EP3273307B1 - Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie - Google Patents

Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3273307B1
EP3273307B1 EP17157065.8A EP17157065A EP3273307B1 EP 3273307 B1 EP3273307 B1 EP 3273307B1 EP 17157065 A EP17157065 A EP 17157065A EP 3273307 B1 EP3273307 B1 EP 3273307B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
copper
pivot
nickel
chemical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17157065.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3273307A1 (fr
Inventor
Alexandre Fussinger
Christian Charbon
Marco Verardo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nivarox Far SA
Original Assignee
Nivarox Far SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP16180226.9A external-priority patent/EP3273304B1/fr
Priority claimed from EP16190278.8A external-priority patent/EP3273306B1/fr
Application filed by Nivarox Far SA filed Critical Nivarox Far SA
Priority to EP17157065.8A priority Critical patent/EP3273307B1/fr
Priority to JP2017138778A priority patent/JP6591498B2/ja
Priority to JP2017138777A priority patent/JP6591497B2/ja
Priority to RU2017125734A priority patent/RU2767960C2/ru
Priority to US15/652,287 priority patent/US11092932B2/en
Priority to CN201710584919.3A priority patent/CN107632508B/zh
Priority to RU2017125759A priority patent/RU2752467C2/ru
Priority to CN202110652156.8A priority patent/CN113296382A/zh
Priority to US15/652,283 priority patent/US11237520B2/en
Priority to CN201710584243.8A priority patent/CN107632507B/zh
Priority to JP2017138776A priority patent/JP6762275B2/ja
Priority to US15/652,288 priority patent/US10761482B2/en
Priority to CN201710584247.6A priority patent/CN107632510B/zh
Publication of EP3273307A1 publication Critical patent/EP3273307A1/fr
Priority to HK18107788.1A priority patent/HK1248327B/zh
Priority to HK18108135.9A priority patent/HK1248836B/zh
Priority to HK18108785.2A priority patent/HK1249200B/zh
Priority to JP2019118335A priority patent/JP2019203899A/ja
Priority to JP2019118340A priority patent/JP2019197061A/ja
Publication of EP3273307B1 publication Critical patent/EP3273307B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G04B13/022—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft with parts made of hard material, e.g. silicon, diamond, sapphire, quartz and the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/16—Barrels; Arbors; Barrel axles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B29/00—Frameworks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a part for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivot axis for a mechanical watch movement and more particularly to a non-magnetic balance shaft, anchor stem and escapement pinion.
  • Pivot shafts such as balance shafts, typically used in mechanical watch movements are made from free-cutting steel grades, which are typically martensitic carbon steels containing lead and manganese sulfides to improve their machinability.
  • This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular of being suitable for turning and presents, after treatments of quenching and tempering, high mechanical properties very interesting for the production of watch pivot axes.
  • These steels have, in particular, a high hardness after heat treatment, allowing very good shock resistance to be obtained.
  • the hardness of the pivots of an axis made of 20 AP steel can reach a hardness exceeding 700 HV after heat treatment and rolling.
  • this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disturb the running of a watch after being subjected to a magnetic field, particularly when this material is used for the production of a balance staff cooperating with a balance spring made of ferromagnetic material. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art. It should also be noted that these martensitic steels are also sensitive to corrosion.
  • austenitic stainless steels which have the particularity of being non-magnetic, i.e. of the paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type.
  • these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure which does not allow them to be hardened and to achieve hardnesses and therefore shock resistances compatible with the requirements for the production of watch pivot axes.
  • the axes obtained then show marks or severe damage in the event of shocks which will then have a negative influence on the chronometry of the movement.
  • One way to increase the hardness of these steels is work hardening, however this hardening operation does not allow hardnesses greater than 500 HV to be obtained. Consequently, in the context of parts requiring pivots with high shock resistance, the use of this type of steel remains limited.
  • pivot pins are made of austenitic cobalt or nickel alloys and have a depth-hardened outer surface.
  • such alloys can be difficult to machine for pivot pin manufacturing.
  • they are relatively expensive due to the high price of nickel and cobalt.
  • EP 1 237 058 describes a clockwork movement comprising a generator with magnetized masses, surrounded by non-magnetic rough parts covered with a non-magnetic coating, such as a nickel and phosphorus alloy, used here for its non-magnetic properties.
  • non-magnetic material means a paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic material, the magnetic permeability of which is less than or equal to 1.01.
  • An alloy of an element is an alloy containing at least 50% by weight of said element.
  • the invention relates to a part for a watch movement and in particular to a non-magnetic pivot axis for a mechanical watch movement.
  • a balance shaft 1 which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters, preferably formed by turning or any other machining technique by chip removal, and conventionally defining bearing surfaces 2a and shoulders 2b arranged between two end portions defining two pivots 3. These pivots are intended to each pivot in a bearing, typically in an orifice of a stone or ruby.
  • the pivot 3 is made of a first non-magnetic metallic material 4 in order to advantageously limit its sensitivity to magnetic fields.
  • the first non-magnetic metallic material 4 is chosen from the group comprising an austenitic type steel, preferably stainless steel, an austenitic type cobalt alloy, an austenitic type nickel alloy, a non-magnetic titanium alloy, a non-magnetic aluminium alloy, a brass (Cu-Zn) or a special brass (Cu-Zn with AI and/or Si and/or Mn), a copper-beryllium, a bronze (Cu-Sn), an aluminium bronze, a copper-aluminium (optionally comprising Ni and/or Fe), a copper-nickel, a nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn), a copper-nickel-tin, a copper-nickel-silicon, a copper-nickel-phosphorus, a copper-titanium, the proportions of the different elements of the alloys being chosen to give them non-magnetic properties as well as good machinability.
  • an austenitic type steel preferably stainless steel, an austenitic type co
  • austenitic steel is an HIS (High Interstitial Steels) austenitic stainless steel, such as Cr-Mn-N P2000 steel from Energytechnik Essen GmbH.
  • the austenitic type cobalt alloy may comprise at least 39% cobalt, typically an alloy known as "Phynox” or the DIN designation K13C20N16Fe15D7 typically having 39% Co, 19% Cr, 15% Ni and 6% Mo, 1.5% Mn, 18% Fe and the balance of additives.
  • the austenitic type nickel alloy may comprise at least 33% nickel typically an alloy known under the designation MP35N ® typically having 35% Ni 20% Cr, 10% Mo, 33% Co and the balance of additives.
  • the titanium alloy preferably comprises at least 85% titanium.
  • Brasses may include the alloys CuZn39Pb3, CuZn37Pb2, or CuZn37.
  • Special brasses may include the alloys CuZn37Mn3Al2PbSi, CuZn23Al3Co or CuZn23Al6Mn4Fe3Pb.
  • Nickel silver can include the alloys CuNi25Zn11Pb1Mn, CuNi7Zn39Pb3Mn2 or CuNi18Zn19Pb1.
  • Bronzes may include CuSn9 or CuSn6 alloys.
  • Aluminum bronzes can include CuAl9 or CuAl9Fe5Ni5 alloys.
  • Copper-nickel alloys may include the CuNi30 alloy.
  • Copper-nickel-tin alloys can include CuNi15Sn8, CuNi9Sn6 or CuNi7.5Sn5 alloys (marketed for example under the name Declafor).
  • Copper-titanium alloys may include the CuTi3Fe alloy.
  • Copper-nickel-silicon alloys may include the CuNi3Si alloy.
  • the first non-magnetic metallic material generally has a hardness of less than 600 HV.
  • At least the external surface of said pivot 3 is covered with a first layer 5 of a second material chosen from the group comprising Ni, NiB and NiP, in order to offer, advantageously, in particular mechanical properties at the level of said external surface making it possible to obtain the desired shock resistance.
  • the phosphorus content may preferably be between 0% (in which case we have pure Ni) and 15%.
  • the phosphorus content in the second NiP material may be an average content of between 6% and 9%, or a high content of between 9% and 12%. It is obvious, however, that the second NiP material may comprise a low content of phosphorus.
  • a heat treatment may be carried out between steps b) and c) and/or after step c).
  • the second material is NiB, or NiP with a medium or high phosphorus content
  • the first layer of the second NiB or NiP material may be advantageously hardened by heat treatment.
  • the first layer of the second material has a hardness preferably greater than 400 HV, more preferably greater than 500 HV.
  • the first layer of the second unhardened Ni or NiP material has a hardness preferably greater than 500 HV, but less than 600 HV, i.e. preferably between 500 HV and 550 HV.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention has excellent shock resistance although the layer of the second material may have a lower hardness (HV) than that of the first material.
  • the first layer of the second NiP material can have a hardness between 900 HV and 1000 HV.
  • the first layer of the second unhardened NiB material has a hardness preferably greater than 500 HV, and may have a hardness greater than 1000 HV when hardened by heat treatment.
  • the first layer of the second material may have a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m.
  • the first layer of the second material is a layer of NiP, and more particularly a layer of chemical NiP, i.e. deposited chemically.
  • the first layer 5 of the second material is at least partially covered with a second layer 6 of a third material chosen from the group comprising gold, silver, copper, used in pure form or in alloy form.
  • Said second layer 6 is of a thickness less than that of the first layer 5.
  • the second layer 6 of the third material may have a thickness of between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the third material is 24-carat gold, with possible traces of other elements.
  • 99.7-99.8% gold and 0.02-0.03% Ni or Co are used.
  • the outer surface of the pivot is hardened, i.e. the rest of the shaft can remain little or not modified without significant modification of the mechanical properties of the balance staff 1.
  • This selective hardening of the pivots 3 of the balance staff 1 makes it possible to combine advantages such as low sensitivity to magnetic fields and mechanical properties making it possible to obtain very good shock resistance in the main stress zones.
  • the second layer of the third material constitutes the outer layer of the pivot of the invention, and forms a protective layer. More particularly, the second layer of the third material makes it possible to make the surface of the pivot of the invention chemically inert and to limit the degradation of the first layer of the second material by the action of friction with stones and/or by chemical reaction with the lubricant used.
  • the pivot axis may comprise at least one adhesion sub-layer deposited between the first material and the first layer of the second material.
  • a gold sub-layer and/or a galvanic nickel sub-layer may be provided under the first layer of the second material.
  • the first layer 5 of the second material is deposited according to step b) to have a thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m.
  • step b) of depositing the first layer 5 of the second material can be carried out according to a method chosen from the group comprising PVD, CVD, ALD, galvanic and chemical deposits, and preferably chemical.
  • the second material is NiP and the step of depositing the NiP layer 5 is carried out according to a method of chemical nickel deposition from hypophosphite.
  • the second material is NiB and the step of depositing the layer 5 of NiB is carried out according to a method of depositing chemical nickel from boron compounds.
  • the second layer 6 of the third material is deposited on the first layer 5 to have a thickness of between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • step c) of depositing the second layer 6 of the third material is carried out according to a method chosen from the group comprising PVD (sputtering, evaporation or other), CVD, and galvanic deposition.
  • the third material is gold and the step of depositing the gold layer 6 is carried out by galvanic means.
  • the method according to the invention may further comprise, between steps b) and c) and/or after the deposition step c), a heat treatment step d).
  • a heat treatment step d makes it possible to obtain a first layer 5 of the second material having a hardness preferably between 900 HV and 1000 HV.
  • the heat treatment step d) is carried out after step c).
  • a heat treatment step of the first material may also be provided before step a) or step b).
  • the electroless nickel deposition process is particularly advantageous in that it allows for a conformal deposit to be obtained without any tip effect. It is thus possible to predict the dimension of the machined pivot axis to obtain the desired geometry after covering with the layer of the second material.
  • the electroless nickel deposition process also has the advantage of being able to be applied in bulk.
  • the method according to the invention may further comprise, before the deposition step b), a step e) of applying at least one adhesion sub-layer to the first material.
  • a step e) of applying at least one adhesion sub-layer to the first material for example, in the case in particular of a pivot axis made of HIS stainless steel type material, it is possible to apply a gold sub-layer and/or a galvanic nickel sub-layer before the chemical deposition of nickel.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention may comprise pivots treated according to the invention by applying steps b) and c) to the pivots only, the second layer 6 of the third material partially or completely coating the pivot by applying step c) on part or all of the surface of the pivot.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention can also be made entirely of a first non-magnetic metallic material, its surface external being able to be entirely covered with a first layer of the second material by applying step b) on all the surfaces of the pivot axis, then said first layer of the second material being then partially or entirely covered with a second layer of a third material chosen from the group comprising gold, silver, copper, platinum, rhodium, palladium and their alloys, by applying step c) on part or all of the surfaces of the pivot axis.
  • the pivots 3 may be rolled or polished before or after the deposition step b), in order to achieve the desired final dimensions and surface condition for the pivots 3.
  • the pivot axis according to the invention combines the advantages of low sensitivity to magnetic fields, and at least in the main stress zones, excellent shock resistance. As a result, the pivot axis according to the invention does not exhibit, in the event of an impact, any marks or severe damage likely to impair the chronometry of the movement.
  • axles according to the invention have better mechanical resistance, better tribological properties, but also better chemical resistance to the lubricants traditionally used for axle lubrication.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
EP17157065.8A 2016-07-19 2017-02-21 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie Active EP3273307B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17157065.8A EP3273307B1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2017-02-21 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie
CN201710584247.6A CN107632510B (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
CN201710584243.8A CN107632507B (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
JP2017138777A JP6591497B2 (ja) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
RU2017125734A RU2767960C2 (ru) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Компонент для часового механизма
US15/652,287 US11092932B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Component for a timepiece movement
CN201710584919.3A CN107632508B (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
RU2017125759A RU2752467C2 (ru) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Компонент для часового механизма
CN202110652156.8A CN113296382A (zh) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 用于钟表机芯的构件
US15/652,283 US11237520B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Component for a timepiece movement
JP2017138778A JP6591498B2 (ja) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
JP2017138776A JP6762275B2 (ja) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
US15/652,288 US10761482B2 (en) 2016-07-19 2017-07-18 Component for a timepiece movement
HK18107788.1A HK1248327B (zh) 2016-07-19 2018-06-15 用於钟表机芯的构件
HK18108135.9A HK1248836B (zh) 2016-07-19 2018-06-25 用於钟表机芯的构件
HK18108785.2A HK1249200B (zh) 2016-07-19 2018-07-06 用於钟表机芯的构件
JP2019118335A JP2019203899A (ja) 2016-07-19 2019-06-26 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント
JP2019118340A JP2019197061A (ja) 2016-07-19 2019-06-26 時計ムーブメント用コンポーネント

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16180226.9A EP3273304B1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2016-07-19 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie
EP16190278.8A EP3273306B1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2016-09-23 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie
EP17157065.8A EP3273307B1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2017-02-21 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3273307A1 EP3273307A1 (fr) 2018-01-24
EP3273307B1 true EP3273307B1 (fr) 2025-04-30

Family

ID=81766831

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17157065.8A Active EP3273307B1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2017-02-21 Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US11237520B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3273307B1 (enExample)
JP (5) JP6591497B2 (enExample)
CN (1) CN113296382A (enExample)
RU (1) RU2767960C2 (enExample)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3339968B1 (fr) * 2016-12-20 2025-07-02 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie
EP3594756B1 (fr) * 2018-07-10 2021-05-12 Blancpain SA Composant d'horlogerie avec partie arbrée en alliage amagnétique
EP3800511B1 (fr) * 2019-10-02 2022-05-18 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Axe de pivotement d'un organe réglant
EP3885842B1 (fr) * 2020-03-26 2024-03-20 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Composant horloger amagnétique avec résistance à l'usure améliorée
EP3968097B1 (fr) * 2020-09-09 2025-03-26 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Ensemble horloger et son procédé de fabrication
EP3968096A1 (fr) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-16 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Composant de micromécanique, notamment un mobile d horlogerie, notamment un mobile d' échappement, avec surface de contact optimisée
EP3968095A1 (fr) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-16 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Procédé de fabrication d'un composant de micromécanique, notamment d'un mobile d'horlogerie, avec surface de contact optimisee
EP4033307A1 (fr) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-27 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Ensemble comprenant un mobile tournant en matériau amagnétique et un coussinet muni d'un cône
TWI866675B (zh) * 2022-12-23 2024-12-11 瑞士商尼瓦克斯 法爾公司 用於時計機芯的擺輪

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HK1249200A1 (zh) 2018-10-26
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JP6591497B2 (ja) 2019-10-16
CN113296382A (zh) 2021-08-24
US20180024502A1 (en) 2018-01-25
JP2019203899A (ja) 2019-11-28
JP6591498B2 (ja) 2019-10-16
JP2018013482A (ja) 2018-01-25
US20180024501A1 (en) 2018-01-25
EP3273307A1 (fr) 2018-01-24
RU2017125734A (ru) 2019-01-21
JP2018013484A (ja) 2018-01-25
JP2018013483A (ja) 2018-01-25
US11092932B2 (en) 2021-08-17
RU2017125734A3 (enExample) 2020-11-12
US11237520B2 (en) 2022-02-01
JP6762275B2 (ja) 2020-09-30
RU2767960C2 (ru) 2022-03-22
JP2019197061A (ja) 2019-11-14

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