EP3259377A1 - Procédé de chauffage par conduction d'une tôle, électrode et dispositif de chauffage pour ledit procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de chauffage par conduction d'une tôle, électrode et dispositif de chauffage pour ledit procédé

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Publication number
EP3259377A1
EP3259377A1 EP15787138.5A EP15787138A EP3259377A1 EP 3259377 A1 EP3259377 A1 EP 3259377A1 EP 15787138 A EP15787138 A EP 15787138A EP 3259377 A1 EP3259377 A1 EP 3259377A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
sheet
contact
conductive heating
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15787138.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3259377B1 (fr
Inventor
Sven HÜBNER
Bernd-Arno Behrens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Original Assignee
Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2015/053382 external-priority patent/WO2015124604A1/fr
Application filed by Leibniz Universitaet Hannover filed Critical Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
Publication of EP3259377A1 publication Critical patent/EP3259377A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3259377B1 publication Critical patent/EP3259377B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0004—Devices wherein the heating current flows through the material to be heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for conductive heating of a sheet, wherein the sheet or at least one conductively heated portion of the sheet has an outer contour which is rectangular or not rechteckformig, wherein for performing the conductive heating at least one electrode having a contact region in electrical contact is brought to the sheet and fed via the contact area of the electric current to carry out the conductive heating in the sheet and / or is derived from the sheet.
  • the invention also relates to an electrode for conductive heating of a sheet and to a conductive heating device for carrying out a method for conductive heating of a sheet.
  • the invention relates to the field of metalworking, in particular the production of parts made of sheet metal, such as. B. vehicle body panels.
  • the production of such sheet metal parts is z. B. on production lines, such. B. extrusion lines.
  • Such production lines usually have forming facilities and Be4.000 Roaden and optionally facilities for performing other methods, such. B. shape property changes, coating, press hardening, etc., which are connected in terms of process technology.
  • components made of high-strength, ultra-high strength or ultra-high-strength material should be produced.
  • a sheet In press hardening, a sheet is heated to a temperature of about 930 ° C and cooled during molding.
  • a martensitic structure By targeted cooling (hardening) during press hardening via cooled pressing tools, a martensitic structure can be created that leads to the desired material properties, eg. B. to a tensile strength of more than 1 500 MPa strains in the range of> 5%.
  • a disadvantage of such heating processes are the relatively long heating times, which in the conventional heating z. B. occur in roller hearth furnaces. As a result of the long heating times, a scale formation on the material (burnup of material), which is also disadvantageous. In order to counteract this, coatings are applied to the component surfaces in accordance with the prior art, which diffuse into the component during oven heating.
  • An alternative to conventional, relatively long-lasting heating is the heating of a sheet by a conductive heating process.
  • the sheet is heated by applying an electric current through the resulting current heat.
  • a typical heating process can be carried out in less than 10 seconds, which has the advantage that only very thin scale layers can form in the short time, which in turn has the advantage that no anti-scale coatings are required and the Tool wear is reduced.
  • a conductive heating process of metal sheets is e.g. As described in DE 1 0 2006 037 637 A1.
  • Hotspots are points of contact that arise during conductive heating with excessive heating compared to the environment. Physically, the prerequisite for homogeneous heating in a conductive heating process is the generation of approximately identical current densities within the entire sheet metal profile. Especially at the feed-in points or the current discharge points, ie. Where the electrodes are in contact with the sheet, this is difficult to realize.
  • Another problem of previous conductive heating processes is also that in the edge regions of the sheets, where the electrodes are brought into contact with the sheet, not the desired heating (austenitization) and the associated hardening of the sheet material can be achieved. Accordingly, the edge regions are not usable for the final component to be used or must be tolerated in an insufficiently hardened form. Accordingly, an additional manufacturing step is required to remove the edge areas, eg by laser cutting. Especially for small sheet metal parts, this leads to a relative unfavorable material utilization, since the proportion of the blend is relatively high.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method, an electrode and a heating device for conductive heating of a sheet, with which the mentioned problems can be solved.
  • a method for conductive heating of a sheet wherein the sheet or at least one conductively heated region of the sheet has an outer contour which is rectangular or non-rectangular, wherein at least one electrode to carry out the conductive heating a contact region is brought into electrical contact with the sheet and fed via the contact region of the electric current for performing the conductive heating in the sheet and / or is derived from the sheet, the electrode having an uneven, structured contact area with a plurality of spaced contact surfaces , is formed by a plurality of individual, spaced-apart contact points between the electrode and the sheet.
  • a square sheet is considered in the context of the invention as a special case of a rectangular sheet.
  • the invention has the advantage that by means of the electrode according to the invention, a relatively steep thermal gradient in the contact region between the electrode and the sheet can be produced, with the advantageous effect that the desired heat treatment of the sheet takes place in the region of the electrode. Especially for smaller components, the waste can be significantly reduced. In addition, can be dispensed with in many cases to an additional manufacturing step for separating the edge region of the sheet become.
  • the sheet remains cold in the contact area of the cooled electrode.
  • an area of influence of the electrode forms, which is insufficiently heated.
  • no complete austenitization and subsequent hardening can take place.
  • the physical reason is firstly the thermal cooling effect of the electrodes.
  • the resistance in the sheet generally increases with increasing heating. If the edge area of the sheet is cold, the resistance does not increase so much here.
  • the edge area of the sheet is in series with the rest of the sheet. For larger resistors more voltage drops and it is also more power implemented with the result of further heating. This creates an avalanche effect, which is detrimental to the heating of the sheet metal edge, ie the electrode influence area.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the previous disadvantageous hotspots are not avoided, but are deliberately and specifically used by being generated homogeneously in the areas where there is normally insufficient heating, namely in the area of influence of the electrodes.
  • an electrode for conductively heating a metal sheet having a contact surface for making electrical contact with the metal sheet, the electrode having an uneven, structured contact region with a multiplicity of spaced contact surfaces through which a plurality of individual, spaced apart contact points between the electrode and the sheet can be formed
  • a conductive heating device for carrying out a method for conductive heating of a metal sheet, wherein the conductive heating device has at least one electrode of the previously described type as current supply electrode, current discharge electrode and / or transfer electrode.
  • the electrode according to the invention with the uneven, structured contact region can be used as a current supply electrode, current discharge electrode and / or transfer electrode.
  • a current supply electrode serves to supply current, ie to feed, electrical current into the metal sheet for carrying out the conductive heating.
  • a Stromableitungselektrode serves to dissipate the electric current from the sheet.
  • a transfer electrode serves to transfer the electrical current from one metal sheet to another metal sheet, if these are heated in pairs, for example, in the case of trapezoidal surface sections.
  • transition electrodes can be used on a metal sheet in order to rich not to warm.
  • the invention further makes it possible to provide a method for conductive heating of a sheet, wherein the sheet or at least one conductively to be heated portion of the sheet has an outer contour, which is not rectangular, yet a uniform heating of the area to be heated can be achieved .
  • the sheet is called in the terminology of the expert also board and the non-rectangular board blank is called form board.
  • a suitable for this purpose conductive heating device should be specified.
  • a method for conductively heating a sheet wherein the sheet or at least one portion of the sheet to be conductively heated has an outer contour that is not rectangular, creating an outer contour matched arrangement of power supply and current dissipation electrodes, which are arranged piecewise separated from each other along the outer contour and are connected to electrically isolated electrical energy sources which are dimensioned such that substantially equal current densities are generated in the sheet between all pairs of associated power supply and current discharge electrodes.
  • the invention has the advantage that a tailored to the outer contour of the sheet or the area to be heated sheet metal arrangement of power supply and current dissipation electrodes is provided, which are arranged piecewise separated along the outer contour and are acted upon by electrically separate electrical energy sources , So z. B.
  • the outer contour of the area to be heated in individual turn rectangular surface sections or at least substantially rectangular surface sections are divided and for each surface section a be created adapted power supply and current dissipation electrode, which is applied to exactly this area with the desired current density.
  • a further pair of power supply and current discharge electrodes can be arranged and applied via a second electrical energy source with a matched voltage or a matched current, so that the same current density is generated as in the adjacent, before specified area section. In this way, the entire area to be heated can be subdivided into substantially rectangular area sections, and the same current density can be generated in each area section.
  • the conductive heating process With its advantages can thus be made universally usable for any shaped metal sheets.
  • the sheet can be regarded as a resistor in which the current supplied via the electrodes flows.
  • sheets can be made scaled to the desired temperature. This reduces the effort required to ignite tion of the components and the tool wear during subsequent press hardening of the heated sheets is reduced, since the scale here abrasive grinding on the tool surface acts.
  • the heating process can be performed in a period of 10 seconds or less. The heating time can be determined by the size of the power supply. Basically, the more current is passed through the sheet, the faster the heating can be performed.
  • a sheet is every sheet of electrically conductive metal in question, such. B. steel, titanium, aluminum and magnesium sheets.
  • the sheet has, in an advantageous development of the invention, a constant material thickness, at least before it is further processed after the conductive heating process and optionally deformed.
  • a current supply electrode serves to introduce electrical current from the electrical energy source into the metal sheet.
  • a current dissipation electrode serves to drain the current from the sheet back to the source of electrical energy.
  • the electrical energy sources are dimensioned such that the same current densities are introduced from the power supply electrodes in the sheet over all pairs of associated power supply and Stromableitungselektroden and derived from the sheet via the Stromableitungselektroden.
  • the number of current supply electrodes used may be equal to or different from the number of current discharge electrodes used. With the same number, it is advantageous if in each case one current supply electrode and one current discharge electrode form a pair of such electrodes, which are each connected to the same electrical energy source. It is also possible, for. B. two Stromzulei- electrically connect to each other or electrically connect two Stromableitungselektroden each other. The non-interconnected electrodes are then connected to different electrical energy sources with different voltage, so that in turn equal current densities can be generated in adjacent surface areas in the sheet.
  • the electrically separated electrical energy sources must be electrically separated from each other at least at one of their terminals.
  • the plurality of energy sources are not connected to each other and not grounded.
  • the potential of the adjacent energy sources "floats" at the contact line, similar to a plurality of simultaneously operated spot welds on a vehicle body.
  • the "swim" is a well-known term from the resistance welding technique.
  • the area to be conductively heated can be divided into substantially rectangular area sections.
  • the region to be heated conductively can also be divided into trapezoidal surface sections or substantially trapezoidal surface sections.
  • a combination is also advantageous, ie a division of the area to be heated conductively into rectangular and / or trapezoidal regions. pezförmige surface sections.
  • a pair of sheets is electrically interconnected by a plurality of electrically mutually insulated, side by side along a transition region from one to the other sheet in their respective trapezoidal surface portions arranged transfer electrodes.
  • the two trapezoidal surface sections connected by means of the transition electrodes are again provided with an overall rectangular surface section, to which at least one current supply electrode can be connected on one side and at least one current discharge electrode on the other side.
  • at least one current supply electrode can be connected on one side and at least one current discharge electrode on the other side.
  • trapezoidal surface portions of the same sheet can be electrically connected to each other in pairs via the transfer electrodes to electrically behave then like a rectangular surface section.
  • the trapezoidal surface portions are suitable to divide, in particular with equal angles bevelled sides.
  • one, several or all current supply and current discharge electrodes are each formed as elongated electrodes extending with their largest dimension over a portion of the outer contour of the conductive region to be heated, each of which is connected to an electrical lead only at one end are connected to the electrical energy source.
  • a pair of current supply and current discharge electrodes are connected at diagonally opposite ends to the electrical energy source.
  • the cooling of the electrodes has the advantage that they do not heat undesirable and a heating-related change in resistance of the electrodes is avoided.
  • a further advantage is that the adjacent sheet is cooled by the cooled electrodes, so that by appropriate arrangement of the electrodes to desired, not to be heated areas of the sheet heating and a concomitant hardening can be avoided. This in turn has the advantage that by the location and arrangement of the electrodes z. B.
  • Intersections in the subsequent further processing of the component i. of the sheet after forming, can be defined, which are not hardened.
  • edge trimming can be done with conventional tools, eg. B. by the very economical applicable shear cutting. A more elaborate Hartbesch is not required. Also for joining the component in later
  • Curing can be done by a subsequent press hardening process.
  • the conductive heating is carried out by means of direct current.
  • This has the advantage compared to alternating current that electrical losses and other adverse effects can be excluded by existing inductors and capacitances in the system. It also generates no reactive power.
  • the existing electrical power can be used completely in the form of active power. By eliminating inductive losses line cross sections and electrical energy sources, eg. As transformers are smaller. In addition, energy is saved.
  • the electrical energy sources can, for. B. three-phase can be supplied from the three-phase network. Also, the calculation and design of the entire system, in particular the electrodes and their arrangement is simplified, because you can work with the simpler, applicable to direct current electrical engineering laws.
  • the conductive heating device can be realized comparatively easily and inexpensively.
  • one, several or all current supply, Stromableitungs- and / or transfer electrodes are moved away from each other during the conductive heating process in order to stretch the sheet.
  • a heating-related expansion of the heated area of the sheet during the heating process can be compensated.
  • a parallel conductor is connected to this electrode for supplying current to a current supply electrode, for transmitting current from or to a transfer electrode and / or for current discharge from a current discharge electrode, which runs parallel to the flow lines flowing therein over part of the sheet to be heated is conducted electrically isolated over the sheet metal against the sheet.
  • the parallel conductor may in particular be guided on an edge region of a rectangular or trapezoidal surface section to be heated. This has the advantage that by appropriate arrangement of such a parallel conductor certain areas of the sheet can be excluded from heating and at the same time the streamlines can be performed in a direction adjacent to the parallel conductor to be heated surface portion in the desired direction.
  • an undesired current flow through the not to be warming area of the sheet can be avoided by StromverdrDeutschungs monoe (repulsion of parallel current-carrying conductors).
  • the field lines are also repelled.
  • tailored tempered blanks are made, ie sheets that are cured only in certain desired areas and remain uncured in other areas. This is z. B. desired in vehicle body parts for generating a certain deformation behavior in the event of a crash.
  • the parallel conductor must be electrically isolated, but not necessarily thermally. In this way, the parallel conductor can cause a desired cooling of the sheet.
  • one, several or all parallel conductors are designed as conductors cooled with a cooling medium.
  • the invention further relates to a conductive heating device for carrying out a method for conductive heating of a sheet, wherein the sheet or at least one region of the sheet to be conductively heated has an outer contour which is not rectangular, wherein the conductive heating means to the outer contour adapted arrangement of power supply and current dissipation electrodes, which are arranged piecewise separated from each other along the outer contour and are connected or connectable via separate electrical leads to each other with electrically separate electrical energy sources, wherein the electrical energy sources are dimensioned such that between all pairs of mutually associated Stromzu eins- and Stromableitungselektroden same current densities are generated in the sheet.
  • the conductive heating device is set up to carry out a method of the type described above.
  • the electrical energy sources may be formed as DC sources.
  • the conductive heating device has a stretching device which is set up for stretching the metal sheet at least in the conductively heated region during the heating process.
  • the stretching device may in particular be adapted to move certain current supply, current dissipation and / or transfer electrodes away from one another during the conductive heating process.
  • the electrode arrangement of the conductive heating device has transfer electrodes for current transfer between two sheets simultaneously heated in the conductive heating device.
  • a method of conductively heating a sheet e.g. Example, be arranged such that the sheet to be heated is placed in the conductive heating device, then electrodes of the conductive heating device are pressed onto the sheet and then the electrical current flow through the sheet is switched via the electrodes to perform the conductive heating, and after sufficient heating the electrodes are removed from the sheet again, it being advantageous to first turn off the flow of current.
  • the sheet can then be further processed in the heated state, for. B. be brought by pressing in a desired shape.
  • an electrical energy source z. B. have a welding rectifier. In this way, the required direct current in the desired height of several thousand amps can be provided in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • the current supply, Stromableitungs- and / or transfer electrodes can, for. B. made of copper or alloyed copper, z. B. CuCoBe or CuBe2. Especially with the latter alloys, very hard, robust electrodes can be provided.
  • the mentioned parallel conductors can be made of the same material or another material. For the electrical insulation of the parallel conductors, these z. B. have on the surface of a plasma-sprayed ceramic layer.
  • the conductive heating process can be carried out heat-encapsulated according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • the sheets are characterized by an external heat encapsulation, for. B. a thermal insulation of the conductive heating device, thermally shielded from the environment.
  • B. a thermal insulation of the conductive heating device, thermally shielded from the environment.
  • Show it 1 shows a sheet blank for the production of a B-pillar of a motor vehicle
  • FIG 2 shows two sheet-metal blanks according to Figure 1 and
  • Figure 5 shows the arrangement of a parallel conductor on a sheet in
  • FIG. 6 shows another conductive heating device and the two sheet-metal blanks according to Figure 2 and
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of an electrode in perspective
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of a metal sheet 1 cut into a specific shape, which, for. B. is cut out of a steel coil. It is a shell component for a B-pillar of a motor vehicle before forming in a press.
  • the metal sheet 1 is first subdivided into substantially rectangular surface sections 2, 4 and a substantially trapezoidal surface section 3.
  • electrodes of an electrode arrangement of a conductive heating device are made tailor-made, which are then connected to the sheet 1 for carrying out the conductive heating process.
  • the area section 3 in an advantageous embodiment of the invention two sheets 1 are simultaneously heated in the conductive heating device.
  • the two sheets 1 are first arranged as shown in Figure 2 and created the required electrodes accordingly.
  • FIG. 3 shows the metal sheets 1 shown in FIG. 2, which are arranged somewhat closer to each other according to FIG. 3, in a conductive heating device 10.
  • the conductive heating device 10 has the aforementioned custom-made electrode arrangement, the current supply electrodes 11, 12, 13 , 14, 15, current discharge electrodes 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and transfer electrodes 31 has.
  • At the rectangular surface portions 2, 4 of the sheets respective pairs of each of a power supply electrode and a Stromableitungselektrode, as shown in Figure 3, connected and each with its own electrical energy source 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, z.
  • the current flow between the respective electrodes is represented by the arrows shown on the respective sheet 1, which represent streamlines.
  • a current supply electrode 12 and to the plate 1 shown on the left a Stromableitungselektrode 19 is connected to the plate 1 shown on the right.
  • the trapezoidal surface sections 3 are interconnected in the middle between the metal sheets 1 with a plurality of transfer electrodes 31. prevented.
  • the transfer electrodes 31 are electrically isolated from each other, e.g. B. by being arranged as metal blocks with a certain distance from each other. In this way, a uniform electrical rectangular area between the electrodes 12, 19 is created from the two trapezoidal surface portions 3.
  • the transfer electrodes 31 may, for. B. at a width of 20 mm at a distance of 5 mm from each other. In order to ensure a uniform spacing of the transfer electrodes from each other, they can, for. B. be mounted on an insulating plate and pressed as a one-piece transfer electrode assembly on the sheets 1. In an industrial implementation, e.g. all electrodes are mounted on a large base plate, with installation e.g. in a hydraulic press.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further conductive heating device 10, which is designed not to heat the respective surface sections 4 of the metal sheets 1.
  • the electrodes 14 and 17 are not connected directly to their respective electrical energy source 22 and 25, but over along the direction of current flow in the respective sheet guided parallel conductor 26, 27 by the parallel conductors 26, 27 can continue a parallel course of the streamlines in the adjacent surface portions 3 are ensured to the transfer electrodes 31, which would not be ensured without the parallel electrodes 26, 27.
  • the parallel electrodes 26, 27 are cooled, which has the further advantage that the cooling also on the Sheet 1 transmits and thus undesirable heat transfer from the heated surface portions of the sheet can be prevented in the non-heated surface portions 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a cooled electrode on the basis of the parallel conductor 27.
  • a bore 28 which forms a cooling channel.
  • the cooling channel can coolant, z.
  • the electrode is designed as a parallel conductor 26, 27, this is formed insulated on the outer surface, d. H.
  • the electrical contact with the sheet 1 is necessary.
  • FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, a pairwise arrangement with two parallel conductors 27 above and below the metal sheet 1.
  • the arranged below the plate 1 parallel conductor 27 is supported on a counter-bearing 32 against a contact force F, which is exerted on the arranged above the sheet 1 parallel conductor 27.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a conductive heating device 10 which, except for the differences explained below, corresponds to the device 10 according to FIG.
  • the area areas of the metal sheets 1 which are not to be heated are still slightly larger than those of FIG. 4 and, in addition to the area portions 4, still encompass edge regions of the surface portions 3 adjoining the same.
  • the conductive heating device has the same shape as the parallel conductors 26, 27 and the transfer electrodes 21 adapted by these are not formed as linearly extending electrodes, but accordingly the desired, to be heated surface areas are angled. Accordingly, the current supply electrode 12 and the current discharge electrode 19 are somewhat shortened in comparison with FIG.
  • the sheets 1 can also be arranged differently than previously shown in Figures 2 to 6, for. B. as indicated in the figure 7.
  • the rectangular surface sections 2 and 4 are connected as described above with the current supply electrodes and the current-carrying electrodes and the associated electrical energy sources.
  • trapezoidal surface portions 3 results in comparison to the embodiments described above, the difference that to maintain the same current densities and thus the same heating behavior for connecting the surface portions 3 between the sheets 1 not juxtaposed transfer electrodes are provided, but as shown arranged crosswise Transfer electrodes 31, so that by the transfer electrodes 31 results in a spider-like construction.
  • the transfer electrodes 31 are still electrically isolated from each other, z. B. by the electrodes are passed past each other in different height levels or are designed as electrically insulated cable.
  • homogeneous resistance ratios can be realized analogous to rectangular sheets.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is the saving of two energy sources, since the rectangular surface sections 2, 4 of the board can be connected as a series circuit to a power source.
  • the surface portions 2 are connected in series with the power source 22.
  • the electrodes 14, 16 can be connected together or combined to form an electrode.
  • the surface sections 4 are in series connected to the power source 24.
  • the electrodes 15, 17 can be connected together or combined to form an electrode.
  • connection points of the connection lines of the energy sources to the electrodes are as far apart as possible and the current discharge points as possible further apart.
  • FIG. 8 shows an advantageous embodiment of an electrode 80 which can be used as a current supply, current discharge and / or transfer electrode.
  • the electrode 80 in turn has a bore 28 which forms a cooling channel.
  • the side of the electrode 80 pointing upwards in the illustration according to FIG. 8, which has the contact region 83 of the electrode 80 to the metal sheet, is formed uneven with a specific structure.
  • the uneven, structured contact area 83 thus formed has a multiplicity of elevations on which respective contact surfaces 81 are formed at the top, which are used for the actual electrical contacting of the metal sheet 1, i. between these contact surfaces 81 and the sheet 1, the plurality of individual, spaced-apart contact points with the electrode 80 is formed. Between the individual elevations or their contact surfaces 81, intermediate spaces 82 are formed, which in particular may have a groove-like shape.
  • a comb-like structure is created by 81 grooves 82 are formed between the elevations with the contact surfaces.
  • targeted isolated hotspots can be avoided, ie places where there is an above-average warming of the sheet.
  • the contact region 83 of the electrode is the region which is brought into direct electrical contact with the metal sheet.
  • the uneven structured contact area of the electrode may be e.g. by providing a plurality of angled, e.g. perpendicular, electrode edges are realized, as shown in Figure 8. Instead of the illustrated linear pattern, the uneven structured contact area may also be formed by punctiform elevations on the surface.
  • the surface structure of the contact area may be a regular or irregular structure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de chauffage par conduction d'une tôle, la tôle ou au moins une zone à réchauffer par conduction de la tôle présentant un contour extérieur, qui est rectangulaire ou qui n'est pas rectangulaire. Pour réaliser le chauffage par conduction, au moins une électrode est amenée par une zone de contact en contact électrique avec la tôle et le courant électrique est introduit dans la tôle et/ou évacué de la tôle par l'intermédiaire de la zone de contact pour réaliser le chauffage par conduction, l'électrode présentant une zone de contact structurée inégale pourvue d'une pluralité de surfaces de contact espacées les unes des autres, par lesquelles une pluralité de points de contact individuels, espacés les uns des autres, sont formés entre l'électrode et la tôle. L'invention concerne en outre une électrode permettant le chauffage par conduction d'une tôle ainsi qu'un dispositif de chauffage par conduction destiné à réaliser un procédé de chauffage par conduction d'une tôle.
EP15787138.5A 2015-02-18 2015-08-14 Procédé de chauffage d'une tôle par conduction et dispositif de chauffage pour ledit procédé Active EP3259377B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2015/053382 WO2015124604A1 (fr) 2014-02-18 2015-02-18 Procédé de chauffage par conduction d'une tôle et dispositif de chauffage correspondant
PCT/EP2015/068773 WO2016131501A1 (fr) 2015-02-18 2015-08-14 Procédé de chauffage par conduction d'une tôle, électrode et dispositif de chauffage pour ledit procédé

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EP3259377A1 true EP3259377A1 (fr) 2017-12-27
EP3259377B1 EP3259377B1 (fr) 2019-09-25

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DE102006037637A1 (de) 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Müller Weingarten AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum konduktiven Erwärmen von Metallblechen
US9951397B2 (en) * 2007-05-09 2018-04-24 The Penn State Research Foundation Apparatus for electrical-assisted incremental forming and process thereof
JP5556061B2 (ja) * 2009-06-02 2014-07-23 東洋製罐株式会社 高周波誘電加熱溶着装置及び高周波誘電加熱溶着方法
EP2489747B1 (fr) * 2009-10-16 2017-03-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé et dispositif de chauffage direct par résistance

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