EP3253651B1 - Vessel - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3253651B1
EP3253651B1 EP16702062.7A EP16702062A EP3253651B1 EP 3253651 B1 EP3253651 B1 EP 3253651B1 EP 16702062 A EP16702062 A EP 16702062A EP 3253651 B1 EP3253651 B1 EP 3253651B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crew
vessel
crew compartment
watercraft
exhaust gases
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EP16702062.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3253651A1 (en
Inventor
Richard Büchner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
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Publication of EP3253651A1 publication Critical patent/EP3253651A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/04—Superstructure
    • B63G8/06—Conning-towers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/36—Adaptations of ventilation, e.g. schnorkels, cooling, heating, or air-conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/08—Propulsion
    • B63G8/12—Propulsion using internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a watercraft according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Water vehicles such as boats or ships, and in particular underwater vehicles, such as. B. submarines, are used in military and civil applications.
  • Such watercraft usually have an exhaust gas outlet through which exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine can be emitted.
  • the water outlet is often arranged above the waterline, so that the exhaust gases get directly into the outside air surrounding the watercraft when the internal combustion engine is in operation.
  • crew rooms are typically provided in watercraft in which crew members can stay.
  • submarines usually have a tower with a crew room provided at the upper end of the tower, the so-called surface control stand. Crew members can stay in this crew room when sailing above water.
  • the crew compartment of the tower usually has openings such as B. flood slots through which the crew compartment is flooded when the submarine is diving.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce the exposure of crew members staying in the crew room to exhaust gases from the watercraft with reduced energy consumption.
  • Air and / or exhaust gases can be removed from the crew compartment via the suction device and, in particular, released into an area outside the crew compartment.
  • the suction device thus contributes to the fact that the stress on crew members who are in the crew compartment is reduced.
  • the crew space can be a space, in particular an open space, arranged in the area of the upper deck or a tower of the watercraft.
  • the crew compartment can be entered by the crew when the watercraft is crossing the water.
  • the crew compartment can have an overwater control station from which the watercraft can be controlled.
  • the crew space is preferably an open space that is located outside a hull of the watercraft, in the case of an underwater vehicle, for example, a space that is located outside of a pressure hull of the underwater vehicle.
  • the suction device is designed as a jet pump.
  • a jet pump which is often also referred to as an injector, has the advantage that it does not require any moving parts and is therefore more robust.
  • the suction device can be designed as, in particular electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven, fan or as, in particular electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven, pump.
  • the suction device can be supplied with an exhaust gas from the watercraft as the propellant medium, so that the energy of the exhaust gas flowing out of the watercraft can be used. It is therefore not necessary to provide additional energy for operating the suction device.
  • the suction device is arranged according to the invention in an exhaust line of the watercraft, for example between an internal combustion engine of the watercraft and the exhaust gas outlet.
  • the suction device is preferably connected to the exhaust gas outlet in such a way that exhaust gases sucked out of the occupation space are output through the exhaust gas outlet.
  • the exhaust gas outlet can be arranged, for example, in the outer contour of the watercraft, in particular in the outer contour of the crew compartment.
  • a further advantageous embodiment provides that the suction device is connected to a suction line arranged in the crew compartment, via which exhaust gases can be drawn off from the crew compartment in the direction of the suction device. Exhaust gases can be sucked off via the suction line from those areas of the crew compartment which are arranged at a distance from the suction device.
  • the suction line can be designed in the manner of a pipe. It is also possible for the suction line to have one or more suction openings. The course of the suction line in the crew compartment is preferably selected such that it runs through different areas of the crew compartment, optionally separated by partition walls, and at least one suction opening is provided in each area of the crew compartment.
  • the suction line has a non-return flap and / or a non-return valve which prevents exhaust gases from penetrating through the suction line into the crew compartment.
  • the non-return flap or the non-return valve can prevent exhaust gas from flowing into the suction line if the outlet of the suction device is briefly closed by penetrating water. It is particularly advantageous if the non-return flap or the non-return valve is arranged in an area of the suction line facing the suction device.
  • the suction device is arranged in the crew compartment, so that the suction device is mechanically Effects, for example by currents, splash water or projectiles, is protected.
  • the suction device can be arranged outside of the occupation space, for example in a protective space separated from the occupation space.
  • the suction device can be arranged on the outer contour of the watercraft, as a result of which no installation space has to be reserved for the suction device within the outer contour of the watercraft, in particular within the crew compartment. An arrangement on the outer contour of the watercraft is therefore particularly suitable as a retrofit solution.
  • the invention is used in a watercraft whose crew compartment can optionally be flooded with water, in particular when the watercraft is diving.
  • the crew compartment is arranged outside a pressure hull of the watercraft.
  • Such crew rooms for example the interiors of towers of submarines, can have openings in the manner of flood slots through which undesired exhaust gases can penetrate. The exhaust gases that have penetrated through the flood slots can be sucked off by the suction device.
  • the Figure 1 shows a structure of a watercraft in a schematic sectional view along a transverse axis of the watercraft.
  • the Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a watercraft according to the invention in a schematic sectional view along a longitudinal axis of the watercraft.
  • a part of a watercraft 1 designed as an underwater vehicle is shown, which can be used, for example, as a military submarine.
  • the watercraft 1 has a pressure body 3 which is designed to be gas-tight and water-tight.
  • a pressure body 3 which is designed to be gas-tight and water-tight.
  • an internal combustion engine designed as a diesel engine for driving the watercraft 1 as well as crew rooms are arranged, in which crew members of the watercraft 1 can stay.
  • a structure 2 designed as a tower is arranged in the area above the pressure hull 3.
  • the structure has an opening 6 on its upper side.
  • the structure 2 protrudes from the water.
  • an overwater control stand 16 which can accommodate crew members when traveling over water, so that they can operate items of equipment arranged in the crew room 5, for example.
  • the structure 2 of the watercraft 1 In the submerged state, that is to say when diving, the structure 2 of the watercraft 1 is at least partially below the waterline. Since the structure 2 is neither gastight nor watertight, the crew compartment 5 is flooded when diving.
  • the crew compartment 5 has several openings 4, 6 through which water can penetrate into the crew compartment 5 when submerged. These openings 4 can for example be designed as flood slots.
  • the watercraft 1 In order to discharge the exhaust gases generated in the internal combustion engine of the watercraft 1, the watercraft 1 also has an exhaust gas outlet 14 which is provided in the area of the structure 4 so that the exhaust gases can be released into the ambient air when traveling over water. If there are wind conditions as shown in Figure 1 are shown, it can happen that exhaust gases can get into the crew room 5 and affect the crew members staying there.
  • an air flow 15 which hits the watercraft 1 from a side opposite the exhaust gas outlet 14
  • air vortices form on the leeward side, in the area of the slipstream of the structure 2.
  • the exhaust gas exiting the exhaust gas outlet 14 can be whirled up by these air vortices and drawn to the structure 2.
  • a negative pressure is formed in the area of the crew room 5 promotes and affects the crew members there.
  • the in Figure 2 1 illustrated watercraft in the manner of a Special precautions have been taken for submarines, which are explained below.
  • the watercraft 1 has a suction device 7, by means of which exhaust gases can be sucked out of the crew compartment 5. In this way, exhaust gases that are unpleasant or harmful for the crew members can be removed from the crew compartment 5, so that the overall exposure of the crew members to exhaust gases is reduced.
  • the suction device 7 is designed as a jet pump, which is operated with the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine of the watercraft as the propellant medium.
  • the suction device is provided as part of the exhaust line 13 of the watercraft 1.
  • the suction device 7 is located in the exhaust line 13 between the internal combustion engine and the exhaust gas outlet 5.
  • the internal combustion engine is preferably designed so that the exhaust gas counter pressure increased by the suction device 7 can be overcome by the exhaust gas.
  • An exhaust flap 12 is provided in the transition area between the pressure hull 3 and the structure 2 or the occupation space 5. In the flow direction of the exhaust gas behind the exhaust gas flap 12, an exhaust gas switchover flap 11 is arranged.
  • the suction device 7 is located within the crew compartment 5, so that it is protected from external influences, for example from spray water.
  • a suction line 8 is connected to a suction connection of the suction device 7 and runs from the suction device 7 into the interior of the occupation space 5.
  • the suction line 8 has several suction openings 10 through which air and exhaust gases are sucked in.
  • the suction openings 10 are arranged distributed over the suction line 8, so that the exhaust gases are sucked in at different points in the occupation space 5.
  • a non-return flap 9 is arranged within the suction line 8.
  • the non-return flap 9 prevents exhaust gas or water from passing through the exhaust gas outlet 14 and the suction device 7 into the suction line 8 and forcing exhaust gases into the crew compartment 5 when there is a strong swell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Wasserfahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a watercraft according to the preamble of claim 1.

Wasserfahrzeuge, wie beispielsweise Boote oder Schiffe, und insbesondere Unterwasserfahrzeuge, wie z. B. Unterseeboote, werden im militärischen wie zivilen Anwendungsbereich eingesetzt. Derartige Wasserfahrzeuge weisen in der Regel einen Abgasaustritt auf, über welchen Abgase eines Verbrennungsmotors abgegeben werden können. Oftmals ist der Wasseraustritt oberhalb der Wasserlinie angeordnet, so dass die Abgase beim Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors unmittelbar in die das Wasserfahrzeug umgebende Außenluft gelangen.Water vehicles, such as boats or ships, and in particular underwater vehicles, such as. B. submarines, are used in military and civil applications. Such watercraft usually have an exhaust gas outlet through which exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine can be emitted. The water outlet is often arranged above the waterline, so that the exhaust gases get directly into the outside air surrounding the watercraft when the internal combustion engine is in operation.

Ferner sind bei Wasserfahrzeugen typischerweise Besatzungsräume vorgesehen, in denen sich Besatzungsmitglieder aufhalten können. Beispielsweise weisen Unterseeboote üblicherweise einen Turm mit einem am oberen Ende des Turms vorgesehenen Besatzungsraum auf, dem sogenannten Überwasserfahrstand. In diesem Besatzungsraum können sich Besatzungsmitglieder bei Überwasserfahrt aufhalten. Der Besatzungsraum des Turms weist in der Regel Öffnungen wie z. B. Flutschlitze auf, über welche der Besatzungsraum bei Tauchfahrt des Unterseeboots geflutet wird.Furthermore, crew rooms are typically provided in watercraft in which crew members can stay. For example, submarines usually have a tower with a crew room provided at the upper end of the tower, the so-called surface control stand. Crew members can stay in this crew room when sailing above water. The crew compartment of the tower usually has openings such as B. flood slots through which the crew compartment is flooded when the submarine is diving.

Bei derartigen Wasserfahrzeugen hat es sich als nachteilig herausgestellt, dass es unter anderem bei ungünstigen Windbedingungen dazu kommen kann, dass aus dem Abgasaustritt austretende Abgase in den Besatzungsraum des Wasserfahrzeugs eindringen. Hierdurch werden Besatzungsmitglieder, die sich in dem Besatzungsraum aufhalten, gestört oder sogar gesundheitlich belastet.In the case of such watercraft, it has been found to be disadvantageous that, inter alia, under unfavorable wind conditions, exhaust gases emerging from the exhaust gas outlet can penetrate into the crew compartment of the watercraft. As a result, crew members who are in the crew space are disturbed or even put their health at risk.

In der EP 1 468 906 A2 wird ein Wasserfahrzeug mit einem Besatzungsraum vorgeschlagen, welches zum Schutz der Besatzungsmitglieder vor der Einwirkung in den Besatzungsraum eindringender Abgase eine als Lüfter ausgebildete Absaugvorrichtung aufweist, über welche Abgase aus dem Besatzungsraum absaugbar sind.In the EP 1 468 906 A2 A watercraft with a crew compartment is proposed which, to protect the crew members from the effects of exhaust gases entering the crew compartment, has a suction device designed as a fan, via which exhaust gases can be extracted from the crew compartment.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Belastung von sich in dem Besatzungsraum aufhaltenden Besatzungsmitgliedern durch Abgase des Wasserfahrzeugs mit reduziertem Energieaufwand zu verringern.Against this background, the object of the present invention is to reduce the exposure of crew members staying in the crew room to exhaust gases from the watercraft with reduced energy consumption.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Wasserfahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.The object is achieved by a watercraft with the features of claim 1.

Über die Absaugvorrichtung können Luft und/oder Abgase aus dem Besatzungsraum entfernt und insbesondere in einen Bereich außerhalb des Besatzungsraums abgegeben werden. Somit trägt die Absaugvorrichtung dazu bei, dass die Belastung von Besatzungsmitgliedern, die sich in dem Besatzungsraum aufhalten, verringert wird.Air and / or exhaust gases can be removed from the crew compartment via the suction device and, in particular, released into an area outside the crew compartment. The suction device thus contributes to the fact that the stress on crew members who are in the crew compartment is reduced.

Bei dem Besatzungsraum kann es sich um einen im Bereich des Oberdecks oder eines Turms des Wasserfahrzeugs angeordneten, insbesondere offenen, Raum handeln. Der Besatzungsraum kann bei Überwasserfahrt des Wasserfahrzeugs von der Besatzung betreten werden. Beispielsweise kann der Besatzungsraum einen Überwasserfahrstand aufweisen, von dem aus das Wasserfahrzeug gesteuert werden kann. Bevorzugt ist der Besatzungsraum ein offener Raum, der sich außerhalb eines Schiffskörpers des Wasserfahrzeugs befindet, im Fall eines Unterwasserfahrzeugs beispielsweise ein Raum, der sich außerhalb eines Druckkörpers des Unterwasserfahrzeugs befindet.The crew space can be a space, in particular an open space, arranged in the area of the upper deck or a tower of the watercraft. The crew compartment can be entered by the crew when the watercraft is crossing the water. For example, the crew compartment can have an overwater control station from which the watercraft can be controlled. The crew space is preferably an open space that is located outside a hull of the watercraft, in the case of an underwater vehicle, for example, a space that is located outside of a pressure hull of the underwater vehicle.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Absaugvorrichtung als Strahlpumpe ausgebildet. Die Verwendung einer Strahlpumpe, die oftmals auch als Injektor bezeichnet wird, bringt den Vorteil mit sich, dass sie keine bewegbaren Teile erfordert und daher eine erhöhte Robustheit aufweist. Insbesondere bei solchen Besatzungsräumen, die geflutet werden können, ist nicht zu befürchten, dass bewegbare Teile der Absaugvorrichtung durch in die Absaugvorrichtung eindringendes Wasser beschädigt werden. Zudem ist es nicht erforderlich, der Absaugvorrichtung elektrische Energie zuzuführen. Alternativ kann die Absaugvorrichtung als, insbesondere elektrisch, hydraulisch oder pneumatisch angetriebener, Ventilator oder als, insbesondere elektrisch, hydraulisch oder pneumatisch angetriebene, Pumpe ausgebildet sein.According to the invention, the suction device is designed as a jet pump. The use of a jet pump, which is often also referred to as an injector, has the advantage that it does not require any moving parts and is therefore more robust. In particular in the case of crew rooms that can be flooded, there is no need to fear that movable parts of the suction device will be damaged by water penetrating into the suction device. In addition, it is not necessary to supply electrical energy to the suction device. Alternatively, the suction device can be designed as, in particular electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven, fan or as, in particular electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven, pump.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass der Absaugvorrichtung als Treibmedium ein Abgas des Wasserfahrzeugs zuführbar ist, so dass die Energie des aus dem Wasserfahrzeug ausströmenden Abgases genutzt werden kann. Es ist daher nicht erforderlich, zusätzliche Energie zum Betrieb der Absaugvorrichtung bereitzustellen.According to the invention, it is provided that the suction device can be supplied with an exhaust gas from the watercraft as the propellant medium, so that the energy of the exhaust gas flowing out of the watercraft can be used. It is therefore not necessary to provide additional energy for operating the suction device.

In diesem Zusammenhang hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Absaugvorrichtung erfindungsgemäß in einem Abgasstrang des Wasserfahrzeugs, beispielsweise zwischen einem Verbrennungsmotor des Wasserfahrzeugs und dem Abgasaustritt, angeordnet ist.In this context, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the suction device is arranged according to the invention in an exhaust line of the watercraft, for example between an internal combustion engine of the watercraft and the exhaust gas outlet.

Bevorzugt ist die Absaugvorrichtung derart mit dem Abgasaustritt verbunden, dass aus dem Besatzungsraum abgesaugte Abgase durch den Abgasaustritt ausgegeben werden. Der Abgasaustritt kann beispielsweise in der Außenkontur des Wasserfahrzeugs, insbesondere in der Außenkontur des Besatzungsraums, angeordnet sein.The suction device is preferably connected to the exhaust gas outlet in such a way that exhaust gases sucked out of the occupation space are output through the exhaust gas outlet. The exhaust gas outlet can be arranged, for example, in the outer contour of the watercraft, in particular in the outer contour of the crew compartment.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Absaugvorrichtung mit einer im Besatzungsraum angeordneten Saugleitung verbunden ist, über welche Abgase aus dem Besatzungsraum in Richtung der Absaugvorrichtung absaugbar sind. Über die Saugleitung können Abgase aus solchen Bereichen des Besatzungsraums abgesaugt werden, die von der Saugvorrichtung entfernt angeordnet sind. Die Saugleitung kann nach Art eines Rohrs ausgebildet sein. Ferner ist es möglich, dass die Saugleitung eine oder mehrere Absaugöffnungen aufweist. Bevorzugt ist der Verlauf der Saugleitung in dem Besatzungsraum derart gewählt, dass sie verschiedene, gegebenenfalls durch Trennwände getrennte, Bereiche des Besatzungsraums durchläuft und in jedem Bereich des Besatzungsraums zumindest eine Absaugöffnung vorgesehen ist.A further advantageous embodiment provides that the suction device is connected to a suction line arranged in the crew compartment, via which exhaust gases can be drawn off from the crew compartment in the direction of the suction device. Exhaust gases can be sucked off via the suction line from those areas of the crew compartment which are arranged at a distance from the suction device. The suction line can be designed in the manner of a pipe. It is also possible for the suction line to have one or more suction openings. The course of the suction line in the crew compartment is preferably selected such that it runs through different areas of the crew compartment, optionally separated by partition walls, and at least one suction opening is provided in each area of the crew compartment.

Vorteilhaft ist es ferner, wenn die Saugleitung eine Rückschlagklappe und/oder ein Rückschlagventil aufweist, welche das Eindringen von Abgasen durch die Saugleitung in den Besatzungsraum verhindert. Durch die Rückschlagklappe bzw. das Rückschlagventil kann verhindert werden, dass Abgas in die Saugleitung strömt, wenn der Austritt der Absaugvorrichtung kurzzeitig durch eindringendes Wasser verschlossen wird. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Rückschlagklappe bzw. das Rückschlagventil in einem der Absaugvorrichtung zugewandten Bereich der Saugleitung angeordnet ist.It is also advantageous if the suction line has a non-return flap and / or a non-return valve which prevents exhaust gases from penetrating through the suction line into the crew compartment. The non-return flap or the non-return valve can prevent exhaust gas from flowing into the suction line if the outlet of the suction device is briefly closed by penetrating water. It is particularly advantageous if the non-return flap or the non-return valve is arranged in an area of the suction line facing the suction device.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass die Absaugvorrichtung in dem Besatzungsraum angeordnet ist, so dass die Absaugvorrichtung vor mechanischen Einwirkungen, beispielsweise durch Strömung, Spritzwasser oder Geschosse, geschützt ist. Alternativ kann die Absaugvorrichtung außerhalb des Besatzungsraums angeordnet sein, beispielsweise in einem von dem Besatzungsraum abgetrennten Schutzraum. Weiter alternativ kann die Absaugvorrichtung an der Außenkontur des Wasserfahrzeugs angeordnet werden, wodurch innerhalb der Außenkontur des Wasserfahrzeugs, insbesondere innerhalb des Besatzungsraums, kein Bauraum für die Absaugvorrichtung vorgehalten werden muss. Eine Anordnung an der Außenkontur des Wasserfahrzeugs eignet sich daher insbesondere als Nachrüstlösung.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the suction device is arranged in the crew compartment, so that the suction device is mechanically Effects, for example by currents, splash water or projectiles, is protected. Alternatively, the suction device can be arranged outside of the occupation space, for example in a protective space separated from the occupation space. As a further alternative, the suction device can be arranged on the outer contour of the watercraft, as a result of which no installation space has to be reserved for the suction device within the outer contour of the watercraft, in particular within the crew compartment. An arrangement on the outer contour of the watercraft is therefore particularly suitable as a retrofit solution.

Erfindungsgemäß kommt die Erfindung bei einem Wasserfahrzeug zur Anwendung, dessen Besatzungsraum wahlweise mit Wasser flutbar ist, insbesondere bei einem Tauchgang des Wasserfahrzeugs. Der Besatzungsraum ist außerhalb eines Druckkörpers des Wasserfahrzeugs angeordnet. Derartige Besatzungsräume, beispielsweise die Innenräume von Türmen von Unterseebooten, können Öffnungen nach Art von Flutschlitzen aufweisen, durch die unerwünschte Abgase eindringen können. Die durch die Flutschlitze eingedrungenen Abgase können durch die Absaugvorrichtung abgesaugt werden.According to the invention, the invention is used in a watercraft whose crew compartment can optionally be flooded with water, in particular when the watercraft is diving. The crew compartment is arranged outside a pressure hull of the watercraft. Such crew rooms, for example the interiors of towers of submarines, can have openings in the manner of flood slots through which undesired exhaust gases can penetrate. The exhaust gases that have penetrated through the flood slots can be sucked off by the suction device.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Zeichnungen, sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen anhand der Zeichnungen. Die Zeichnungen illustrieren dabei lediglich beispielhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, welche den Erfindungsgedanken nicht einschränken.Further details, features and advantages of the invention emerge from the drawings and from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings merely illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, which do not restrict the concept of the invention.

Kurze Beschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Aufbau eines Wasserfahrzeugs in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung entlang einer Querachse des Wasserfahrzeugs.the Figure 1 shows a structure of a watercraft in a schematic sectional view along a transverse axis of the watercraft.

Die Figur 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Wasserfahrzeugs gemäß der Erfindung in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung entlang einer Längsachse des Wasserfahrzeugs.the Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a watercraft according to the invention in a schematic sectional view along a longitudinal axis of the watercraft.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

In den verschiedenen Figuren sind gleiche Teile stets mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und werden daher in der Regel auch jeweils nur einmal benannt bzw. erwähnt.In the various figures, the same parts are always provided with the same reference numerals and are therefore usually only named or mentioned once.

In der Figur 1 ist ein Teil eines als Unterwasserfahrzeug ausgebildeten Wasserfahrzeugs 1 dargestellt, welches beispielsweise als militärisches Unterseeboot eingesetzt werden kann.In the Figure 1 a part of a watercraft 1 designed as an underwater vehicle is shown, which can be used, for example, as a military submarine.

Das Wasserfahrzeug 1 weist einen Druckkörper 3 auf, der gas- und wasserdicht ausgebildet ist. Innerhalb des Druckkörpers 3, von dem in der Figur 1 nur ein Teil der Außenkontur gezeigt ist, sind unter anderem ein als Dieselmotor ausgebildeter Verbrennungsmotor zum Antrieb des Wasserfahrzeugs 1 sowie Mannschaftsräume angeordnet, in welchen sich Besatzungsmitglieder des Wasserfahrzeugs 1 aufhalten können.The watercraft 1 has a pressure body 3 which is designed to be gas-tight and water-tight. Within the pressure hull 3, of which in the Figure 1 only part of the outer contour is shown, an internal combustion engine designed as a diesel engine for driving the watercraft 1 as well as crew rooms are arranged, in which crew members of the watercraft 1 can stay.

Im Bereich oberhalb des Druckkörpers 3 ist ein als Turm ausgestalteter Aufbau 2 angeordnet. Der Aufbau weist an seiner Oberseite eine Öffnung 6 auf. Bei Überwasserfahrt ragt der Aufbau 2 aus dem Wasser heraus. Im Inneren des Aufbaus 2 befindet sich ein Besatzungsraum 5 mit einem Überwasserfahrstand 16, der bei Überwasserfahrt Besatzungsmitglieder aufnehmen kann, so dass diese beispielsweise im Besatzungsraum 5 angeordnete Ausrüstungsgegenstände bedienen können. Im untergetauchten Zustand, also bei Tauchfahrt, befindet sich der Aufbau 2 des Wasserfahrzeugs 1 zumindest teilweise unterhalb der Wasserlinie. Da der Aufbau 2 weder gasdicht, noch wasserdicht ausgestaltet ist, wird der Besatzungsraum 5 beim Abtauchen geflutet. Wie der Darstellung in Figur 1 weiter zu entnehmen ist, weist der Besatzungsraum 5 mehrere Öffnungen 4, 6 auf, durch welche beim Abtauchen Wasser in den Besatzungsraum 5 eindringen kann. Diese Öffnungen 4 können beispielsweise als Flutschlitze ausgebildet sein.In the area above the pressure hull 3, a structure 2 designed as a tower is arranged. The structure has an opening 6 on its upper side. When traveling above the water, the structure 2 protrudes from the water. Inside the superstructure 2 there is a crew room 5 with an overwater control stand 16, which can accommodate crew members when traveling over water, so that they can operate items of equipment arranged in the crew room 5, for example. In the submerged state, that is to say when diving, the structure 2 of the watercraft 1 is at least partially below the waterline. Since the structure 2 is neither gastight nor watertight, the crew compartment 5 is flooded when diving. As shown in Figure 1 It can also be seen that the crew compartment 5 has several openings 4, 6 through which water can penetrate into the crew compartment 5 when submerged. These openings 4 can for example be designed as flood slots.

Um die im Verbrennungsmotor des Wasserfahrzeugs 1 entstehenden Abgase abzuführen, weist das Wasserfahrzeug 1 ferner einen Abgasaustritt 14 auf, welcher im Bereich des Aufbaus 4 vorgesehen ist, so dass die Abgase bei Überwasserfahrt in die Umgebungsluft abgegeben werden können. Liegen Windverhältnisse vor, wie sie in Figur 1 dargestellt sind, kann es dazu kommen, dass Abgase in den Besatzungsraum 5 gelangen können und die sich dort aufhaltenden Besatzungsmitglieder beeinträchtigen. Bei einer Luftströmung 15, die von einer dem Abgasaustritt 14 gegenüberliegenden Seite auf das Wasserfahrzeug 1 trifft, bilden sich auf der Leeseite, im Bereich des Windschattens des Aufbaus 2 Luftwirbel. Durch diese Luftwirbel kann das aus dem Abgasaustritt 14 austretende Abgas aufgewirbelt und an den Aufbau 2 herangezogen werden. Gleichzeitig kommt es bei einer Luftströmung 15, die über der oberen Öffnung des Aufbaus 2 verläuft, zu der Bildung eines Unterdrucks im Bereich des Besatzungsraums 5. Aufgrund des Unterdrucks beim Besatzungsraum 5 werden die Abgase durch die Öffnungen 4, 6 in das Innere des Besatzungsraums 5 befördert und beeinträchtigen dort die Besatzungsmitglieder.In order to discharge the exhaust gases generated in the internal combustion engine of the watercraft 1, the watercraft 1 also has an exhaust gas outlet 14 which is provided in the area of the structure 4 so that the exhaust gases can be released into the ambient air when traveling over water. If there are wind conditions as shown in Figure 1 are shown, it can happen that exhaust gases can get into the crew room 5 and affect the crew members staying there. In the case of an air flow 15 which hits the watercraft 1 from a side opposite the exhaust gas outlet 14, air vortices form on the leeward side, in the area of the slipstream of the structure 2. The exhaust gas exiting the exhaust gas outlet 14 can be whirled up by these air vortices and drawn to the structure 2. At the same time, with an air flow 15 that runs over the upper opening of the structure 2, a negative pressure is formed in the area of the crew room 5 promotes and affects the crew members there.

Um die Belastung von sich in dem Innenraum aufhaltenden Besatzungsmitgliedern durch Abgase zu verringern, sind bei dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Wasserfahrzeug 1 nach Art eines Unterseeboots besondere Vorkehrungen getroffen, die nachfolgend erläutert werden sollen. Das Wasserfahrzeug 1 weist eine Absaugvorrichtung 7 auf, über welche Abgase aus dem Besatzungsraum 5 abgesaugt werden können. Hierdurch können für die Besatzungsmitglieder unangenehme bzw. schädliche Abgase aus dem Besatzungsraum 5 entfernt werden, so dass die Belastung der Besatzungsmitglieder durch Abgase insgesamt verringert ist.In order to reduce the pollution caused by exhaust gases to crew members staying in the interior, the in Figure 2 1 illustrated watercraft in the manner of a Special precautions have been taken for submarines, which are explained below. The watercraft 1 has a suction device 7, by means of which exhaust gases can be sucked out of the crew compartment 5. In this way, exhaust gases that are unpleasant or harmful for the crew members can be removed from the crew compartment 5, so that the overall exposure of the crew members to exhaust gases is reduced.

Die Absaugvorrichtung 7 ist als Strahlpumpe ausgebildet, welche mit dem Abgas des Verbrennungsmotors des Wasserfahrzeugs als Treibmedium betrieben wird. Hierzu ist die Absaugvorrichtung als Teil des Abgasstrangs 13 des Wasserfahrzeugs 1 vorgesehen. Die Absaugvorrichtung 7 befindet sich im Abgasstrang 13 zwischen dem Verbrennungsmotor und dem Abgasaustritt 5. Der Verbrennungsmotor wird dabei bevorzugt so ausgelegt, dass der durch die Absaugvorrichtung 7 erhöhte Abgasgegendruck durch das Abgas überwunden werden kann. Im Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Druckkörper 3 und dem Aufbau 2, bzw. dem Besatzungsraum 5, ist eine Abgasklappe 12 vorgesehen. In Strömungsrichtung des Abgases hinter der Abgasklappe 12 ist eine Abgasumschaltklappe 11 angeordnet.The suction device 7 is designed as a jet pump, which is operated with the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine of the watercraft as the propellant medium. For this purpose, the suction device is provided as part of the exhaust line 13 of the watercraft 1. The suction device 7 is located in the exhaust line 13 between the internal combustion engine and the exhaust gas outlet 5. The internal combustion engine is preferably designed so that the exhaust gas counter pressure increased by the suction device 7 can be overcome by the exhaust gas. An exhaust flap 12 is provided in the transition area between the pressure hull 3 and the structure 2 or the occupation space 5. In the flow direction of the exhaust gas behind the exhaust gas flap 12, an exhaust gas switchover flap 11 is arranged.

Die Absaugvorrichtung 7 befindet sich innerhalb des Besatzungsraums 5, so dass diese vor äußeren Einwirkungen, beispielsweise durch Spritzwasser, geschützt ist. An einem Sauganschluss der Absaugvorrichtung 7 ist eine Saugleitung 8 angeschlossen, welche ausgehend von der Absaugvorrichtung 7 in das Innere des Besatzungsraums 5 verläuft. Die Saugleitung 8 weist mehrere Absaugöffnungen 10 auf, durch welche Luft und Abgase angesaugt werden. Die Absaugöffnungen 10 sind über die Saugleitung 8 verteilt angeordnet, so dass die Abgase an verschiedenen Stellen des Besatzungsraums 5 angesaugt werden.The suction device 7 is located within the crew compartment 5, so that it is protected from external influences, for example from spray water. A suction line 8 is connected to a suction connection of the suction device 7 and runs from the suction device 7 into the interior of the occupation space 5. The suction line 8 has several suction openings 10 through which air and exhaust gases are sucked in. The suction openings 10 are arranged distributed over the suction line 8, so that the exhaust gases are sucked in at different points in the occupation space 5.

Auf der Seite der Saugleitung 8, welche der Absaugvorrichtung 7 zugewandt ist, ist innerhalb der Saugleitung 8 eine Rückschlagklappe 9 angeordnet. Durch die Rückschlagklappe 9 wird verhindert, dass bei starkem Wellengang Abgas oder Wasser durch den Abgasaustritt 14 und die Absaugvorrichtung 7 in die Saugleitung 8 gelangt und Abgase in den Besatzungsraum 5 drücken.On the side of the suction line 8 which faces the suction device 7, a non-return flap 9 is arranged within the suction line 8. The non-return flap 9 prevents exhaust gas or water from passing through the exhaust gas outlet 14 and the suction device 7 into the suction line 8 and forcing exhaust gases into the crew compartment 5 when there is a strong swell.

Befindet sich das Wasserfahrzeug 1 auf Tauchgang, sind neben dem Besatzungsraum 5 sämtliche zuvor beschriebene Komponenten, die sich außerhalb des Druckkörpers 3 befindet, geflutet.If the watercraft 1 is diving, in addition to the crew compartment 5, all of the components described above that are located outside the pressure hull 3 are flooded.

Bei dem vorstehend beschriebenen Wasserfahrzeug 1 mit einem Abgasaustritt 14 und mit einem Besatzungsraum 5 zur Aufnahme von Besatzungsmitgliedern, welcher eine Öffnung 4, 6 aufweist, durch welche Abgase in den Besatzungsraum eindringen können, ist zum Schutz der Besatzungsmitglieder vor der Einwirkung in den Besatzungsraum 5 eindringender Abgase eine Absaugvorrichtung 7 vorgesehen, über welche Abgase aus dem Besatzungsraum 5 absaugbar sind. Hierdurch wird die Belastung der sich in dem Besatzungsraum 5 aufhaltenden Besatzungsmitglieder durch Abgase des Wasserfahrzeugs 1 verringert.In the above-described watercraft 1 with an exhaust gas outlet 14 and with a crew compartment 5 for accommodating crew members, which has an opening 4, 6 through which exhaust gases can penetrate into the crew compartment To protect the crew members from the effects of exhaust gases penetrating into the crew room 5, a suction device 7 is provided, via which exhaust gases can be extracted from the crew room 5. This reduces the exposure of the crew members staying in the crew room 5 to exhaust gases from the watercraft 1.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
WasserfahrzeugWatercraft
22
Aufbauconstruction
33
DruckkörperPressure hull
44th
Öffnungopening
55
BesatzungsraumCrew room
66th
Öffnungopening
77th
AbsaugvorrichtungSuction device
88th
SaugleitungSuction line
99
RückschlagklappeCheck valve
1010
AbsaugöffnungSuction opening
1111
AbgasumschaltklappeExhaust switchover flap
1212th
AbgasklappeExhaust flap
1313th
AbgasstrangExhaust system
1414th
AbgasaustrittExhaust outlet
1515th
LuftströmungAir flow
1616
ÜberwasserfahrstandAbove water control station

Claims (5)

  1. A vessel, an underwater vessel, with an exhaust gas outlet (14) and with a turret and a crew compartment (5) for accommodating crew members at the upper end of the turret, wherein the crew compartment (5) can optionally be flooded with water, in particular during a submerging operation of the vessel (1), wherein the crew compartment (5) is arranged outside a pressure hull (3) of the vessel (1), wherein the crew compartment (5) comprises an opening (4, 6) through which exhaust gases can penetrate the crew compartment, wherein in order to protect the crew members against the effect of exhaust gases penetrating the crew compartment (5), the vessel (1) comprises an extraction device (7) via which exhaust gases can be sucked off out of the crew compartment (5), wherein an exhaust gas of the vessel (1) can be supplied as a driving medium to the extraction device (7), wherein the extraction device (7) is designed as a jet pump, wherein the extraction device (7) is arranged in an exhaust gas tract (13) of the vessel (1).
  2. The vessel as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the extraction device (7) is connected to the exhaust gas outlet (14) in such a manner that exhaust gases sucked off out of the crew compartment (5) are output through the exhaust gas outlet (14).
  3. The vessel as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the extraction device (7) is connected to a suction line (8) which is arranged in the crew compartment (5) and via which exhaust gases can be sucked off out of the crew compartment (5) in the direction of the extraction device (7).
  4. The vessel as claimed in claim 3, wherein the suction line comprises a nonreturn flap (9) and/or a nonreturn valve which prevents exhaust gases penetrating through the suction line (8) into the crew compartment (5).
  5. The vessel as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the extraction device (7) is arranged in the crew compartment (5).
EP16702062.7A 2015-02-05 2016-01-26 Vessel Active EP3253651B1 (en)

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DE102015101670.2A DE102015101670A1 (en) 2015-02-05 2015-02-05 water craft
PCT/EP2016/051537 WO2016124442A1 (en) 2015-02-05 2016-01-26 Vessel

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EP3253651B1 true EP3253651B1 (en) 2021-08-11

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KR20170114274A (en) 2017-10-13
EP3253651A1 (en) 2017-12-13
DE102015101670A1 (en) 2016-08-25
ES2886560T3 (en) 2021-12-20
WO2016124442A1 (en) 2016-08-11

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