EP2992543B1 - Switching unit, in particular circuit breaker - Google Patents

Switching unit, in particular circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2992543B1
EP2992543B1 EP14741539.2A EP14741539A EP2992543B1 EP 2992543 B1 EP2992543 B1 EP 2992543B1 EP 14741539 A EP14741539 A EP 14741539A EP 2992543 B1 EP2992543 B1 EP 2992543B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact piece
bridge
moveable
movable contact
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14741539.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2992543A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Kreutzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP14741539.2A priority Critical patent/EP2992543B1/en
Publication of EP2992543A1 publication Critical patent/EP2992543A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2992543B1 publication Critical patent/EP2992543B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2409—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electromagnetic current limiting mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/38—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using spring or other flexible shaft coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H01H73/045—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H2001/508—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position with mechanical means to prevent return/reverse movement of movable contact once opening or closing cycle has started
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2418—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker, with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and a movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts via a plunger in the event of a short circuit on the movable contact piece.
  • Switching units serve, among other things, the safe switching off in the event of a short circuit and thus protect consumers and systems. Furthermore, electrical or mechanical switching units are suitable for the operational, manual switching of consumers and for the safe separation of a system from the power network during maintenance or changes to the system. Electrical switching units are often operated electromagnetically.
  • switching units are high-quality electrical switching devices with integrated protection for motors, lines, transformers and generators. They are used at workstations with a lower switching frequency. Such switching units are suitable in addition to the short circuit protection for overload protection.
  • Known switching units have a contact slide unit with a contact slide and a movable contact piece.
  • the movable contact piece also has electrical contacts.
  • switching units have first contacts to a power line.
  • the electrical contacts of the movable contact piece contact the fixed contacts of the switching unit.
  • the electrical contacts of the movable contact piece are released from the fixed contacts, so that the flow of current is interrupted.
  • the movable contact is released from the fixed contacts.
  • short-circuit shutdowns in a switching unit it may come to the rotation of the movable contact piece about its longitudinal axis after releasing the movable contact piece.
  • the movable contact piece rotates about its longitudinal axis, this is also referred to as a bridge rotator. That is, the movable contact piece then returns after the rotation is no longer in its original position, but remains in the rotated position.
  • Known contact slides of switching units often have two guide systems, an inner and an outer guide system.
  • the outer guide system is used when the switching operation, that is, the switching on or off, via a switching mechanism of the switching unit. This does not create a bridge twister.
  • the inner guide system is used in the short-firing case when the switching operation via a switching armature, often a plunger, the switching unit takes place. That is, when switching off due to a short circuit, the movable contact piece along the inner guide system leads the contact slide ahead, bounces on impact surfaces in the so-called lower part of the switching unit and flies back along the inner guide system. In this case, it flies against the switching armature or the plunger of the switching unit. It may happen that the movable contact piece and the plunger meet outside their center lines, so that this can lead to a rotation of the movable contact piece about its longitudinal axis.
  • Another problem is that in the event of a short circuit, the circuit breaker does not interrupt the short circuit current fast enough. In this case, three contact-opening mechanisms act staggered over time.
  • the short-term temporary contact opening due to a current flow occurs on the one hand via current loop forces at the contact point between fixed and movable contact pieces and on the other hand via an electromagnetically driven pin by the short-circuit release.
  • the permanent contact opening is made via a mechanical linkage chain to be unlatched in conjunction with a shift lever.
  • the DE 10 2006 055007 A1 , the DE 10 2008 016036 A1 and the DE 10 2006 054984 A1 disclose a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts on the movable contact piece via a plunger in the event of a short circuit, wherein the switching unit has a movable braking device which is designed in this way in that, in the event of a short circuit, the movable brake device dampens the movement of the rebounding movable contact piece.
  • the US Pat. No. 3,516,090 discloses a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts on the movable contact piece via a plunger in the event of a short circuit, wherein the switching unit has a movable braking device, which is designed in this way in that, in the event of a short circuit, the movable brake device dampens the movement of the rebounding movable contact piece.
  • a contact slide unit with a contact piece.
  • the contact piece sits inside a guide system on the leg elements of the contact slide.
  • the leg elements serve to guide a contact pressure spring.
  • at least one fixing element is attached to the contact slide.
  • the fixing element is fixed to the contact slide, that this bridge effect acts on the switching piece Brückenfilhemmend.
  • the contact slide points a U-shaped cross-section with a base member having a centrally disposed recess for the passage of a plunger, and also provided with at least two leg elements for guiding and / or limiting the switching piece on the contact slide.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a switching unit which reliably ensures the timing of the contact-opening mechanisms even at high short-circuit currents.
  • this object is achieved by a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker, with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and a movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts on the movable contact piece via a plunger in the event of a short circuit.
  • the invention is characterized in that the switching unit has a movable braking device, which is designed such that in case of short circuit, the movable braking device dampens the movement of the rebounded, movable contact piece.
  • the invention makes use of the physical principle of energy exchange in the collision of two bodies. If two bodies bang together, their velocities change analogously to their mass ratios. The contact piece rebounding from the housing coincides with a mass. The speed of the contact is significantly slowed down and thus the time to reach the fixed contact points extended. This time delay is sufficient for the switch lock to be able to travel the way to a permanent minimum contact opening width.
  • the movable contact piece is guided on a guide element, wherein the movable brake device is arranged above the movable contact piece and at the upper end of the guide element.
  • the guide element is preferably designed as a guide pin and has a region of greater mass. The center of mass is above the moving contact. The mass is moved to the current dynamic lifting of the contact piece by the plunger of the short-circuit release in the return trajectory of the contact piece. The thus resulting inevitable collision with the located on the return path switching piece leads to the desired time delay.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the assembly is easy to accomplish and also a guiding function of the bridge is realized against rotation.
  • the movable braking device in the form of a mass is a flat-shaped metal part produced by means of stamping technology.
  • This special embodiment has the advantage that stamped parts are less expensive.
  • the flat shape of the metal part reduces the insulation distance between the two switching poles, so the L and the T-side, far less than a mass equal, asymmetric rotary part. It also requires a smaller space.
  • a further movable braking device is additionally arranged at the lower end of the guide element.
  • a second mass is positioned in addition to the first mass below the movable contact piece. Both masses are together connected to a double mass, preferably by an opening breakthrough located in the switching bridge. They are also arranged axially displaceable in the direction of the contact opening. In current-dynamic contact bridge opening, the switching bridge against the contact load spring in its opening movement first against the bottom mass arranged, accelerates this and is thereby slowed down. Bridge and double mass fly up to the possibly different housing stops and rebound from there. According to the invention, the housing stop of the double mass is farther from the contact point than that of the contact bridge.
  • the movable contact piece has an opening in which the guide element is positioned.
  • the guide element has a mass-formed braking device above the movable contact piece.
  • a further additional mass is arranged as a braking device below the movable contact piece on the guide element.
  • the invention is characterized in that by positioning at least one additional mass, which serves as a braking device, an energy exchange is caused by the impact of two bodies, which leads to the speed reduction of the movable contact piece.
  • the additional masses for the braking device according to the invention are arranged on the guide element, which guides the movable contact piece.
  • the guide element has a double function. On the one hand, it serves as a braking device to reduce the speed of the movable, rebound contact piece in the event of triggering.
  • the guide element guides the movable contact piece so that rotations of the contact piece due to a high momentum of movement are reliably avoided.
  • the switching unit according to the invention thus also allows reliable at high short-circuit currents, the timing of the contact-opening mechanisms.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a switching unit with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide 1 and a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3, and a short-circuit release 4, which acts via a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit on the movable contact piece 3.
  • the movable contact piece 3 has an opening 6, through which a guide element 7 is guided.
  • the guide element 7 is formed above the movable contact piece 3 with a mass 8 which is arranged on the movable contact piece 3, that it separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2 in the event of a short circuit when the plunger 5 strikes the mass 8.
  • the guide element 7 can be guided either in the housing 9 or in the contact slide 1 or in a combination of housing 9 and contact slide 1.
  • a mechanical kinematics chain to be unlatched in the form of a switching mechanism 10 is shown.
  • the switching mechanism 10 has the function of keeping the contact bridge permanently open when triggered.
  • Fig. 2 is the contact slide unit after Fig. 1 displayed in the event of a trip.
  • the plunger 5 meets the mass 8 of the guide member 7, whereby the guide member 7 moves back into the guide of the housing 9 and thereby separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2.
  • Fig. 3 shows the first embodiment Fig. 1 and 2 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece 3 on the braking device, which is formed in the form of the mass 8 on the guide element 7.
  • Fig. 4 shows the embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 3 , wherein the contact bridge is held in the open state by the switching mechanism 10.
  • Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of a switching unit according to the invention with a contact slide 1 and a short-circuit release 4 with a braking device according to the invention in the form of a double mass 11 in the on state.
  • the contact slide unit comprises a contact slide 1 and a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3 and a short-circuit release 4, which acts on the movable contact piece 3 via a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit.
  • the movable contact piece 3 on an opening 6, through which a guide member 12 is guided.
  • the guide element 12 is formed above and below the movable contact piece 3 respectively at the end regions with a mass that characterizes the braking device according to the invention of the second embodiment in the form of a double mass 11.
  • the mass above the movable contact piece 3 is designed such that it separates the movable contact 3 from the fixed contact 2 in case of short circuit, when the plunger 5 meets the mass.
  • the mass below the movable contact piece 3 is designed such that it limits the movement of the movable contact piece 3 when triggered.
  • the guide for the guide member 12 with the double mass 11 in the housing 9 is adapted to the ground below the movable contact piece 3.
  • a mechanical kinematics chain to be unlatched in the form of a switching mechanism 10 is shown.
  • the switching mechanism 10 has the function of keeping the contact bridge permanently open when triggered.
  • Fig. 6 is the contact slide unit after Fig. 5 displayed in the event of a trip.
  • the plunger 5 meets the double mass 11 of the guide member 12, whereby the guide member 12 moves back into the guide of the housing 9 and thereby separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2.
  • Fig. 7 shows the embodiment according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 in the case of short circuit, wherein the movements of the movable contact piece 3 on the one hand by the housing stop and the Others is limited by the double mass 11 below the movable contact piece 3.
  • Fig. 8 shows the second embodiment according to the Fig. 5 to 7 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece 3 on the brake device according to the invention, which is in the form of a double mass 11 on the guide element 12.
  • Fig. 9 is the embodiment of the Fig. 5 to 8 shown, being held by the switching mechanism 10, the contact bridge in the open state.
  • Fig. 10 shows a third embodiment of a switching unit with a contact slide 1 and a short-circuit release 4 with a braking device in the form of a tubular body-like extension of the plunger 5 of the short-circuit release in the on state.
  • the contact slide unit comprises a contact slide 1 and a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3 and a short-circuit release 4, which acts on the movable contact 3 via a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit.
  • the braking device in the form of a tubular body-like extension 13, which surrounds the end of the plunger 5, is formed.
  • a mechanical kinematics chain to be unlatched in the form of a switching mechanism 10 is shown.
  • the switching mechanism 10 has the function of keeping the contact bridge permanently open when triggered.
  • Fig. 11 is the contact slide unit after Fig. 10 displayed in the event of a trip.
  • the plunger 5 including the tubular body-like extension 13 meets the movable contact piece 3, whereby the movable contact piece 3 is separated from the fixed contact piece 2.
  • Fig. 12 the third embodiment according to the Fig. 10 and 11 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece 3 on the brake device, which is formed in the form of a tubular body-like extension 13 on the plunger 5.
  • Fig. 13 is the embodiment of the 10 to 12 shown, being held by the switching mechanism 10, the contact bridge in the open state.
  • Fig. 14 shows a path-time diagram for a movable contact piece without inventive braking device from the prior art. From the diagram it can be seen that as much time is required for the movement in the direction of the housing stop as for the return movement toward the fixed contact piece, that is to say the movable contact piece undergoes this movement without braking.
  • Fig. 15 is a path-time diagram for an embodiment with an additional mass as a braking device or with a tubular body-like projection on the plunger shown as a braking device for the movable contact piece.
  • the path from the contact contact S 0 to the housing stop S 2 follows the course Fig. 14 like.
  • the path from the housing stop L 2 in the direction of contact contact S 0 is different.
  • the point S 1 to collision and thus the energy exchange between the respective braking device and the movable contact piece.
  • the associated time gain is evident from the diagram in the form of the time interval t 2 . Due to the time delay, which is caused by the braking device, the operation of the switching mechanism is guaranteed.
  • Fig. 16 the path-time diagram for the embodiment according to the invention with double mass is shown as a braking device for the movable contact piece. Unlike the diagram Fig. 15 results in an even greater time delay, in the diagram with t 3 , by the two-time collision between the upper mass and the movable contact piece and between the lower mass and the movable contact piece. By this time delay, the operation of the switching mechanism is guaranteed here.
  • Fig. 17 is another switching unit with a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3 and a short-circuit release 4 shown, which acts on a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit on the movable contact piece 3.
  • the guide element 7 is formed above the movable contact piece 3 with a mass 8 which is arranged on the movable contact piece 3, that it separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2 in the event of a short circuit when the plunger 5 strikes the mass 8.
  • the mass 8 is formed in this embodiment as a flat-shaped metal part, which was produced by means of stamping technology.
  • the invention is characterized in that by positioning at least one additional mass, which serves as a braking device, an energy exchange is caused by the impact of two bodies, which leads to speed reduction of the movable contact piece.
  • the additional masses for the braking device according to the invention are arranged on the guide element, which guides the movable contact piece.
  • the guide element has a double function. On the one hand, it serves as a braking device to reduce the speed of the movable rebound contact piece in the event of triggering.
  • the guide element guides the movable contact piece so that rotations of the contact piece due to a high momentum of movement are reliably avoided.
  • the switching unit according to the invention thus also allows reliable at high short-circuit currents, the timing of the contact-opening mechanisms.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schalteinheit, insbesondere einen Leistungsschalter, mit einer Kontaktschiebereinheit, die einen Kontaktschieber sowie ein festes und ein bewegliches Schaltstück aufweist, und einem Kurzschlussauslöser, der über einen Stößel im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück wirkt.The invention relates to a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker, with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and a movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts via a plunger in the event of a short circuit on the movable contact piece.

Schalteinheiten, insbesondere Leistungsschalter, dienen unter Anderem dem sicheren Abschalten bei einem Kurzschluss und schützen dadurch Verbraucher und Anlagen. Ferner eignen sich elektrische oder mechanische Schalteinheiten für das betriebsmäßige, manuelle Schalten von Verbrauchern sowie zur sicheren Trennung einer Anlage vom Stromnetz bei Wartungsarbeiten oder Änderungen an der Anlage. Elektrische Schalteinheiten werden häufig elektromagnetisch betrieben.Switching units, in particular circuit breakers, serve, among other things, the safe switching off in the event of a short circuit and thus protect consumers and systems. Furthermore, electrical or mechanical switching units are suitable for the operational, manual switching of consumers and for the safe separation of a system from the power network during maintenance or changes to the system. Electrical switching units are often operated electromagnetically.

Das heißt, derartige Schalteinheiten sind technisch hochwertige elektrische Schaltgeräte mit integriertem Schutz für Motoren, Leitungen, Transformatoren und Generatoren. Ihren Einsatz finden sie an Funktionsstellen mit geringerer Schalthäufigkeit. Derartige Schalteinheiten sind neben dem Kurzschlussschutz auch für den Überlastschutz geeignet.That is, such switching units are high-quality electrical switching devices with integrated protection for motors, lines, transformers and generators. They are used at workstations with a lower switching frequency. Such switching units are suitable in addition to the short circuit protection for overload protection.

Im Fall eines Kurzschlusses schaltet eine elektrische Schalteinheit eine elektrische Anlage sicher ab. Somit bietet diese einen Sicherungsschutz vor Überlastung. Jeder Leiter, durch den Strom fließt, erwärmt sich mehr oder weniger stark. Die Erwärmung hängt dabei vom Verhältnis der Stromstärke zum Stromleiterquerschnitt ab, der sogenannten Stromdichte. Die Stromdichte darf nicht zu groß werden, da sonst durch zu hohe Erwärmung die Leiterisolationen verschmoren oder möglicherweise ein Brand ausgelöst werden kann. Um elektrische Anlagen gegen diese schädigenden Auswirkungen zu schützen, werden Schalteinheiten als Überstrom-Schutzeinrichtung verwendet. Leistungsschalter weisen zwei voneinander getrennt wirkende Auslösemechanismen für den Überlast- und Kurzschlussschutz auf. Beide Auslöser sind in Reihe geschaltet. Den Schutz beim Kurzschluss übernimmt ein zeitlich nahezu unverzögert wirkender elektromagnetischer Auslöser. Bei einem Kurzschluss entklinkt der elektromagnetische Auslöser unverzögert ein Schaltschloss des Leistungsschalters. Ein Schaltanker trennt das Schaltstück, ehe der Kurzschlussstrom seinen Höchstwert erreichen kann.In the case of a short circuit, an electrical switching unit switches off an electrical system safely. Thus, this provides a protection against overload. Every conductor through which electricity flows heats up more or less. The heating depends on the ratio of the current to the conductor cross section, the so-called current density. The current density must not be too large, otherwise the conductor insulations may be spattered or possibly cause a fire due to excessive heating. To protect electrical equipment against these damaging effects, switching units are used as overcurrent protective devices. Circuit breakers have two separate release mechanisms for overload and short-circuit protection. Both triggers are connected in series. Short-circuit protection is provided by an electromagnetic release that acts almost instantaneously. In the event of a short circuit, the electromagnetic release unlocks without delay a circuit breaker of the circuit breaker. A switching armature disconnects the contactor before the short-circuit current can reach its maximum value.

Bekannte Schalteinheiten weisen eine Kontaktschiebereinheit mit einem Kontaktschieber und einem beweglichen Schaltstück auf. Das bewegliche Schaltstück weist ferner elektrische Kontakte auf. Ferner weisen derartige Schalteinheiten erste Kontakte zu einer Stromleitung auf. In einem eingeschalteten Zustand kontaktieren die elektrischen Kontakte des beweglichen Schaltstückes die festen Kontakte der Schalteinheit. Im Kurzschlussfall werden die elektrischen Kontakte des beweglichen Schaltstückes von den festen Kontakten gelöst, so dass der Stromfluss unterbrochen wird. Hierbei wird das bewegliche Schaltstück von den festen Kontakten gelöst. Durch Kurzschlussabschaltungen in einer Schalteinheit kann es jedoch nach dem Lösen des beweglichen Schaltstückes zur Drehung des beweglichen Schaltstückes um seine Längsachse kommen. Wenn sich das bewegliche Schaltstück um seine Längsachse dreht, wird dies auch als Brückendreher bezeichnet. Das heißt, das bewegliche Schaltstück kehrt dann nach der Drehung nicht mehr in seine Ausgangslage zurück, sondern verharrt in der gedrehten Stellung.Known switching units have a contact slide unit with a contact slide and a movable contact piece. The movable contact piece also has electrical contacts. Furthermore, such switching units have first contacts to a power line. In an on state, the electrical contacts of the movable contact piece contact the fixed contacts of the switching unit. In the event of a short circuit, the electrical contacts of the movable contact piece are released from the fixed contacts, so that the flow of current is interrupted. Here, the movable contact is released from the fixed contacts. By short-circuit shutdowns in a switching unit, however, it may come to the rotation of the movable contact piece about its longitudinal axis after releasing the movable contact piece. When the movable contact piece rotates about its longitudinal axis, this is also referred to as a bridge rotator. That is, the movable contact piece then returns after the rotation is no longer in its original position, but remains in the rotated position.

Bekannte Kontaktschieber von Schalteinheiten weisen häufig zwei Führungssysteme, ein inneres und ein äußeres Führungssystem auf. Das äußere Führungssystem kommt dann zum Einsatz, wenn der Schaltvorgang, das heißt, das Ein- oder Ausschalten, über ein Schaltschloss der Schalteinheit erfolgt. Hierbei entsteht kein Brückendreher. Das innere Führungssystem kommt im Kurzschussfall zum Einsatz, wenn der Schaltvorgang über einen Schaltanker, häufig ein Stößel, der Schalteinheit erfolgt. Das heißt, beim Abschalten auf Grund eines Kurzschlusses eilt das bewegliche Schaltstück entlang des inneren Führungssystems dem Kontaktschieber voraus, prallt an Aufschlagflächen im so genannten Unterteil der Schalteinheit ab und fliegt wieder entlang dem inneren Führungssystem zurück. Hierbei fliegt es dem Schaltanker beziehungsweise dem Stößel der Schalteinheit entgegen. Dabei kann es passieren, dass sich das bewegliche Schaltstück und der Stößel außerhalb ihrer Mittellinien treffen, so dass dies zu einem Verdrehen des beweglichen Schaltstückes um seine Längsachse führen kann.Known contact slides of switching units often have two guide systems, an inner and an outer guide system. The outer guide system is used when the switching operation, that is, the switching on or off, via a switching mechanism of the switching unit. This does not create a bridge twister. The inner guide system is used in the short-firing case when the switching operation via a switching armature, often a plunger, the switching unit takes place. That is, when switching off due to a short circuit, the movable contact piece along the inner guide system leads the contact slide ahead, bounces on impact surfaces in the so-called lower part of the switching unit and flies back along the inner guide system. In this case, it flies against the switching armature or the plunger of the switching unit. It may happen that the movable contact piece and the plunger meet outside their center lines, so that this can lead to a rotation of the movable contact piece about its longitudinal axis.

Wenn das bewegliche Schaltstück im gedrehten Zustand verharrt, treffen bei einem nächsten Einschalten der Schalteinheit nicht mehr die Kontakte, insbesondere Silberkontakte des beweglichen Schaltstücks und die festen Kontakte der Schalteinheit aufeinander, so dass es zu Ausfallerscheinungen kommt. Das heißt, ein in einer verdrehten Position verharrendes Schaltstück ist nachteilig, da die Schalteinheit dann nicht mehr einsatzfähig ist. Ein nicht funktionierendes Schaltstück und eine nicht funktionierende Schalteinheit sind nachteilig für die elektrischen Verbraucher und die Anlage, in der die Schalteinheit eingebaut ist.When the movable contact piece remains in the rotated state, no longer hit the contacts, in particular silver contacts of the movable contact piece and the fixed contacts of the switching unit to each other when switching on the next switching unit, so that there are deficiencies. In other words, a switching piece that remains in a twisted position is disadvantageous because the switching unit is then no longer operational. A non-functioning switching piece and a non-functioning switching unit are detrimental to the electrical loads and the system in which the switching unit is installed.

Ein weiteres Problem besteht darin, dass bei einem Kurzschlussfall der Leistungsschalter den Kurzschlussstrom nicht schnell genug unterbricht. Dabei wirken zeitlich gestaffelt drei Kontakt öffnende Mechanismen. Die kurzzeitige vorübergehende Kontaktöffnung auf Grund eines Stromflusses erfolgt zum Einen über Stromschleifenkräfte an der Kontaktstelle zwischen festen und beweglichen Schaltstücken und zum Anderen über einen vom Kurzschlussauslöser elektromagnetisch angetriebenen Stift. Die dauerhafte Kontaktöffnung erfolgt über eine zu entklinkende Mechanikkinematikkette in Verbindung mit einem Schalthebel.Another problem is that in the event of a short circuit, the circuit breaker does not interrupt the short circuit current fast enough. In this case, three contact-opening mechanisms act staggered over time. The short-term temporary contact opening due to a current flow occurs on the one hand via current loop forces at the contact point between fixed and movable contact pieces and on the other hand via an electromagnetically driven pin by the short-circuit release. The permanent contact opening is made via a mechanical linkage chain to be unlatched in conjunction with a shift lever.

Problematisch ist es nun, wenn so hohe Kurzschlussströme auftreten, dass der zeitliche Ablauf der Kontakt öffnenden Mechanismen nicht mehr funktioniert. Die dann vorliegenden sehr großen Stromschleifenkräfte führen zu einer derart hohen Beschleunigung des beweglichen Schaltstücks, dass es so schnell vom Anschlag des Gehäuses zurück reflektiert wird, dass der Kontakt wieder geschlossen wird, bevor das Schaltschloss über den Schalthebel dauerhaft geöffnet gehalten werden kann. Die Folge davon kann die Zerstörung des Gerätes sein.The problem now is when such high short-circuit currents occur that the timing of the contact-opening mechanisms no longer works. The then very present large current grinding forces lead to such a high acceleration of the movable contact piece that it is reflected back so quickly from the stop of the housing that the contact is closed again before the switch lock can be kept permanently open via the lever. The consequence of this can be the destruction of the device.

Die DE 10 2006 055007 A1 , die DE 10 2008 016036 A1 und die DE 10 2006 054984 A1 offenbaren eine Schalteinheit, insbesondere einen Leistungsschalter mit einer Kontaktschiebereinheit, die einen Kontaktschieber sowie ein festes und bewegliches Schaltstück aufweist, und einen Kurzschlussauslöser, der über einen Stößel im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück wirkt, wobei die Schalteinheit eine bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung aufweist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass im Kurzschlussfall die bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung die Bewegung des rückgeprallten beweglichen Schaltstückes dämpft.The DE 10 2006 055007 A1 , the DE 10 2008 016036 A1 and the DE 10 2006 054984 A1 disclose a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts on the movable contact piece via a plunger in the event of a short circuit, wherein the switching unit has a movable braking device which is designed in this way in that, in the event of a short circuit, the movable brake device dampens the movement of the rebounding movable contact piece.

Die US 3 516 090 A offenbart eine Schalteinheit, insbesondere einen Leistungsschalter mit einer Kontaktschiebereinheit, die einen Kontaktschieber sowie ein festes und bewegliches Schaltstück aufweist, und einen Kurzschlussauslöser, der über einen Stößel im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück wirkt, wobei die Schalteinheit eine bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung aufweist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass im Kurzschlussfall die bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung die Bewegung des rückgeprallten beweglichen Schaltstückes dämpft.The US Pat. No. 3,516,090 discloses a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts on the movable contact piece via a plunger in the event of a short circuit, wherein the switching unit has a movable braking device, which is designed in this way in that, in the event of a short circuit, the movable brake device dampens the movement of the rebounding movable contact piece.

Aus der DE 10 2007 015794 A1 geht eine Kontaktschiebereinheit mit einem Schaltstück hervor. Das Schaltstück sitzt dabei innerhalb eines Führungssystems an den Schenkelelementen des Kontaktschiebers. Die Schenkelelemente dienen zur Führung einer Kontaktdruckfeder. Damit das Schaltstück nicht beziehungsweise nur begrenzt entlang des Führungssystems in γ-Richtung verschiebbar ist, ist am Kontaktschieber zumindest ein Fixierelement befestigt. Dabei ist das Fixierelement derart am Kontaktschieber befestigt, dass dieses brückendrehhemmend auf das Schaltstück wirkt. Der Kontaktschieber weist einen U-förmigen Querschnitt auf mit einem Basiselement, welches eine zentral angeordnete Aussparung zur Durchführung eines Stößels aufweist, und zudem mit mindestens zwei Schenkelelementen zur Führung und/oder Begrenzung des Schaltstückes am Kontaktschieber versehen ist.From the DE 10 2007 015794 A1 goes out a contact slide unit with a contact piece. The contact piece sits inside a guide system on the leg elements of the contact slide. The leg elements serve to guide a contact pressure spring. So that the switching piece is not or only limited along the guide system in γ-direction displaced, at least one fixing element is attached to the contact slide. In this case, the fixing element is fixed to the contact slide, that this bridge effect acts on the switching piece Brückendrehhemmend. The contact slide points a U-shaped cross-section with a base member having a centrally disposed recess for the passage of a plunger, and also provided with at least two leg elements for guiding and / or limiting the switching piece on the contact slide.

Demgemäß besteht die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, eine Schalteinheit zu schaffen, welche auch bei hohen Kurzschlussströmen den zeitlichen Ablauf der Kontakt öffnenden Mechanismen zuverlässig gewährleistet.Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a switching unit which reliably ensures the timing of the contact-opening mechanisms even at high short-circuit currents.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Schalteinheit, insbesondere einen Leistungsschalter, mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung.This object is achieved by a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker, with the features of claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Schalteinheit, insbesondere einen Leistungsschalter gelöst, mit einer Kontaktschiebereinheit, die einen Kontaktschieber sowie ein festes und ein bewegliches Schaltstück aufweist, und einem Kurzschlussauslöser, der über einen Stößel im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück wirkt.According to the invention this object is achieved by a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker, with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide and a fixed and a movable contact piece, and a short-circuit release, which acts on the movable contact piece via a plunger in the event of a short circuit.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dabei dadurch aus, dass die Schalteinheit eine bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung aufweist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass im Kurzschlussfall die bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung die Bewegung des rückgeprallten, beweglichen Schaltstückes dämpft.The invention is characterized in that the switching unit has a movable braking device, which is designed such that in case of short circuit, the movable braking device dampens the movement of the rebounded, movable contact piece.

Die Erfindung macht sich dabei das physikalische Prinzip des Energieaustausches beim Stoß zweier Körper zu Nutze. Prallen zwei Körper aneinander, verändern sich deren Geschwindigkeiten analog ihrer Massenverhältnisse. Das vom Gehäuse rückgeprallte Schaltstück trifft mit einer Masse zusammen. Dabei wird die Geschwindigkeit des Schaltstücks deutlich verlangsamt und somit die Zeit bis zum Erreichen der festen Kontaktstellen verlängert. Diese Zeitverzögerung ist für das Schaltschloss ausreichend, um den Weg bis zu einer dauerhaften Mindestkontaktöffnungsweite zurücklegen zu können.The invention makes use of the physical principle of energy exchange in the collision of two bodies. If two bodies bang together, their velocities change analogously to their mass ratios. The contact piece rebounding from the housing coincides with a mass. The speed of the contact is significantly slowed down and thus the time to reach the fixed contact points extended. This time delay is sufficient for the switch lock to be able to travel the way to a permanent minimum contact opening width.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das bewegliche Schaltstück auf einem Führungselement geführt, wobei die bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung oberhalb vom beweglichen Schaltstück und am oberen Ende des Führungselementes angeordnet ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist das Führungselement vorzugsweise als Führungsstift ausgebildet und weist einen Bereich größerer Masse auf. Der Massenschwerpunkt liegt oberhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks. Die Masse wird nach dem stromdynamischen Abheben des Schaltstückes durch den Stößel des Kurzschlussauslösers in die Rückflugbahn des Schaltstückes verschoben. Der sich somit ergebende zwangsläufige Zusammenstoß mit dem auf dem Rückflugweg befindlichen Schaltstück führt zur gewünschten Zeitverzögerung. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform besteht darin, dass die Montage einfach zu bewerkstelligen ist und zudem eine Führungsfunktion der Brücke gegen Verdrehung realisiert ist. Es kann ergänzend hierzu weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass die bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung in Form einer Masse ein mittels Stanztechnik hergestelltes, flach ausgeprägtes Metallteil ist. Mit dieser speziellen Ausführungsform ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass stanztechnisch hergestellte Teile kostengünstiger sind. Zudem verringert die flache Form des Metallteils die Isolationsstrecke zwischen den beiden Schaltpolen, also der L- und der T-Seite, weit weniger als ein massegleiches, asymmetrisches Drehteil. Es wird zudem ein kleinerer Bauraum benötigt.According to the invention, the movable contact piece is guided on a guide element, wherein the movable brake device is arranged above the movable contact piece and at the upper end of the guide element. According to the invention, the guide element is preferably designed as a guide pin and has a region of greater mass. The center of mass is above the moving contact. The mass is moved to the current dynamic lifting of the contact piece by the plunger of the short-circuit release in the return trajectory of the contact piece. The thus resulting inevitable collision with the located on the return path switching piece leads to the desired time delay. The advantage of this embodiment is that the assembly is easy to accomplish and also a guiding function of the bridge is realized against rotation. In addition, it can furthermore be provided that the movable braking device in the form of a mass is a flat-shaped metal part produced by means of stamping technology. This special embodiment has the advantage that stamped parts are less expensive. In addition, the flat shape of the metal part reduces the insulation distance between the two switching poles, so the L and the T-side, far less than a mass equal, asymmetric rotary part. It also requires a smaller space.

Erfindungsgemäß ist zusätzlich am unteren Ende des Führungselements eine weitere bewegbare Bremsvorrichtung angeordnet. Erfindungsgemäß ist zusätzlich zur ersten Masse unterhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks eine zweite Masse positioniert. Beide Massen sind miteinander zu einer Doppelmasse verbunden, vorzugsweise durch einen in der Schaltbrücke befindlichen Öffnungsdurchbruch. Sie sind außerdem in Richtung Kontaktöffnung axial verschiebbar angeordnet. Bei stromdynamischer Kontaktbrückenöffnung schlägt die Schaltbrücke entgegen der Kontaktlastfeder in ihrer Öffnungsbewegung zunächst gegen die unten angeordnete Masse, beschleunigt diese und wird dabei selbst verlangsamt. Brücke und Doppelmasse fliegen bis zu den gegebenenfalls unterschiedlichen Gehäuseanschlägen und prallen von dort zurück. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Gehäuseanschlag der Doppelmasse weiter vom Kontaktpunkt entfernt als der der Kontaktbrücke. Dies führt dazu, dass die Brücke bereits wieder auf dem Rückweg ist und abermals mit der noch hinfliegenden Doppelmasse zusammenstößt, wobei sie weitere Bewegungsenergie abgibt, so dass die Brücke weiter verlangsamt wird. Die vorgespannte Kontaktlastfeder bewegt beide Teile wieder Richtung Kontakt. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform besteht zum Einen in der enormen Geschwindigkeitsdämpfung und zum Anderen in der Führungsfunktion der Brücke, die vor Verdrehung schützt. Das bewegliche Schaltstück weist einen Durchbruch auf, in welchem das Führungselement positioniert ist. Das Führungselement weist oberhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks eine als Masse ausgebildete Bremsvorrichtung auf. Erfindungsgemäß ist auch unterhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks am Führungselement eine weitere zusätzliche Masse als Bremsvorrichtung angeordnet. Im Auslösefall wandert der Stößel des Kurzschlussauslösers in Richtung des beweglichen Schaltstücks.According to the invention, a further movable braking device is additionally arranged at the lower end of the guide element. According to the invention, a second mass is positioned in addition to the first mass below the movable contact piece. Both masses are together connected to a double mass, preferably by an opening breakthrough located in the switching bridge. They are also arranged axially displaceable in the direction of the contact opening. In current-dynamic contact bridge opening, the switching bridge against the contact load spring in its opening movement first against the bottom mass arranged, accelerates this and is thereby slowed down. Bridge and double mass fly up to the possibly different housing stops and rebound from there. According to the invention, the housing stop of the double mass is farther from the contact point than that of the contact bridge. This means that the bridge is already back on the way back and again collides with the still flying double mass, giving more kinetic energy, so that the bridge is slowed down further. The preloaded contact load spring moves both parts again in the direction of contact. The advantage of this embodiment is on the one hand in the enormous speed damping and on the other hand in the guiding function of the bridge, which protects against rotation. The movable contact piece has an opening in which the guide element is positioned. The guide element has a mass-formed braking device above the movable contact piece. According to the invention, a further additional mass is arranged as a braking device below the movable contact piece on the guide element. When triggered, the plunger of the short-circuit release moves in the direction of the movable contact.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass durch Positionierung zumindest einer zusätzlichen Masse, die als Bremsvorrichtung dient, ein Energieaustausch durch den Stoß zweier Körper hervorgerufen wird, der zur Geschwindigkeitsreduzierung des beweglichen Schaltstücks führt. Die zusätzlichen Massen für die erfindungsgemäße Bremsvorrichtung sind am Führungselement angeordnet, welches das bewegliche Schaltstück führt. Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung kommt dem Führungselement eine Doppelfunktion zu. Zum Einen dient es als Bremsvorrichtung, um die Geschwindigkeit des beweglichen, rückgeprallten Schaltstückes im Auslösefall zu reduzieren. Zum Anderen führt das Führungselement das bewegliche Schaltstück, so dass Drehungen des Schaltstücks in Folge eines hohen Bewegungsimpulses zuverlässig vermieden werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Schalteinheit ermöglicht somit auch zuverlässig bei hohen Kurzschlussströmen den zeitlichen Ablauf der Kontakt öffnenden Mechanismen.The invention is characterized in that by positioning at least one additional mass, which serves as a braking device, an energy exchange is caused by the impact of two bodies, which leads to the speed reduction of the movable contact piece. The additional masses for the braking device according to the invention are arranged on the guide element, which guides the movable contact piece. As a result of this embodiment according to the invention, the guide element has a double function. On the one hand, it serves as a braking device to reduce the speed of the movable, rebound contact piece in the event of triggering. On the other hand, the guide element guides the movable contact piece so that rotations of the contact piece due to a high momentum of movement are reliably avoided. The switching unit according to the invention thus also allows reliable at high short-circuit currents, the timing of the contact-opening mechanisms.

Weitere Vorteile und Ausführungen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnung erläutert.Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments and with reference to the drawing.

Dabei zeigen schematisch:

  • Fig. 1 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schalteinheit mit einem Kontaktschieber und einem Kurzschlussauslöser mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung in Form einer zusätzlichen Masse im eingeschalteten Zustand;
  • Fig. 2 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 im Kurzschlussfall;
  • Fig. 3 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 und 2 während der Brückenreflexion des beweglichen Schaltstückes an der Bremsvorrichtung;
  • Fig. 4 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 bis 3 mit einer durch das Schaltschloss geöffnet gehaltenen Kontaktstelle;
  • Fig. 5 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalteinheit mit einem Kontaktschieber und einem Kurzschlussauslöser mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung in Form einer Doppelmasse im eingeschalteten Zustand;
  • Fig. 6 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 5 im Kurzschlussfall;
  • Fig. 7 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 6 im Kurzschlussfall, wobei der Gehäuseanschlag des beweglichen Schaltstücks gezeigt ist;
  • Fig. 8 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 5 bis 7 während der Brückenreflexion des beweglichen Schaltstücks an der Bremsvorrichtung;
  • Fig. 9 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 5 bis 8 mit einer durch das Schaltschloss geöffnet gehaltenen Kontaktstelle;
  • Fig. 10 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schalteinheit mit einem Kontaktschieber und einem Kurzschlussauslöser mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung in Form eines rohrkörperartigen Fortsatzes des Stößels des Kurzschlussauslösers im eingeschalteten Zustand;
  • Fig. 11 in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 im Kurzschlussfall;
  • Fig. 12 in einer Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 10 und 11 während der Brückenreflexion des beweglichen Schaltstückes an der Bremsvorrichtung;
  • Fig. 13 in einer Schnittdarstellung das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 10 bis 12 mit einer durch das Schaltschloss geöffnet gehaltenen Kontaktstelle;
  • Fig. 14 ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm aus dem Stand der Technik für das bewegliche Schaltstück;
  • Fig. 15 ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm für die Ausführungsbeispiele mit einer zusätzlichen Masse als Bremsvorrichtung beziehungsweise mit einem rohrkörperartigen Fortsatz am Stößel als Bremsvorrichtung für das bewegliche Schaltstück;
  • Fig. 16 ein erfindungsgemäßes Weg-Zeit-Diagramm für das Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Doppelmasse als Bremsvorrichtung für das bewegliche Schaltstück.
  • Fig. 17 in einer perspektischen Darstellung ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schalteinheit mit einem Kurzschlussauslöser mit einer Bremsvorrichtung in Form einer Masse, die als flach ausgeprägtes Metallteil mittels Stanztechnik hergestellt ist.
Here are shown schematically:
  • Fig. 1 in a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of a switching unit with a contact slide and a short-circuit release with a braking device according to the invention in the form of an additional mass in the on state;
  • Fig. 2 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 1 in the event of a short circuit;
  • Fig. 3 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 1 and 2 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece on the brake device;
  • Fig. 4 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 1 to 3 with a contact point held open by the switching mechanism;
  • Fig. 5 in a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of a switching unit according to the invention with a contact slide and a short-circuit release with a braking device according to the invention in the form of a double mass in the on state;
  • Fig. 6 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 5 in the event of a short circuit;
  • Fig. 7 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 6 in the event of a short circuit, the housing stop of the moving contact piece being shown;
  • Fig. 8 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment of the Fig. 5 to 7 during bridge reflection of the movable contact on the brake device;
  • Fig. 9 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment of the Fig. 5 to 8 with a contact point held open by the switching mechanism;
  • Fig. 10 in a schematic sectional view of a third embodiment of a switching unit with a contact slide and a short-circuit release with a braking device according to the invention in the form of a tubular body-like extension of the plunger of the short-circuit release in the on state;
  • Fig. 11 in a schematic sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 1 in the event of a short circuit;
  • Fig. 12 in a sectional view of the embodiment of the Fig. 10 and 11 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece on the brake device;
  • Fig. 13 in a sectional view of the embodiment of the 10 to 12 with a contact point held open by the switching mechanism;
  • Fig. 14 a path-time diagram of the prior art for the movable contact piece;
  • Fig. 15 a path-time diagram for the embodiments with an additional mass as a braking device or with a tubular body-like extension on the plunger as a braking device for the movable contact piece;
  • Fig. 16 an inventive path-time diagram for the embodiment with a double mass according to the invention as a braking device for the movable contact piece.
  • Fig. 17 in a perspective view of another embodiment of a switching unit with a short-circuit release with a braking device in the form of a mass, which is made as a flat-shaped metal part by means of punching technology.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schalteinheit mit einer Kontaktschiebereinheit, die einen Kontaktschieber 1 sowie ein festes und ein bewegliches Schaltstück 2, 3 aufweist, und einen Kurzschlussauslöser 4, der über einen Stößel 5 im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 wirkt. Das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 weist einen Durchbruch 6 auf, durch welchen ein Führungselement 7 geführt ist. Das Führungselement 7 ist oberhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 mit einer Masse 8 ausgebildet, die derart auf dem beweglichen Schaltstück 3 angeordnet ist, dass sie im Kurzschlussfall das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 vom festen Schaltstück 2 trennt, wenn der Stößel 5 auf die Masse 8 trifft. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a switching unit with a contact slide unit, which has a contact slide 1 and a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3, and a short-circuit release 4, which acts via a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit on the movable contact piece 3. The movable contact piece 3 has an opening 6, through which a guide element 7 is guided. The guide element 7 is formed above the movable contact piece 3 with a mass 8 which is arranged on the movable contact piece 3, that it separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2 in the event of a short circuit when the plunger 5 strikes the mass 8.

Der Massenschwerpunkt der Masse 8 liegt oberhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3. Unterhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 kann das Führungselement 7 entweder im Gehäuse 9 oder im Kontaktschieber 1 oder in einer Kombination aus Gehäuse 9 und Kontaktschieber 1 geführt sein. In Fig. 1 ist außerdem eine zu entklinkende Mechanikkinematikkette in Form eines Schaltschlosses 10 dargestellt. Das Schaltschloss 10 hat die Funktion, die Kontaktbrücke im Auslösefall dauerhaft geöffnet zu halten.Below the movable contact 3, the guide element 7 can be guided either in the housing 9 or in the contact slide 1 or in a combination of housing 9 and contact slide 1. In Fig. 1 Moreover, a mechanical kinematics chain to be unlatched in the form of a switching mechanism 10 is shown. The switching mechanism 10 has the function of keeping the contact bridge permanently open when triggered.

In Fig. 2 ist die Kontaktschiebereinheit nach Fig. 1 im Auslösefall dargestellt. Im Auslösefall trifft der Stößel 5 auf die Masse 8 des Führungselements 7, wodurch sich das Führungselement 7 in die Führung des Gehäuses 9 zurückbewegt und dabei das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 vom festen Schaltstück 2 trennt.In Fig. 2 is the contact slide unit after Fig. 1 displayed in the event of a trip. When triggered, the plunger 5 meets the mass 8 of the guide member 7, whereby the guide member 7 moves back into the guide of the housing 9 and thereby separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2.

Fig. 3 zeigt das erste Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 und 2 während der Brückenreflexion des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 an der Bremsvorrichtung, die in Form der Masse 8 am Führungselement 7 ausgebildet ist. Fig. 3 shows the first embodiment Fig. 1 and 2 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece 3 on the braking device, which is formed in the form of the mass 8 on the guide element 7.

Fig. 4 zeigt das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 1 bis 3, wobei durch das Schaltschloss 10 die Kontaktbrücke im geöffneten Zustand gehalten wird. Fig. 4 shows the embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 3 , wherein the contact bridge is held in the open state by the switching mechanism 10.

Fig. 5 zeigt ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalteinheit mit einem Kontaktschieber 1 und einem Kurzschlussauslöser 4 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung in Form einer Doppelmasse 11 im eingeschalteten Zustand. Entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Kontaktschiebereinheit einen Kontaktschieber 1 sowie ein festes und ein bewegliches Schaltstück 2, 3 auf und einen Kurzschlussauslöser 4, der über einen Stößel 5 im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 wirkt. Ebenso wie im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel weist das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 einen Durchbruch 6 auf, durch welchen ein Führungselement 12 geführt ist. Das Führungselement 12 ist oberhalb und unterhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 jeweils an den Endbereichen mit einer Masse ausgebildet, die die erfindungsgemäße Bremsvorrichtung des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels in Form einer Doppelmasse 11 kennzeichnet. Dabei ist die Masse oberhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 derart ausgebildet, dass sie im Kurzschlussfall das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 vom festen Schaltstück 2 trennt, wenn der Stößel 5 auf die Masse trifft. Die Masse unterhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie die Bewegung des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 im Auslösefall begrenzt. Dementsprechend ist die Führung für das Führungselement 12 mit der Doppelmasse 11 im Gehäuse 9 an die Masse unterhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 angepasst. In Fig. 5 ist außerdem eine zu entklinkende Mechanikkinematikkette in Form eines Schaltschlosses 10 dargestellt. Das Schaltschloss 10 hat die Funktion, die Kontaktbrücke im Auslösefall dauerhaft geöffnet zu halten. Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of a switching unit according to the invention with a contact slide 1 and a short-circuit release 4 with a braking device according to the invention in the form of a double mass 11 in the on state. According to the first embodiment, the contact slide unit comprises a contact slide 1 and a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3 and a short-circuit release 4, which acts on the movable contact piece 3 via a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit. As in the first embodiment, the movable contact piece 3 on an opening 6, through which a guide member 12 is guided. The guide element 12 is formed above and below the movable contact piece 3 respectively at the end regions with a mass that characterizes the braking device according to the invention of the second embodiment in the form of a double mass 11. In this case, the mass above the movable contact piece 3 is designed such that it separates the movable contact 3 from the fixed contact 2 in case of short circuit, when the plunger 5 meets the mass. The mass below the movable contact piece 3 is designed such that it limits the movement of the movable contact piece 3 when triggered. Accordingly, the guide for the guide member 12 with the double mass 11 in the housing 9 is adapted to the ground below the movable contact piece 3. In Fig. 5 Moreover, a mechanical kinematics chain to be unlatched in the form of a switching mechanism 10 is shown. The switching mechanism 10 has the function of keeping the contact bridge permanently open when triggered.

In Fig. 6 ist die Kontaktschiebereinheit nach Fig. 5 im Auslösefall dargestellt. Im Auslösefall trifft der Stößel 5 auf die Doppelmasse 11 des Führungselements 12, wodurch sich das Führungselement 12 in die Führung des Gehäuses 9 zurück bewegt und dabei das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 vom festen Schaltstück 2 trennt.In Fig. 6 is the contact slide unit after Fig. 5 displayed in the event of a trip. When triggered, the plunger 5 meets the double mass 11 of the guide member 12, whereby the guide member 12 moves back into the guide of the housing 9 and thereby separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2.

Fig. 7 zeigt das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Fig. 5 und 6 im Kurzschlussfall, wobei die Bewegungen des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 zum Einen durch den Gehäuseanschlag und zum Anderen durch die Doppelmasse 11 unterhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 begrenzt ist. Fig. 7 shows the embodiment according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 in the case of short circuit, wherein the movements of the movable contact piece 3 on the one hand by the housing stop and the Others is limited by the double mass 11 below the movable contact piece 3.

Fig. 8 zeigt das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Fig. 5 bis 7 während der Brückenreflektion des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 an der erfindungsgemäßen Bremsvorrichtung, die in Form einer Doppelmasse 11 am Führungselement 12 ausgebildet ist. Fig. 8 shows the second embodiment according to the Fig. 5 to 7 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece 3 on the brake device according to the invention, which is in the form of a double mass 11 on the guide element 12.

In Fig. 9 ist das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 5 bis 8 dargestellt, wobei durch das Schaltschloss 10 die Kontaktbrücke im geöffneten Zustand gehalten wird.In Fig. 9 is the embodiment of the Fig. 5 to 8 shown, being held by the switching mechanism 10, the contact bridge in the open state.

Fig. 10 zeigt ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schalteinheit mit einem Kontaktschieber 1 und einem Kurzschlussauslöser 4 mit einer Bremsvorrichtung in Form eines rohrkörperartigen Fortsatzes des Stößels 5 des Kurzschlussauslöser im eingeschalteten Zustand. Entsprechend dem ersten und zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Kontaktschiebereinheit einen Kontaktschieber 1 sowie ein festes und ein bewegliches Schaltstück 2, 3 auf und einen Kurzschlussauslöser 4, der über einen Stößel 5 im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 wirkt. In diesem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Bremsvorrichtung in Form eines rohrkörperartigen Fortsatzes 13, der das Ende des Stößels 5 umgibt, ausgebildet. In Fig. 10 ist außerdem eine zu entklinkende Mechanikkinematikkette in Form eines Schaltschlosses 10 dargestellt. Das Schaltschloss 10 hat die Funktion, die Kontaktbrücke im Auslösefall dauerhaft geöffnet zu halten. Fig. 10 shows a third embodiment of a switching unit with a contact slide 1 and a short-circuit release 4 with a braking device in the form of a tubular body-like extension of the plunger 5 of the short-circuit release in the on state. According to the first and second embodiments, the contact slide unit comprises a contact slide 1 and a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3 and a short-circuit release 4, which acts on the movable contact 3 via a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit. In this third embodiment, the braking device in the form of a tubular body-like extension 13, which surrounds the end of the plunger 5, is formed. In Fig. 10 Moreover, a mechanical kinematics chain to be unlatched in the form of a switching mechanism 10 is shown. The switching mechanism 10 has the function of keeping the contact bridge permanently open when triggered.

In Fig. 11 ist die Kontaktschiebereinheit nach Fig. 10 im Auslösefall dargestellt. Im Auslösefall trifft der Stößel 5 inklusive des rohrkörperartigen Fortsatzes 13 auf das bewegliche Schaltstück 3, wodurch das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 vom festen Schaltstück 2 getrennt wird.In Fig. 11 is the contact slide unit after Fig. 10 displayed in the event of a trip. When triggered, the plunger 5 including the tubular body-like extension 13 meets the movable contact piece 3, whereby the movable contact piece 3 is separated from the fixed contact piece 2.

Fig. 12 das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Fig. 10 und 11 während der Brückenreflexion des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 an der Bremsvorrichtung, die in Form eines rohrkörperartigen Fortsatzes 13 am Stößel 5 ausgebildet ist. Fig. 12 the third embodiment according to the Fig. 10 and 11 during the bridge reflection of the movable contact piece 3 on the brake device, which is formed in the form of a tubular body-like extension 13 on the plunger 5.

In Fig. 13 ist das Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 10 bis 12 dargestellt, wobei durch das Schaltschloss 10 die Kontaktbrücke im geöffneten Zustand gehalten wird.In Fig. 13 is the embodiment of the 10 to 12 shown, being held by the switching mechanism 10, the contact bridge in the open state.

Fig. 14 zeigt ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm für ein bewegliches Schaltstück ohne erfindungsgemäße Bremsvorrichtung aus dem Stand der Technik. Aus dem Diagramm ist ersichtlich, dass für die Bewegung in Richtung Gehäuseanschlag ebensoviel Zeit benötigt wird wie für die Rückschlagsbewegung zum festen Schaltstück hin, das heißt, das bewegliche Schaltstück durchläuft diese Bewegung ungebremst. Fig. 14 shows a path-time diagram for a movable contact piece without inventive braking device from the prior art. From the diagram it can be seen that as much time is required for the movement in the direction of the housing stop as for the return movement toward the fixed contact piece, that is to say the movable contact piece undergoes this movement without braking.

In Fig. 15 ist ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm für ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer zusätzlichen Masse als Bremsvorrichtung beziehungsweise mit einem rohrkörperartigen Fortsatz am Stößel als Bremsvorrichtung für das bewegliche Schaltstück dargestellt. Aus dem Diagramm geht hervor, dass der Weg von der Kontaktberührung S0 zum Gehäuseanschlag S2 dem Verlauf aus Fig. 14 gleicht. Unterschiedlich ist jedoch der Weg vom Gehäuseanschlag L2 in Richtung Kontaktberührung S0. Hier kommt es am Punkt S1 zum Zusammenstoß und damit zum Energieaustausch zwischen der jeweiligen Bremsvorrichtung und dem beweglichen Schaltstück. Der damit verbundene Zeitgewinn geht aus dem Diagramm in Form des Zeitabschnitts t2 hervor. Durch den zeitlichen Verzug, der durch die Bremsvorrichtung hervorgerufen wird, ist die Wirkungsweise des Schaltschlosses gewährleistet.In Fig. 15 is a path-time diagram for an embodiment with an additional mass as a braking device or with a tubular body-like projection on the plunger shown as a braking device for the movable contact piece. It can be seen from the diagram that the path from the contact contact S 0 to the housing stop S 2 follows the course Fig. 14 like. However, the path from the housing stop L 2 in the direction of contact contact S 0 is different. Here it comes to the point S 1 to collision and thus the energy exchange between the respective braking device and the movable contact piece. The associated time gain is evident from the diagram in the form of the time interval t 2 . Due to the time delay, which is caused by the braking device, the operation of the switching mechanism is guaranteed.

In Fig. 16 ist das Weg-Zeit-Diagramm für das erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiel mit Doppelmasse als Bremsvorrichtung für das bewegliche Schaltstück dargestellt. Im Unterschied zum Diagramm aus Fig. 15 ergibt sich eine noch größere Zeitverzögerung, die im Diagramm mit t3 bezeichnet ist, durch den zweimaligen Zusammenstoß zwischen der oberen Masse und dem beweglichen Schaltstück und zwischen der unteren Masse und dem beweglichen Schaltstück. Durch diesen zeitlichen Verzug ist auch hier die Wirkungsweise des Schaltschlosses gewährleistet.In Fig. 16 the path-time diagram for the embodiment according to the invention with double mass is shown as a braking device for the movable contact piece. Unlike the diagram Fig. 15 results in an even greater time delay, in the diagram with t 3 , by the two-time collision between the upper mass and the movable contact piece and between the lower mass and the movable contact piece. By this time delay, the operation of the switching mechanism is guaranteed here.

In Fig. 17 ist eine weitere Schalteinheit mit einem festen und einem beweglichen Schaltstück 2, 3 und einen Kurzschlussauslöser 4 dargestellt, der über einen Stößel 5 im Kurzschlussfall auf das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 wirkt. Das Führungselement 7 ist oberhalb des beweglichen Schaltstücks 3 mit einer Masse 8 ausgebildet, die derart auf dem beweglichen Schaltstück 3 angeordnet ist, dass sie im Kurzschlussfall das bewegliche Schaltstück 3 vom festen Schaltstück 2 trennt, wenn der Stößel 5 auf die Masse 8 trifft. Die Masse 8 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als flach ausgeprägtes Metallteil, welches mittels Stanztechnik hergestellt wurde, ausgebildet.In Fig. 17 is another switching unit with a fixed and a movable contact piece 2, 3 and a short-circuit release 4 shown, which acts on a plunger 5 in the event of a short circuit on the movable contact piece 3. The guide element 7 is formed above the movable contact piece 3 with a mass 8 which is arranged on the movable contact piece 3, that it separates the movable contact piece 3 from the fixed contact piece 2 in the event of a short circuit when the plunger 5 strikes the mass 8. The mass 8 is formed in this embodiment as a flat-shaped metal part, which was produced by means of stamping technology.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass durch Positionierung zumindest einer zusätzlichen Masse, die als Bremsvorrichtung dient, ein Energieaustausch durch den Stoß zweier Körper hervorgerufen wird, der zu Geschwindigkeitsreduzierung des beweglichen Schaltstücks führt. Die zusätzlichen Massen für die erfindungsgemäße Bremsvorrichtung sind am Führungselement angeordnet, welches das bewegliche Schaltstück führt. Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung kommt dem Führungselement eine Doppelfunktion zu. Zum Einen dient es als Bremsvorrichtung, um die Geschwindigkeit des beweglichen rückgeprallten Schaltstückes im Auslösefall zu reduzieren. Zum Anderen führt das Führungselement das bewegliche Schaltstück, so dass Drehungen des Schaltstücks in Folge eines hohen Bewegungsimpulses zuverlässig vermieden werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Schalteinheit ermöglicht somit auch zuverlässig bei hohen Kurzschlussströmen den zeitlichen Ablauf der Kontakt öffnenden Mechanismen. The invention is characterized in that by positioning at least one additional mass, which serves as a braking device, an energy exchange is caused by the impact of two bodies, which leads to speed reduction of the movable contact piece. The additional masses for the braking device according to the invention are arranged on the guide element, which guides the movable contact piece. As a result of this embodiment according to the invention, the guide element has a double function. On the one hand, it serves as a braking device to reduce the speed of the movable rebound contact piece in the event of triggering. On the other hand, the guide element guides the movable contact piece so that rotations of the contact piece due to a high momentum of movement are reliably avoided. The switching unit according to the invention thus also allows reliable at high short-circuit currents, the timing of the contact-opening mechanisms.

Claims (1)

  1. Switch unit, in particular circuit breaker, with a contact slide unit, comprising a contact slide (1), a fixed contact piece and a moveable contact piece (2, 3), and a short-circuit release (4) which acts upon the moveable contact piece (3) by means of a tappet (5) in the event of a short-circuit, wherein the switch unit comprises a moveable brake device which is designed such that, in the event of a short-circuit, said moveable brake device dampens the movement of the rebounded moveable contact piece (3) characterized in that the moveable contact piece is guided on a guide element (12), wherein the moveable brake device is configured in the form of a double mass (11) arranged above and below the moveable contact piece (3) and at the two end zones of the guide element (12), wherein the guide element (12) fulfills a dual function; firstly, it acts as a brake device which reduces the speed of the rebounding moveable contact piece (3) in the event of tripping; secondly, the guide element (12) guides the moveable contact piece (3), such that any rotation of the contact piece (3) due to the delivery of a high impulse of motion can be reliably prevented, wherein the moveable contact piece is a switching bridge (3), characterized in that the moveable contact piece comprises an opening, through which the guide element (12) is led, wherein in the event of a current-driven opening of the contact bridge, the switching bridge, in its opening movement against the action of the contact load spring, will initially collide with the mass arranged below, thereby accelerating the latter and reducing its own speed, and wherein the bridge and the double mass are propelled to the limit stops of the housing, which may be different, and rebound from the latter, wherein the housing limit stop of the double mass is further removed from the contact point than that of the contact bridge and wherein, as a result, the bridge will already be on its return trajectory and will collide once more with the still outwardly-moving double mass, namely with the upper mass, thereby giving up a further proportion of its kinetic energy, such that the bridge is further decelerated and wherein the pre-tensioned contact load spring moves both elements back in the direction of contact.
EP14741539.2A 2013-09-16 2014-07-08 Switching unit, in particular circuit breaker Active EP2992543B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14741539.2A EP2992543B1 (en) 2013-09-16 2014-07-08 Switching unit, in particular circuit breaker

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13184489.6A EP2849199A1 (en) 2013-09-16 2013-09-16 Switching unit, in particular circuit breaker
EP14741539.2A EP2992543B1 (en) 2013-09-16 2014-07-08 Switching unit, in particular circuit breaker
PCT/EP2014/064568 WO2015036143A1 (en) 2013-09-16 2014-07-08 Switch unit, in particular a circuit breaker

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EP2992543A1 EP2992543A1 (en) 2016-03-09
EP2992543B1 true EP2992543B1 (en) 2019-04-24

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EP14741539.2A Active EP2992543B1 (en) 2013-09-16 2014-07-08 Switching unit, in particular circuit breaker

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EP (2) EP2849199A1 (en)
CN (1) CN105340045B (en)
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DE102021104812B3 (en) 2021-03-01 2022-02-17 elobau GmbH & Co.KG step stroke button

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US3516090A (en) * 1965-05-21 1970-06-02 Gen Electric Current limiting circuit breaker with independent acting high speed opening means
US4104494A (en) * 1974-11-25 1978-08-01 David Allen Swann Electric switches
DE102006054984A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-29 Abb Ag Installation switching device with a double break
DE102006055007A1 (en) 2006-11-22 2008-05-29 Abb Ag Installation switching device with a double break
DE102007015794B4 (en) 2007-03-30 2009-02-26 Siemens Ag Contact slide unit for a switching unit, in particular a circuit breaker, comprising a contact slide and a contact piece
DE102008016036A1 (en) 2008-03-28 2009-10-01 Abb Ag Installation switching device with a double break
EP2704171A1 (en) 2012-08-29 2014-03-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contact slide unit for a switching unit, in particular for a circuit breaker

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EP2849199A1 (en) 2015-03-18
CN105340045B (en) 2018-06-05
US9947486B2 (en) 2018-04-17
US20160203921A1 (en) 2016-07-14
EP2992543A1 (en) 2016-03-09
CN105340045A (en) 2016-02-17
WO2015036143A1 (en) 2015-03-19

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