EP3253935B1 - Reentrant device - Google Patents

Reentrant device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3253935B1
EP3253935B1 EP16702363.9A EP16702363A EP3253935B1 EP 3253935 B1 EP3253935 B1 EP 3253935B1 EP 16702363 A EP16702363 A EP 16702363A EP 3253935 B1 EP3253935 B1 EP 3253935B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
bag
concrete
chamber
formwork
pressure
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EP16702363.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3253935A1 (en
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Eric Bertrand
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
    • E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
    • E04G15/063—Re-usable forms
    • E04G15/066—Re-usable forms with fluid means to modify the section

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a recess device for formwork for forming a recess in a concrete structural element. It therefore relates more particularly to the construction of concrete or reinforced concrete structures in the field of building and public works.
  • the invention also relates to a reservation assembly comprising a plurality of such devices as well as a method of producing a concrete wall using the reservation device or a reservation assembly.
  • a reservation device is intended to form a reservation across the entire width of the concrete wall. For this, we currently use dummies attached to the metal formwork by magnets.
  • prefabricated and reusable dummies are used, fixed to the metal panels of the formwork, in particular by magnetic shoes.
  • reservation elements are used, which are most often made directly on the site from wood or polystyrene. These are reservation elements which have the major drawback of not being reusable, which monopolize labor on the site and which give relatively coarse reservations which may require patching or repairs. In addition, when they are made of wood, stripping is difficult due to the swelling of the wood during concreting.
  • Currently to create the mold or reserve it is necessary to involve a woodworker who will make a wooden frame corresponding to the desired opening and forming the reservation. The intervention of this trade lasts about 30 minutes for the realization as well as for the implementation between the formwork. For the removal the person in charge needs about 15 minutes. His intervention is also to be programmed in the production chain. In addition, during the implementation of the concrete in the formwork, the concrete exerted pressure on the reservation.
  • the reservation is therefore in a buttressed position and is damaged during removal.
  • the document EP 1 496 172 describes such formwork elements for forming a small dimension reservation across the entire width of a concrete structure comprising a plastic material reservation box having a support face equipped with magnetic means for its attachment to a metal formwork of the formwork.
  • the reservation element comprises a striking piece, opposite the bearing face of the reservation box, the mechanical resistance to impact of which under the action of a hammer and/or the removable character of which allows the element reservation to withstand at least forty stripping operations.
  • blows can damage the basic structure as well as the reservation box itself.
  • the set may be difficult to reuse.
  • the document US 5,608,991 describes a reservation device for the formwork of a concrete structure fixed to at least one of the two metal formwork panels of the formwork, consisting of a flexible and inflatable pocket, provided with at least one valve.
  • the pressure is constant and independent of the pressures exerted by the projection of the concrete and the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the pocket.
  • At least the part in contact with the concrete of the flexible part can be covered by a flexible cover sheet.
  • This object and others are achieved by a reservation device according to claim 1 and a method of producing a concrete wall according to claim 11.
  • the invention therefore consists in a known manner of a reservation device for formwork of a concrete structure equipped with magnetic means for its attachment to at least one of the two metal formwork panels of the formwork.
  • the device according to the invention further consists of a flexible and inflatable pocket, provided with at least one valve so as to be able to inflate it with a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure sufficient to resist the impact due to the projection of the concrete on one of the faces of the pocket during the filling of the formwork and at sufficient pressure to resist the force due to the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the pocket.
  • the reservation device is reusable because during each use it is only inflated during formwork and deflated during stripping.
  • the reservation is neat and requires little patching or reworking.
  • the use of such a device is within the reach of anyone on a construction site and having a compressor to inflate the pocket. It therefore does not require the intervention of a specialized person.
  • the pocket according to the invention comprises a first chamber and a second chamber fitting one inside the other, the first chamber is made of a material resistant to a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure necessary to resist the impact due to the projection of the concrete on one of the faces of the pocket during the filling of the formwork and at a pressure necessary to resist the force due to the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the pocket and the second chamber is made of material resistant to friction with degrading exterior elements. The wear of the pocket by friction is therefore practically non-existent and it is reusable many times.
  • the chambers are made of fibrous and waterproof material. Preferably they are made of synthetic material.
  • the magnets are fixed between the first chamber and the second chamber. Thus the magnets are not lost during the various stages of manipulation of the device.
  • the pocket is of parallelepipedic shape, of cylindrical shape or of cylindrical polygonal shape.
  • the pocket has two side faces of different dimensions connected by inclined planes so as to be able to block the element concerned by the reservation.
  • valve is tucked into the pocket.
  • valve is protected by a sealed cap.
  • dimension of the pocket is standardized.
  • the pocket is provided with adhesive elements to fix at least one solid and removable part provided with adhesive counter-elements on one of the faces or a corner of the pocket.
  • the invention also consists of a reservation assembly composed of several reservation elements.
  • a reservation assembly composed of several reservation elements.
  • This process has the advantage of being achievable by anyone working on the site without involving specialists.
  • the pocket can be inflated, at least partially, before being positioned.
  • an additional step consists in positioning at least one solid element on at least one of the faces or on at least one corner of the pocket. This element allows better protection of the pocket.
  • no reworking of the tables in the reservation is necessary.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a reservation device comprising a pocket of parallelepiped shape.
  • the openings made in a formwork correspond to the locations of various elements such, for example, the locations of doors or windows or electrical ducts or layers of pipes for the passage of technical network elements.
  • the formwork being a rigid and undeformable enclosure in which the fresh concrete is poured, it is not possible to pour the concrete and then break it at the location provided for these openings. This is why a reservation must be provided in the shape and size corresponding to the desired opening. This reservation is formed over all or part of the thickness of the concrete structure.
  • the formwork is either vertical, for example for making walls, or horizontal, for example for making floors. They can also be of variable inclination or else have the shape of a mould, for example for the production of prefabricated parts.
  • the reservation device represented by way of example on the figure 1 and the figure 2 is a flexible and inflatable pouch. It has two chambers: an inner chamber or envelope 3 and an outer chamber or envelope 4.
  • the inner envelope 3 is made of a material or tarpaulin such as a flexible, synthetic, resistant and waterproof canvas. Its role is to maintain the pressurized fluid, such as air or any other fluid that a person skilled in the art could use, inside the pocket.
  • the pressure P of this fluid is determined to counterbalance a first pressure P1 exerted by the thrust pressure due the projection of fresh concrete into the formwork. It must therefore be sufficient for the ladle to withstand the impact of this projection of concrete without deforming.
  • this pressure P must be sufficient so that the setting pressure P2 exerted by the setting of the concrete on the different faces of the pocket does not deform the pocket.
  • the space reserved by the pocket corresponds to the desired reserve.
  • the outer casing 4 is likewise made of a non-adherent and resistant waterproof flexible material known to those skilled in the art. This material may for example be natural, such as rubber or synthetic. It protects the inner casing 3 from cutting elements such as, for example, steel spikes, nails, laitance.
  • the two envelopes are of almost identical shapes so that the inner envelope 3 fits perfectly into the outer envelope 4.
  • the two envelopes are welded, glued, or assembled by any technique deemed useful by those skilled in the art.
  • a valve 2 is positioned on one of the faces of the reservation element; it is accessible after positioning this element in the formwork.
  • the valve is retracted or retracted so as not to protrude from the pocket. It allows the introduction of fluid into the pocket by putting the inner envelope 3 under pressure. It is also possible to position different valves on different faces and to use the best positioned valve to introduce the fluid.
  • An external compressor can be connected to this valve to introduce pressurized air into this envelope. It can be provided with a waterproof and protective cap.
  • magnets 5 are fixed on one of the internal faces between the internal casing 3 and the external casing 4. They allow the fixing by magnetization of the pocket on a metal formwork of the formwork.
  • the reservation device as represented by the figure 1 is therefore fixed between the metal panels of the formwork, then it is inflated to a pressure P so as to prevent the shotcrete from occupying the space of the reservation.
  • the concrete is positioned around the reservation element. After the poured concrete has set and then hardened, the reservation element is stripped quite simply by deflating the pocket by opening the valve.
  • the element is retracted without friction and therefore without being damaged. No formwork oil is used.
  • This element is reusable many times. It is lightweight and compressible when not in use, making it easy to transport.
  • the section of the reservation device is rectangular.
  • This section could also be square, circular, polygonal or any other shape corresponding to the shape of the element for which the reservation is created.
  • a cylindrical reservation has three faces, a curved face and two flat and circular parallel faces. Any other shape will have a certain number of faces. It is on one of the faces of this element that the valve is positioned. The valve is therefore positioned on one of the accessible faces of this element. It can be centered or decentered.
  • An alternative is a pocket having two side faces of different dimensions connected by inclined planes.
  • the reservation thus created will make it possible to be able to block the element concerned by the reservation in the thickness of the reservation.
  • the invention also consists of a reservation assembly composed of several elements. Each element corresponding to a reservation device as described above.
  • a first element is introduced into the reservation space. It is then inflated to a determined pressure using an external compressor connected to the valve. A second or nth element is superimposed or juxtaposed with the first element so as to achieve the requested size reservation.
  • a metal plate will be fixed to a formwork formwork to be able to position the inflatable pocket.
  • solid and removable parts are fixed on the face subject to the pouring of concrete to counter the effect of bracing due to this pouring.
  • These parts are for example solid plates such as synthetic or metal plates or wooden or plywood plates which are introduced above the pocket when the latter is not inflated or partially inflated. They can maintain themselves. During the stripping, they can be removed effortlessly as soon as the pocket is partially or totally deflated.
  • solid and removable parts are fixed on at least one side of the pocket as well as on at least one corner of the pocket so as to form a frame to consolidate the structure if necessary.
  • the device is then more strongly stiffened and allows a faster finish during formwork stripping because rework is not necessary.
  • the inflatable bag is provided with adhesive elements such as Velcro elements, which makes it possible to fix solid elements provided with adhesive counter-elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de réservation pour coffrage pour former une réservation dans un élément structurel en béton. Il concerne donc plus particulièrement la construction de structures en béton ou béton armé dans le domaine du bâtiment et des travaux publiques. L'invention concerne également un ensemble de réservation comprenant une pluralité de tels dispositifs ainsi qu'un procédé de réalisation d'un voile de béton à l'aide du dispositif de réservation ou d'un ensemble de réservation.The invention relates to a recess device for formwork for forming a recess in a concrete structural element. It therefore relates more particularly to the construction of concrete or reinforced concrete structures in the field of building and public works. The invention also relates to a reservation assembly comprising a plurality of such devices as well as a method of producing a concrete wall using the reservation device or a reservation assembly.

Lorsqu'une ouverture doit être laissée dans un voile de béton, il est nécessaire de prévoir une réservation pour cette ouverture. Un dispositif de réservation est destiné à former une réservation à travers toute la largeur du voile de béton. Pour cela on emploie actuellement des mannequins fixés aux banches métalliques par des aimants.When an opening must be left in a veil of concrete, it is necessary to provide a reservation for this opening. A reservation device is intended to form a reservation across the entire width of the concrete wall. For this, we currently use dummies attached to the metal formwork by magnets.

S'agissant de réservation de grande dimension, on met en oeuvre des mannequins préfabriqués et réutilisables fixés aux banches métalliques du coffrage notamment par des sabots magnétiques.With regard to large reservations, prefabricated and reusable dummies are used, fixed to the metal panels of the formwork, in particular by magnetic shoes.

S'agissant de réservation de petite ou moyenne dimension, on met en oeuvre des éléments de réservation, qui sont le plus souvent réalisés directement sur le chantier à partir de bois ou de polystyrène. Il s'agit d'éléments de réservation qui présentent l'inconvénient majeur de n'être pas réutilisables, qui monopolisent de la main d'oeuvre sur le chantier et qui donnent des réservations relativement grossières pouvant nécessiter des ragréages ou reprises. De plus lorsqu'ils sont en bois, le décoffrage s'avère difficile du fait du gonflement du bois lors du bétonnage. Actuellement pour créer le moule ou réserve, il est nécessaire de faire intervenir un boiseur qui réalisera un cadre en bois correspondant à l'ouverture souhaitée et formant la réservation. L'intervention de ce corps de métier dure environ 30 minutes pour la réalisation ainsi qu'e pour la mise en oeuvre entre les banches. Pour le retrait la personne en charge a besoin d'environ 15 minutes. Son intervention est de plus à programmer dans la chaîne de réalisation. De plus, lors de la mise en oeuvre du béton dans le coffrage, le béton a exercé une pression sur la réservation.With regard to small or medium-sized reservations, reservation elements are used, which are most often made directly on the site from wood or polystyrene. These are reservation elements which have the major drawback of not being reusable, which monopolize labor on the site and which give relatively coarse reservations which may require patching or repairs. In addition, when they are made of wood, stripping is difficult due to the swelling of the wood during concreting. Currently to create the mold or reserve, it is necessary to involve a woodworker who will make a wooden frame corresponding to the desired opening and forming the reservation. The intervention of this trade lasts about 30 minutes for the realization as well as for the implementation between the formwork. For the removal the person in charge needs about 15 minutes. His intervention is also to be programmed in the production chain. In addition, during the implementation of the concrete in the formwork, the concrete exerted pressure on the reservation.

La réservation est donc en position d'arc-boutement et est endommagé lors de l'enlèvement.The reservation is therefore in a buttressed position and is damaged during removal.

On a déjà proposé de pallier ces inconvénients en proposant des éléments de réservation qui peuvent être utilisés plusieurs fois tout en limitant les difficultés de décoffrage.It has already been proposed to overcome these drawbacks by proposing reservation elements which can be used several times while limiting the difficulties of stripping.

Le document EP 1 496 172 décrit de tels éléments de coffrage pour former une réservation de petite dimension à travers toute la largeur d'un ouvrage de béton comprenant une boîte de réservation en matière plastique présentant une face d'appui équipée de moyens aimantés pour sa fixation sur une banche métallique du coffrage. L'élément de réservation comprend une pièce de frappe, opposée à la face d'appui de la boîte de réservation dont la résistance mécanique à l'impact sous l'action d'un marteau et/ou le caractère amovible permet à l'élément de réservation de résister à au moins quarante opérations de décoffrage.The document EP 1 496 172 describes such formwork elements for forming a small dimension reservation across the entire width of a concrete structure comprising a plastic material reservation box having a support face equipped with magnetic means for its attachment to a metal formwork of the formwork. The reservation element comprises a striking piece, opposite the bearing face of the reservation box, the mechanical resistance to impact of which under the action of a hammer and/or the removable character of which allows the element reservation to withstand at least forty stripping operations.

Des coups sur la pièce de frappe associée à la boite en matière plastique sont nécessaires pour permettre l'éjection de la boite en matière plastique lors du décoffrage. Il est donc nécessaire de prévoir l'intervention d'un corps de métier pour le décoffrage.Blows on the striking piece associated with the plastic box are necessary to allow the ejection of the plastic box during stripping. It is therefore necessary to provide for the intervention of a trade for stripping.

De plus ces coups peuvent endommagés la structure de base ainsi que la boite de réservation elle-même. L'ensemble risque d'être difficilement réutilisable.In addition, these blows can damage the basic structure as well as the reservation box itself. The set may be difficult to reuse.

Le document US 5 608 991 décrit un dispositif de réservation pour coffrage d'un ouvrage en béton fixé sur au moins une des deux banches métalliques du coffrage, constitué d'une poche souple et gonflable, munie d'au moins une valve.The document US 5,608,991 describes a reservation device for the formwork of a concrete structure fixed to at least one of the two metal formwork panels of the formwork, consisting of a flexible and inflatable pocket, provided with at least one valve.

La pression est constante et indépendante des pressions exercés par la projection du béton et la masse de béton supportée par les différentes parties de la poche.The pressure is constant and independent of the pressures exerted by the projection of the concrete and the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the pocket.

Une pression de béton plus forte pourrait ainsi déformer la poche.A stronger concrete pressure could thus deform the pocket.

Au moins la partie en contact avec le béton de la partie flexible peut être recouverte par une feuille de couverture flexible.At least the part in contact with the concrete of the flexible part can be covered by a flexible cover sheet.

C'est le but de la présente invention que de proposer un élément de réservation en une seule poche de façon à éviter le recouvrement du dispositif par une feuille de couverture flexible. Cet objectif et d'autres sont réalisés par un dispositif de réservation selon la revendication 1 et un procédé de réalisation d'un voile de béton selon la revendication 11.It is the object of the present invention to provide a reservation element in a single pocket so as to avoid covering the device with a flexible cover sheet. This object and others are achieved by a reservation device according to claim 1 and a method of producing a concrete wall according to claim 11.

L'invention consiste donc de manière connue en un dispositif de réservation pour coffrage d'un ouvrage en béton équipé de moyens aimantés pour sa fixation sur au moins une des deux banches métalliques du coffrage.The invention therefore consists in a known manner of a reservation device for formwork of a concrete structure equipped with magnetic means for its attachment to at least one of the two metal formwork panels of the formwork.

Le dispositif selon l'invention est de plus constitué d'une poche souple et gonflable, munie d'au moins une valve de façon à pouvoir la gonfler avec une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression suffisante pour résister à l'impact dû à la projection du béton sur une des faces de la poche lors du remplissage du coffrage et à la pression suffisante pour résister à la force due à la masse de béton supportée par les différentes parties de la poche.The device according to the invention further consists of a flexible and inflatable pocket, provided with at least one valve so as to be able to inflate it with a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure sufficient to resist the impact due to the projection of the concrete on one of the faces of the pocket during the filling of the formwork and at sufficient pressure to resist the force due to the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the pocket.

Le dispositif de réservation est réutilisable car lors de chaque utilisation il est uniquement gonflé lors du coffrage et dégonflé lors du décoffrage. La réservation est nette et ne nécessite que peu de ragréage ou reprise. De plus l'utilisation d'un tel dispositif est à la portée de toute personne se trouvant sur un chantier et disposant d'un compresseur pour gonfler la poche. Elle ne nécessite donc pas l'intervention d'une personne spécialisée.The reservation device is reusable because during each use it is only inflated during formwork and deflated during stripping. The reservation is neat and requires little patching or reworking. In addition, the use of such a device is within the reach of anyone on a construction site and having a compressor to inflate the pocket. It therefore does not require the intervention of a specialized person.

La poche selon l'invention comprend une première chambre et une seconde chambre s'emboitant l'une dans l'autre, la première chambre est en matière résistante à une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression nécessaire pour résister à l'impact dû à la projection du béton sur une des faces de la poche lors du remplissage du coffrage et à une pression nécessaire pour résister à la force due à la masse de béton supportée par les différentes parties de la poche et la seconde chambre est en matière résistant aux frottements avec des éléments extérieurs dégradants. L'usure de la poche par frottement est donc quasiment inexistante et elle est réutilisable de nombreuses fois.The pocket according to the invention comprises a first chamber and a second chamber fitting one inside the other, the first chamber is made of a material resistant to a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure necessary to resist the impact due to the projection of the concrete on one of the faces of the pocket during the filling of the formwork and at a pressure necessary to resist the force due to the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the pocket and the second chamber is made of material resistant to friction with degrading exterior elements. The wear of the pocket by friction is therefore practically non-existent and it is reusable many times.

Selon l'invention les chambres sont en matière fibrée et étanche. De préférence elles sont en matière synthétique.According to the invention, the chambers are made of fibrous and waterproof material. Preferably they are made of synthetic material.

Selon l'invention les aimants sont fixés entre la première chambre et la seconde chambre. Ainsi les aimants ne sont pas perdus lors des différentes étapes de manipulation du dispositif.According to the invention the magnets are fixed between the first chamber and the second chamber. Thus the magnets are not lost during the various stages of manipulation of the device.

De préférence la poche est de forme parallélépipédique, de forme cylindrique ou de forme polygonale cylindrique.Preferably the pocket is of parallelepipedic shape, of cylindrical shape or of cylindrical polygonal shape.

Selon une variante de l'invention, la poche présente deux faces latérales de différentes dimensions reliées par des plans inclinés de façon à pouvoir bloquer l'élément concerné par la réservation.According to a variant of the invention, the pocket has two side faces of different dimensions connected by inclined planes so as to be able to block the element concerned by the reservation.

De préférence la valve est rentrée dans la poche.Preferably the valve is tucked into the pocket.

Selon une variante de l'invention la valve est protégée par un bouchon étanche. Selon une variante de l'invention la dimension de la poche est normée.According to a variant of the invention, the valve is protected by a sealed cap. According to a variant of the invention, the dimension of the pocket is standardized.

Selon une variante de l'invention, la poche est munie d'éléments adhésifs pour fixer au moins une partie solide et amovible munie de contre-éléments adhésifs sur une des faces ou un angle de la poche.According to a variant of the invention, the pocket is provided with adhesive elements to fix at least one solid and removable part provided with adhesive counter-elements on one of the faces or a corner of the pocket.

Ainsi des parties solides et amovibles peuvent venir renforcer la poche.Thus solid and removable parts can reinforce the pocket.

L'invention consiste également en un ensemble de réservation composé de plusieurs éléments de réservation. Ainsi la combinaison de plusieurs éléments permet d'obtenir une réservation de taille différente.The invention also consists of a reservation assembly composed of several reservation elements. Thus the combination of several elements makes it possible to obtain a reservation of different size.

Selon l'invention un procédé de réalisation d'un voile de béton entre deux banches métalliques comprend un dispositif de réservation pour coffrage constitué par une poche souple et gonflable et comportant les étapes suivantes :

  • o positionner la poche gonflable entre les banches métalliques ;
  • o gonfler la poche à une pression supérieure ou égale à la pression suffisante pour résister à l'impact dû à la projection du béton sur une des faces de la poche lors du remplissage du coffrage et à une pression suffisante pour résister à la force due à la masse de béton supportée par les différentes parties de la poche ;
  • o couler le béton frais ;
  • o après la prise puis le durcissement du béton, retirer la poche en la dégonflant.
According to the invention, a method for producing a veil of concrete between two metal formwork comprises a reservation device for formwork consisting of a flexible and inflatable pocket and comprising the following steps:
  • o position the inflatable pocket between the metal panels;
  • o inflate the pocket to a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure sufficient to resist the impact due to the projection of the concrete on one of the faces of the pocket during the filling of the formwork and to a pressure sufficient to resist the force due to the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the pocket;
  • o pour fresh concrete;
  • o after the concrete has set and then hardened, remove the pocket by deflating it.

Ce procédé a l'avantage d'être réalisable par toute personne travaillant sur le chantier sans faire intervenir des spécialistes.This process has the advantage of being achievable by anyone working on the site without involving specialists.

Selon une variante du procédé la poche peut être gonflée, au moins partiellement avant d'être positionnée.According to a variant of the method, the pocket can be inflated, at least partially, before being positioned.

Avantageusement, après l'étape de positionnement de la poche gonflable entre les banches métalliques, une étape supplémentaire consiste à positionner au moins un élément solide sur au moins une des faces ou sur au moins un angle de la poche. Cet élément permet une meilleure protection de la poche. De plus lors du décoffrage, aucune reprise des tableaux de la réservation n'est nécessaire.Advantageously, after the step of positioning the inflatable pocket between the metal formwork, an additional step consists in positioning at least one solid element on at least one of the faces or on at least one corner of the pocket. This element allows better protection of the pocket. In addition, during stripping, no reworking of the tables in the reservation is necessary.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va être faite d'exemples de réalisation d'éléments de réservation de petite dimension, illustrés par le dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un dispositif de réservation selon l'invention comportant une poche parallélépipédique et située entre les deux banches métalliques d'un coffrage ;
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe du dispositif de réservation selon la figure 1.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description which will be made of exemplary embodiments of small-sized reservation elements, illustrated by the appended drawing in which:
  • There figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a reservation device according to the invention comprising a parallelepipedal pocket and located between the two metal formwork panels of a formwork;
  • There picture 2 is a schematic sectional view of the reservation device according to the figure 1 .

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un dispositif de réservation comportant une poche de forme parallélépipédique.There figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a reservation device comprising a pocket of parallelepiped shape.

En effet, les ouvertures réalisées dans un coffrage correspondent aux emplacements de divers éléments tels, par exemple, les emplacements des portes ou fenêtres ou de gaines électriques ou des nappes de tuyauteries pour le passage d'éléments de réseaux techniques. Le coffrage étant une enceinte rigide et indéformable dans laquelle le béton frais est coulé, il n'est pas possible de couler le béton puis de le casser à l'emplacement prévu pour ces ouvertures. C'est pourquoi une réservation doit être prévue de forme et de taille correspondant à l'ouverture souhaitée. Cette réservation est formée sur toute ou partie de l'épaisseur de l'ouvrage en béton.Indeed, the openings made in a formwork correspond to the locations of various elements such, for example, the locations of doors or windows or electrical ducts or layers of pipes for the passage of technical network elements. The formwork being a rigid and undeformable enclosure in which the fresh concrete is poured, it is not possible to pour the concrete and then break it at the location provided for these openings. This is why a reservation must be provided in the shape and size corresponding to the desired opening. This reservation is formed over all or part of the thickness of the concrete structure.

Les coffrages sont soit verticaux, par exemple pour la réalisation de murs, soit horizontaux, par exemple pour la réalisation de planchers. Ils peuvent être également à inclinaison variable ou bien avoir la forme de moule par exemple pour la réalisation de pièces préfabriquées.The formwork is either vertical, for example for making walls, or horizontal, for example for making floors. They can also be of variable inclination or else have the shape of a mould, for example for the production of prefabricated parts.

Le dispositif de réservation représentée à titre d'exemple sur la figure 1 et la figure 2 est une poche souple et gonflable. Elle comporte deux chambres : une chambre ou enveloppe interne 3 et une chambre ou enveloppe externe 4.The reservation device represented by way of example on the figure 1 and the figure 2 is a flexible and inflatable pouch. It has two chambers: an inner chamber or envelope 3 and an outer chamber or envelope 4.

L'enveloppe interne 3 est réalisée dans un matériau ou bâche telle une toile souple, synthétique, résistante et étanche. Son rôle est d'assurer le maintien du fluide sous pression, tel l'air ou tout autre fluide qu'un homme de métier pourrait utiliser, à l'intérieur de la poche. La pression P de ce fluide est déterminée pour contrebalancer une première pression P1 exercée par la pression de poussée due à la projection du béton frais dans le coffrage. Elle doit donc être suffisante pour que la poche résiste à l'impact du à cette projection de béton sans se déformer. De plus cette pression P doit être suffisante pour que la pression de prise P2 exercée par la prise du béton sur les différentes faces de la poche ne déforme pas la poche. Ainsi pendant la réaction de durcissement, l'espace réservé par la poche correspond à la réserve souhaitée.The inner envelope 3 is made of a material or tarpaulin such as a flexible, synthetic, resistant and waterproof canvas. Its role is to maintain the pressurized fluid, such as air or any other fluid that a person skilled in the art could use, inside the pocket. The pressure P of this fluid is determined to counterbalance a first pressure P1 exerted by the thrust pressure due the projection of fresh concrete into the formwork. It must therefore be sufficient for the ladle to withstand the impact of this projection of concrete without deforming. In addition, this pressure P must be sufficient so that the setting pressure P2 exerted by the setting of the concrete on the different faces of the pocket does not deform the pocket. Thus during the curing reaction, the space reserved by the pocket corresponds to the desired reserve.

Toutefois une déformation minimale due à la coulée du béton est acceptable.However, a minimal deformation due to the pouring of the concrete is acceptable.

L'enveloppe externe 4 est de même réalisée dans un matériau souple étanche non adhérent et résistant connu de l'homme du métier. Ce matériau peut-être par exemple naturel, telle caoutchouc ou synthétique. Elle protège l'enveloppe interne 3 d'éléments sectionnant tels par exemple des pointes d'acier, des clous, de la laitance.The outer casing 4 is likewise made of a non-adherent and resistant waterproof flexible material known to those skilled in the art. This material may for example be natural, such as rubber or synthetic. It protects the inner casing 3 from cutting elements such as, for example, steel spikes, nails, laitance.

Les deux enveloppes sont de formes quasiment identiques de telle manière que l'enveloppe interne 3 s'emboîte parfaitement dans l'enveloppe externe 4. Les deux enveloppes sont soudées, collées, ou assemblées par toute technique jugée utile par l'homme de métier.The two envelopes are of almost identical shapes so that the inner envelope 3 fits perfectly into the outer envelope 4. The two envelopes are welded, glued, or assembled by any technique deemed useful by those skilled in the art.

Une valve 2 est positionnée sur l'une des faces de l'élément de réservation elle est accessible après positionnement de cet élément dans le coffrage. De préférence la valve est rentrée ou rétractée de façon à ne pas dépasser de la poche. Elle permet l'introduction du fluide dans la poche en mettant l'enveloppe interne 3 sous pression. Il est également possible de positionner différentes valves sur différentes faces et d'utiliser la valve la mieux positionner pour introduire le fluide. Un compresseur extérieure peut être relié à cette valve pour introduire de l'air sous pression dans cette enveloppe. Elle peut être munie d'un bouchon étanche et protecteur.A valve 2 is positioned on one of the faces of the reservation element; it is accessible after positioning this element in the formwork. Preferably the valve is retracted or retracted so as not to protrude from the pocket. It allows the introduction of fluid into the pocket by putting the inner envelope 3 under pressure. It is also possible to position different valves on different faces and to use the best positioned valve to introduce the fluid. An external compressor can be connected to this valve to introduce pressurized air into this envelope. It can be provided with a waterproof and protective cap.

Quatre aimants 5 sont fixés sur l'une des faces internes entre l'enveloppe interne 3 et l'enveloppe externe 4. Ils permettent la fixation par aimantation de la poche sur une banche métallique du coffrage.Four magnets 5 are fixed on one of the internal faces between the internal casing 3 and the external casing 4. They allow the fixing by magnetization of the pocket on a metal formwork of the formwork.

Le dispositif de réservation tel que représenté par la figure 1 est donc fixé entre les banches métalliques du coffrage, puis il est gonflé à une pression P de façon à empêcher le béton projeté d'occuper l'espace de la réservation. Le béton se positionne autour de l'élément de réservation. Après la prise puis le durcissement du béton coulé, on décoffre l'élément de réservation tout simplement en dégonflant la poche par ouverture de la valve.The reservation device as represented by the figure 1 is therefore fixed between the metal panels of the formwork, then it is inflated to a pressure P so as to prevent the shotcrete from occupying the space of the reservation. The concrete is positioned around the reservation element. After the poured concrete has set and then hardened, the reservation element is stripped quite simply by deflating the pocket by opening the valve.

L'élément est rétracté sans frottement et donc sans être endommagé. Aucune huile de décoffrage n'est utilisée.The element is retracted without friction and therefore without being damaged. No formwork oil is used.

Cet élément est réutilisable de nombreuses fois. Il est léger et compressible quand on ne l'utilise pas, facilitant ainsi son transport.This element is reusable many times. It is lightweight and compressible when not in use, making it easy to transport.

La section du dispositif de réservation, illustré par la figure 2, est rectangulaire. Cette section pourrait également être carrée, circulaire, polygonale ou toute autre forme correspondant à la forme de l'élément pour lequel la réservation est créée. En effet une réservation cylindrique possède trois faces, une face courbe et deux faces parallèles planes et circulaires. Toute autre forme possédera un nombre certain de faces. C'est sur l'une des faces de cet élément que la valve est positionnée. La valve est donc positionnée sur une des faces accessible de cet élément. Elle peut être centrée ou décentrée. Selon une variante de l'invention, il est envisageable d'avoir des valves sur au moins une des faces de l'élément de façon à pouvoir brancher un compresseur sur l'une des valves, celle qui correspond au meilleur accès possible lorsque le dispositif se trouve inséré entre les banches.The section of the reservation device, illustrated by the picture 2 , is rectangular. This section could also be square, circular, polygonal or any other shape corresponding to the shape of the element for which the reservation is created. Indeed a cylindrical reservation has three faces, a curved face and two flat and circular parallel faces. Any other shape will have a certain number of faces. It is on one of the faces of this element that the valve is positioned. The valve is therefore positioned on one of the accessible faces of this element. It can be centered or decentered. According to a variant of the invention, it is possible to have valves on at least one of the faces of the element so as to be able to connect a compressor to one of the valves, the one which corresponds to the best possible access when the device is inserted between the formwork.

Une alternative est une poche présentant deux faces latérales de différentes dimensions reliées par des plans inclinés. La réservation ainsi créée permettra de pouvoir bloquer l'élément concerné par la réservation dans l'épaisseur de la réservation.An alternative is a pocket having two side faces of different dimensions connected by inclined planes. The reservation thus created will make it possible to be able to block the element concerned by the reservation in the thickness of the reservation.

L'invention consiste également en un ensemble de réservation composé de plusieurs éléments. Chaque élément correspondant à un dispositif de réservation tels que décrit précédemment.The invention also consists of a reservation assembly composed of several elements. Each element corresponding to a reservation device as described above.

En effet pour simplifier la production des dispositifs de réservation, il est envisageable de réaliser des dispositifs de tailles définies et d'associer ces dispositifs les uns aux autres pour réaliser un ensemble de taille supérieure. Un premier élément est introduit dans l'espace de réservation. Il est ensuite gonflé à une pression déterminée à l'aide d'un compresseur externe reliée à la valve. Un deuxième ou énième élément se superpose ou se juxtapose au premier élément de façon à réaliser la réservation de taille demandée.In fact, to simplify the production of reservation devices, it is possible to produce devices of defined sizes and to associate these devices with each other to produce a set of larger size. A first element is introduced into the reservation space. It is then inflated to a determined pressure using an external compressor connected to the valve. A second or nth element is superimposed or juxtaposed with the first element so as to achieve the requested size reservation.

Il est donc possible de réaliser une réservation avec un ensemble d'éléments de tailles normées.It is therefore possible to make a reservation with a set of elements of standardized sizes.

Un procédé de réalisation d'un voile de béton comporte les étapes suivantes :

  • positionner la poche gonflable entre les banches métalliques , les aimants permettant de maintenir la poche dans cette position.
  • gonfler cet élément par introduction d'un fluide sous pression de façon à obtenir une pression P déterminée, telle que décrite précédemment ;
  • couler le béton frais ;
  • après la prise puis le durcissement du béton, retirer le moule en le dégonflant.
A method for producing a concrete wall comprises the following steps:
  • position the inflatable pocket between the metal panels, the magnets allowing the pocket to be held in this position.
  • inflating this element by introducing a fluid under pressure so as to obtain a determined pressure P, as described previously;
  • pour the fresh concrete;
  • after the concrete has set and hardened, remove the mold by deflating it.

Il est envisageable pour raison de commodité, de gonfler au moins partiellement le moule à l'aide d'un compresseur d'air avant de le positionner entre les banches métalliques du coffrage à l'aide des aimants puis eventuellement de terminer l'opération de gonflage pour atteindre la pression P désirée.It is possible for reasons of convenience, to at least partially inflate the mold using an air compressor before positioning it between the metal formwork panels using magnets and then possibly finishing the operation of inflation to reach the desired pressure P.

Si le coffrage ne comporte pas de banches métalliques, une plaque métallique sera fixée sur une banche du coffrage pour pouvoir positionner la poche gonflable.If the formwork does not include metal formwork, a metal plate will be fixed to a formwork formwork to be able to position the inflatable pocket.

Dans une variante de l'invention, des parties solides et amovibles viennent se fixer sur la face sujette à la coulée de béton pour contrer l'effet d'arcboutement due à cette coulée. Ces parties sont par exemple des plaques solides telles des plaques synthétiques ou métalliques ou des plaques en bois ou contreplaqué qui s'introduisent au-dessus de la poche lorsque celle-ci n'est pas gonflée ou partiellement gonflée. Elles peuvent se maintenir par elle-même. Lors du décoffrage, elles s'enlèvent sans effort dés que la poche est partiellement ou totalement dégonflée.In a variant of the invention, solid and removable parts are fixed on the face subject to the pouring of concrete to counter the effect of bracing due to this pouring. These parts are for example solid plates such as synthetic or metal plates or wooden or plywood plates which are introduced above the pocket when the latter is not inflated or partially inflated. They can maintain themselves. During the stripping, they can be removed effortlessly as soon as the pocket is partially or totally deflated.

Eventuellement des parties solides et amovibles viennent se fixer sur les angles de la poche de façon à consolider les angles.Optionally solid and removable parts are fixed on the corners of the pocket so as to consolidate the corners.

Eventuellement, des parties solides et amovibles viennent se fixer sur au moins une face de la poche ainsi que sur au moins un angle de la poche de façon à former un cadre pour consolider la structure si nécessaire. Le dispositif est alors plus fortement rigidifié et permet une finition plus rapide lors du decoffrage car les reprises ne sont pas nécessaires.Optionally, solid and removable parts are fixed on at least one side of the pocket as well as on at least one corner of the pocket so as to form a frame to consolidate the structure if necessary. The device is then more strongly stiffened and allows a faster finish during formwork stripping because rework is not necessary.

La poche gonflable est muni d'éléments adhésifs tels des éléments velcro ce qui permet de fixer des éléments solides munies de contre-éléments adhésifs.The inflatable bag is provided with adhesive elements such as Velcro elements, which makes it possible to fix solid elements provided with adhesive counter-elements.

En cas de plan incliné ou pour divers raisons d'instabilité, il est intéressant d'utliser ces éléments adhésifs pour éviter tout déplacement de structure.In the event of an inclined plane or for various reasons of instability, it is interesting to use these adhesive elements to avoid any displacement of the structure.

Pour minimaliser les déformations dans le béton frais, il faut adapter la pression P d'air à l'intérieur de la poche en fonction de la pression P1 due à la projection du béton frais et à la pression P2 du au poids du béton. Pour chaque élément de réservation, un diagramme indiquant la pression d'air nécessaire dans l'élément de réservation en fonction de la masse de béton et/ou de la force de projection est réalisable et permet donc de déterminer les premières et secondes pressions P1 et P2 ainsi que la pression P.To minimize the deformations in the fresh concrete, it is necessary to adapt the air pressure P inside the pocket according to the pressure P1 due to the projection of the fresh concrete and to the pressure P2 due to the weight of the concrete. For each reservation element, a diagram indicating the air pressure required in the reservation element as a function of the concrete mass and/or the projection force is feasible and therefore makes it possible to determine the first and second pressures P1 and P2 as well as the pressure P.

Claims (13)

  1. Blockout device for the formwork of a concrete structure fixed on at least one of the two metal formwork panels,
    consisting of a flexible and inflatable bag (1), provided with at least one valve (2), the bag (1) comprising a first chamber (3) and a second chamber (4) fitting into each other,
    characterized in that the chambers are made of a fibrous and dense material, the first chamber (3) is internally made of a flexible material and resistant to a pressure (P) greater than or equal to a pressure (P1) necessary to resist the impact due to the projection of the concrete onto one of the faces of the bag during the filling of the formwork and to a pressure (P2) necessary to resist the force due to the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the bag, and the second chamber (4) is externally made of a material that is resistant to friction with damaging external elements, and
    in that the device is equipped with magnetic means (5) for fixing it to at least one of the two metal formwork panels fixed between the first chamber (3) and the second chamber (4).
  2. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first chamber (3) and the second chamber (4) are made of natural material.
  3. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first chamber (3) and the second chamber (4) are of synthetic material.
  4. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bag (1) is parallelepipedic in shape, cylindrical in shape or polygonal cylindrical in shape.
  5. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bag (1) has two lateral faces of different dimensions connected by inclined planes so as to be able to block the element concerned by the block-out.
  6. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve (2) is retracted into the bag.
  7. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve (2) is protected by a tight cap.
  8. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bag is provided with adhesive elements for fixing at least one solid and removable part provided with adhesive counter elements on one of the faces or a corner of the bag.
  9. Blockout device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimension of the bag (1) is standardized.
  10. Blockout assembly consisting of a plurality of blockout elements according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
  11. A method of making a concrete wall between two metal formwork panels comprising using a formwork blockout device according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:
    ∘ positioning the inflatable bag between the metal formwork panels;
    ∘ inflating the bag to a pressure (P) greater than or equal to a pressure (P1) sufficient to withstand the impact due to the projection of the concrete on one of the faces of the bag during the filling of the formwork and to a pressure (P2) sufficient to withstand the force due to the mass of concrete supported by the different parts of the bag ;
    ∘ pouring the fresh concrete;
    ∘ after the concrete has set and then hardened, removing the bag by deflating it.
  12. A method of making a concrete wall according to claim 11, characterized in that before the first step of positioning the bag there is a step of partially swelling the bag.
  13. A method of making a concrete wall according to claims 11 or 12, characterized in that after the step of positioning the inflatable bag between the metal formwork panels, an additional step consists of positioning at least one solid element on at least one of the faces or on at least one corner of the bag.
EP16702363.9A 2015-02-05 2016-01-26 Reentrant device Active EP3253935B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1500220A FR3032467B1 (en) 2015-02-05 2015-02-05 RESERVATION DEVICE
PCT/EP2016/051479 WO2016124434A1 (en) 2015-02-05 2016-01-26 Reentrant device

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EP3253935A1 EP3253935A1 (en) 2017-12-13
EP3253935B1 true EP3253935B1 (en) 2023-08-30

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EP (1) EP3253935B1 (en)
DK (1) DK3253935T3 (en)
FI (1) FI3253935T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3032467B1 (en)
PT (1) PT3253935T (en)
WO (1) WO2016124434A1 (en)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04174150A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-06-22 Bridgestone Corp Sealing member for dome of opening or closing type
US6726052B1 (en) * 2003-03-19 2004-04-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Collapsible fluid transport tank

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2570418B1 (en) * 1984-09-19 1989-12-01 Laroche Jean Pierre DEVICE FOR SPACING METAL FORMWORK AND FOR CREATING RESERVATIONS IN CONCRETE WALLS DURING CONSTRUCTION
JPH0715220B2 (en) * 1989-08-10 1995-02-22 栗本建設工業株式会社 Method for forming through-holes in concrete structures
JPH04110853U (en) * 1991-01-24 1992-09-25 群司工業株式会社 air sleeve
WO1994027002A1 (en) * 1993-05-18 1994-11-24 Senji Yamashita Flexible form member and method of forming through hole by means of the form member
FR2903440A1 (en) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-11 Richard Habermann Reserve/cavity conserving body for concrete wall of building, has annex modules fixed at top of base module, where bottom surface and heights of annex modules are identical to top surface and lesser than height of base module, respectively

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04174150A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-06-22 Bridgestone Corp Sealing member for dome of opening or closing type
US6726052B1 (en) * 2003-03-19 2004-04-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Collapsible fluid transport tank

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EP3253935A1 (en) 2017-12-13
DK3253935T3 (en) 2023-12-11
WO2016124434A1 (en) 2016-08-11
FR3032467B1 (en) 2018-07-27
FR3032467A1 (en) 2016-08-12
PT3253935T (en) 2023-12-06
FI3253935T3 (en) 2023-12-04

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