Delivery element 3 and an electric drive 4 for driving the pump. Furthermore, a water tank 5 is provided, which is connected to the conveying element 3 by a suction line 7. A delivery line 8 connects the delivery element 3 to a distributor 9 or a rail to which a plurality of water injectors 6 are connected.

Zum Einspritzen von Wasser in die Einlasskanäle 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 wird Wasser aus dem Wassertank 5 durch das Förderelement 3 in die Wasserinjektoren 6 zugeführt. Dafür wird bevorzugt ein Kondensat eines nicht gezeigten Verdampfers einer Klimaanlage verwendet, wozu die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 eine Zulaufleitung 11 aufweist.In order to inject water into the inlet channels 22 of the internal combustion engine 2, water is supplied from the water tank 5 through the conveying element 3 into the water injectors 6. For this purpose, a condensate from an evaporator (not shown) of an air conditioning system is preferably used, for which purpose the water injection device 1 according to the invention has an inlet line 11.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich zum Kondensat kann deionisiertes Wasser über eine Nachfüllleitung 12 in den Wassertank 5 gefördert werden. In der Nachfüllleitung 12 kann optional ein Sieb vorgesehen sein. Ferner sind ein Vorfilter 16 in der ersten Leitung 7 und ein Feinfilter 17 in der Förderleitung 8 angeordnet, welche optional beheizt werden können.As an alternative or in addition to the condensate, deionized water can be conveyed into the water tank 5 via a refill line 12. A sieve can optionally be provided in the refill line 12. Furthermore, a pre-filter 16 is arranged in the first line 7 and a fine filter 17 is arranged in the delivery line 8, which can optionally be heated.

Wird nun über die Steuereinheit 10, welche bevorzugt als die Steuereinheit der Brennkraftmaschine 2 ausgebildet ist, eine Wassereinspritzung unter normalen Umgebungstemperaturen angefordert, so wird mittels des Förderelements 3 Wasser aus dem Wassertank 5 angesaugt. Zum Einstellen des gewünschten Systemdrucks im Verteiler 9 ist ein Druckregler 15 in der Form einer Blende in einer Rücklaufleitung 13 angeordnet, welche die Förderleitung 8 mit dem Wassertank 5 verbindet. Nach einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann anstatt einer Blende ein Rückschlagventil als der Druckregler 15 benutzt werden. Zur Druckregelung ist ferner ein Drucksensor 14 in der Förderleitung 8 vorgesehen.If a water injection at normal ambient temperatures is now requested via the control unit 10, which is preferably designed as the control unit of the internal combustion engine 2, then water is sucked in from the water tank 5 by means of the conveying element 3. To set the desired system pressure in the distributor 9, a pressure regulator 15 in the form of a diaphragm is arranged in a return line 13 which connects the delivery line 8 to the water tank 5. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a check valve can be used as the pressure regulator 15 instead of a diaphragm. A pressure sensor 14 is also provided in the delivery line 8 for pressure regulation.

Wenn allerdings die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes des Wassers der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 benutzt wird, kann es zu einer Vereisung des Wassertanks 5 und/oder der Ansaugleitung 7 führen. Dieser Bereich der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 kann empfindlich sein, auch wenn die Brennkraftmaschine 1 im Betrieb ist, da dieser Bereich vom Brennraum 22 entfernt sein kann. Um eine Vereisung des Wassertanks 5 und/oder der Ansaugleitung 7 zu erkennen, kann z.B. ein Temperatur- bzw. Füllstandsensor 18 benutzt werden.If, however, the water injection device 1 is used at temperatures below the freezing point of the water of the water injection device 1, the water tank 5 and / or the suction line 7 can freeze up. This area of the water injection device 1 can be sensitive, even when the internal combustion engine 1 is in operation, since this area can be remote from the combustion chamber 22. In order to detect icing of the water tank 5 and / or the suction line 7, a temperature or fill level sensor 18 can be used, for example.

Zum Auftauen des gefrorenen Wasser ist ein erstes Heizungselement 19a in der Ansaugleitung 7 angeordnet. Das erste Heizungselement 19a ist eingerichtet, das im Wassertank 5 und/oder in der Ansaugleitung 7 befindliches Wasser, welches gefroren ist, aufzutauen.To thaw the frozen water, a first heating element 19a is arranged in the suction line 7. The first heating element 19a is set up to thaw the frozen water in the water tank 5 and / or in the suction line 7.

Das Förderelement 3 ist ferner eingerichtet, das aufgetaute Wasser in der Ansaugleitung 7 und/oder dem Wassertank 5 über die Rücklaufleitung 13 zurück in den Wassertank 5 zu fördern.The conveying element 3 is also set up to convey the thawed water in the suction line 7 and / or the water tank 5 back into the water tank 5 via the return line 13.

Das erste Heizungselement 19a kann als ein elektrisches Heizungselement wie z.B. ein elektrischer Widerstand und/oder als ein hydraulischer Wärmetauscher ausgebildet sein. Hierbei kann der hydraulische Wärmetauscher eingerichtet sein, Kühlwasser der Brennkraftmaschine 2 zum Auftauen des gefrorenen Wassers zu benutzen.The first heating element 19a can be designed as an electrical heating element such as an electrical resistor and / or as a hydraulic heat exchanger. Here, the hydraulic heat exchanger can be set up to use cooling water from the internal combustion engine 2 to thaw the frozen water.

Für eine möglichst frühe Betriebsbereitschaft der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 wird zunächst ein kleiner Teil des Wassers im Wassertank 5 und/oder in der Ansaugleitung 7 des Förderelements 3 aufgetaut. Sobald dieses Wasservolumen aufgetaut ist, wird das Förderelement 3 bei noch inaktiver Wassereinspritzung, d.h. bei geschlossenen Wasserinjektoren 6, eingeschaltet. Das aufgetaute Wasser wird dann über die Rücklaufleitung 13 über den Druckregler 15 zum Wassertank 5 zugeführt.To ensure that the water injection device 1 is ready for operation as early as possible, a small portion of the water in the water tank 5 and / or in the suction line 7 of the conveying element 3 is first thawed. As soon as this water volume has thawed, the conveying element 3 is switched on when the water injection is still inactive, i.e. when the water injectors 6 are closed. The thawed water is then fed to the water tank 5 via the return line 13 via the pressure regulator 15.

Es findet somit eine Zirkulation des aufgetauten Wassers statt, wodurch die im Wasser steckende Wärme gleichmäßig im Wassertank 5 verteilt wird. Dadurch kann die Enteisung des Wassertanks 5 fortfahren, wenn er noch nicht vollständig aufgetaut ist. Somit steht bei der nächsten Zirkulation eine größere Wassermenge zur Verfügung, welche sich bei ansteigender Anzahl von Zirkulationsvorgängen zunimmt. Dies hat ein sehr schnelles Auftauen des gefrorenen Wassers zur Folge.There is thus a circulation of the thawed water, whereby the heat contained in the water is evenly distributed in the water tank 5. As a result, the de-icing of the water tank 5 can continue if it has not yet completely thawed. This means that a larger amount of water is available for the next circulation, which increases as the number of circulation processes increases. This results in very rapid thawing of the frozen water.

Um den Effekt der Erwärmung durch Zirkulation zu verstärken, kann das Förderelement 3 in einem nicht optimalen Betriebspunkt betrieben werden. Vorzugsweise kann das Förderelement 3 bewusst in einem Drehzahlbereich betrieben werden, in welchem sich die Wärmeverluste des Förderelements 3 erhöhen. Das heißt, dass der Wirkungsgrad des Förderelements 3 an dem nicht optimalen Betriebspunkt nicht maximal ist. Dies führt zu einer weiteren Erwärmung des zirkulierenden Wassers, was das Auftauen des noch gefrorenen Wasser erleichtert.In order to increase the effect of heating by circulation, the conveying element 3 can be operated at a non-optimal operating point. The conveying element 3 can preferably be operated deliberately in a speed range in which the heat losses of the conveying element 3 increase. That is, the efficiency of the conveying element 3 is not optimum operating point is not maximum. This leads to a further warming of the circulating water, which facilitates the thawing of the still frozen water.

Wird aufgrund der Fahrtbedingungen während dieses optimierten Auftauverfahrens eine Wassereinspritzung durch die Brennkraftmaschine 2 angefordert, so wird zunächst eine Wassereinspritzmenge zugelassen, so dass genug aufgetautes Wasser noch im teilweise vereisten Wassertank 5 verbleibt. Somit kann der Auftauvorgang ununterbrochen erfolgen.If, due to the driving conditions, a water injection by the internal combustion engine 2 is requested during this optimized thawing process, a water injection quantity is first permitted so that enough thawed water still remains in the partially iced water tank 5. This means that the defrosting process can take place without interruption.

Falls die zugelassene Wassereinspritzmenge für die verbrennungsrelevante Einspritzung nicht ausreicht, d.h., wenn die zum Einspritzen verfügbare Wassereinspritzmenge kleiner als eine minimale Wassereinspritzmenge ist, welche für die Verbrennung benötigt ist, wird die Leistung der Brennkraftmaschine 2 reduziert. Somit können Problemen beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 2, wie z.B. Klopfen, aufgrund der reduzierten Wassereinspritzmenge vermieden werden.If the permitted water injection quantity is insufficient for the combustion-relevant injection, i.e. if the water injection quantity available for injection is less than a minimum water injection quantity required for combustion, the power of internal combustion engine 2 is reduced. Thus, problems in the operation of the internal combustion engine 2, such as knocking, due to the reduced amount of water injection can be avoided.

Sobald sichergestellt wird, dass die im Wassertank 5 verbliebene aufgetaute Wassermenge genug ist, um das Auftauverfahren fortzusetzen, auch wenn die von der Brennkraftmaschine 2 benötigte Wassereinspritzmenge eingespritzt wird, wird diese Wassereinspritzmenge tatsächlich freigegeben.As soon as it is ensured that the amount of thawed water remaining in the water tank 5 is enough to continue the thawing process, even if the water injection amount required by the internal combustion engine 2 is injected, this water injection amount is actually released.

Durch die Zirkulation des durch das erste Heizungselement 19a aufgetauten Wassers wird die erzeugte Wärme optimal im Wassertank 5 verteilt. Somit kann über die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 das Auftauen des gefrorenen Wassers im Wassertank 5 sowie in der Ansaugleitung 7 schneller erfolgen. Die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 ist dadurch früher betriebsbereit.As a result of the circulation of the water thawed by the first heating element 19a, the generated heat is optimally distributed in the water tank 5. Thus, the water injection device 1 according to the invention can be used to thaw the frozen water in the water tank 5 and in the suction line 7 more quickly. The water injection device 1 is ready for operation earlier.

Um das Auftauen des gefrorenen Wassers zu unterstützen, kann die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel (Figur 3) ferner ein zweites Heizungselement 19b aufweisen. Das zweite Heizungselement 19b ist an der Rücklaufleitung 13 angeordnet. Somit kann das schon aufgetaute Wasser während dessen Zirkulation weiter erhitzt werden, um mehr Wärme in den Wassertank 5 einzuleiten.In order to support the thawing of the frozen water, the water injection device 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment ( Figure 3 ) also have a second heating element 19b. The second heating element 19b is arranged on the return line 13. The water that has already thawed can thus be heated further during its circulation in order to introduce more heat into the water tank 5.

Das zweite Heizungselement 19b kann auch behilflich sein, wenn die Rücklaufleitung 13 vollständig oder teilweise vereist ist.The second heating element 19b can also be helpful if the return line 13 is completely or partially iced up.

Die Figur 4 zeigt ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung. Das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich vom zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel grundsätzlich dadurch, dass ein drittes Heizungselement 19c in der Förderleitung 8 angeordnet ist. Somit kann mehr Wärme auf das aufgetaute Wasser übertragen werden. Vorzugsweise ist das dritte Heizungselement 19c vor der Rücklaufleitung 13 in Förderrichtung des Wassers angeordnet.The Figure 4 Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. The third exemplary embodiment differs from the second exemplary embodiment in that a third heating element 19c is arranged in the delivery line 8. This means that more heat can be transferred to the thawed water. The third heating element 19c is preferably arranged upstream of the return line 13 in the conveying direction of the water.

Wie aus der Figur 5 ersichtlich ist, weist die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung ein viertes Heizungselement 19d auf.As from the Figure 5 As can be seen, the water injection device 1 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention has a fourth heating element 19d.

Das vierte Heizungselement 19d ist innerhalb des Wassertanks 5 angeordnet, auf. Durch das Vorsehen eines vierten Heizungselements kann das gefrorene Wasser im Wassertank 5 schneller aufgetaut werden. Somit kann die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 früher betriebsbereit sein.The fourth heating element 19d is arranged inside the water tank 5. By providing a fourth heating element, the frozen water in the water tank 5 can be thawed more quickly. Thus, the water injection device 1 can be operational earlier.

Es sei angemerkt, dass die Heizungselemente 19a, 19b, 19c und 19d eine Heizungseinheit bilden können. Insbesondere wenn die Heizungselemente 19a, 19b, 19c und 19d als hydraulische Wärmetauscher ausgebildet sind, kann die Übertragung der Wärme auf das Wasser in einem Einheitskreislauf erfolgen.It should be noted that the heating elements 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d can form a heating unit. In particular if the heating elements 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d are designed as hydraulic heat exchangers, the heat can be transferred to the water in a unitary circuit.

Ferner können die Heizungselemente 19a, 19b, 19c und 19d auch als die Heizung der beheizten Filterelemente 16 und 17 dienen.Furthermore, the heating elements 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d can also serve as the heating for the heated filter elements 16 and 17.

Claims (11)

  1. Internal combustion engine comprising a water injection device (1), wherein the water injection device (1) of the internal combustion engine (2) comprises:
    - a water tank (5) for storing water,
    - at least one water injector (6) which injects water into an inlet channel (22) of the internal combustion engine (2),
    - a conveying element (3) for conveying the water, which conveying element is connected via a suction line (7) and via a return line (13) to the water tank (5),
    characterized in that the water injection device (1) furthermore comprises:
    - a first heating element (19a) which is arranged at least partially on the suction line (7),
    - wherein the first heating element (19a) is configured to thaw frozen water situated in the water tank (5) and/or in the suction line (7), and
    - wherein the conveying element (3) is configured to convey the thawed water in the suction line (7) via the return line (13) back into the water tank (5),
    wherein the conveying element (3) is configured to, in the case of an active water injection during the thawing process, be operated such that a minimum quantity of thawed water remains in the water tank (5), such that the thawing of the rest of the frozen water can be performed without interruption.
  2. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, wherein the water injection device (1) of the internal combustion engine furthermore comprises a second heating element (19b) which is arranged at least partially on the return line (13).
  3. Internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the water injection device (1) of the internal combustion engine furthermore comprises a conveying line (8) via which the conveying element (3) is connected to the water injector (6) and on which a third heating element (19c) is at least partially arranged.
  4. Internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the water injection device (1) of the internal combustion engine furthermore comprises a fourth heating element (19d) which is arranged in the water tank (5).
  5. Internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first heating element (19a) and/or the second heating element (19b) and/or the third heating element (19c) and/or the fourth heating element (19d) have an electrical heating element and/or a hydraulic heat exchanger.
  6. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 5, wherein the hydraulic heat exchanger is configured to utilize cooling water of the internal combustion engine (2) for the purposes of thawing the frozen water.
  7. Internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the conveying element (3) is configured to be operated at a non-optimal operating point of the conveying element (3) in order to generate heat.
  8. Internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims, which is configured to be operated with gasoline and in accordance with the Otto cycle principle.
  9. Internal combustion engine according to any of the preceding claims, which is configured to be operated with reduced power if a reduced water quantity available for injection is smaller than a minimum water injection quantity required for the combustion.
  10. Method for operating a water injection device (1) having at least one water injector (6) which injects water into an inlet channel (22) of an internal combustion engine (2) and having a conveying element for conveying the water, which conveying element is connected via a suction line (7) and via a return line (13) to a water tank (5),
    wherein frozen water situated in the water tank (5) and/or in the suction line (7) is thawed by means of a first heating element (19a) which is arranged at least partially on the suction line (7), and the thawed water in the suction line (7) is conveyed via the return line (13) back into the water tank (5), wherein the conveying element (3) is, in the case of an active water injection during the thawing process, operated such that a minimum quantity of thawed water remains in the water tank (5), such that the thawing of the rest of the frozen water can be performed without interruption.
  11. Method according to Claim 10, wherein the conveying element (3) is operated at a non-optimal operating point of the conveying element (3) in order to generate heat.
EP16716874.9A 2015-05-07 2016-04-18 Water injection device of an internal combustion engine and method for operating such a water injection device Active EP3292287B1 (en)

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CN107624145B (en) 2020-05-05
CN107624145A (en) 2018-01-23
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DE102015208480A1 (en) 2016-11-10
EP3292287A1 (en) 2018-03-14

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