EP3284097B1 - Quickly closing switch element - Google Patents

Quickly closing switch element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3284097B1
EP3284097B1 EP16726294.8A EP16726294A EP3284097B1 EP 3284097 B1 EP3284097 B1 EP 3284097B1 EP 16726294 A EP16726294 A EP 16726294A EP 3284097 B1 EP3284097 B1 EP 3284097B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
locking
moving contact
switch
grounding switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
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EP16726294.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3284097A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Schmidt
Martin Böttcher
Karsten Freundt
Stefan Lecheler
Thomas ERLWEIN
Sarai GONZALEZ
Christian HEINRICHS
Dorothea POHLMANN
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP3284097A1 publication Critical patent/EP3284097A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/68—Liquid-break switches, e.g. oil-break
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/26—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch
    • H01H31/32—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch with rectilinearly-movable contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using spring motor
    • H01H2003/3089—Devices for manual releasing of locked charged spring motor; Devices for remote releasing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fast-closing switching element, in particular a fast-closing earthing switch, in particular for use in low-voltage systems, medium-voltage systems or high-voltage systems.
  • the DE2211463A1 discloses an earth electrode for a high voltage conductor insulated with an insulating gas.
  • a switch that uses a chemical gas generator to move the movable contact of the switch.
  • a disadvantage of the use of chemical gas reactors is the use of reactive propellants, which are subject to aging and thus require a corresponding periodic maintenance.
  • a disadvantage is in particular the costly double execution of the vacuum chamber and the associated long switching paths, which must cover the movable contact piece, and thus longer switching times.
  • Another disadvantage is that the connected in the case of switching vacuum can not be easily separated again and the switch can be used again, even if the chemical gas generator has been renewed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved fast-switching switch that switches both faster or at least switches quickly, as well as compared to the prior art can be produced inexpensively, and is less expensive than switches from the prior art, as well is reusable after a switching event.
  • the insulating section can be completely filled with insulating liquid 30, wherein the insulating liquid 30 is displaced upon closing of the switch, so in case of switching, in a displacement volume not shown, preferably displaced into a resulting behind the moving moving contact displacement volume.
  • the displacement volume in the open switch state can be closed by a separation device, in particular with a flap or a valve or a bidirectional valve as a separation device. Only with switch triggering, so triggering the triggering device then the separation device is opened and / or unlocked.
  • An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the driving force from the moment of release is ready and is accelerated by the moving contact 17 immediately with maximum force.
  • Another advantage is that the life of a mechanical energy store, in particular a spring package, is higher than that of a gas generator, in particular higher than that of a chemical gas generator.
  • Another advantage is that special regulations regarding the storage and handling of explosives are not necessary neither in production nor in use.
  • Another advantage is that the entire function of the switch can be checked, as a loading and unloading of the mechanical energy storage, in particular the tensioning and relaxing of the spring assembly, is possible and by measuring, for example, the clamping torque and a function of the drive is given in principle. This enables easy quality control in production and, if necessary, also in or on the installed system.
  • a test of the electrical trip circuit, in particular solenoid coil 19 or strap 20 is possible at any time safely.
  • the insulating liquid is transported after a case of switching and reopening of the switch and / or tensioning of the mechanical energy storage, so more generally the introduction of mechanical energy into the mechanical memory, again from the displacement volume in the insulating section and optionally the Isolierumble again from Displacement volume separated, for example by a flap, and optionally the separation device interlocked between insulating section and displacement volume again.
  • the blocking agent 13, 16 consists of a pull rod 16 and a clamping nut 13
  • the locking device 14 is formed by locking balls 14
  • the mechanical energy storage 4 is realized by a spring package 4
  • the triggering device 19 is formed by a release magnet.
  • the clamping nut 13 can the mechanical energy storage 4 initially or after a switching event energy is supplied again, in particular a spring assembly 4 are stretched again.
  • the moving contact 17 can be moved from the closed switch position to the open switch position.
  • the spring assembly 4 in the relaxed state, with the aid of the clamping nut 13 is tensioned, and that the locking cage 15 with one or more screws to the pull rod 16 against tripping is securable.
  • the blocking agent 27 is formed by a control pin 27
  • the locking device 14 is formed by a locking cage 15 and locking balls 14
  • the triggering device 19a, 19b of holding electrodes 19a, 19b and a clamping band 20 is formed, and the mechanical Energy storage 24 is realized to trigger by a control spring 24.
  • the triggering of the switch takes place by a destruction of the tension band 20 by an electric control pulse, the tension band 20 burns.
  • the electrical control pulse is generated between the holding electrodes 19a, 19b.
  • the tension band 20 is made of carbon fibers, since they carry a high tensile stress and can be designed to be correspondingly thin.
  • the carbon fiber has a comparatively high specific resistance and a low mass, so that little energy is required for burning through.
  • the actuator is formed by a half-wave and the locking device is a pawl.
  • the contact guide 5 is designed such that the moving contact only in a final phase of a closing operation of the earthing switch 1, so shortly before the moving contact 17 hits the fixed contact 8, a large-scale mechanical contact between moving contact 17 and fixed contact 8 is formed, the leads to a deceleration of the movement of the moving contact 17 and causes an electrical contact between the contact guide 5 and moving contacts 17.
  • the contact guide 5 and / or the moving contact 17 and / or the fixed contact 8 has a brake layer 9 in at least one region in which the moving contact 17 can be brought into contact with the contact guide 5 and / or the fixed contact 8, wherein the brake layer 9 is made of electrically conductive material and is designed so that the speed of the moving contact 17 is reduced by the impact on the brake layer 9.
  • the fixed contact 8 has a braking layer 9 in the contact region with the moving contact, so that the movable contact piece 17 striking the fixed contact 8 at high speed is additionally braked by deformation of the electrically conductive braking layer 9. It is further preferred that the brake layer 9 is plastically deformable by foamed metal or a suitably structured surface.
  • the brake layer 9 at least partially melts the brake layer 9 and so by the impact of the moving contact 17 on the brake layer 9, and / or by the impact of the fixed contact 8 on the brake layer, and / or by the impact of the contact guide 5 on the brake layer the fixed contact 8 and / or the moving contact 17 and / or the contact guide 5 with the fixed contact 8 and / or the moving contact 17 and / or the contact guide 5 is soldered or soldered.
  • holes or channels are present in the moving contact and / or fixed contact, which allow the insulating liquid can escape from the closing gap between moving contact and fixed contact, even if the edges of moving contact and fixed contact already touch.
  • moving contact and fixed contact are designed as interlocking or partially interlocking conical surfaces.
  • FIG. 1 a fast earthing switch 1 is shown, wherein the triggering mechanism includes a magnetic trip.
  • a triggering magnet 19 is used as a triggering device 19.
  • the control pin (27) of the trigger magnet 19 acts on the locking cage 15 a.
  • the pull rod 16 is held by locking balls 14 in the locking cage 15. At its other end, the pull rod 16 is connected to the spring assembly 4 and the moving contact 17. Between the fixed contact 8 and the moving contact 17, an insulating gap is present in the open switching state.
  • This insulating section is filled with an insulating liquid, in particular insulating oil or insulator 30.
  • FIG. 1 an advantageous embodiment of the fixed contact 8, in which the fixed contact 8 has a brake layer 9 at its contact surface.
  • the special earthing switch 1 an insulating housing 7 and an outer housing 25, which may also be made in one piece.
  • the moving contact 17 is guided on at least part of the switching path through a contact guide 5.
  • This contact guide 5 also serves to make electrical contact with the moving contact 17 in the closed switch position.
  • the contact guide 5 is electrically connected via a current bridge 23 to the ground contact 22.
  • the ground contact 22 is also referred to as the second supply line 22.
  • the fixed contact 8 can be contacted via a first supply line 8 '.
  • a clamping nut 13 is provided for clamping the spring assembly 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial section of a grounding switch according to the invention, wherein here as an alternative solution, a thermal tripping is realized.
  • the thermal release for the control spring 24 is by a clamping band 20 which is attached to the holding electrodes 19a, 19b or is stretched over these holding electrodes 19a, 19b such that the control spring 24 is held in the cocked position.
  • the control spring 24 is actuated in the case of triggering the control pin 27 which moves the locking cage 15 such that the moving contact is triggered and is accelerated by the control spring 24 in the direction of the fixed contact.
  • the tensioning band 20 can be thermally destroyed by an electrical pulse generated between the holding electrodes 19a, 19b and a switching triggered.
  • the screws 35 serve to fix the drawbar during maintenance or during the tensioning of the control spring 24th
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative triggering mechanism.
  • an electromagnet serves as a triggering device 19 which can act with a control pin 27 on the movable, in particular rotatable, mounting a half-wave 15 'such that the pawl 14' is released.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein schnell schließendes Schaltelement, insbesondere einen schnell schließenden Erdungsschalter, insbesondere zur Verwendung in Niederspannungsanlagen, Mittelspannungsanlagen oder Hochspannungsanlagen.The invention relates to a fast-closing switching element, in particular a fast-closing earthing switch, in particular for use in low-voltage systems, medium-voltage systems or high-voltage systems.

Die DE2211463A1 offenbart einen Erder für einen Hochspannungsleiter, der mit einem Isoliergas isoliert ist.The DE2211463A1 discloses an earth electrode for a high voltage conductor insulated with an insulating gas.

Aus der US 2010219162 A1 ist ein Schalter bekannt, der einen chemischen Gasgenerator einsetzt, um den beweglichen Kontakt des Schalters zu bewegen.From the US 2010219162 A1 For example, a switch is known that uses a chemical gas generator to move the movable contact of the switch.

Ein Nachteil beim Einsatz chemischer Gasreaktoren besteht in der Verwendung von reaktiven Treibsätzen, die einer Alterung unterliegen und somit eine entsprechende regelmäßige Wartung erfordern.A disadvantage of the use of chemical gas reactors is the use of reactive propellants, which are subject to aging and thus require a corresponding periodic maintenance.

Ein weiterer Nachteil der chemischen Gasreaktoren besteht darin, dass die Antriebskraft erst durch die Reaktion der chemischen Stoffe, also der reaktiven Treibsätze, aufgebaut werden muss bevor der bewegliche Kontakt beschleunigt werden kann.Another disadvantage of the chemical gas reactors is that the driving force must first be built up by the reaction of the chemical substances, ie the reactive propellant charges, before the movable contact can be accelerated.

Um eine statistische ungewollte Durchschlagsentladung und so einen ungewollten Kurzschluss zu vermeiden, offenbaren die US 2010219162 A1 und die WO 10022938 A1 die Verwendung von zwei getrennten Vakua, die im Schaltfall beide durch den beweglichen Kontakt zu überbrücken sind.To avoid a statistical unwanted breakdown discharge and so an unwanted short circuit, which reveal US 2010219162 A1 and the WO 10022938 A1 the use of two separate vacuums which are both to be bridged by the moving contact in case of a switch.

Nachteilig ist dabei insbesondere die kostenaufwendige doppelte Ausführung der Vakuumkammer und die damit verbundenen langen Schaltwege, die das bewegliche Schaltstück zurücklegen muss, und damit auch längere Schaltzeiten.A disadvantage is in particular the costly double execution of the vacuum chamber and the associated long switching paths, which must cover the movable contact piece, and thus longer switching times.

Außerdem nachteilig ist, dass die im Schaltfall verbundenen Vakua nicht einfach wieder getrennt und der Schalter erneut genutzt werden kann, selbst wenn der chemische Gasgenerator erneuert worden ist.Another disadvantage is that the connected in the case of switching vacuum can not be easily separated again and the switch can be used again, even if the chemical gas generator has been renewed.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, einen verbesserten schnell schaltenden Schalter bereitzustellen, der sowohl schneller schaltet oder zumindest schnell schaltet, als auch im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik kostengünstig produziert werden kann, als auch wartungsärmer ist als Schalter aus dem Stand der Technik, als auch nach einem Schaltfall wiederverwendbar ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved fast-switching switch that switches both faster or at least switches quickly, as well as compared to the prior art can be produced inexpensively, and is less expensive than switches from the prior art, as well is reusable after a switching event.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanpruchs 1 und die von diesen abhängigen Ansprüche gelöst.This object is achieved by the features of the independent patent claim 1 and dependent on these claims.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Schalter, insbesondere ein Erdungsschalter, zum schnellen Herstellen einer Erdverbindung und damit insbesondere zum Löschen eines Störlichtbogens beitragender Erdungsschalter für eine Schaltanlage, insbesondere eine Niederspannungsanlage oder eine Mittelspannungsanlage oder eine Hochspannungsanlage, weist dabei die folgenden Merkmale auf:

  • einen Festkontakt mit einer ersten Leitungszuführung,
  • einen Bewegkontakt,
  • eine Kontaktführung mit einer zweiten Leitungszuführung,
  • einen mechanischen Energiespeicher,
  • im geöffneten Zustand eine Isolierstrecke zwischen dem Festkontakt und dem Bewegkontakt, wobei die Isolierstrecke zumindest teilweise mit Isolieflüssigkeit, wie insbesondere Isolieröl oder Isolierester, gefüllt ist,
  • eine Auslösevorrichtung, und
  • einen Sperrmechanismus.
A switch according to the invention, in particular a grounding switch, for rapidly establishing an earth connection and thus in particular for extinguishing an arc causing earthing switch for a switchgear, in particular a low-voltage system or a medium-voltage system or a high-voltage system, has the following features:
  • a fixed contact with a first line feed,
  • a moving contact,
  • a contact guide with a second line feed,
  • a mechanical energy store,
  • in the opened state, an insulating gap between the fixed contact and the moving contact, wherein the insulating section is at least partially filled with insulating liquid, in particular insulating oil or insulating ester,
  • a triggering device, and
  • a locking mechanism.

Der Sperrmechanismus weist mindestens auf:

  • ∘ ein Stellelement, wie einen Sperrkäfig oder eine Halbwelle,
  • ∘ einer Sperrvorrichtung, wie eine Kugel oder Klinke, und
  • ∘ einem Sperrvermittler oder Übertragungselement.
Wobei:
  • der Sperrvermittler mit dem Bewegkontakt verbindbar ist,
  • der mechanische Energiespeicher mit dem Sperrvermittler verbindbar ist,
  • der Sperrvermittler mittels einer Sperrvorrichtung mit dem Sperrkäfig haltbar ist,
  • der Sperrvermittler von der Sperrvorrichtung aus dem Sperrkäfig mittels einer Auslösevorrichtung entlassbar ist,
  • der Bewegkontakt von dem mechanischen Energiespeicher mittels des Sperrvermittlers, oder über den Sperrvermittler, derartig beschleunigbar ist, dass der Bewegkontakt mit dem Festkontakt kontaktierbar ist,
  • die Kontaktführung sowohl der Führung der Bewegung des Bewegkontaktes dient als auch der Kontaktierung des Bewegkontaktes dient, und
  • die Isolierflüssigkeit beim Schließen des Erdungsschalters vom Bewegkontakt verdrängbar ist.
The locking mechanism has at least:
  • ∘ an actuating element, such as a locking cage or a half-shaft,
  • ∘ a locking device, such as a ball or pawl, and
  • ∘ a blocking agent or transmission element.
In which:
  • the blocking agent is connectable to the moving contact,
  • the mechanical energy store can be connected to the blocking agent,
  • the blocking agent is durable by means of a locking device with the blocking cage,
  • the blocking agent can be released from the blocking device from the blocking cage by means of a triggering device,
  • the moving contact can be accelerated by the mechanical energy store by means of the blocking agent, or via the blocking agent, in such a way that the moving contact can be contacted with the fixed contact,
  • the contact guide both the leadership of the movement of the moving contact serves as well as the contacting of the moving contact serves, and
  • the insulating liquid is displaceable by the moving contact when closing the earthing switch.

Insbesondere kann die Isolierstrecke vollständig mit Isolierflüssigkeit 30 gefüllt sein, wobei die Isolierflüssigkeit 30 beim Schließen des Schalters, also im Schaltfall, in ein nicht gezeigtes Verdrängungsvolumen verdrängt wird, bevorzugt in ein hinter dem bewegten Bewegkontakt entstehendes Verdrängungsvolumen verdrängt wird. Bevorzugter Weise kann das Verdrängungsvolumen im offenen Schalterzustand durch eine Trennungseinrichtung verschlossen sein, insbesondere mit einer Klappe oder einem Ventil oder einem bidirektionalen Ventil als Trennungseinrichtung. Erst mit Schalterauslösung, also Auslösung der Auslösevorrichtung wird dann die Trennungseinrichtung geöffnet und/oder entriegelt.In particular, the insulating section can be completely filled with insulating liquid 30, wherein the insulating liquid 30 is displaced upon closing of the switch, so in case of switching, in a displacement volume not shown, preferably displaced into a resulting behind the moving moving contact displacement volume. Preferably, the displacement volume in the open switch state can be closed by a separation device, in particular with a flap or a valve or a bidirectional valve as a separation device. Only with switch triggering, so triggering the triggering device then the separation device is opened and / or unlocked.

Vorteilhaft bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist, dass die Antriebskraft vom Moment der Auslösung bereit steht und durch der Bewegkontakt 17 sofort mit maximaler Kraft beschleunigt wird.An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the driving force from the moment of release is ready and is accelerated by the moving contact 17 immediately with maximum force.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass die Lebensdauer eines mechanischen Energiespeichers, insbesondere eines Federpaketes, höher ist, als die eines Gasgenerators, insbesondere höher ist als die eines chemischen Gasgenerators.Another advantage is that the life of a mechanical energy store, in particular a spring package, is higher than that of a gas generator, in particular higher than that of a chemical gas generator.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass weder in der Fertigung noch im Einsatz spezielle Vorschriften bezüglich der Lagerung und der Handhabung von Explosivstoffen notwendig werden.Another advantage is that special regulations regarding the storage and handling of explosives are not necessary neither in production nor in use.

Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass die gesamte Funktion des Schalters überprüft werden kann, da ein Laden und Entladen des mechanischen Energiespeichers, insbesondere das Spannen und Entspannen des Federpaketes, möglich ist und durch Messung zum Beispiel des Spannmomentes auch eine Funktion des Antriebes prinzipiell gegeben ist. Das ermöglicht eine einfache Qualitätskontrolle in der Fertigung und ggfs. auch in oder an der montierten Anlage.Another advantage is that the entire function of the switch can be checked, as a loading and unloading of the mechanical energy storage, in particular the tensioning and relaxing of the spring assembly, is possible and by measuring, for example, the clamping torque and a function of the drive is given in principle. This enables easy quality control in production and, if necessary, also in or on the installed system.

Eine Prüfung des elektrischen Auslösekreises, insbesondere Magnetspule 19 oder Spannband 20 ist jederzeit gefahrlos möglich.A test of the electrical trip circuit, in particular solenoid coil 19 or strap 20 is possible at any time safely.

Weiter vorteilhaft ist, dass es in Isolierflüssigkeiten, insbesondere Isolierölen oder Isolierestern, im Gegensatz zum Vakuum, keine Restwahrscheinlichkeit von statistischen ungewollten Durchschlagsentladungen gibt.It is also advantageous that in insulating liquids, in particular insulating oils or insulating esters, in contrast to the vacuum, there is no residual probability of random unwanted breakdown discharges.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Isolierflüssigkeit nach einem Schaltfall und beim erneuten Öffnen des Schalters und/oder Spannen des mechanischen Energiespeichers, also allgemeiner dem Einbringen von mechanischer Energie in den mechanischen Speicher, wieder aus dem Verdrängungsvolumen in die Isolierstrecke transportiert und gegebenenfalls die Isolierstrecke wieder vom Verdrängungsvolumen getrennt, zum Beispiel durch eine Klappe, und gegebenenfalls die Trennungseinrichtung zwischen Isolierstrecke und Verdrängungsvolumen wieder verriegelt.In a preferred embodiment, the insulating liquid is transported after a case of switching and reopening of the switch and / or tensioning of the mechanical energy storage, so more generally the introduction of mechanical energy into the mechanical memory, again from the displacement volume in the insulating section and optionally the Isolierstrecke again from Displacement volume separated, for example by a flap, and optionally the separation device interlocked between insulating section and displacement volume again.

Bevorzugt wird, dass der Sperrvermittler 13, 16 aus einer Zugstange 16 und einer Spannmutter 13 besteht, die Sperrvorrichtung 14 von Sperrkugeln 14 gebildet wird, der mechanische Energiespeicher 4 durch ein Federpacket 4 realisiert wird, und die Auslösevorrichtung 19 durch einen Auslösemagneten gebildet wird.It is preferred that the blocking agent 13, 16 consists of a pull rod 16 and a clamping nut 13, the locking device 14 is formed by locking balls 14, the mechanical energy storage 4 is realized by a spring package 4, and the triggering device 19 is formed by a release magnet.

Mittels der Spannmutter 13 kann dem mechanischen Energiespeicher 4 initial oder nach einem Schaltfall wieder Energie zugeführt werden, insbesondere ein Federpaket 4 wieder gespannt werden. Dabei kann auch der Bewegkontakt 17 aus der geschlossenen Schalterposition in die geöffnete Schalterposition bewegt werden.By means of the clamping nut 13 can the mechanical energy storage 4 initially or after a switching event energy is supplied again, in particular a spring assembly 4 are stretched again. In this case, the moving contact 17 can be moved from the closed switch position to the open switch position.

Gegebenenfalls wird beim betätigen der Spannmutter 13 auch die Isolierflüssigkeit 30 von dem Verdrängungsvolumen in die Isolierstrecke transportiert.Optionally, when operating the clamping nut 13 and the insulating liquid 30 is transported by the displacement volume in the insulating section.

Weiter wird bevorzugt, dass das Federpaket 4 im entspannten Zustand, mit Hilfe der Spannmutter 13 spannbar ist, und dass der Sperrkäfig 15 mit einer oder mehr Schrauben zur Zugstange 16 gegen Auslösung sicherbar ist.It is further preferred that the spring assembly 4 in the relaxed state, with the aid of the clamping nut 13 is tensioned, and that the locking cage 15 with one or more screws to the pull rod 16 against tripping is securable.

Auch wird bevorzugt, dass der Sperrvermittler 27 von einem Steuerbolzen 27 gebildet wird, die Sperrvorrichtung 14, von einem Sperrkäfig 15 und von Sperrkugeln 14 gebildet wird, die Auslösevorrichtung 19a, 19b von Halteelektroden 19a, 19b und einem Spannband 20 gebildet wird, und der mechanische Energiespeicher 24 zum Auslösen durch eine Steuerfeder 24 realisiert wird.It is also preferred that the blocking agent 27 is formed by a control pin 27, the locking device 14 is formed by a locking cage 15 and locking balls 14, the triggering device 19a, 19b of holding electrodes 19a, 19b and a clamping band 20 is formed, and the mechanical Energy storage 24 is realized to trigger by a control spring 24.

Die Auslösung des Schalters erfolgt durch eine Zerstörung des Spannbandes 20, indem ein elektrischer Steuerimpuls das Spannband 20 durchbrennt.The triggering of the switch takes place by a destruction of the tension band 20 by an electric control pulse, the tension band 20 burns.

Der elektrische Steuerimpuls wird dabei zwischen den Halteelektroden 19a, 19b erzeugt.The electrical control pulse is generated between the holding electrodes 19a, 19b.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung wird das Spannband 20 aus Carbonfasern hergestellt, da diese eine hohe Zugspannung tragen und entsprechend dünn ausgelegt werden können. Zusätzlich hat die Carbonfaser einen vergleichsweise hohen spezifischen Widerstand und eine geringe Masse, so dass wenig Energie zum Durchbrennen erforderlich ist.In a preferred embodiment, the tension band 20 is made of carbon fibers, since they carry a high tensile stress and can be designed to be correspondingly thin. In addition, the carbon fiber has a comparatively high specific resistance and a low mass, so that little energy is required for burning through.

Auch wird bevorzugt, dass das Stellelement von einer Halbwelle gebildet wird und die Sperrvorrichtung eine Klinke ist.It is also preferred that the actuator is formed by a half-wave and the locking device is a pawl.

Ebenfalls bevorzugt wird, dass die Kontaktführung 5 derart gestaltet ist, dass der Bewegkontakt erst in einer Schlussphase eines Schließvorganges des Erdungsschalters 1, also kurz bevor der Bewegkontakt 17 auf den Festkontakt 8 trifft, ein großflächiger mechanischer Kontakt zwischen Bewegkontakt 17 und Festkontakt 8 entsteht, der zu einer Abbremsung der Bewegung des Bewegkontaktes 17 führt und einen elektrischen Kontakt zwischen Kontaktführung 5 und Bewegkontakte 17 bewirkt.It is also preferred that the contact guide 5 is designed such that the moving contact only in a final phase of a closing operation of the earthing switch 1, so shortly before the moving contact 17 hits the fixed contact 8, a large-scale mechanical contact between moving contact 17 and fixed contact 8 is formed, the leads to a deceleration of the movement of the moving contact 17 and causes an electrical contact between the contact guide 5 and moving contacts 17.

Bevorzugt wird auch, dass die Kontaktführung 5 und/oder der Bewegkontakt 17 und/oder der Festkontakt 8 eine Bremsschicht 9 in mindestens einem Bereich aufweist, in der der Bewegkontakt 17 mit der Kontaktführung 5 und/oder dem Festkontakt 8 in Kontakt bringbar ist, wobei die Bremsschicht 9 aus elektrisch leitendem Material besteht und so ausgelegt ist, dass die Geschwindigkeit des Bewegkontaktes 17 durch das Auftreffen auf die Bremsschicht 9 verringert wird.It is also preferred that the contact guide 5 and / or the moving contact 17 and / or the fixed contact 8 has a brake layer 9 in at least one region in which the moving contact 17 can be brought into contact with the contact guide 5 and / or the fixed contact 8, wherein the brake layer 9 is made of electrically conductive material and is designed so that the speed of the moving contact 17 is reduced by the impact on the brake layer 9.

Auch wird bevorzugt, dass der Festkontakt 8 im Kontaktbereich mit dem Bewegkontakt eine Bremsschicht 9 aufweist, so dass das mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf den Festkontakt 8 aufschlagende bewegliche Kontaktstück 17 durch Verformung der elektrisch leitenden Bremsschicht 9 zusätzlich abgebremst wird. Weiter bevorzugt wird, dass die Bremsschicht 9 durch aufgeschäumtes Metall oder eine geeignet strukturierte Oberfläche plastisch verformbar ist.It is also preferred that the fixed contact 8 has a braking layer 9 in the contact region with the moving contact, so that the movable contact piece 17 striking the fixed contact 8 at high speed is additionally braked by deformation of the electrically conductive braking layer 9. It is further preferred that the brake layer 9 is plastically deformable by foamed metal or a suitably structured surface.

Ebenfalls bevorzugt wird, dass durch das Auftreffen des Bewegkontaktes 17 auf die Bremsschicht 9, und/oder durch das Auftreffen des Festkontaktes 8 auf die Bremsschicht, und/oder durch das Auftreffen der Kontaktführung 5 auf die Bremsschicht, die Bremsschicht 9 zumindest teilweise aufschmilzt und so den Festkontakt 8 und/oder den Bewegkontakt 17 und/oder die Kontaktführung 5 mit dem Festkontakt 8 und/oder dem Bewegkontakt 17 und/oder der Kontaktführung 5 verlötet oder verlötbar ist.It is also preferred that at least partially melts the brake layer 9 and so by the impact of the moving contact 17 on the brake layer 9, and / or by the impact of the fixed contact 8 on the brake layer, and / or by the impact of the contact guide 5 on the brake layer the fixed contact 8 and / or the moving contact 17 and / or the contact guide 5 with the fixed contact 8 and / or the moving contact 17 and / or the contact guide 5 is soldered or soldered.

Bevorzugt wird auch, dass der Hauptstrom im geschlossenen Schaltzustand vom Festkontakt (8) über die Bremsschicht (9), den Bewegkontakt (17), die Kontaktführung (5), zu einer zweiten Leitungszuführung (22, 23), bestehend aus einer Strombrücken (23) und einem feststehenden Massekontakt (22), fließt.It is also preferred that the main current in the closed switching state from the fixed contact (8) via the brake layer (9), the moving contact (17), the contact guide (5), to a second line feed (22, 23), consisting of a current bridges (23 ) and a fixed ground contact (22) flows.

Auch wird bevorzugt, dass Bohrungen oder Kanäle im Bewegkontakt und/oder Festkontakt vorhanden sind, die es erlauben, das Isolierflüssigkeit aus dem sich schließenden Zwischenraum zwischen Bewegkontakt und Festkontakt austreten kann, auch wenn sich die Ränder von Bewegkontakt und Festkontakt bereits berühren. Insbesondere wenn Bewegkontakt und Festkontakt als ineinandergreifende oder teilweise ineinandergreifende Kegelflächen ausgebildet sind.It is also preferred that holes or channels are present in the moving contact and / or fixed contact, which allow the insulating liquid can escape from the closing gap between moving contact and fixed contact, even if the edges of moving contact and fixed contact already touch. In particular, when moving contact and fixed contact are designed as interlocking or partially interlocking conical surfaces.

Im Folgenden wird der Erfindungsgegenstand anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und Figuren erläutert

Figur 1
Schnittbild durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Schalters, bzw. Erdungsschalter mit magnetischer Auslösung.
Figur 2
Schnittbild durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Schalters, bzw. Erdungsschalter mit thermischer Auslösung, wobei nur der Auslösungsmechanismus gezeigt ist.
Figur 3
Alternativer Auslösungsmechanismus
In the following, the subject invention will be explained with reference to embodiments and figures
FIG. 1
Cross-sectional view through a switch according to the invention, or earthing switch with magnetic tripping.
FIG. 2
Cross-sectional view through a switch according to the invention or earthing switch with thermal tripping, only the triggering mechanism is shown.
FIG. 3
Alternative triggering mechanism

In Figur 1 ist ein schneller Erdungsschalter 1 dargestellt, wobei der Auslösemechanismus eine magnetische Auslösung beinhaltet. Dabei wird als Auslösevorrichtung 19 ein Auslösemagnet 19 verwendet. Der Steuerbolzen (27) des Auslösemagneten 19 wirkt auf den Sperrkäfig 15 ein. Die Zugstange 16 wird durch Sperrkugeln 14 im Sperrkäfig 15 gehalten. An ihrem anderen Ende ist die Zugstange 16 mit dem Federpaket 4 und dem Bewegkontakt 17 verbunden. Zwischen dem Festkontakt 8 und dem Bewegkontakt 17 ist im geöffneten Schaltzustand eine Isolierstrecke vorhanden. Diese Isolierstrecke ist mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit, insbesondere Isolieröl oder Isolierester 30 gefüllt.In FIG. 1 a fast earthing switch 1 is shown, wherein the triggering mechanism includes a magnetic trip. In this case, a triggering magnet 19 is used as a triggering device 19. The control pin (27) of the trigger magnet 19 acts on the locking cage 15 a. The pull rod 16 is held by locking balls 14 in the locking cage 15. At its other end, the pull rod 16 is connected to the spring assembly 4 and the moving contact 17. Between the fixed contact 8 and the moving contact 17, an insulating gap is present in the open switching state. This insulating section is filled with an insulating liquid, in particular insulating oil or insulator 30.

Auch ist in der Figur 1 eine vorteilhafte Ausführung des Festkontaktes 8 gezeigt, in der der Festkontakt 8 an seiner Kontaktfläche eine Bremsschicht 9 aufweist.Also is in the FIG. 1 an advantageous embodiment of the fixed contact 8, in which the fixed contact 8 has a brake layer 9 at its contact surface.

Desweiteren weist der spezielle Erdungsschalter 1 ein Isoliergehäuse 7 und ein äußeres Gehäuse 25 auf, die auch einteilig ausgeführt sein können.Furthermore, the special earthing switch 1, an insulating housing 7 and an outer housing 25, which may also be made in one piece.

Der Bewegkontakt 17 wird auf zumindest einem Teil der Schaltstrecke durch eine Kontaktführung 5 geführt. Diese Kontaktführung 5 dient auch der elektrischen Kontaktierung des Bewegkontaktes 17 in der geschlossenen Schalterstellung. Die Kontaktführung 5 wird über eine Strombrücke 23 mit dem Massekontakt 22 elektrisch verbunden. Der Massekontakt 22 wird auch als zweite Zuleitung 22 bezeichnet. Der Festkontakt 8 kann über eine erste Zuleitung 8' kontaktiert werden.The moving contact 17 is guided on at least part of the switching path through a contact guide 5. This contact guide 5 also serves to make electrical contact with the moving contact 17 in the closed switch position. The contact guide 5 is electrically connected via a current bridge 23 to the ground contact 22. The ground contact 22 is also referred to as the second supply line 22. The fixed contact 8 can be contacted via a first supply line 8 '.

Zum Spannen des Federpaketes 4 ist eine Spannmutter 13 vorgesehen.For clamping the spring assembly 4, a clamping nut 13 is provided.

Die Figur 2 zeigt einen Teilausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Erdungsschalters, wobei hier als Alternativlösung eine thermische Auslösung realisiert ist. Die thermische Auslösung für die Steuerfeder 24 wird durch ein Spannband 20, welches an den Halteelektroden 19a, 19b befestigt ist oder über diese Halteelektroden 19a, 19b derart gespannt ist, dass die Steuerfeder 24 in der gespannten Position gehalten wird. Die Steuerfeder 24 betätigt im Auslösefall den Steuerbolzen 27, der den Sperrkäfig 15 derart bewegt, dass der Bewegkontakt ausgelöst wird und durch die Steuerfeder 24 in Richtung des Festkontaktes beschleunigt wird.The FIG. 2 shows a partial section of a grounding switch according to the invention, wherein here as an alternative solution, a thermal tripping is realized. The thermal release for the control spring 24 is by a clamping band 20 which is attached to the holding electrodes 19a, 19b or is stretched over these holding electrodes 19a, 19b such that the control spring 24 is held in the cocked position. The control spring 24 is actuated in the case of triggering the control pin 27 which moves the locking cage 15 such that the moving contact is triggered and is accelerated by the control spring 24 in the direction of the fixed contact.

Das Spannband 20 kann über einen elektrischen Impuls, der zwischen den Halteelektroden 19a, 19b erzeugt wird, thermisch zerstört und ein Schalten so ausgelöst werden.The tensioning band 20 can be thermally destroyed by an electrical pulse generated between the holding electrodes 19a, 19b and a switching triggered.

Die Schrauben 35 dienen der Fixierung der Zugstange während Wartungsarbeiten oder während des Spannens der Steuerfeder 24.The screws 35 serve to fix the drawbar during maintenance or during the tensioning of the control spring 24th

Die Figur 3 zeigt einen alternativen Auslösemechanismus. Dabei dient ein Elektromagnet als Auslösevorrichtung 19, der mit einem Steuerbolzen 27 auf die bewegbar, insbesondere drehbare, Halterung einer Halbwelle 15' derart einwirken kann, dass die Klinke 14' freigegeben wird. Das über die Zugstange 16 mit der Klinke 14' verbundene Federpaket 4, in Figur 3 nicht dargestellt, bewirk bei einem Freigeben der Klinke 14' von der Halbwelle 15' eine Beschleunigung des Bewegkontaktes 17 zum Festkontakt 8, Bewegkontakt und Festkontakt in Figur 3 nicht dargestellt.The FIG. 3 shows an alternative triggering mechanism. In this case, an electromagnet serves as a triggering device 19 which can act with a control pin 27 on the movable, in particular rotatable, mounting a half-wave 15 'such that the pawl 14' is released. The over the tie rod 16 with the pawl 14 'connected spring package 4, in FIG. 3 not shown, bewirk at a release of the pawl 14 'of the half-wave 15' an acceleration of the moving contact 17 to the fixed contact 8, moving contact and fixed contact in FIG. 3 not shown.

Claims (10)

  1. Switch, in particular a grounding switch (1), for quickly establishing a ground connection, and in particular also for eliminating an arcing fault, for a switching installation, wherein
    the grounding switch (1) has at least:
    - a fixed contact (8) with a first cable feed (8'),
    - a moving contact (17),
    - a contact guide (5) with a second cable feed (22, 23),
    - a mechanical energy store (4, 24),
    - in the opened state, an insulating clearance between the fixed contact (8) and the moving contact (17), the insulating clearance being at least partially filled with insulating liquid (30),
    - a triggering device (19, 19a, 19b), and
    - a locking mechanism, wherein the locking mechanism comprises at least:
    ∘ a locking cage (15),
    ∘ a locking device (14, 20) and
    ∘ a locking imparter (13, 16, 27),
    wherein the locking imparter (16, 13, 27) can be connected to the moving contact (17),
    - the mechanical energy store (4, 24) can be connected to the locking imparter (16, 13, 27),
    - the locking imparter (16, 13, 27) can be held in the locking cage (15) by means of a locking device (14),
    - the locking imparter (16, 13, 27) can be released by the locking device (14, 20) from the locking cage (15) by means of a triggering device (19, 19a, 19b),
    - the moving contact (17) can be accelerated by the mechanical energy store (4) by way of the locking imparter (16, 13, 27) in such a way that the moving contact (17) can be brought into electrical contact with the fixed contact (8),
    - the contact guide (5) both serves for guiding the movement of the moving contact (17) and serves for the contacting of the moving contact (17), and
    - the insulating liquid (30) can be displaced by the moving contact (17) during the closing of the grounding switch.
  2. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the locking imparter (13, 16) consists of a tension rod (16) and a tensioning nut (13),
    - the locking device (14) is formed by locking balls (14),
    - the mechanical energy store (4) is realized by a spring assembly (4), and
    - the triggering device (19) is formed by a triggering magnet.
  3. Grounding switch (1) according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the spring assembly (4) in the relaxed state can be tensioned with the aid of the tensioning nut (13), and in that the locking cage (20) can be secured against triggering with respect to the tension rod (16) by screws (35).
  4. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the locking imparter (27) is formed by a control pin (27),
    - the locking device (14, 20) is formed by locking balls (14) and a tensioning strip (20),
    - the triggering device (19a, 19b) is formed by holding electrodes (19a, 19b), and
    - the mechanical energy store (24) is realized by a control spring (24).
  5. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the contact guide (5) is designed in such a way that it is only in a final phase of a closing operation of the grounding switch (1), that is to say shortly before the moving contact (17) comes up against the fixed contact (8), that the moving contact produces mechanical contact over a large area between the moving contact (17) and the fixed contact (8), leading to a deceleration of the movement of the moving contact (17) and bringing about an electrical contact between the contact guide (5) and the moving contact (17).
  6. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the contact guide (5) and/or the moving contact (17) and/or the fixed contact (8) has in at least one region a retarding layer (9), in which the moving contact (17) can be brought into contact with the contact guide (5) and/or the fixed contact (8), the retarding layer (9) consisting of electrically conducting material and being designed in such a way that the speed of the moving contact (17) is reduced by coming up against the retarding layer (9).
  7. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to Claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the fixed contact (8) has a retarding layer (9) in the contact region with the moving contact, so that the movable contact member (17) striking the fixed contact (8) at high speed is additionally decelerated by deformation of the electrically conducting retarding layer (9).
  8. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to Claim 6 or 7,
    characterized in that
    the retarding layer (9) is plastically deformable by comprising expanded metal or a suitably structured surface.
  9. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to one of Claims 6 to 8,
    characterized in that
    the moving contact (17) coming up against the retarding layer (9), and/or
    - the fixed contact (8) coming up against the retarding layer, and/or
    - the contact guide (5) coming up against the retarding layer,
    has the effect that the retarding layer (9) at least partially melts, and thus solders
    - the fixed contact (8) and/or the moving contact (17) and/or the contact guide (5) with
    - the fixed contact (8) and/or the moving contact (17) and/or the contact guide (5).
  10. Switch, in particular grounding switch (1), according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    in the closed switching state, the main current flows from the fixed contact (8) by way of the retarding layer (9), the moving contact (17) and the contact guide (5) to a second cable feed (22, 23), consisting of a current bridge (23) and a stationary ground contact (22).
EP16726294.8A 2015-06-16 2016-05-19 Quickly closing switch element Active EP3284097B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102015211030.3A DE102015211030A1 (en) 2015-06-16 2015-06-16 Fast closing switching element
PCT/EP2016/061285 WO2016202521A1 (en) 2015-06-16 2016-05-19 Quickly closing switch element

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KR (1) KR102027072B1 (en)
CN (1) CN107743648B (en)
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CA (1) CA2985557C (en)
DE (1) DE102015211030A1 (en)
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WO2016202521A1 (en) 2016-12-22
AU2016279627B2 (en) 2018-08-02
US10388475B2 (en) 2019-08-20
AU2016279627A1 (en) 2017-11-30
ZA201707733B (en) 2018-11-28
CA2985557A1 (en) 2016-12-22
MX2017016121A (en) 2018-04-20
EP3284097A1 (en) 2018-02-21
DE102015211030A1 (en) 2016-12-22
US20180144890A1 (en) 2018-05-24
KR20180016583A (en) 2018-02-14
RU2685690C1 (en) 2019-04-23
CN107743648A (en) 2018-02-27
CA2985557C (en) 2021-02-16
CN107743648B (en) 2019-07-12
KR102027072B1 (en) 2019-09-30

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